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Otss: Oulu Traffic Simulation System FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Thang Luu OTSS: OULU TRAFFIC SIMULATION SYSTEM Master’s Thesis Degree Programme in Computer Science and Engineering September 2017 Thang L. (2017) OTSS: Oulu Traffic Simulation System. University of Oulu, Degree Programme in Computer Science and Engineering. Master’s Thesis, 56 p. ABSTRACT This thesis presents the design and the implementation of Oulu Traffic Simulation System (OTSS), a traffic simulation system for the City of Oulu, Finland. Following agent-based approach, the simulation generates artificial agents that represent the population synthesis of the City of Oulu. Data from several sources, including official statistics, government-organized open data and crowdsourced information were collected and used as input for the simulation. Two traffic demand models are presented in this thesis: (1) the random model which generates traffic trips as random, discrete events; and (2) the activity-based model which defines traffic trips as sequential events in the agents' day plan. The software development of the system follows the spiral model of software development and enhancement. During the implementation, several development cycles were conducted before the UML software design. The system was executed on two computation systems to test its real-time performance. To evaluate the traffic models, data extracted from the simulation was compared with aggregated survey data from Finnish Transport Agency and traffic count stations around the city. The results showed that a typical server is capable of running the simulation, and even though there were differences in the duration and distance of individual trips, the simulation reflects real-life traffic count significantly well. Keywords: smart city, smart transportation, traffic simulation TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ABBREVIATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 7 2. SMART CITY ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Smart City Definition ................................................................................... 8 2.2. Applications of Smart City ........................................................................... 9 2.3. Traffic Simulation ...................................................................................... 10 2.3.1. Definition ............................................................................................ 10 2.3.2. Examples of Traffic Simulation Systems ........................................... 11 3. TRAFFIC SIMULATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES ..................................... 14 3.1. Operating System Portability ..................................................................... 14 3.2. Package Documentation and User Interface .............................................. 14 3.3. Creation of Traffic Networks ..................................................................... 15 3.4. Simulation Output ...................................................................................... 15 3.5. Additional Capabilities ............................................................................... 16 3.6. Summary .................................................................................................... 16 4. DESIGN OF TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL ............................................. 18 4.1. Overview .................................................................................................... 18 4.2. Population Synthesis .................................................................................. 19 4.2.1. Household Size Proportion ................................................................. 20 4.2.2. Household Income Proportion ............................................................ 20 4.2.3. Household Type Proportion ............................................................... 20 4.2.4. Vehicle Generation ............................................................................. 21 4.2.5. Household Address ............................................................................. 21 4.2.6. Agent Generation ............................................................................... 21 4.2.7. Driving License .................................................................................. 22 4.3. Point of Interest Information ...................................................................... 23 4.4. Transport Network ..................................................................................... 23 4.5. Generating Traffic Demand ........................................................................ 24 4.5.1. Random Traffic Demand Model ........................................................ 24 4.5.2. Activity-based Traffic Demand Model .............................................. 25 5. SOFTWARE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ........................................ 27 5.1. System Description and Requirements ....................................................... 27 5.1.1. System Description ............................................................................. 28 5.1.2. System Requirement Specification .................................................... 28 5.2. Development Cycles ................................................................................... 28 5.2.1. Cycle 0: Feasibility Study .................................................................. 28 5.2.2. Cycle 1: Prototype Development ....................................................... 29 5.2.3. Cycle 2: Stability Improvement ......................................................... 30 5.3. System Design ............................................................................................ 31 5.3.1. System Architecture ........................................................................... 31 5.3.2. Class Diagram .................................................................................... 32 5.3.3. Sequence Diagram .............................................................................. 32 5.4. Interface to SUMO ..................................................................................... 34 5.5. User Interface ............................................................................................. 35 6. EVALUATION .................................................................................................. 37 6.1. Data Extraction ........................................................................................... 37 6.1.1. Data Extracted from Google Maps ..................................................... 37 6.1.2. Data Extracted from BusinessOulu .................................................... 38 6.2. Simulation Execution ................................................................................. 39 6.2.1. Evaluation of Agent Generation ......................................................... 39 6.2.2. Traffic Demand Evaluation ................................................................ 41 6.2.3. Computational Intensity ..................................................................... 44 7. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 46 7.1. Achievement of Objectives ........................................................................ 46 7.2. Limitations and Future Work ..................................................................... 47 8. SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 48 9. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 49 10. APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 53 FOREWORD This thesis was done at the Center for Ubiquitous Computing at the University of Oulu. I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Timo Koskela, Mr. Toni Alatalo and Prof. Timo Ojala for their continuous support during my studies and thesis. I am very grateful to Finland and especially University of Oulu for giving me the opportunity to pursue my master’s degree. Finally, I am thankful to my classmates in the CSE/UBICOMP International Master Programme in 2014. You made my European journey enjoyable and meaningful! Oulu, 06.10.2017 Thang Luu ABBREVIATIONS 3D Three-dimensional space GUI Graphic User Interface IoT Internet of Things ITS Intelligent Transportation System MATSim Multi-Agent Transport Simulation MovSim Multi-model open-source vehicular-traffic Simulator ODbL Open Data Commons Open Database License OS Operating System OSM OpenStreetMap OSMF OpenStreetMap Foundation POI Point of Interest SUMO Simulation of Urban Mobility TraCI Traffic Control Interface UI User Interface UML Unified Modeling Language XML eXtensible Markup Language 7 1. INTRODUCTION Since early 1990s, “smart city” has covered many aspects of everyday lives of urban citizens. One of its application is smart transportation, which take advantage of sensor networks, the Internet of Things (IoT) and other technical means to change the traditional transport system, and to establish the smart traffic management system to achieve the integration of urban planning, construction, management and operations. During the urban planning and transportation network designing phase, traffic management methods and algorithms need to be calibrated and tested
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