DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0236.v2 CHARACTERIZATION OF KERATINOPHILIC FUNGAL SPECIES AND OTHER NON-DERMATOPHYTES IN HAIR AND NAIL SAMPLES IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA Suaad S. Alwakeel Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 285876 , Riyadh 11323, Saudi Arabia Telephone: +966505204715 Email: <[email protected]> < [email protected]> ABSTRACT The presence of fungal species on skin and hair is a known finding in many mammalian species and humans are no exception. Superficial fungal infections are sometimes a chronic and recurring condition that affects approximately 10-20% of the world‟s population. However, most species that are isolated from humans tend to occur as co-existing flora. This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fungal species from the hair and nails of 24 workers in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Male workers from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were recruited for this study and samples were obtained from their nails and hair for mycological analysis using Sabouraud‟s agar and sterile wet soil. A total of 26 species belonging to 19 fungal genera were isolated from the 24 hair samples. Chaetomium globosum was the most commonly isolated fungal species followed by Emericella nidulans, Cochliobolus neergaardii and Penicillium oxalicum. Three fungal species were isolated only from nail samples, namely, Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Penicillium chrysogenum. This study demonstrates the presence of numerous fungal species that are not previously described from hair and nails in Saudi Arabia. The ability of these fungi to grow on and degrade keratinaceous materials often facilitates their role to cause skin, hair and nail infections in workers and other persons subjected to fungal spores and hyphae. Keywords: keratinophilic fungi, non-dermatophytes, mycobiota, hair, nails. INTRODUCTION and skin debris of dead animals (Bisen and Tewari, 2015). The Keratinophilic fungi are Fungi with affinities to attack basically saprophytes but occasionally becomes keratinized tissue are called "Keratinophilic potentially pathogenic to man and animals. fungi". These fungi are present in the The pathogenic forms of fungi are known as environment of all over the world, specifically “dermatophytes” and are known to cause in keratin containing habitats where humans superficial cutaneous infections and animals are living. The biological function (dermatophytoses) of keratinized tissues of of keratinophilic fungi in the soil is the humans and animals. Such fungi have better degradation of keratinized materials such as growth at temperatures of 25-28˚C with warm hides, furs, hair, feather, claws, nails, horns 3 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0236.v2 and humid conditions. Infections by fungi are Arabia, very few studies are available about relatively common in tropical countries due to the specific species that cause these infections environmental, social and economic conditions. and even fewer exist describing the species (Al- Superficial fungal infections are often chronic Sogair et al., 1991 and Venugopal, 1992). In a and recurring affecting approximately 10-20% study conducted among patients in Central of the world‟s population is affected during Saudi Arabia, T. mentagrophytes, Candida spp. their lifetime (Abanmi et al., 2008). Fungal and Aspergillus spp. were found to be the most infections of the skin, hair and nails are likely isolated species causing onychomycosis acquired via direct contact of other people, (Abanmi et al., 2008). Another study conducted infected animals or fomites (Alsheikh, 2009). in 2009 among patients clinically diagnosed Dermatophytosis can either be caused by true with dermatophytic infections in an Eastern dermatophytes (Microsporum, Trichophyton province of Saudi Arabia showed a variety of and Epidermophyton), yeasts (Candida), or species including Epidermophyton floccosum, moulds (e.g., Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton Fusarium) (Sahin et al., 2004). schoenlenii, and the non-dermatophytes In various geographical locations, Candida albicans and Fusarium (Alsheikh, several studies have been conducted on 2009) . Reports from Madina, Saudi Arabia characterization of fungi isolated from human (Hanafy, 2012) revealed that the most hair and nails. In Turkey, T. rubrum, T. frequently isolated causal agents of cutaneous mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum and T. mycoses were Microsporum canis (15.4%), violaceum. Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton metagrophytes (11.7%), and Epidermophyton floccosum, were commonly Trichophyton violaceum (11%). Screening for isolated from the hair and nails of students keratinolytic activity showed that M. canis and (Metintas and Kiraz, 2004). In northern Egypt, T. verrucosum recorded the highest value. In the most prevalent species included Riyadh City, Khaled et al. (2015) showed that Aphanoascus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Tinea capitis infection had the highest Paecilomyces and Chrysosporium (Gherbawy prevalence among the patients (22.3%) while et al., 2006). In Northeast India, T. rubrum, T. Tinea barbae had the lowest. The identified mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were also the dermatophyte isolates were Trichophyton common isolates (Sarma, 2007). In Northern violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Greece, dermatophytes including Trichophyton Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton rubrum (53.9%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes mentagrophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii, (17.6%), and Microsporum canis (22.5%) were Trichophyton concentricum, Microsporum the most common isolates (Nasr et al., 2016). canis, Microsporum audouinii and These studies demonstrate the wide variety of Epidermophyton floccosum. Non dermatophyte fungal species that exist as normal flora or fungi included 5 isolates from Aspergillus, 4 possibly as colonizing non-pathological isolates from Acremonium and 15 isolates from organisms. Candida. M. canis was the most common Although, dermatophytic infections species (25% of isolated dermatophytes). In are a commonly encountered problem in Saudi Hail region of Saudi Arabia, Moursi (2016) 4 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0236.v2 conducted an epidemiological study of MATERIALS AND METHODS dermatophytic diseases and found that 1) Collection of hair and nail samples: Trichophyton spp., are the predominant (82.11 Twenty-four workers in Riyadh, Saudi % of cases) followed by Epidermophyton spp. Arabia were recruited as participants between (16.55 %) but Microsporum spp., were the January and March 2016. Their jobs included lowest (1.34%). Among Tricophyton spp., T. construction, menial work and operation of gas mentegrophytes was more prevalent than T. and petrol stations. Most of the recruited rubrum (68.55% and 31.45%, respectively). workers had spent at least a year in Saudi More recently, Moursi et al. (2018) reported Arabia. We informed the participants of the that dermatophytes are the major pathogens aim and objectives of the study and obtained causing onychomycosis in Hail region. The written informed consent. The study protocol prevalent yeast was represented by Candida was reviewed and approved by the Princess albicans whereas the common non- Nourah bint Abdulrahman University dermatophytic mold was A. niger. Research Ethics Committee IRB No. H-01- R- The heterogeneity of the distribution 059. Hair and nail samples were obtained from pattern of dermatophytes in different parts of each worker using sterile instruments and the world has been attributed to various collection bags. factors, including climate, lifestyle, and the 2) Mycological analysis of human prevalence of immunodeficiency diseases in the hair samples: community, as well as the reluctance of patients to seek treatment because of i- Plating on Sabouraud`s embarrassment or the minor nature of disease Dextrose Agar (SDA) unless the condition became sufficiently serious Hair samples were individually placed on to affect the quality of life (Al-Sogair et al., the surface of Sabouraud`s Dextrose agar 1991 and Enugopal, 1992). Even fewer studies (SDA) which contained (g/l) glucose, 20, have attempted to understand the peptone, 10, agar, 20 and chloramphenicol, 0.5 heterogeneity of the commensal fungi of the according to the procedure described by Ellis region due to their relative non-pathogenicity et al. (2007). Chloramphenicol was compared to the bacterial flora of the human incorporated into the medium to suppress body (Efuntoye and Fashanu, 2002). Hence, bacterial growth. Cultures were incubated at this study was conducted to determine the 28°C for 1-3 weeks during which the growing diversity and distribution of the commensal fungi were examined and identified. Pure mycobiota from people living in Saudi Arabia cultures of fungi were kept on slants containing in an attempt to characterize, classify and the same medium for preservation and revision document these species and further understand (Efuntoye and Fashanu, 2002). their biology. The ability of some species to ii- Plating on sterile wet soil utilize keratin as an energy source i.e. The hair baiting technique originally keratinophilic fungi may aid in furthering our described by Vanbreuseghem (1952) was understanding of the interactions that
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gut Microbiota Beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Gut Microbiota beyond Bacteria—Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD Mario Matijaši´c 1,* , Tomislav Meštrovi´c 2, Hana Cipˇci´cPaljetakˇ 1, Mihaela Peri´c 1, Anja Bareši´c 3 and Donatella Verbanac 4 1 Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (H.C.P.);ˇ [email protected] (M.P.) 2 University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia; [email protected] 3 Division of Electronics, Ruđer Boškovi´cInstitute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-01-4590-070 Received: 30 January 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 11 April 2020 Abstract: The human microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem associated with many beneficial physiological functions as well as numerous disease etiologies. Dominated by bacteria, the microbiota also includes commensal populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. Unlike bacterial microbiota, which was extensively studied in the past two decades, these non-bacterial microorganisms, their functional roles, and their interaction with one another or with host immune system have not been as widely explored. This review covers the recent findings on the non-bacterial communities of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in health and disease, with particular focus on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Keywords: gut microbiota; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); mycobiome; virome; archaeome; eukaryotic parasites 1. Introduction Trillions of microbes colonize the human body, forming the microbial community collectively referred to as the human microbiota.
