Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Educação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Faculdade De Educação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Educação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO IVONE MAIA DE MELLO O SER-TEMPO EM D ŌGEN E A EDUCAÇÃO TRANSDISCIPLINAR SALVADOR 2009 IVONE MAIA DE MELLO O SER-TEMPO EM DOGEN E A EDUCAÇÃO TRANSDISCIPLINAR Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal da Bahia para obtenção do título acadêmico de Doutora em Educação, na Linha de Pesquisa Filosofia, Linguagem e Práxis Pedagógica. ORIENTADOR: Prof. Dr. Dante Augusto Galeffi. SALVADOR - BAHIA 2009 UFBA / Faculdade de Educação - Biblioteca Anísio Teixeira M527 Mello, Ivone Maia de. O ser-tempo em D ōgen e a educação transdisciplinar / Ivone Maia de Mello. – 2009. 154 f. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Dante Augusto Galeffi. Tese ( doutorado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Educação, 2009. 1. Educação – Filosofia. 2. Tempo. 3. Zen-budismo. 4. D ōgen, 1200- 1253 - Ensinamentos. I. Galeffi, Dante Augusto. II Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Educação. III. Título. CDD 370.1- 22. ed. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO IVONE MAIA DE MELLO O SER-TEMPO EM D ŌGEN E A EDUCAÇÃO TRANSDISCIPLINAR Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal da Bahia para obtenção do título acadêmico de Doutora em Educação, na linha de pesquisa Filosofia, Linguagem e Práxis Pedagógica. Comissão Examinadora: Data do Exame: 13/08/2009 Assinatura 1º Examinador: Dante Augusto Galeffi (orientador) – Doutor – UFBA 2º Examinador: Eduardo David de Oliveira Doutor – UFBA 3º Examinador: Teresinha Fróes Doutora – UFBA 4º. Examinador: Marcelo Pelizzoli Doutor – UFPE 5º. Examinador: Ana Kátia Alves dos Santos Doutora – UFBA 6º .Examinador (convidado especial) : Kyuji Igarashi – Roshi Zen-Budista – Sociedade Soto Zen do Brasil / Sangha Mahamuni – Japão. SALVADOR 2009 Oferecemos este trabalho para o benefício de todos os seres. Agradecimentos Neste momento sinto gratidão. Um sentimento que está ligado a tudo e a todos que participam deste caminho incessante de aprendizado. Sinto que realizo este percurso com todos os seres que de alguma forma, direta ou indireta, estão presentes, sabendo que este trabalho é um tecido feito de muitos fios e movimentos. Agradeço a Ryotan Igarashi Roshi pelo incentivo, apoio e coorientação oferecida durante este período de estudos e ao Prof. Dr. Dante Augusto Galeffi pelo acolhimento, orientação, amizade e oportunidade de participar das atividades ligadas à linha de pesquisa em Filosofia, Linguagem e Práxis Pedagógica, em suas pesquisas sobre a Educação Transdisciplinar. Agradeço à professora Noemi Salgado Soares, por sua presença e convites ao aprender a aprender, oportunidades preciosas de crescimento e amorosidade na relação com o educar. Agradeço também a todos os professores e professoras, à coordenação do PPGE, especialmente o cuidado de Kátia e Graça, aos funcionários e colegas que em diversos momentos me apoiaram compassivamente. Agradeço também à comunidade de prática Zen em Salvador, que propiciou oportunidade para a prática conjunta do Zazen; também sou grata ao apoio recebido das comunidades de vários estados, do monge Marcos Ryokyu e de todos os praticantes Zen que sustentam essa possibilidade aberta aos que experimentam o despertar da mente que busca o caminho. Por fim, gostaríamos de expressar minha profunda gratidão por aquelas que estiveram trabalhando intensamente para que este estudo fosse possível: em primeiro lugar, a Izabel, Iza e Irene, avó, tia e mãe, e ao meu pai Ivo, que ofereceram todo apoio para que, mesmo nos momentos mais difíceis, pudéssemos continuar, cuidando para que as ausências e contínua ocupação não prejudicassem as necessidades de Ianah e Iugo, meus filhos, a quem também agradeço a amorosa cooperação, paciência e compreensão durante todo o período. Agradeço o apoio de meu irmão Ivan, e da amiga Eline, que generosamente ofereceram seu cuidado em momentos especialmente delicados nesse percurso. Me vejo no que vejo Como entrar por meus olhos Em um olho mais límpido Me olha o que eu olho É minha criação Isto que vejo Perceber é conceber Águas de pensamentos Sou a criatura Do que vejo (Blanco – poesia de Octávio Paz, versão Haroldo de Campos) Resumo Este trabalho se constitui como relato de um percurso em que caminhamos através de uma hermenêutica em que estão implicados corpo e mente, aspectos teóricos e práticos, como parte de um esforço de conhecer a si mesmo através da leitura do texto. O pensamento de Eihei D ōgen remonta ao século XIII, no contexto de um Japão medieval, mas só recentemente suas ideias começaram a se tornar conhecidas fora do âmbito de sua escola religiosa. Para ele, estudar o budismo é tornar-se budismo. Não é valorizada uma