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Great Lakes Maritime Institute Dossin Great Lakes Museum, Belle Isle, Detroit 7, Michigan August TELESCOPE 170

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Great Lakes Maritime Institute Dossin Great Lakes Museum, Belle Isle, Detroit 7, Michigan August TELESCOPE 170 TELESCOPE August, 1904 Volume 13, Number MiCHIPiCDTfj* n K B l i Great Lakes Maritime Institute Dossin Great Lakes Museum, Belle Isle, Detroit 7, Michigan August TELESCOPE 170 M eetings Contents General Meeting Cover: Freighter Michipicoten, the Friday 25 Sept ember 1964 former Pittsburgher Henry C. Frick, Dossin Museum, 8 p.m. now sails under British Commonwealth (Nassau) registry on behalf of Al­ Our speaker will be Mr. F. Wells goma Central’s fleet. Peter Worden Robison, Technical Liaison Officer took this photo in the St. Marys. of the United States Lake Survey. The program will be their latest Institute Page ................ 170 film, “ The Lake Survey.” We have The Lakers of World War I and all become familiar with earlier in­ their Predecessors: Part 3, struments and work of the Lake Sur­ The “Wars,” by the Rev. vey through viewing the display at Edward J. Dowling, S. J ....... 171 Dossin Museum. The waters which Curator’s Corner, they chart have been much in the by Robert E. Lee............. 183 news for their unusually low levels, Grand Salon: Motorship making shallower the dredged chan­ Henry Ford II, photographs nels for shipping and bringing hard­ by Robert E. Lee ............ 184 ship to property along the shore­ Blueprint: Engine of Henry line. What might be considered nor­ Ford II in cross section 186 mal levels for the lakes? Is there Great Lakes and Seaway News, any truth in the idea that lake high Edited by Robert Radunz .... 187 water levels come in cycles of seven * * * years? Bring these and any other questions with you, and come to see We rejoice to learn of the genero­ how the Lake Survey does its work sity of Mr. Stanley S. Kresge and t oday. the Kresge Foundation toward the Business Meeting Detroit Historical Museum. The Friday 30 October 1964 Kresge Foundation recently pledged Dossin Museum, 8 p.m. $500,000 toward building an addition to the Main Museum on Woodward at Visitors are welcome to these meet­ Ki rby, with these funds to be equal­ ings of the Board of Directors. led by the city’s own pledge toward the project. The Kresges have long been benefactors of public buildings and college campuses across the country can usually boast of a ‘Kresge” building. The Detroit His­ torical Museum and Society have long blessed the program of the Insti­ tute, and we are pleased with their INSTITUTE PAGE good fortune. G.P.B. TELESCOPE August 171 The first and second parts of Father Dowling’s list of the "Lakers" appeared in the Telescope issues for April and May of 1964, describing “Early Lake-built Ocean Vessels” and “ The Pre-Lakers. " The “Lakers” OF WORLD WAR I AND THEIR PREDECESSORS: PART THREE The “Wars” By the Rev. Edward J. Dowling, S. J. m ' i War Major Photograph from the author's collection August TELESCOPE 1 72 T TELESCOPE August 173 LAKERS OF WORLD WAR I: THE WARS When the United States entered the First War in early 1917, there were approximately ninety-nine ocean type freighters under construction.or under contract in Great Lakes shipyards. With a few exceptions, these vessels were basically Fredrikstad type freighters. The exceptions included two “ over-size” (345 feet long) three island type vessels which were later bulkheaded through the canals. In addition there were four engines-aft ships of a design developed by Great Lakes Engineering Works for the Amer­ ican coastwise coal trade between Hampton Roads and New Eng­ land. And two diesel jobs were building at Manitowoc for Scan­ dinavia. Of the remaining 93 ships, the largest group was intended ultimately for the well known British line, Cunard Steamship Co. of Liverpool. These had been contracted for either by Cunard directly or through various British and American brokers acting in their behalf. Following the British tradition of nomenclature in World War I, these vessels were given two-word names, the first word of which was "War. ” The United States Shipping Board requisitioned all 99 of these ships in May, 1917, for American flag service. There was a lot of litigation involved, and not everybody was happy about the final outcome. But the requisitioning was done, and these vessels subsequently flew the American flag. At that time, no American system of nomenclature had been selected, so apparently the Shipping Board decided to keep the British “ War” names for a while at least. In due time, a new series of names for Great Lakes built ships was determined upon, using the name "Lake" as the first word. Some sources credit this system to Mrs. Woodrow Wilson. Be this the case or not, most of the requisitioned vessels were renamed with “ Lake” names. (Note: Five of the “ Wars” were delivered to their British owners before the United