    [Show full text]
  • Fecal Microbiota Transplant from Human to Mice Gives Insights Into the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
    microorganisms Article Fecal Microbiota Transplant from Human to Mice Gives Insights into the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Sebastian D. Burz 1,2 , Magali Monnoye 1, Catherine Philippe 1, William Farin 3 , Vlad Ratziu 4, Francesco Strozzi 3, Jean-Michel Paillarse 3, Laurent Chêne 3, Hervé M. Blottière 1,2 and Philippe Gérard 1,* 1 Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; [email protected] (S.D.B.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (H.M.B.) 2 Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France 3 Enterome, 75011 Paris, France; [email protected] (W.F.); [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (J.-M.P.); [email protected] (L.C.) 4 INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne-Université, 75006 Paris, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-134652428 Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are associated with changes in the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota. However, the causal role played by the gut microbiota in individual susceptibility to NAFLD and particularly at its early stage is still unclear. In this context, we transplanted the microbiota from a patient with fatty liver (NAFL) and from a healthy individual to two groups of mice. We first showed that the microbiota composition in recipient mice Citation: Burz, S.D.; Monnoye, M.; resembled the microbiota composition of their respective human donor. Following administration Philippe, C.; Farin, W.; Ratziu, V.; Strozzi, F.; Paillarse, J.-M.; Chêne, L.; of a high-fructose, high-fat diet, mice that received the human NAFL microbiota (NAFLR) gained Blottière, H.M.; Gérard, P.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER 2017•Issue 2
    NEWSLETTER 2017•Issue 2 page 2 Deep dermatophytosis page 4 Deep dermatophytosis: A case report page 5 Fereydounia khargensis: A new and uncommon opportunistic yeast from Malaysia page 6 Itraconazole: A quick guide for clinicians Visit us at AFWGonline.com and sign up for updates Editors’ welcome Dr Mitzi M Chua Dr Ariya Chindamporn Adult Infectious Disease Specialist Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Microbiology Department of Microbiology & Parasitology Faculty of Medicine Cebu Institute of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Cebu City, Philippines Bangkok, Thailand This year we celebrate the 8th year of AFWG: 8 years of pursuing excellence in medical mycology throughout the region; 8 years of sharing expertise and encouraging like-minded professionals to join us in our mission. We are happy to once again share some educational articles from our experts and keep you updated on our activities through this issue. Deep dermatophytosis may be a rare skin infection, but late diagnosis or ineffective treatment may lead to mortality in some cases. This issue of the AFWG newsletter focuses on this fungal infection that usually occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Dr Pei-Lun Sun takes us through the basics of deep dermatophytosis, presenting data from published studies, and emphasizes the importance of treating superficial tinea infections before starting immunosuppressive treatment. Dr Ruojun Wang and Professor Ruoyu Li share a case of deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. In this issue, we also feature a new fungus, Fereydounia khargensis, first discovered in 2014. Ms Ratna Mohd Tap and Dr Fairuz Amran present 2 cases of F. khargensis and show how PCR sequencing is crucial to correct identification of this uncommon yeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Mycology
    INTRODUCTION TO MYCOLOGY The term "mycology" is derived from Greek word "mykes" meaning mushroom. Therefore mycology is the study of fungi. The ability of fungi to invade plant and animal tissue was observed in early 19th century but the first documented animal infection by any fungus was made by Bassi, who in 1835 studied the muscardine disease of silkworm and proved the that the infection was caused by a fungus Beauveria bassiana. In 1910 Raymond Sabouraud published his book Les Teignes, which was a comprehensive study of dermatophytic fungi. He is also regarded as father of medical mycology. Importance of fungi: Fungi inhabit almost every niche in the environment and humans are exposed to these organisms in various fields of life. Beneficial Effects of Fungi: 1. Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling. 2. Biosynthetic factories. The fermentation property is used for the industrial production of alcohols, fats, citric, oxalic and gluconic acids. 3. Important sources of antibiotics, such as Penicillin. 