Etablierung Von Pflanzenzellkulturen, Isolierung Und Strukturaufklärung Der Inhaltsstoffe

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Etablierung Von Pflanzenzellkulturen, Isolierung Und Strukturaufklärung Der Inhaltsstoffe Etablierung von Pflanzenzellkulturen, Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung der Inhaltsstoffe Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades „Doktor der Naturwissenschaften“ am Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz Claus Cordes geb. in Harderberg Mainz 2001 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17.07.2001 Für meine Eltern INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I EINLEITUNG .......................................................................................1 1 Bedeutung von Pflanzen für die Medizin im Verlauf der Geschichte .....................1 2 Bedeutung von Pflanzenzellkulturen ..........................................................................7 3 Zielsetzung...................................................................................................................11 II MATERIAL.........................................................................................12 1 Geräte...........................................................................................................................12 1.1 Geräte, benutzt am Institut für Pharmazie in Mainz............................................12 1.2 Geräte der Firma AnalytiCon AG/AnalytiCon Discovery...................................13 2 Chemikalien und Materialien....................................................................................14 2.1 Chemikalien und Materialien, verwendet im Institut für Pharmazie in Mainz ...14 2.2 Chemikalien und Materialien, verwendet bei der Firma AnalytiCon AG/AnalytiCon Discovery...............................................................15 3 Pflanzen........................................................................................................................16 III METHODEN .......................................................................................17 1 Anlegen von Pflanzenzellkulturen.............................................................................17 1.1 Anlegen von Kalluskulturen ................................................................................17 1.1.1 Mechanische Vorbereitung des Pflanzenmaterials ......................................17 1.1.2 Sterilisation der vorbereiteten Pflanzenteile ................................................18 1.1.3 Herstellung der Schälchen und Auflegen des Pflanzenmaterials ................19 1.2 Erhalt und Vermehrung des Kallusgewebes........................................................20 1.3 Erstellung, Erhalt und Vermehrung von Suspensionskulturen............................21 2 Gewinnung von Pflanzenzellkulturextrakten ..........................................................21 2.1 Erstellung von Rohextrakten................................................................................22 2.2 Erstellung von zuckerfreien Extrakten.................................................................23 3 Isolierung von Reinsubstanzen aus Pflanzenzellkulturextrakten ..........................23 3.1 Isolierung von Reinsubstanzen in der Pharmazie in Mainz.................................24 3.1.1 Trennung mit Hilfe analytischer HPLC.......................................................24 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS II 3.2 Isolierungen von Substanzen bei der Firma AnalytiCon .....................................26 3.2.1 Probenvorbereitung für die semipräparative HPLC ....................................26 3.2.2 Trennung mit Hilfe semipräparativer HPLC ...............................................26 3.2.3 Untersuchung der Fraktionen der semipräparativen Trennungen................28 4 Strukturaufklärung ....................................................................................................30 4.1 Molekülmassenbestimmungen mit Hilfe der LC-MS-Technik ...........................30 4.1.1 Molekülmassenbestimmungen von Reinsubstanzen....................................30 IV ERGEBNISSE .....................................................................................32 1 Erstellung von Zellkulturen.......................................................................................32 1.1 Anlegen von Kalluskulturen ................................................................................32 1.2 Anlegen von Suspensionskulturen.......................................................................47 2 Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von Inhaltsstoffen der Pflanzenzellkulturen49 2.1 Herstellung der Extrakte ......................................................................................49 2.2 Trennung der Extrakte und Untersuchung der Inhaltsstoffe................................50 2.2.1 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Polygonum aubertii.................................51 2.2.1.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................52 2.2.1.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....52 2.2.2 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Epilobium angustifolium.........................53 2.2.2.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................55 2.2.2.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....55 2.2.3 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Bryonia dioica.........................................56 2.2.3.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................57 2.2.3.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....57 2.2.4 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Hypericum perforatum............................58 2.2.4.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................59 2.2.4.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....60 2.2.5 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Euonimus europaeus...............................61 2.2.5.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................62 2.2.5.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....63 2.2.6 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Galium odoratum ....................................64 2.2.6.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................65 2.2.6.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....65 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS III 2.2.7 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Forsythia viridissima ..............................66 2.2.7.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................67 2.2.7.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....68 2.2.8 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Syringa vulgaris......................................69 2.2.8.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................70 2.2.8.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....70 2.2.9 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Ajuga reptans ..........................................71 2.2.9.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................73 2.2.9.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....73 2.2.10 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Melissa officinalis ...................................74 2.2.10.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................76 2.2.10.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....76 2.2.11 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Rosmarinus officinalis ............................77 2.2.11.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................79 2.2.11.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....79 2.2.12 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Levisticum officinale ...............................80 2.2.12.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................81 2.2.12.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....81 2.2.13 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Bellis perennis.........................................82 2.2.13.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................83 2.2.13.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....84 Untersuchung des Extraktes von Taraxacum officinale ..........................................85 2.2.14.1 Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe .................................................................86 2.2.14.2 Identifizierung und Strukturaufklärung der isolierten Substanzen .....86 V DISKUSSION ......................................................................................88 1 Etablierung von Pflanzenzellkulturen ......................................................................88 2 Einteilung der isolierten Inhaltsstoffe nach Biosynthesewege................................89 3 Bewertung der Ergebnisse .........................................................................................99 VI SPEKTROSKOPISCHE DATEN ...................................................105 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS IV VII ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ..................................................................126 1 Etablierung von Pflanzenzellkulturen ....................................................................126 2 Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von Inhaltsstoffen der Zellkulturen ...........126 3 Abschließende Bewertung........................................................................................127 VIII LITERATURVERZEICHNIS.........................................................128 IX SPEKTROSKOPISCHER ANHANG.............................................138
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