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Port Environmental Risk Assessment, Case Study: Port of Perama

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Port Environmental Risk Assessment, Case Study: Port of Perama International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 178 – No. 24, June 2019 Port Environmental Risk Assessment, Case Study: Port of Perama D. Lagoudaki N. Nikitakos D. Papachristos Dept. of Industrial Design and Dpt. of Shipping Trade & Transport, Dept. Industrial Engineering and Production Engineering University of University of Aegean Production West Attica Greece University of West Attica Athens, Greece Greece ABSTRACT 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Much of the world prosperity today has been produced or FROM PORT FACILITIES facilitated by seaports and their associated activities. In recent decades, ports have grown alongside the emerging global 2.1 The increase in international trade has led to a economy and global hubs for large-scale effective trade and corresponding rapid increase in the volume of goods shipping. Traditionally, port authorities were more concerned transported by sea. Despite the enormous growth in maritime about the impact of the environment on their own activities, shipping, most pollution prevention efforts at local, state and rather than vice versa. However, environmental issues have federal levels have focused on other sources of pollution, widened in scope and public awareness has increased, leading while the environmental impacts of ports have increased. The to the establishment of environmental organizations and the result is that the most major ports are heavy pollutants, establishment of rigorous environmental regulations to releasing to a large extent amounts of harmful atmospheric address the problem. The Municipality of Perama is located in and aquatic pollutants that are unmanageable, causing noise the south-western part of the Attica Basin and belongs to the and light pollution that disrupt the surrounding communities Regional Unity of Piraeus and is a city with a great and damage marine habitats. Through regular surveys, ESPO connection to the port and shipping. In a questionnaire shared and EcoPorts have been following the top environmental with workers and residents in the city, the majority of priorities of the European port sector since 1996. The respondents believe that the environment of the city of following table shows the changes in the environmental Perama is in poor condition but can be saved with a lot of priorities of ports from 1996 to 2017. Many of these reflect effort. Regarding the responsibility for environmental the prevailing political driving forces. Priority issues are pollution in the municipality of Perama, most of the responses changing over time, but some elements retain their importance were concentrated on the industries operating in the area as for the sector. well as on the operation of port facilities, and they consider Table 1: Top 10 environmental priorities of EU ports [1] that it is primarily the responsibility of the government to create a healthy and safe environment. Finally, from the 1996 2004 2009 2013 2016 2017 analysis of the measurements made in the city, we observe that Perama is a particularly vulnerable area in terms of both Port Garba develo ge/ Air Air Air marine and air pollution, with concentrations of some heavy 1 Noise metals and particulate matter exceeding the statutory limits. pment Port quality quality quality (water) waste Keywords Dredgi Garba Energ Energ Port, Marine pollution, Shipbuilding Zone, Air polution Water ng: Air ge/ y y 2 1. INTRODUCTION quality operati quality Port consu consu ons waste mption mption The ports, mainly due to the development of the Asian countries and globalization, have seen prime growth over the Dredgi Dredgi Garba Energ last decades. In strategically located points on the ocean, sea, ng ng ge/ y 3 Noise Noise river and lake coasts, in order to obtain the best possible disposa dispos Port consu access to land and floating waters, to satisfy existing l al waste mption commercial demand and to provide shelter from the wind and waves on ships, ports can either be physical units or artificial Relati structures that provide for cargo and passengers to be loaded Dredgi Dredgi onship ng: ng: with Water and unloaded. However, ports, and in particular industrial 4 Dust Noise ports, are heavy carbon dioxide producers (CO2), gaseous operati operati local quality particles (PM10) and other emissions and noise. (Harry ons ons comm Geerlings, 2017) Traditionally, port authorities were more unity concerned about the impact of the environment on their own Dredgi Garba Dredgi activities than on the contrary. In the 1970s and 1980s, even ng Ship ge/ ng: 5 Dust Noise with a growing awareness of the environmental check, dispos waste Port operati compliance with legislation remained the main guide for port al waste ons authorities to consider launching any kind of environmental management program. Port Relati Relati Garba 6 Air Ship develo onship onship ge/ 22 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 178 – No. 24, June 