TELESCOPE

August, 1904 Volume 13, Number

MiCHIPiCDTfj*

n K B l i Great Lakes Maritime Institute Dossin Great Lakes Museum, Belle Isle, Detroit 7, Michigan August TELESCOPE 170

M eetings Contents

General Meeting Cover: Freighter Michipicoten, the Friday 25 Sept ember 1964 former Pittsburgher Henry C. Frick, Dossin Museum, 8 p.m. now sails under British Commonwealth (Nassau) registry on behalf of Al­ Our speaker will be Mr. F. Wells goma Central’s fleet. Peter Worden Robison, Technical Liaison Officer took this photo in the St. Marys. of the United States Lake Survey. The program will be their latest Institute Page ...... 170 film, “ The Lake Survey.” We have The Lakers of World War I and all become familiar with earlier in­ their Predecessors: Part 3, struments and work of the Lake Sur­ The “Wars,” by the Rev. vey through viewing the display at Edward J. Dowling, S. J ...... 171 Dossin Museum. The waters which Curator’s Corner, they chart have been much in the by Robert E. Lee...... 183 news for their unusually low levels, Grand Salon: Motorship making shallower the dredged chan­ Henry Ford II, photographs nels for shipping and bringing hard­ by Robert E. Lee ...... 184 ship to property along the shore­ Blueprint: Engine of Henry line. What might be considered nor­ Ford II in cross section 186 mal levels for the lakes? Is there Great Lakes and Seaway News, any truth in the idea that lake high Edited by Robert Radunz .... 187 water levels come in cycles of seven * * * years? Bring these and any other questions with you, and come to see We rejoice to learn of the genero­ how the Lake Survey does its work sity of Mr. Stanley S. Kresge and t oday. the Kresge Foundation toward the Business Meeting Detroit Historical Museum. The Friday 30 October 1964 Kresge Foundation recently pledged Dossin Museum, 8 p.m. $500,000 toward building an addition to the Main Museum on Woodward at Visitors are welcome to these meet­ Ki rby, with these funds to be equal­ ings of the Board of Directors. led by the city’s own pledge toward the project. The Kresges have long been benefactors of public buildings and college campuses across the country can usually boast of a ‘Kresge” building. The Detroit His­ torical Museum and Society have long blessed the program of the Insti­ tute, and we are pleased with their INSTITUTE PAGE good fortune. G.P.B. TELESCOPE August 171

The first and second parts of Father Dowling’s list of the "Lakers" appeared in the Telescope issues for April and May of 1964, describing “Early Lake-built Ocean Vessels” and “ The Pre-Lakers. "

The “Lakers” OF WORLD WAR I AND THEIR PREDECESSORS: PART THREE The “Wars”

By the Rev. Edward J. Dowling, S. J.

m ' i

War Major Photograph from the author's collection August TELESCOPE 1 72

T TELESCOPE August 173

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR I: THE WARS

When the United States entered the First War in early 1917, there were approximately ninety-nine ocean type freighters under construction.or under contract in Great Lakes shipyards. With a few exceptions, these vessels were basically Fredrikstad type freighters. The exceptions included two “ over-size” (345 feet long) three island type vessels which were later bulkheaded through the canals. In addition there were four engines-aft ships of a design developed by Great Lakes Engineering Works for the Amer­ ican coastwise coal trade between Hampton Roads and New Eng­ land. And two diesel jobs were building at Manitowoc for Scan­ dinavia. Of the remaining 93 ships, the largest group was intended ultimately for the well known British line, Cunard Steamship Co. of Liverpool. These had been contracted for either by Cunard directly or through various British and American brokers acting in their behalf. Following the British tradition of nomenclature in World War I, these vessels were given two-word names, the first word of which was "War. ” The United States Shipping Board requisitioned all 99 of these ships in May, 1917, for American flag service. There was a lot of litigation involved, and not everybody was happy about the final outcome. But the requisitioning was done, and these vessels subsequently flew the American flag. At that time, no American system of nomenclature had been selected, so apparently the Shipping Board decided to keep the British “ War” names for a while at least. In due time, a new series of names for Great Lakes built ships was determined upon, using the name "Lake" as the first word. Some sources credit this system to Mrs. Woodrow Wilson. Be this the case or not, most of the requisitioned vessels were renamed with “ Lake” names. (Note: Five of the “ Wars” were delivered to their British owners before the United States entered the war, and in this way escaped the "Lake” renaming.)

Here follows a list of the Great Lakes built “ Wars” :

PHOTOGRAPHS ON OPPOSITE PAGE Above: Lake Conesus (the former War Gnome), photograph from the Dossin Museum Collection. Below: Catherine (the former War Mist and Lake Greenwood), photdgraph from Photo Bank of the Steamship Historical Society of America. August TELESCOPE 1 7 4 ______