apreensão intelectual que não encontre correspondência numa ação concreta, refletindo a apreensão teórica. Ao escrever, ele o faz a partir de sua própria realização dos ensinamentos e, ao ensinar, pretende que cada aprendiz encontre seu caminho próprio de realização. O educar se configura como expressão da concepção que assumimos, permitindo que as condições favoreçam a realização do que compreendemos como importante para nossas vidas. A compreensão do sentido de ‘impermanência’ em seu pensamento é fundamental para compreender sua visão do tempo. A contribuição de D ōgen, a partir de sua visão da impermanência, vai na direção de tencionar a contingência de forma profunda e radical, com uma disposição para aceitar, confrontar e encontrar liberdade em termos da própria impermanência mais o que de fugir dela. Para Dōgen, é inútil discutir o Tempo como tema filosófico separado de uma implicação na ação como resposta ao problema da impermanência. Nosso estudo articula momentos de investigação teórica da obra de D ōgen, aprofundando nossa compreensão acerca da ideia de Tempo presente em sua proposta educativa, com momentos dialógicos com a perspectiva transdisciplinar da educação. A dialética budista ressalta a importância da realidade, e de uma hermenêutica polissêmica necessária à sua compreensão como parte do absoluto. Neste estudo, trabalhamos com uma racionalidade que percebe uma relação complementar entre ciência e tradição, e que aponta para uma relação necessária entre conhecimento e sustentabilidade da vida, no sentido de que o saber deve estar em sintonia com a preservação das condições fundamentais de bem-estar e renovação da vida de todos os seres. A formulação do tempo como simultaneidade apresenta a natureza dinâmica do movimento como interconexão entre todos os seres, e a conexão entre os momentos como a interpenetração entre passado, presente e futuro no instante. Para D ōgen, o ser-tempo possui características de continuidade e de descontinuidade, simultaneamente. Cada ser é inteiramente o que é em seu instante absoluto e ao mesmo tempo está conectado a tudo que existe, através do ser-tempo presente. Temos então momentos do ser-tempo, descontínuos e uma profunda interconexão entre tudo o que existe. O ensinamento de D ōgen não pretende acabar com o problema da impermanência, mas levar a uma realização genuína, que penetre o sentido ontológico e existencial da transitoriedade. Sem chegar a experimentar esse exato aqui do tempo, esse exato ser do instante, a proposição é palavra morta, o ato educativo é alijamento do sentido profundo implicado no ensinar-aprender. Conhecer a intensa atividade da quietude silenciosa, no diálogo com o ir e vir da caminhada singular e coletiva, como proposta que assume coletivamente a habilidade de responder aos desafios presentes do viver, procurando compreender e integrar aspectos da impermanência, interdependência e simultaneidade nas elaborações que visam resolver os problemas colocados pelas situações cotidianas. PALAVRAS CHAVES: 1. Tempo 2. Budismo Zen 3. Eihei D ōgen 4. Simultaneidade 5. Educação Transdisciplinar. Abstract This research is constituted as a narrative of a path where we have walked through a hermeneutics in which body and mind are implied, theoretical and practical aspects, as part of an effort towards a self knowledge by the reading of the text. The thought of Eihei D ōgen goes back to the XIII century, in the context of a medieval Japan, but his ideas have only recently started to become known outside the field of his religious school of thought. In his point of view, to study the Buddhism means to become Buddhism. An intellectual apprehension which does not find correspondence in a concrete action, reflecting the theoretical apprehension, is not valued. By writing, he makes it from his proper accomplishment of the teachings, and by teaching he intends to lead each apprentice to find his/her own way of accomplishing. Educating turns to be an expression of the conception that we have assumed, allowing the conditions that favors the accomplishment of what we understand as important to our lives. The comprehension of the sense of “impermanence” in his thought is fundamental to understand his point of view over time. D ōgen’s contribution, based on his view of impermanence, trends towards problematizing the contingency in a deep and radical way, with a disposition to accept, to confront and to find freedom in terms of one’s own impermanence, more than to run away from it. For Dōgen, it is useless to discuss Time as a philosophical subject separate from an implication of action as reply to the problem of impermanence. Our study articulates moments of theoretical inquiry of D ōgen’s work, deepening our comprehension about the idea of present Time in his educative proposal, in a transdisciplinar
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