2019 pment quality with with waste Port The marina at Armos (land local local waste related) comm comm The Petroleum product installations unity unity The Piraeus Container Terminal (PCT) Port Port Specifically, at the western end of the waterfront of Perama Energ Dredgi develo develo Conta Hazar Municipality, behind the ferry boat line Perama city to y ng: pment pment 7 minate dous Salamis island, there is a small cove, which is the beach of consu operati (land (land d land cargo Perama and is surrounded by a small hill on which is the mption ons related related municipal swimming pool of the Municipality of Perama. At ) ) the edge of Perama beach there is a long pier used for Relati recreation of residents of Perama (the outer side), car parking Habitat onship as well as a marina and repairs of small vessels (the inner loss/ Bunke Water with side). The above place is the only place in which citizens have 8 Dust Dust degrad ring quality local access to the sea as well as along the entire vehicle main ation comm transit route from Perama to Keratsini city, Perama’s unity Shipyards are extended. After the Shipbuilding Zone of Perama, another small marina is being extended, in Armos Port Port Port location. After that, along the coastline and in a short distance develo develo develo from the houses of the residents of the Municipality of Traffic pment pment pment Ship Perama, the Oil companies with the Petroleum product 9 Dust volume (land (water (land waste installations are located. The last part of the port of related related related Municipality of Perama which extends almost parallel to the ) ) ) oil facilities are the Pireaus Container Terminal (PCT and OLP facilities) to N.Ikonio of Perama, which consists of three Port piers: I, II and III. Industr Ship develo Dredgi Climat 1 ial discha pment Water ng: e 4. QUESTIONAIRE 0 effluen rge (land quality operati change During the period 16/7/2018 to 30/7/2018 the questionnaire t (bilge) related ons was distributed to a sample of 50 people (permanent residents ) of Perama (42%), employees in the city (54%) and people who had no connection with the municipality (4%)) in order to investigate the prevailing view of how big the environmental pollution of the city is, and the extent they 3. MUNICIPALITY OF PERAMA consider it is influenced by the port's operation in the city. The The main environmental problems of the Municipality of questionnaires were distributed in a printed form, however the Perama are: data were being transferred to electronic files, so that they can be processed using statistical software. Specifically, we used 1) Air and sea pollution (ex PCT, Psyttalia, traffic the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) and, with congestion, shipbuilding, shipyards, etc.) respect to data processing, the appropriate method was 2) Labor and technological accidents (Shipbuilding applied depending on the type of each variable. The sample Zone, Oil Companies) was almost equal in both sexes (men: 44% and women: 56%). The respondents were all adults, and covered the age range 3) Noise pollution (traffic, Shipbuilding Zone, PCT) from 26 to 65 years. However, most of the questionnaires 4) Waste management (landfill transshipment station, belonged to the 26-35 age group (42%). In addition, most of Psyttalia) the respondents (60%) were married, with almost all the other unmarried (32%), with only one widow. As regards their 5) The lack of development of the ecological potential professional status, the most of them were public servants of Mount Egaleo (34%) and private employees (46%), most of whom were 6) The difficulty of joining the urban and social fabric either university graduates or holders of a postgraduate of the city of the newly-abandoned areas (Ano degree. The validity of the results was checked through the Perama) that were degraded by the regime. SPSS program and, in particular, the Alpha Crombach index. The audit was performed for all parametric queries, the results As we observe, most of the environmental problems presented of which were used in our research - with the exception of the by the Municipality of Perama are directly related to the port category of personal questions. For all the questions, the of Perama and its functions.[4] Alpha Crombach Validity Index was more than 0.7 which confirms the validity of our results. The Port of Perama city is consisted of the following: From the correlation of the personal data of the respondents and how satisfied they are with the environmental The Navy's facilities characteristics of the city of Perama, using SPSS program, The marina at the end of Perama city there is no correlation between these variables. However, we have come to the following observations: The Ferry Boat Terminal – Perama city to Salamis island Permanent residents and employees in the area are particularly in favor of their views on how satisfied they are with the The Shipbuilding Zone environmental characteristics of the city, with the exception of the city's highway quality, in which employees are more 23 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 178 – No.
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