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS

s.s. War Banner, 1917 Chicago by and later Pan. 1193). Spent most Chicago Shipbuilding Co. (hull of her life on the Great Lakes. #83). Renamed Lake Worth (US Foundered due to sprung plates, 215716). Sold Belgian in 1920 and near Tortuga Island in the Carib­ renamed Phoenicier. Later names bean, 7-6-1955. were Amber stone and Orland. Sunk s.s. War Chant, 1917 Superior, Wis., at Midsund, 4-29-1940. by Superior Shipbuilding Co. (hull s.s. War Bayonet, 1917 Toledo by #528). Renamed Lake Champlain Toledo Shipbuilding Co. (#141). (US 215642). Sold Belgian in 1920 Renamed Lake Superior (US 215756). and renamed Nipponier. Later Later named C. D, Johnson III, Fruithandel and Meisei Maru (Jap. Anna Schafer, Tuluran and Anna 32635). Sunk by U. S. Submarine Schafer. Scrapped in 1946. Spent Flying Fish in Sea of Japan on most of her life in the Pacific 6-11-1945. Coast lumber trade. s.s. War Cloud, 1918 Manitowoc by s.s. War Beaver, 1917 Wyandotte by Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#93). Detroit Shipbuilding Co. (#211). Renamed Lake Linden (US 216805). Renamed Lake Erie (US 215747). Scrapped by Ford in 1927. Sold Norwegian in early twenties, s.s. War Comet, 1918 Manitowoc by and successively renamed Gezina, Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#90). Ragni , Arpeco and Force. In ser­ Renamed Lake Monroe (US 216739). vice as of 1958. Later named Mary (A. H. Bull & s.s. War Birch, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ Co.) and British Thorpebay. Sunk ican Shipbuilding Co. (hull #726). as disposal hulk for cargo of gas Renamed Lake Charles (US 216091). bombs, 11-1947. Later Norwegian Kirsten B. s.s. War Cornet, 1918 Ecorse by s.s. War Branch, 1918 Lorain by Am­ Great Lakes Engineering Works erican Shipbuilding Company (hull (#189). Renamed Lakehurst (US #730). Renamed Lake Fernwood (US 216262). Scrapped by Ford, 1928. 216400) and later Virginia Dis­ patch for Old Dominion Lines. s.s. War Cross, 1917 Cleveland by Later British and Italian Mercur- American Ship Building Co. (#463). io. Sunk by Allied action at Par- Delivered before requisitions of enzo, 1944. U. S. Shipping Board. Later 4rs, Cap d'Ailly, Blink and Hsing Ping. s.s. War Briar, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ ican (#727). Renamed Lake Jessup s.s. War Cymbal, 1918 Ashtabula by (US 216092). Sold Norwegian in Great Lakes Engineering Works 1924 and renamed Ekstrand. (#186). Later Lake Charlotte (US 216424). Scrapped at Dearborn by s.s. War Bugle, 1918 Ashtabula by Ford in 1928. Great Lakes Engineering Works (#180). Renamed Lake Maurepas (US 216184). Scrapped by Ford at Dearborn in the twenties. PHOTOGRAPHS ON OPPOSITE PAGE: s.s. War Castle, 1918 Manitowoc by Ab ove: Lake Harris ( the for­ Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co. (#82). mer War Fairy), aground, at Renamed Lake Ontario (US 215816). Be i1ly Isles, 1918. Phot o Also scrapped by Ford at Dearborn. from author’s col le d ion . s.s. War Centaur, 1918 Duluth by Below: Lake Stirling (the McDougall-Duluth Corp. (hull #3). former War Thrush). Photo Renamed Lake Traverse (US 216150 courtesy of Richard J. Wright. TELESCOPE August 175 August TELESCOPE 1 7 6 ______

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS

s.s. War Daisy, 1918 Toledo by Tol- s s. War Fortune, 1918 Lorain by edo Shipbuilding Co. (#154). Re­ American Ship Building Co. (#731). named Lake Sebago (US 216355). Renamed Lake Weir (US 216330). Later Robert Johnson, Hubert Scha­ Converted to diesel-powered sand fer and Santa Monica. In service dredge in 1926 and renamed Sand- in 1962. master. Oi the Great Lakes until World War II. Sold Brazillian in s.s. War Drum, 1918 Ashtabula by 1946. Great Lakes Engineering Works (#181). Renamed Lake Louise (US s s. War Fox, 1917 Wyandotte by De­ 216406). Engines removed by Ford troit Shipbuilding Co. (#213). in 1927. Later barge Lake Louise Renamed Lake Forest (US 215784). and Gordon C. Cooke. Foundered Sold Belgian in 1920. Later names off Delaware coast, 4-7-1947. were Venetier, Tabakhandel, Este, Chollin, Rafael Ariztia, San Pat­ s.s. War Duty, 1918 Chicago by Chi­ ricio, Mary V. and Radio S. Was cago Shipbuilding Co. (#85). Re­ scrapped at Gijon, Spain, in 1960. named Lake Crescent (US 216098). Later Padilla (Colombian & Ameri­ can) and Morea (Italian). Sunk as s.s. War Gnome, 1918 Ecorse by Great a blockship, 1940. Lakes Engineering Works (#192). Renamed Lake Conesus (US 215501). s.s. War Elfin, 1918 Ashtabula by Scrapped by Ford in 1927. (See Great Lakes Engineering Works illustration.) (#178). Later named Lake St. Re­ gis. Scrapped by Ford in 1927. s.s. War Goblin, 1918 Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering Works s.s. War Fairy, 1918 Ashtabula by (#177). Renamed Lake St. Clair Great Lakes Engineering Works (US 216052). Scrapped by Ford in (#188). Renamed Lake Harris (US 1927. 216646), and scrapped by Ford in 1928. (See illustration.) s.s. War Gull, 1918 Lorain by Ameri­ can Ship Building Co. (#729). Re­ s.s. War Ferret, 1917 Wyandotte by named Lake Benton (US 216329). Detroit Shipbuilding Co. (#215). Later Norwegian Fido and Strind- Renamed Lake Conway (US 215940). heim. Was the last vessel to Sailed from Philadelphia bound for clear the lakes and the old St. Havana, September, 1919, and never Lawrence Canals, outbound, in heard from again. 1958. Scrapped at Stavanger, Nor­ s.s. War Finch, 1917 Cleveland by way, in 1961. American Ship Building Co. (#468). s.s. War Harp, 1918 Ecorse by Great Renamed Lake Michigan (US 215722). Lakes Engineering Works (#193). Sold Belgian in 1920 and renamed Renamed Lake Silver (US 216570). Picardier. Foundered in the Bal­ Scrapped by Ford in 1928. tic Sea, 11-21-1923. s.s. War Honour, 1917 Wyandotte by s.s. War Flag, 1918 Toledo by Toledo Detroit Shipbuilding Co. (#212). Shipbuilding Co. (#143). Renamed Renamed Lakewood (US 215785). Lake Sunapee (US 216260). Later Sold Belgian in 1920. Later names names were Frank Lynch, Nestor, were Cambrier, Cap d'Alprecht, Otto, Irish Willow and Veraguas. Biodd and Yung Chi. Scrapped, Scrapped in Belgium in 1960. during World War II. s. s. War Flute, 1918 Eco rse by Great s.s. War Hope, 1918 Wyandotte by Lakes Engineering Works (#190). De.troit Shipbuilding Co. (#216). Renamed Lake Mary (US 216481). Later Lake Butler (US 216037), Scrapped by Ford in 1928. Palatka, Unvava, Bunting and Bunt- TELESCOPE August 177

