Classical Civilisation CIV1B Athenian Democracy Mark Scheme
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The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC. -
The Chronology of Ezra 7
THE CHRONOLOGY OF EZRA 7 A REPORT OF THE HISTORICAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS 1953 Prepared for the Committee by SIEGFRIED H. HORN, Ph.D. Professor of Archeology Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary and LYNN H. WOOD, Ph.D. Sometime Professor of Archeology Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Review and Herald Publishing Association Washington, D.C. Preface SOME YEARS ago the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists set up a committee, later called the Historical Research Committee, to study certain problems of historical dating that relate to prophetic periods, and to engage in scientific research where it seemed necessary. One of the problems studied by the committee was the date for the seventh year of Artaxerxes. The evidence secured, as set forth in the following study, furnishes indisputable proof that the date accepted by the early pioneers of the Advent message was accurate from a scientific as well as from a Biblical viewpoint. Since the committee members were occupied with regular denominational responsibilities, the work was necessarily carried on intermittently, with intensive work done by a few from time to time. Special tribute should be paid to Lynn H. Wood, a charter member of the committee, who has done most of the basic research on the problems involved in this report. He has contributed very important principles and calculations, and has indicated the direction the research should take and the probable methods by which the solutions might be found. Grace E. Amadon, who passed away in 1945, contributed also to the early studies, especially in Jewish calendars. -
EYAL MEYER, Cimon's Eurymedon
The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-TWO: 2018 NUMBERS 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson ò Michael Fronda òDavid Hollander Timothy Howe òJoseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 32 (2018) Numbers 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-two Numbers 1-2 1 Sean Manning, A Prosopography of the Followers of Cyrus the Younger 25 Eyal Meyer, Cimon’s Eurymedon Campaign Reconsidered? 44 Joshua P. Nudell, Alexander the Great and Didyma: A Reconsideration 61 Jens Jakobssen and Simon Glenn, New research on the Bactrian Tax-Receipt NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity. -
The 20Th Year of Artaxerxes
The 20th year Artaxerxes - Nehemiah 2:1 Abstract As the historical testimony of the prophets closes, we must weigh the evidence of Persian, Babylonian, and Greek sources to establish the date of the 20th year of Artaxerxes. The date 474 BC appears reasonable as Artaxerxes first year as the Persian “Governor beyond the River,” but not as the “Great King.” As a governor, he was a “king” (Basileus) over the Persian dominions of present day Cyprus, Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel. The Governor Artaxerxes would have direct administration of Jerusalem; hence, the 20th year of Artaxerxes (Nehemiah 2:1) ruling over Jerusalem is 454 BC. Both Persian and the Greek records speak of “kings” when referring to individuals who held governing authority, but were subject to the Great King. Since both Artaxerxes and his father the Great King Xerxes were both alive, a harmonized reading of seemingly conflicting history over the last two millennia is posited. Nonetheless, any “argument from silence” needs to be taken cautiously. Persian History Reconstructing Persian history would be straightforward if we could use Persian source materials. However, as a contemporary Iranian historian observes: “Persian history has always suffered from a lack of documentation. When documents are available, they are often difficult to read, and when readable they are not readily understandable. One must then speculate on its meaning and its implications. In this climate of uncertainty, irrational speculations can blossom…” [Soudavar–2012]. Records from the reigns of Persian kings Xerxes I (485 – 464 BC) and Artaxerxes I (465 – 424 BC) transition from clumsy, but enduring, clay tablets, to perishable parchment and Egyptian papyrus. -
Public Discourses and Public-Image Making in Periclean Athens by Ben
Public Discourses and Public-Image Making in Periclean Athens by Ben Petersen A THESIS Submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in History (Honors Scholar) Presented May 18, 2016 Commencement June 2016 2 3 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Ben Petersen for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Arts in History presented on May 18, 2016. Title: Public Discourses and Public Image-Making in Periclean Athens . Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Kevin Osterloh When one looks back on fifth-century Athens, one political figure stands out: Pericles. He is famous for many things but mostly the idealized version of him that one reads about in Thucydides. However, what most people do not know is that there was a counter-narrative to this well known account—the comic poets. This project has centered on the portrayals and depictions of Pericles in fifth-century Athens by both the comic poets and Thucydides as well as the complicated aspects of those interpretations. The chief claim of this project is that the image of Pericles, as found in the comic poets and Thucydides, is the product of political discourses taking place in fifth century Athens that were navigating the social, political, and religious implications of a new radical democracy and a growing Athenian imperialism. Pericles was neither all that Thucydides idealized him to be or the philandering tyrant that the comic poets cast him. Rather, the historian should liberate Pericles from the constraints of the ideal and lift him from the depths of parody in order to understand him in context of his own time. -
Theological Research Report