4. Model organisms for biochemical and genetic studies. Eg: Neurospora crassa 5. Saccharomyces cerviciae is extensively used in recombinant DNA technology, which includes the Hepatitis B Vaccine. 6. Some fungi are edible (mushrooms). 7. Yeasts provide nutritional supplements such as vitamins and cofactors. 8. Penicillium is used to flavour Roquefort and Camembert cheeses. 9. Ergot produced by Claviceps purpurea contains medically important alkaloids that help in inducing uterine contractions, controlling bleeding and treating migraine. 10. Fungi (Leptolegnia caudate and Aphanomyces laevis) are used to trap mosquito larvae in paddy fields and thus help in malaria control. Harmful Effects of Fungi: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Analysis of Dermatophytes Suggests Spread of Infection Among Household Members
    Molecular Analysis of Dermatophytes Suggests Spread of Infection Among Household Members Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, PhD; Pranab K. Mukherjee, PhD; Erin M. Warshaw, MD; Scott Evans, PhD; Neil J. Korman, MD, PhD; Amir Tavakkol, PhD, DipBact Practice Points When a patient presents with tinea pedis or onychomycosis, inquire if other household members also have the infection, investigate if they have a history of concomitant tinea pedis and onychomycosis, and examine for plantar scaling and/or nail discoloration. If the variables above areCUTIS observed, think about spread of infection and treatment options. Dermatophyte infection from the same strains may Drs. Ghannoum, Mukherjee, and Korman are from University be an important route for transmission of derma- Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Warshaw is from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Minneapolis Veterans tophytoses within a household. In this study, we AffairsDo Medical Center. Dr. Evans is from Notthe Harvard School of Public used molecularCopy methods to identify dermatophytes Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Tavakkol was from Novartis in members of dermatophyte-infected households Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, and and evaluated variables associated with the currently is from Topica Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Los Altos, California. spread of infection. Fungal species were identi- This article was supported by a grant from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Dr. Ghannoum has served as a consultant and/or fied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using speaker for and has received grants and contracts from Merck & Co, primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer Inc; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc; and Stiefel, (ITS) regions (ITS1 and ITS4). For strain differen- a GSK company.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unusual Haemoid Fungi: Ulocladium, As a Cause Of
    Volume 2 Number 2 (June 2010) 95-97 CASE Report An unusual phaeoid fungi: Ulocladium, as a cause of chronic allergic fungal sinusitis Kaur R, Wadhwa A1,Gulati A2, Agrawal AK2 1Department of Microbiology. 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. Received: April 2010, Accepted: May 2010. ABSTRACT Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) has been recognized as an important cause of chronic sinusitis commonly caused by Aspergillus spp. and various dematiaceous fungi like Bipolaris, Alternaria, Curvalaria, and etc. Ulocladium botrytis is a non pathogenic environmental dematiaceous fungi, which has been recently described as a human pathogen. Ulocladium has never been associated with allergic fungal sinusitis but it was identified as an etiological agent of AFS in a 35 year old immunocompetent female patient presenting with chronic nasal obstruction of several months duration to our hospital. The patient underwent FESS and the excised polyps revealed Ulocladium as the causative fungal agent. Keywords: Ulocladium, Phaeoid Fungi, Chronic Sinusitis. INTRODUCTION CASE REPORT Chronic allergic sinusitis is a common condition A 35 year old female patient presented to the ENT responsible for the development of nasal polyps, out patient department of the Lok Nayak Hospital, described as abnormal lesions that emanate from Delhi, with chronic nasal obstruction, excessive any portion of the nasal mucosa or Para nasal sneezing, nasal discharge and frontal headache since sinuses. They are commonly located in the middle several months. Nasal obstruction was of gradual meatus and ethmoid sinus and are present in onset, non progressive, more on the left side than 1-4% of the population (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Dermatophyte and Non-Dermatophyte Onychomycosis in Singapore