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS

ing III. Scrapped in 1949. Had Lake Duane (US 215849). Sold Bel­ served for many years in the New­ gian, 1919, and renamed Roumanier. foundland sealing trade. Later names were Girasol, Vale, Heng-Shan, Furienne Consul ini and s. s. War Hound, 1917 Chicago by Chi­ Konie Maru. Sunk by “enemy” (USA) cago S. B. Co. (#84). Renamed action, 8-2-1944. Lake Huron (US 215788). Sold Bel­ gian in 1919. Later names were s.s. War Meteor, 1918 Manitowoc by Serbier, Cap La //eve, Binab, Ben­ Manitowoc S. B. Co. (#94). Re­ ito, Advance, Trojan, Trojan III named Lake Winthrop (US 216780). and Advance, In service as of Later Barbara (A. H. Bull & Co.) 1962. and Danish Norna, Out of Lloyds’, 1933. s.s. War Imp, 1917 Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering Works (#179). s.s. War Mist, 1918 Manitowoc by Renamed Lake Houghton (US 216051). Manitowoc S. B. Co. (#91). Re­ Stranded on Cranberry Island, Nova named Lake Greenwood. Rebuilt as Scotia, 6-11-1918. passenger ship Catherine for A. H. Bull & Co. in twenties. Later s.s. War Laurel, 1918 Chicago by Stratford, Catherine, Granton Glen Chicago S. B. Co. (#66). Renamed and Anne de Bretagne. Scrapped in Lake Clear (US 216199). Later Europe, 1955. (See illustration). dredge Sandcraft, on Great Lakes and on coast. Sunk in collision s.s. War Music, 1918 Ecorse by Great with collier Melrose in New York Lakes Engineering Works (#182). Harbor, 6-2-1950. Renamed Lake Owens (US 216169). Sunk by enemy action off Cornwall s.s. War Lily, 1918 Toledo by Toledo Coast, England, 9-2-1918. S. B. Co. (#145). Renamed Lake Cayuga (US 216365). Later Dorothy s.s. War Naiad, 1918 Ecorse by Great Wintermote. Stranded near Point Arena, California, 9.17-1938. Lakes Engineering Works (#187). Renamed Lake Hemlock (US 216261). s.s. War Lynx, 1918 Wyandotte by Engines removed by Ford and used Detroit S. B. Co. (#220). Renamed as barge on Great Lakes until Lake Felicity (US 216254). Later World War II. Foundered, Long Iberier, Norte and Tiete. Sunk in Island Sound, 12-13-1957. collision near Rio de Janeiro, 8-7-1944. s.s. War Oak, 1918 Cleveland by American S. B. Co. (#470). Re­ s.s. War Major, 1917 Wyandotte by named Lake Otisco (US 216040). Detroit S. B. Co. (#206). Deli­ Later Floreal, Nivaa, Usko and vered to Cunard before requisi­ Meero. In Lloyds’, 1940. Data tions began to take place. Later wanted. Ninfa (Italian 1535), Argia and s. s. War Otter, 1918 Superior by Pugliola. In Lloyds’, 1940. Lat­ Superior S. B. Co. (#531). Re­ er data wanted. (See photo.) named Lake Capens (US 216295). s.s. War Maple, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ Engines removed in 1928. Scrapped ican S. B. Co. (#728). Renamed in 1957. Lake Ogden (US 216093). Rebuilt s.s. War Palm, 1918 Wyandotte by in middle twenties as passenger Detroit S. B. Co. (#217). Renamed vessel Trujillo (Red “D ” Line). Lake Arthur (US 216036). Later Later Mexican Emancipacion, In Virginia Limited (Old Dominion service as of 1962. Line), Valentine and Sesostris. s.s. War Martin, 1918 Wyandotte by Sunk as hulk, loaded with gas Detroit S. B. Co. (#214). Renamed bombs for disposal, 1946. August TELESCOPE 178______

