CODE POLITICS: PARTY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES Jared J. Wesley Department of Political Studies University of Manitoba
[email protected] For Presentation at: The Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario Please do not cite without permission. May 29, 2009 Abstract Similar in so many ways, questions persist as to why Canada’s three Prairie Provinces have developed such distinct patterns of party competition. Right-wing dynasties thrive in Alberta; Saskatchewan’s natural governing party is avowedly social democratic; while party politics in Manitoba remains relatively balanced between the forces of the right and left. This paper supplements conventional solutions to this “prairie paradox” - grounded in political culture and settlement patterns - with an ideational analysis of campaign narratives. This examination reveals that each system is focused around a unique provincial “code.” In Alberta, Social Credit and Progressive Conservative leaders have emphasized “freedom” over “security,” whereas New Democrats in Saskatchewan have stressed precisely the opposite. Successful politicians in Manitoba have steered a middling course, underscoring the importance of “moderation” in their campaign rhetoric. Cultivated by, and constraining, prominent leaders over time, these dominant discourses help explain the persistent differences between the three worlds of party competition in the region. Introduction Considering their many commonalities, the three Prairie Provinces ought to feature similar patterns of party competition. Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta are each separated by essentially artificial boundaries, their borders based on arbitrary longitudinal lines, rather than topographic or ethnic divisions (Elton, 1970). All three are associated with a common iconic landscape: one with vast stretches of prairie, bounded only by mountains to the West and the Canadian Shield to the East.