    Australas J. Dermatol 1992; 33: 159-163 DERMATOPHYTE AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE ONYCHOMYCOSIS IN SINGAPORE JOYCE TENG-EE LIM, HOCK CHENG CHUA AND CHEE LEOK GOH Singapore SUMMARY Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts. It is important to identify the non-dermatophyte moulds as they are resistant to the usual anti-fungals. A prospective study was undertaken in the National Skin Centre, Singapore to study the pattern of dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte onychomycosis. 53 male and 47 female patients seen between June 1990 and June 1991 were entered into the study. Direct microscopy was done and the nail clippings were cultured. Toe and finger nails were equally infected. Dermatophytes were isolated from 21 patients namely, T. rubrum (12/21), T. interdigitale (5/21), T. mentagrophytes (3/21) and T. violaceum (1/21). Candida onychomycosis occurred in 39 patients and was caused by C. albicans (38/39) and C. parapsilosis (1/39). 37/39 patients had associated paronychia. 5 types of moulds were isolated from 12 patients, namely Fusarium species (6/12), Aspergillus species (3/12), S. brevicaulis (1/12), Aureobasilium species (1/12) and Penicillium species (1/12). Although the clinical pattern and microscopy may predict the type of organisms, in practice this is difficult. Only cultures were confirmatory. 28% (28/100) had negative cultures despite a positive microscopy, and moulds (12/100) grown might be contaminants rather than pathogens. Key words: Moulds, yeasts, fungi, tinea, onychomycosis, dermatophyte, non-dermatophyte INTRODUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS Onychomycosis, a common nail disorder, is 100 consecutive patients, seen in our centre caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte between June 1990 and June 1991, with a new moulds, or yeasts.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Chromoblastomycosis-Like Cutaneous Infection Caused by Chrysosporium Keratinophilum
    fmicb-08-00083 January 25, 2017 Time: 11:0 # 1 CASE REPORT published: 25 January 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00083 Severe Chromoblastomycosis-Like Cutaneous Infection Caused by Chrysosporium keratinophilum Juhaer Mijiti1†, Bo Pan2,3†, Sybren de Hoog4, Yoshikazu Horie5, Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa6, Yilixiati Yilifan1, Yong Liu1, Parida Abliz7, Weihua Pan2,3, Danqi Deng8, Yun Guo8, Peiliang Zhang8, Wanqing Liao2,3* and Shuwen Deng2,3,7* 1 Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China, 2 Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 3 Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 4 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands, 5 Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, 6 Department of Nutrition Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan, 7 Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China, 8 Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China Chrysosporium species are saprophytic filamentous fungi commonly found in the Edited by: soil, dung, and animal fur. Subcutaneous infection caused by this organism is Leonard Peruski, rare in humans. We report a case of subcutaneous fungal infection caused by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA Chrysosporium keratinophilum in a 38-year-old woman. The patient presented with Reviewed by: severe chromoblastomycosis-like lesions on the left side of the jaw and neck for 6 years. Nasib Singh, She also got tinea corporis on her trunk since she was 10 years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Athlete's Foot
    South African Family Practice 2018; 60(5):37-41 S Afr Fam Pract Open Access article distributed under the terms of the ISSN 2078-6190 EISSN 2078-6204 Creative Commons License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] © 2018 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 REVIEW Managing athlete’s foot Nkatoko Freddy Makola,1 Nicholus Malesela Magongwa,1 Boikgantsho Matsaung,1 Gustav Schellack,2 Natalie Schellack3 1 Academic interns, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University 2 Clinical research professional, pharmaceutical industry 3 Professor, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract This article is aimed at providing a succinct overview of the condition tinea pedis, commonly referred to as athlete’s foot. Tinea pedis is a very common fungal infection that affects a significantly large number of people globally. The presentation of tinea pedis can vary based on the different clinical forms of the condition. The symptoms of tinea pedis may range from asymptomatic, to mild- to-severe forms of pain, itchiness, difficulty walking and other debilitating symptoms. There is a range of precautionary measures available to prevent infection, and both oral and topical drugs can be used for treating tinea pedis. This article briefly highlights what athlete’s foot is, the different causes and how they present, the prevalence of the condition, the variety of diagnostic methods available, and the pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of the