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS

s.s. War Pansy, 1918 Toledo by Tol­ Lakeshore (US 215651). Later edo S. B. Co. (#146). Renamed names were Olympic, Taganak, Olym­ Lake Chelan (US 216454). Sailed pic, Glento, Pilhamn and Lulu. In on the Great Lakes between the two service until about 1960, owned in wars. Scrapped in 1949. Lebanon. s.s. War Path, 1917 Wyandotte by s.s. War Signal, 1917 Superior by Detroit S. B. Co. (#210). Renamed Superior S. B. Co. (#529). Re­ Lake Placid (US 215656). Mined named Lakeside (US 215715). Sold and sunk off Binga Light, near Belgian, 1919, and renamed Sicil- Gothenburg, Sweden, 5-19-1919. ier. Later names were Koffie- handel, Cap Fedhala and Virginia. s.s. War Patrol, 1917 Wyandotte by Lasted until early 1950s. Detroit S. B. Co. (#204). Deli­ vered to Cunard before U.S.S.B. s.s. War Sky, 1918 Manitowoc by Man­ requisitions began taking place. itowoc S. B. Co. (#95). Renamed Sunk by enemy action near Pen- Lake Wilson (US 216959). Scrapped march, 10-18-1917. by Ford in 1928. s.s. War Penguin, 1917 Cleveland by s.s. War Song, 1917 Wyandotte by American S. B. Co. (#467). Re­ Detroit S. B. Co. Requisitioned named Lakeport (US 215679). Later by U. S. Shipping Board, 1917, but Danubier, Houthandel and Koshin later released to Cunard. Lost by Maru. In Lloyds’, 1940. Data enemy action off Ile de Si en, Bay wanted. of Biscay, 1-15-1918. s.s. War Poplar, 1918 Lorain by s.s. War Sphinx, 1918 Ecorse by the American S. B. Co. (#733). Re­ Great Lakes Engineering Works named Lake Wimico (US 216538). (#184). Later Lake Crystal (US Later Con toy and Blanche Sheridan. 216168). Engines removed by Ford, Scrapped in 1960. 1929. Foundered off Watch Hill, Rhode Island, 2-14-1946. s.s. War Raven, 1918 Cleveland by American S. B. Co. (#469). Re­ s.s. War Sprite, 1918 Ashtabula by named Lake Lillian (US 215901). Great Lakes Engineering Works Later named Bestum and Hai Jui. (hull #191). Renamed Lake Pleas­ Sunk near Shanghai, 12-1941. ant (US 216738). Engines removed, and hull lengthened to 316 feet by s. s. War Rifle, 1918 Toledo by Tol­ Ford, 1930. Repowered in 1943 and edo S. B. Co. (#142). Renamed later named Stamo and Adriatica. Lakebr idge (US 215796). Later Scrapped in 1956. Cascade, Worked in the Pacific Coast lumber trade until World War s. s. War Swift, 1918 Wyandotte by II. Sold foreign, 1940 or 1941, Detroit S. B. Co. (#218). Renamed and burned in Indian Ocean, 8-22- Lake Weston (US 216075). Later 1941. names were Panaghis Vergottis, s.s. War Satyr, 1918 Ecorse by Great Strand, Rondo, Salt, So lb itt and Lakes Engineering Works (#183). Fidelia. In service until about Renamed Lake Winona (US 216170). 1959. Scrapped by Ford in 1928. s.s. War Thrush, 1918 Wyandotte by s.s. War Sentry, 1918 Manitowoc by Detroit S. B. Co. (#219). Renamed Manitowoc S. B. Co. (#86). Re­ Lake Stirling (US 216135). Later named Lake Pewaukee (US 216226). Virginia Express (Old Dominion Scrapped by Ford in 1928. Line), Vera, Memphis and Cimbria. s.s. War Shell, 1917 Toledo by Tol­ In service until middle fifties. edo S. B. Co. (#140). Renamed (See illustration) TELESCOPE August 179

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS

s. s. War Trumpet, 1918 Ecorse by Sunk near Shanghai, 12-1941. Great Lakes Engineering Works (#185). Renamed Lake Allen (US s. s. War Victor, 1917 Manitowoc by 216194). Engines removed by Ford Manitowoc S. B. Co. (#83). Re­ and served as a barge on the Great named Lakeview (US 215774). Was Lakes between the wars. Lost by scrapped by Ford in 1928. enemy action, 10-3-1942. s. s. War Vigil, 1918 Lorain by Amer­ s. s. War Tune, 1917 Wyandotte by ican S. B. Co. (#732). Renamed Detroit Shipbuilding Co. (#207). Lake Harney (US 216573). Later Delivered to Cunard before U.S. names were Germinal, Mall, Irish Shipping Board requisitioning went Rose, Flamenco, Nizeta and Ati. into effect. Sunk by enemy action Scrapped, 1960, at Dar-es-Salaam. near Black Head, 12-19-1917. s. s. War Wren, 1918 Lorain by Ameri­ can S. B. Co. (#725). Renamed s. s. War Valour, 1918 Superior by Lake Como (US 216039). Later Beo- Superior S. B. Co. (#530). Re­ thic. Wrecked in Nova Scotia, named Lake Tulare (US 216066). 8-12-1942. Was engaged in the Later named Bestik and Hai Hsiang, Canadian sealing trade.

Lake Medford, photograph from the author’s collection.