Theological Research Report Volume 1, Issue 1 June 2008 © Carl D. Franklin In Loving Memory of Dr. Charles V. Dorothy Permission is hereby granted to reproduce this publication in whole or in part provided that the copyright holder is duly acknowledged. Issues will be published periodically as time and resources permit. Donations toward expenses will be welcomed and should be made payable to Carl D. Franklin, P.O. Box 732, Dowagiac, MI 49047. Please address all inquiries, comments or requests to [email protected]. See end of this Report for e-mail requirements, phone policy and manuscript submission. Issued June 12, 2008 Theological Research Report--© Carl D. [email protected]. Volume 1 Issue 1 Page 1 June 2008 Introductory Notes June 2008 Dear Reader, The Theological Research Report is directed toward the interests and needs of Christian Sabbatarians and will present in-depth reviews, critiques, exegesis and original research of various theological topics including but not limited to church history, church government, history of church finance, covenant theology, historical prophetic fulfillments, Biblical chronology, Biblical archaeology, Sabbatarian liturgy, the Hebrew Calendar, healing and principles of spiritual growth. This first issue contains some of the initial findings of my research into the teachings of a formerly Sabbatarian affiliation, the Worldwide Church of God, in regard to the 70-weeks prophecy. While much was preached during the church’s history, little was written, and the few publications that were produced on the subject have no real depth of research to support them. No exegetical work is offered in the church’s publications. -
Introduction
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction ericles is a familiar figure in school textbooks and books on Greece. He Penjoys the rare privilege of, on his own, embodying a whole “age,” con- densing within his name the peak of Athens’s glory and the flowering of the first democracy in history. We know him from a bust made in the Roman pe- riod: the impenetrable face seems to defy the efforts of any historian. What angle can one adopt in order to apprehend this bust without prejudice? How can one suggest a new way of looking at a figure so often scrutinized? Con- fronting a monument such as this clearly involves a risk: that of wandering for ages over wave after wave of historiography, with the risk of never reach- ing a safe harbor. Method: A Biographical Inquiry Considered as an Odyssey Many a pitfall lies in wait for the rash or unsuspecting historian who launches himself into this adventure. First, he needs to steer between two symmetri- cal perils: idealization and its opposite, relativism. With the ballast of such a weighty laudatory tradition, it is hard for historians of Antiquity to ap- proach Pericles without eminently positive preconceptions. Since the nine- teenth century, this figure has often been regarded as one of the principal creators of the “Greek miracle,” the very embodiment of “an ideal of beauty crystallized in the marble of Pentelicus,” to borrow the famous words of Er- nest Renan.1 Pericles, at the head of a peaceful and harmonious city, appears as the model of a wise and incorruptible leader, just as he is portrayed in the laudatory portrait of him presented by the historian Thucydides. -
The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era
OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES General Editors Gillian Clark Andrew Louth THE OXFORD EARLY CHRISTIAN STUDIES series includes scholarly volumes on the thought and history of the early Christian centuries. Covering a wide range of Greek, Latin, and Oriental sources, the books are of interest to theologians, ancient historians, and specialists in the classical and Jewish worlds. Titles in the series include: Clement of Alexandria and the Beginnings of Christian Apophaticism Henny Fiska˚ Ha¨gg (2006) The Christology of Theodoret of Cyrus Antiochene Christology from the Council of Ephesus (431) to the Council of Chalcedon (451) Paul B. Clayton, Jr. (2006) Ethnicity and Argument in Eusebius’ Praeparatio Evangelica Aaron P. Johnson (2006) Union and Distinction in the Thought of St Maximus the Confessor Melchisedec To¨ro¨nen (2007) Contextualizing Cassian Aristocrats, Asceticism, and Reformation in Fifth-Century Gaul Richard J. Goodrich (2007) Ambrosiaster’s Political Theology Sophie Lunn-RockliVe (2007) Coptic Christology in Practice Incarnation and Divine Participation in Late Antique and Medieval Egypt Stephen Davis (2008) Possidius of Calama A Study of the North African Episcopate in the Age of Augustine Erica T. Hermanowicz (2008) Justinian and the Making of the Syrian Orthodox Church Volker L. Menze (2008) The Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor Torstein Theodor Tollefsen (2008) Augustine’s Text of John Patristic Citations and Latin Gospel Manuscripts H. A. G. Houghton (2008) Hilary of Poitiers on the Trinity From De Fide to De Trinitate Carl L. Beckwith (2008) The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era ALDEN A. MOSSHAMMER 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox26dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. -
Joshua's Long
Joshua's Long Day - Skip to the Long Version Joshua 10 10:12 "Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, sun stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, moon upon Ajalon. 10:13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down a whole day. 10:14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel." NASA states on their web site: "According to the laws of physics, there are only two possible explanations for having the Sun stand still in the sky for a day: (1) the Earth would essentially have to stop spinning on its axis...for which there is no evidence. -or- (2) the Sun would have to start moving about in the solar system in a very specific way so that it appeared to us on our spinning Earth to be standing still. There is no evidence of this occurring either." The Sun standing still at noon for Joshua for a day may have been produced by God moving the Sun around the Earth. The history and the working model are given here. God may have moved the sun around the earth with earth's rotation to make the sun stand still in the sky.