    [Show full text]
  • P2399 Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Dermatophytes in Clinical Specimens
    P2399 Lateral flow immunoassay for rapid detection of dermatophytes in clinical specimens Amanda Burnham-Marusich*1, Caitlyn Orne1 2, Alexander Kvam3, Heather Green2, Alexandra Myers4, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann4, Amy Crum5, Mahmoud Ghannoun6, Thomas Kozel1 3 1DxDiscovery, Reno, United States, 2University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, United States, 3University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, United States, 4Texas A&M University, College Station, United States, 5Houston SPCA, Houston, United States, 6Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States Background: Fungal skin infections affect approximately 1 billion people each year. Most infections are treated with topical antifungal agents. Other infections, e.g., tinea capitis and onychomycosis, require use of oral antifungal agents that may produce significant side effects in some patients. Laboratory confirmation of fungal infection prior to use of antifungal agents is recommended but often not done due, in part, to the time and cost of laboratory testing. The goal of this study was to develop a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Materials/methods: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2DA6 was produced from splenocytes of mice immunized with fungal cell wall fragments. Hybridomas were generated using standard methods. Results: A LFIA was constructed from mAb 2DA6 for detection of mannans of dermatophyte fungi in clinical samples. The antibody is reactive with the alpha-1,6 mannose backbone in mannans of fungi of the Zygomycota and the Ascomycota. However, mAb 2DA6 has an exquisite sensitivity for mannans of dermatophytes and the Zygomycota due to an apparent low level of side chain substitution found on these mannans vs. high levels of side chain substitution that occludes the backbone in mannans of other fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis FINAL PRINT
    Preface This study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) during November 2009 to November 2010. My supervisors were Professor Dr Arne Tronsmo and PhD student Md. Hafizur Rahman, Department of IKBM, UMB. I express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Professor Arne Tronsmo and Dr. Linda Gordon Hjeljord for their dynamic guidance throughout the period of the study, constant encouragement, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion during preparation of the thesis. I also want to thank Md. Hafizur Rahman for his guidance during my research work. Moreover I express my sincere gratitude to Grethe Kobro and Else Maria Aasen and all other staffs and workers at IKBM, UMB for their helpful co-operation to complete the research work in the laboratory. Last but not the least; I feel the heartiest indebtedness to Sabine and my family members for their patient inspirations, sacrifices and never ending encouragement. Ås, January 2011 Latifur Rahman Shovan i Abstract This thesis has been focused on methods to control diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. B. cinerea causes grey mould disease of strawberry and chickpea, as well as many other plants. The fungal isolates used were isolated from chickpea leaf (Gazipur, Bangladesh) or obtained from the Norwegian culture collections of Bioforsk (Ås) and IKBM (UMB). Both morphological and molecular characterization helped to identify the fungal isolates as Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea 101 and B. cinerea-BD), Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum Alternaria brassicicola, and Mucor piriformis. The identity of one fungal isolate, which was obtained from the culture collection of Bioforsk under the name Microdochium majus, could not be confirmed in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Mutants Resistant to Antifungal Compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen
    Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen To cite this version: Duy Vuong Nguyen. Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds. Mycology. Université de Lorraine, 2020. English. NNT : 2020LORR0045. tel-02940144 HAL Id: tel-02940144 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-02940144 Submitted on 16 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2-
    [Show full text]