The remaining requisitioned vessels may have been intended to be "Wa rs”, but as it was, they came out with various other names. These include quite a few ” Lakes ,” reflecting the in­ fluence of the United States Shipping Board. These follow: August TELESCOPE 180 _ _ _ ' pip ' TELESCOPE August 181

LAKERS OF WORLD WAR ONE: THE WARS s.s. Allette, 1918 Duluth by McDou­ Duluth by McDougal 1-Duluth Corp. gall -Duluth Corp. (#5). Renamed (#7). Later John J. O ’Hagan, Lake Markham (US 216587). Later Manomet, Aries, John J. O ’Hagan dredge Chicago. Abandoned and and Adelanto. Scrapped in the scrapped, 1941. fifties. s. s. Jean Duluth, 1918 Duluth by s. s. Lake Janet (US 216569), 1918 McDougall-Duluth Corp. (#9). Re­ Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering named Lake Indian (US 216290). Works (#196). Scrapped by Ford in Later Rose Murphy. Foundered off 1927. Sand Key Light, Florida, 1-25- s. s. Lake Lida (US 216277), 1918 1927. Manitowoc by Manitowoc S. B. Co. s.s. Lake Annette (US 216403), 1918 (#88). Scrapped by Ford, 1928. Manitowoc by Manitowoc S. B. Co. (#92). Scrapped by Ford, 1928. s.s. Lake Marion (US 216912), 1918 Ashtabula by Great Lakes Engineer­ s.s. Lake Arline (US 217059), 1918 ing Works (#195). Scrapped by Superior by Globe S. B. Co. (#104) Ford in 1927. Later J. Floyd Massey, Jr., Mono- moy and J. Floyd Massey, Jr. She s.s. Lake Medford (US 216924), 1918 spent most of her career on the Superior by Globe S. B. Co. (# Great Lakes. Scrapped in 1954. 103). Later H. J. Lawrence, El- wyn C. Hale, Ocean Dominion and s.s. Lake Borgne (US 216751), 1918 Alcoa Transport. Lost by enemy Superior by Globe Shipbuilding Co. action in the Caribbean, 2-10- (#102). Stranded and foundered near Brest, France, 10-22-1918. 1942. (See illustration.) s.s. Lake Pearl (US 216609), 1918 s.s. Lake Catherine (US 216528), Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering 1918 Toledo by Toledo S. B. Co. Works (#196). Scrapped by Ford in (#147). Later Oscar J. Lingeman, 1927. Aetna and Manasquan. Scrapped in 1946. Apparently laid down or s.s. Lake Portage (US 216409), 1918 contracted for as Arthur B. Lewis. Duluth by McDougall-Duluth Corp. (#4). Lost by enemy action near s.s. Lake Frances (US 216571), 1918 Brest, France, 8-3-1918. Toledo by Toledo S. B. Co. (#148). Later Lee Hwa. Scrapped in Europe s. s. Lake Sanford (US 217086), 1918 in 1954. Laid down as J. W. Mc­ Ashtabula by Great Lakes Engineer­ Grath. ing Works (#198). Scrapped by Ford in 1927. s.s. Lake Gardner (US 216811), 1918 Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering s.s. Lake Shawano (US 216278), 1918 Works (#197). Scrapped by Ford, Manitowoc by Manitowoc S. B. Co. ca. 1927. (#87). Scrapped by Ford c. 1933. s.s. Lake Geneva (US 216827), 1918 s.s. Lakeville (US 216890), 1918 Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering Works (#199). Scrapped by Ford in 1928. PHOTOGRAPHS ON OPPOSITE PAGE: s. s. Lake Washburn (US 216437), 1918 Above: Souk Ahras of Havre Superior by Globe S. B. Co. (# (photograph from collection 101). Later C. H. Lawrence, Jr., of author). Toyo Maru No. 6 (Jap. 32623) and Below: Lake Orange (formerly Toyo Maru No. 8. In Lloyds’ in Zenith City), photograph by 1940. Probably scrapped or lost courtesy of Don Baut. during World War II. August TELESCOPE 182

Institute member Conrad Milster took this photograph aboard the barge Lake Hemlock (the former War Naiad) while serving on her on the East Coast in the fifties.

s. s. Madon, 1918 Duluth by McDougall 372 x 44 x 25. Bulkheaded for -Duluth Corp. (#8). Renamed Lake canal transit. Renamed Florence Helen (US 216892). Later named H., 1917. Destroyed by explosion, York i (Merchants & Miners Trans­ Quibiron Bay, France, 4-17-1918. portation Co.); Skogvik and Kama. Hulk recently discovered and ex­ In service as of 1962. plored by scuba divers. (See s.s. Maski, 1917 Duluth by McDou­ illustration.) gal 1-Duluth Co. (#2). Later Lake- s.s. S. N. A. No. 4, 1917 Ecorse by moor (US 215770). Lost by enemy Great Lakes Engineering Works. action off Corsewell Point, Eng­ Sister vessel of Souk Ahras. Re­ land, 4-11-1918. named Lake Tahoe (US 215745). Later Evansville and Soriano. Out s. s. Muerthe, 1918 Duluth by McDou­ of Lloyds’, 1940. gall-Duluth Co. (#6). Renamed Lake Pepin (US 216718). Later s.s. Zenith City, 1918 Duluth by Mc­ Samoa. Sold to U. S. government, Dougal 1-Duluth Co. (#10). Renamed 1946. Disposition data wanted. Lake Orange (US 217171). Later John Gehm, Menemasha and John s. s. Souk Ahras (US 215643), 1917 Gehm. Scrapped in 1940s. Spent Ecorse by Great Lakes Engineering most of her active life on the Works (#168). “ Ove rsize” vessel, Great Lakes. (See illustration.)