States entered the war, and in this way escaped the "Lake” renaming.) Here follows a list of the Great Lakes built “ Wars” : PHOTOGRAPHS ON OPPOSITE PAGE Above: Lake Conesus (the former War Gnome), photograph from the Dossin Museum Collection. Below: Catherine (the former War Mist and Lake Greenwood), photdgraph from Photo Bank of the Steamship Historical Society of America. August TELESCOPE 1 7 4 ___________ LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS s.s. War Banner, 1917 Chicago by and later Pan. 1193). Spent most Chicago Shipbuilding Co. (hull of her life on the Great Lakes. #83). Renamed Lake Worth (US Foundered due to sprung plates, 215716). Sold Belgian in 1920 and near Tortuga Island in the Carib­ renamed Phoenicier. Later names bean, 7-6-1955. were Amber stone and Orland. Sunk s.s. War Chant, 1917 Superior, Wis., at Midsund, 4-29-1940. by Superior Shipbuilding Co. (hull s.s. War Bayonet, 1917 Toledo by #528). Renamed Lake Champlain Toledo Shipbuilding Co. (#141). (US 215642). Sold Belgian in 1920 Renamed Lake Superior (US 215756). and renamed Nipponier. Later Later named C. D, Johnson III, Fruithandel and Meisei Maru (Jap. Anna Schafer, Tuluran and Anna 32635). Sunk by U. S. Submarine Schafer. Scrapped in 1946. Spent Flying Fish in Sea of Japan on most of her life in the Pacific 6-11-1945. Coast lumber trade. s.s. War Cloud, 1918 Manitowoc by s.s. War Beaver, 1917 Wyandotte by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#93). Detroit Shipbuilding Co. (#211). Renamed Lake Linden (US 216805). Renamed Lake Erie (US 215747). Scrapped by Ford in 1927. Sold Norwegian in early twenties, s.s. War Comet, 1918 Manitowoc by and successively renamed Gezina, Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#90). Ragni , Arpeco and Force. In ser­ Renamed Lake Monroe (US 216739). vice as of 1958. Later named Mary (A. H. Bull & s.s. War Birch, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ Co.) and British Thorpebay. Sunk ican Shipbuilding Co. (hull #726). as disposal hulk for cargo of gas Renamed Lake Charles (US 216091). bombs, 11-1947. Later Norwegian Kirsten B. s.s. War Cornet, 1918 Ecorse by s.s. War Branch, 1918 Lorain by Am­ Great Lakes Engineering Works erican Shipbuilding Company (hull (#189). Renamed Lakehurst (US #730). Renamed Lake Fernwood (US 216262). Scrapped by Ford, 1928. 216400) and later Virginia Dis­ patch for Old Dominion Lines. s.s. War Cross, 1917 Cleveland by Later British and Italian Mercur- American Ship Building Co. (#463). io. Sunk by Allied action at Par- Delivered before requisitions of enzo, 1944. U. S. Shipping Board. Later 4rs, Cap d'Ailly, Blink and Hsing Ping. s.s. War Briar, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ ican (#727). Renamed Lake Jessup s.s. War Cymbal, 1918 Ashtabula by (US 216092). Sold Norwegian in Great Lakes Engineering Works 1924 and renamed Ekstrand. (#186). Later Lake Charlotte (US 216424). Scrapped at Dearborn by s.s. War Bugle, 1918 Ashtabula by Ford in 1928. Great Lakes Engineering Works (#180). Renamed Lake Maurepas (US 216184). Scrapped by Ford at Dearborn in the twenties. PHOTOGRAPHS ON OPPOSITE PAGE: s.s. War Castle, 1918 Manitowoc by Ab ove: Lake Harris ( the for­ Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#82). mer War Fairy), aground, at Renamed Lake Ontario (US 215816). Be i1ly Isles, 1918. Phot o Also scrapped by Ford at Dearborn. from author’s col le d ion . s.s. War Centaur, 1918 Duluth by Below: Lake Stirling (the McDougall-Duluth Corp. (hull #3). former War Thrush). Photo Renamed Lake Traverse (US 216150 courtesy of Richard J. Wright. TELESCOPE August 175 August TELESCOPE 1 7 6 _____________ __ LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS s.s. War Daisy, 1918 Toledo by Tol- s s. War Fortune, 1918 Lorain by edo Shipbuilding Co. (#154). Re­ American Ship Building Co. (#731). named Lake Sebago (US 216355). Renamed Lake Weir (US 216330). Later Robert Johnson, Hubert Scha­ Converted to diesel-powered sand fer and Santa Monica. In service dredge in 1926 and renamed Sand- in 1962. master. Oi the Great Lakes until World War II. Sold Brazillian in s.s. War Drum, 1918 Ashtabula by 1946. Great Lakes Engineering Works (#181). Renamed Lake Louise (US s s. War Fox, 1917 Wyandotte by De­ 216406). Engines removed by Ford troit Shipbuilding Co. (#213). in 1927. Later barge Lake Louise Renamed Lake Forest (US 215784). and Gordon C. Cooke. Foundered Sold Belgian in 1920. Later names off Delaware coast, 4-7-1947. were Venetier, Tabakhandel, Este, Chollin, Rafael Ariztia, San Pat­ s.s. War Duty, 1918 Chicago by Chi­ ricio, Mary V. and Radio S. Was cago Shipbuilding Co. (#85). Re­ scrapped at Gijon, Spain, in 1960. named Lake Crescent (US 216098). Later Padilla (Colombian & Ameri­ can) and Morea (Italian). Sunk as s.s. War Gnome, 1918 Ecorse by Great a blockship, 1940. Lakes Engineering Works (#192). Renamed Lake Conesus (US 215501). s.s. War Elfin, 1918 Ashtabula by Scrapped by Ford in 1927.
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