(Part Four will appear in a future issue of Telescope) TELESCOPE August 183

Curator’s Corner

R o b e r t E. L ee

Nothing we have done in recent moval of some forty coats of paint. times seems to have created the ima­ The ceiling light is worth mention­ ginative interest that our pilot ing. You just don’t go out and buy house construction has aroused. We the kind of fixture we needed, and have been working out in the open we couldn’t find one. But, we re­ where visitors can watch, and we are membered that the old Detroit street sure that this “ exhibit under cars used the same kind of fixtures, construction” is the most attractive and we are also a railfan, so...the exhibit in the building at the mom­ light comes from an old Detroit ent. For, who is there among us who street car. We let you, and a hun­ is not, at heart, a “ sidewalk super­ dred or so railfans, in on the se­ intendent” (or should we in this cret, but don’t tell anyone. They case say “dockside superintendent” )? will never know. As the work takes shape, it begins The month of September brings up to make sense to the most casual of two professional meetings that may our visitors. Many old-timers have well interest some of our members. commented on the woodwork...the fin­ Any member that wishes to go to any ish. ..the shape...nearly any facet of these meetings would be more than of the job you would care to name. welcome, and it is for this reason Our greatest compliments come from that we pass the information along. those who remember the old days, and September 18 and 19, the Histori­ tell us it “ takes them back,” or in cal Society of Michigan annual meet­ words to that effect. ing will take place at Flint, Mich­ The entire interior is now done in igan. Interested persons can obtain a dark walnut (remember?) which is information from the Society at Lan­ being buffed to a dull luster. sing 13, Michigan. Then immediately Brass screw-heads shine in the win­ after this, on the 21, 22 and 23rd, dow posts, and in the molding above the Midwest Museums’ Conference will and below the windows. Special be held at Davenport, Iowa. While doors (complete with “ sheer”) boast we see little interest to members in panels with ornate cut borders, and this last meeting, it will include a a pair of brass door knobs, worthy steamboat ride on the Mississippi, of a mansion, finish the picture. so we are looking forward to it. We would also like to have any members The whistle pull is being reworked in the area look us up while we’re so it will accomodate a four-chime there. We don’t know yet which whistle which we will be able to hotel we’ll be in, but it won’t be actually blow. A spotlight handle difficult to find us through the is being shortened slightly to bring Chamber of Commerce. it into scale and will grace the white enamelled ceiling. A brass And that, to paraphrase a well- speaking tube with a crank “ razzer” known TV show, .was the month that signal is being shined up after re­ was. August TELESCOPE 1 8 4 ______

These photos, and the “blue­ print” on a following page, permit us a closer look at the Ford motorship Henry Ford II of 1924, described in our last issue. Bob Lee took these views on a trip with Ruth Lee aboard Henry Ford II last sea­ son. At right is a deck view at journey’s end, as electric unloaders at the Rouge Plant scoop out taconite ore. Below is the wheel house, the nerve center of a ship, with Captain Donald Erickson at the window and the mate on the radar (the wheel is almost out of sight at left). Thanks to Henry Ford’s insistence when the ship was built, the passenger lounge (opposite page, above) has the same “pilot house” view from one deck lower. Below on the same page is the passengers’ dining room, fin­ ished in rich wood panels (the officers’ dining room is an inverted duplicate on the other side of the ship). Sec­ tion views of her engine, a Sun-Doxford four-cylinder die­ sel, form our “blueprint” on page 186. TELESCOPE August 185 August TELESCOPE 186 ______

B L U E P R 1 NT: SEL ENGINE OF HENRY FORD II (From k ar i gineer irig, June, 1924, p.334

izZZzaazzz _ Fig. 1.—Longitudinal Section of Forward Cylinder Fig. 2.—Transverse Section of Forward Cylinder TELESCOPE August 187

GREAT LAKES MARINE NEWS

r

Robert Radunz, Editor, 3060 Coventry, Drayton Plains, Michigan Ed Andrews, Assistant Editor Please send news photographs to Gordon Bugbee, 442 Stuart Ave. , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007 Correspondents: George Ayoub, Ottawa; Leonard Barr, Algonac, Fred W. Dutton, Cleveland; Edwin Sprengeler, Milwaukee; Otto Strek, Detroit; Dan M. Weber, Toledo; Peter B. Worden, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan; and Richard J. Wright, Akron. August TELESCOPE 188 ______

GREAT LAKES AND SEAWAY NEWS

PHOTOGRAPHS ON PRECEDING PAGE: Buckeye Steamship Company’s sale of John T. Hutchinson to Bol­ and & Cornelius last year induced Buckeye to charter two re­ placements to augment its two-ship fleet of James E. Ferris and Henry LaLiberte. Ishpeming , seen above in Peter Worden’s photograph, was chartered from Cleveland-Cliffs, while James Davidson, seen in a photo by Leonard Barr II, came from the Tomlinson fleet. Both retain their owners’ colors, but have all black funnels. Wmmm

JUNE 17...Upper Lakes Shipping’s Another of last winter’s Wheat King was aground on Grays Reef seIf-unloader conversions in Northern Lake Michigan, and the was Canada St eamship Lines’ attempts of Coast Guard cutter Mack­ Hochelaga of 1949, seen above inac to free her were unsuccessful. in Peter Worden’s photograph. As is usual for seIf- JUNE 23...The downbound Norwegian unloader s, her pilot house freighter Stella Nova grounded in was given enclosed bridge the St. Lawrence near Alexandria Bay wings for an al1-weather view and ripped open her bow and double aft. Hochelaga was one of bottom forward. Damage was estim­ the six new Canadian upper ated at $250,000. lakes bulk freighters of 1949 JUNE 26...Flow of water from Lake to 1952 to come out with Superior past the Sault Locks will Skinner-Unaflow engines, as be increased immediately to help described in our last issue. alleviate low water conditions in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. The International Joint Commission said TELESCOPE August 189

GREAT LAKES AND SEAWAY NEWS that the additional water will raise project has been underway for more Lakes Miehigan and Huron about one- than two years, and will cost a tenth of a foot. total of $11.4 million. Work is JUNE 27...John T. Hutchinson will being done by the U. S. Corps of sail from Fraser-Nelson shipyard at Engineers hopper dredge Markham. Superior this week after her conver­ ...The Pennsylvania and the Balti­ sion to a seIf-unloader. more and Ohio railroads have pro­ ...Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. has posed cutting their export grain ordered a 710-foot seIf-unloader to freight rates from midwestern “gath­ be built by Port Weller Dry Docks. ering points” to East Coast ports; She will be a sister to the 680-foot if the lower rates go into effect, Cape Breton Mirier, and will join her they could have a serious impact on in trade from Nova Scotia to Lake Toledo’s future as a grain exporting Ontario carrying coal. port. JUNE 28...\ Federal judge has JULY 1...The prow of a huge ship ruled that the tanker Polaris was jutting into the St. Lawrence River about ninety per cent negligent in will be the symbol for Montreal’s its collision with the Soo Line World’s Fair in 1967. Bridge at Manitowoc on July 2, 1960. ...Rear Admiral Chester R. Bender, JUNE 29...A flotilla of four des­ U. S. Coast Guard, has taken command troyers and one submarine from the of Coast Guard activities on the United States Navy arrived in Mon­ Great Lakes. He will be in charge treal on an eight-day good will of the Ninth Coast Guard District, visit. The submarine is U.S.S. Cub- with headquarters in Cleveland. era, and the destroyers are U.S.S. ...Andrew W. Fleming, Executive Gearing, Mullinix, Ellison and Hol­ Director of the Detroit-Wayne County der. Port Commission, has been elected ...A Canadian transportation exe­ vice-president of the Council of cutive has proposed piggy-back truck Lake Erie ports. trailer service between Cleveland ...Two all-time U. S. Customs Ser­ and Canadian ports on the other side vice records were established in the of Lake Erie. Louis P. Mirando, Toledo District in June. Customs president of Uscan Transport Ltd., receipts soared to a record total of said that the four ships belonging $3,619,365 in the fiscal year ended to the McCarthy fleet and now laid yesterday. This figure was swelled up at Detroit could be used in this by a record one-month total of $574, service. Uscan is reported to be 154 in receipts collected in June. negotiating with McCarthy for pur­ chase or charter of the fleet. JULY 2...Canadian and U. S. Gov­ ernments have agreed to a two-year ...A total of four million pounds postponement in any change of tolls of flour is to be shipped overseas for the St. Lawrence Seaway. from the Port of Toledo for distri­ bution in Egypt by CARE. JULY 3...Idle saltie A. & J. Faith added to her misfortunes at Cleve­ ...Three members of the Toledo land when Mikagesan Maru of the Mit­ Port Authority trade mission have sui Line was carried against her by returned from Europe. They say that a wind gust, causing damage up to their tour, to promote the Port of $5,000. A. & J. Faith has been in Toledo, was a great success. the hands of the U. S. Marshal since ...The last phase of the Toledo May 29 when she was arrested for Harbor ship channel deepening pro- debts while preparing a voyage to j ect has been started. The whole Singapore. She will be sold at auc­ August TELESCOPE 190______

GREAT LAKES AND SEAWAY NEWS

tion July 24 to cover perhaps $1 ...The Seaway Authority has en­ million in bills she owes. gaged a Toronto firm of traffic and operations research specialists to ...CSL’s Whitefish Bay, stranded find out how to speed up transits on Whisky Island in the St. Lawrence through the Welland Canal. If they near Kingston since July 1, was set could cut five minutes off each trip free by six tugs from Kingston and through a lock, the consultants Montreal. Damage was unspecified, said, most of the waiting lines of but she was able to proceed to Mon­ ships would be eliminated. treal with her grain cargo. The salvage barge Mapleheath, in tow of JULY 9...Detroit’s port facilities the tug Graeme Stewart, en route to will be increasednext spring with lighter the grounded Whitefish Bay, the addition of a specialized cargo also went aground, on Wolfe Island handling operation expected to cre­ during a heavy squall, but was re­ ate 400 new jobs. The new terminal leased by other tugs. will be established in buildings at the foot of Clark Street, formerly ...The U. S. Lake Survey indicates occupied by Anaconda American Brass. that levels of Lakes Superior, Erie and Oitario continue to show im­ JULY 11...Lake Michigan has seen provement, but levels of Lakes Huron its highest water level of the year. and Michigan remain at record lows ...The cruise ship North American for this date. has been ordered sold at public auc­ JULY 4...Heavy shipments of iron tion in Erie, Pennsylvania, on July ore up the St. Lawrence Seaway and 23. After hearing a foreclosure ac­ wheat downbound pushed the cargo tion against a group of Erie busi­ mark past five million tons in June nessmen who bought her 18 months for the second successive month. ago, Federal Judge John L. Miller directed the U. S. Marshal to sell JULY 6. ..The U. S. lake freighter the North at auction. She was ar­ Carle C, Conway (b R. L, Agassiz a rested on June 26th. William A, Hawgood), formerly owned by National Steel Corp. of Cleve­ JULY 12...Chief Warrant Officer land, cleared the lakehead bound for F. J. Greenbrook, commander of the Japan. She will not be listed in Detroit Coast Guard Group, will re­ vessel passages through either the tire August 1. A thirty-year vet­ Sault, Welland or St. Lawrence Can­ eran of the Coast Guard, he has been als. Carle C, Conway was scrapped in Detroit since April, 1962. by the Lakehead Scrap Metal Co. and JULY 13...A group of Harsens Is­ loaded aboard the Chinese National­ land residents have started a move­ ist freighter Union Trader of China ment to revive the old South Channel Union Lines of Chilong, Formosa. at the lower end of the St. Clair JULY 8...Davie Shipbuilding Ltd. River as an alternate downbound of Lauzon is claiming an extra pay­ channel to the Southeast Bend Cutoff ment of $1,088,919 on top of the Channel. They say designation of $16,382,904 original costs of the the old channel as an alternate Naval supply ship Provider built for route would save time, avoid conges­ the Canadian Government. The extra tion at Southeast Bend, and provide amount is for work not covered by an emergency alternate route if the the contract. Cutoff Channel is blocked by an ac­ cident . ...Total tonnage handled by the Port of Milwaukee through June was JULY 15...Hearings on the economic four per cent behind 1963, but the impact of low water levels in the valuable cargo trade was 145% ahead. Great Lakes will be held July 24th TELESCOPE August 191

GREAT LAKES AND SEAWAY NEWS

by a Senate commerce subcommittee. JULY 28...More than a dozen ocean­ going ships have been waiting at ...Following a decision by Cana* Duluth-Superior for as long as three dian Department of Transport not to weeks to load grain. A strike by renew Eskimo’s charter for Arctic grain trimmers has halted shipments. supply service in summer months, Canada Steamship Lines will lay her ...Only one bid was received for up indefinitely at Sorel. A. & J. Mercury at the public auc­ JULY 22...Bethlehem Steel is fit­ tion held in Port Colborne, Ontario. ting out two bulk carriers, Daniel The bid was $180,000, offered by J. Morrell and Edward Y. Townsend at Grace Line which holds a mortgage on Erie for use about August 1. Nei­ her, and was refused as being under ther of them sailed last year. the appraised value demanded by the Exchequer Court of Canada. JULY 23...Hall’s Leecliffe Hall arrived in Montreal to complete a JULY 29...Goodtime, a 150-passen­ record-breaking two-way trip for ger diesel-powered steel boat, has cargoes carried through the St. Law­ begun daily trips on the Maumee rence Seaway. She carried a record River at Toledo. load of 28,300 short tons of iron ore from Seven Islands to Ashtabula, JULY 3 1 ...North American, one of and made a return trip from Fort the last cruise ships on the Great William to Montreal with a record Lakes, was sold at auction for $39, cargo of 924,577 bushels of export 000 to Security People’s Trust Co. wheat. The former Seaway records of Erie, Pennsylvania, holder of a were 27,470 short tons of iron ore $60,000 mortgage on her. The bank and 918,000 bushels of wheat. The says they expect to put her up for new wheat record also applies pre­ sale. sumably for the Soo, and her draft ...Robert M. Fraser, president of there was 25 feet 3 inches. Fraser-Nelson Shipbuilding and Dry ...Verne Kalt, a Toledo orchestra Dock Co., has been elected a member leader, passed away. He performed of the American Bureau of Shipping. on the famous Detroit River and Lake SEAWAT Erie flyer, Greyhound, for about Compiled by George Ayoub five years. MARCOS c Worldtrotter b Papachris- JULY 24...Interlake’s Samuel Math­ tidis Vassilios a Green Gables Park er came out of layup in June. ( launched as Fort Esperance) is sold ...Algoma Central has ordered a by Transfruit Shipping Co. Ltd. to new seIf-unloader from Collingwood, Marprimera Cia. Naviera S. A., both of dimensions 629 x 72. of Greece, and is renamed Esperanza. ...Papachristidis will get a fifth ST. MALO a James W. Fannin is sold 730-foot laker from the Vickers by the French Government to Cia. shipyard, with Seagrams as the “ an­ Santa Kalliopi S. A. of Panama and gel. " renamed Tegean. JULY 25...CSL’s latest addition to CARIBBEAN WAVE c Langeais b Ards- its fleet, a 730-foot bulk carrier, hir a Rainier, owned by Crestview was launched by Collingwood Ship­ Shipping Co. of Liberia, is convert­ yards Ltd. despite low water levels ed from a tanker to a bulk carrier of only 15^ feet. The successful and lengthened to 591.6 feet and her launching assured continued work for beam increased to 75 feet. Her new some 1000 workers who had otherwise gross tonnage is 14,140. She is now been in danger of layoffs. renamed Papadiamandis. Telescope

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