TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Exhibition ...... 2 Introduction for Educators ...... 2 Educational Goals ...... 3 Educational Standards ...... 3 STAR TREK in Context ...... 3 Suggested Subject Area Explorations ...... 5 Selected Exhibition Walkthrough ...... 7 Additional Resources ...... 11

ABOUT THE EXHIBITION Created to honor the 50th anniversary of Star Trek, a story whose themes of optimism, equality, and heroism have inspired millions of people worldwide.

Star Trek presents a positive future—a utopia without poverty or war. In that future, all of humanity has set aside their differences and joined together in an extraordinary task: to explore the stars, meeting every challenge with bravery and thoughtfulness.

What began as a low-budget science fiction television show with modest ratings expanded into a franchise spanning seven television series; 14 movies; and thousands of novels, comics, and games. Star Trek has made a profound impact on our society.

Star Trek’s ideas and memes are now so deeply embedded in the fabric of our popular culture that even people who have never seen it can name key characters and recite its catch phrases. Star Trek inspires art, science, architecture, music, and literature. Star Trek is a language nearly everyone speaks.

Featuring 100+ props and artifacts from the five Star Trek television series and many of the films, this exhibition explores the themes presented by the franchise and its impact on the world.

 Exhibit interactives include: o Transporter simulator where visitors can create a film that shows them being beamed to another location o KHAAAAN! video booth where visitors can recreate the memorable scene from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan o Star Trek story generator where visitors can create an episode and learn about narrative o Dilemma stations o Oral histories

INTRODUCTION FOR EDUCATORS Star Trek is a vision of a better tomorrow. Although it is set in the future, its stories are relevant to today. Aliens who go to war because their skin colors differ serve as an allegory of the Civil Rights struggle. Planets being fought over by the Federation and Klingon Empire stood for nations in dispute during the Cold War. By putting these tales in an imaginary setting, Star Trek made tough topics more accessible to viewers.

At the same time, the makeup of the show’s cast demonstrated that the troubles of the 20th century could be overcome. Having Lieutenant Uhura—an African American woman—on the bridge showed an end to racism. Lieutenant Sulu, a Japanese American whose heritage makes reference both to World War II and the conflicts in Asia, represents how Earth can overcome war. Ensign Chekov, a Russian character, illustrates that even the Cold War could pass. At their heart, science fiction stories such as Star Trek are truly about what it means to be human and what type of people we hope to become.

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EDUCATIONAL GOALS The purpose of this guide is to help you engage your students in creative new ways through the integration of pop culture into English/Language Arts, Social Studies, Math, Science, and Visual Arts lessons. It is our hope that through attending the exhibition and studying the associated lessons presented in this guide students will be able to achieve the following goals:  Express the impact and influence of Star Trek on our culture in the areas of science, society, and entertainment.  Investigate how societal issues are presented in science fiction and fantasy texts through allegory and metaphor.  Identify themes present in Star Trek important to us today, and how they have changed over time.  Describe how Star Trek uses exotic aliens and their strange societies to explore and define who we are— and who we want to be.  Apply knowledge of story structure to better analyze multiple texts across genres.

EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS A selection of applicable standards for lessons related to the exhibition topics:

COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS FOR ENGLISH AND LANGUAGE ARTS corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy  Key Ideas and Details: o Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the text. o Describe characters in a story (e.g., their traits, motivations, or feelings) and explain how their actions contribute to the sequence of events. o Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., a character’s thoughts, words, or actions). o Compare and contrast two or more characters, settings, or events in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g., how characters interact).  Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: o Explain how specific aspects of a text’s illustrations contribute to what is conveyed by the words in a story (e.g., create mood, emphasize aspects of a character or setting).

STAR TREK IN CONTEXT The original Star Trek TV series aired in the 1960s, a time when the world was engaged in the space race and the United States was undergoing a period of cultural and social upheaval. The tumultuous circumstances created a receptive environment for a new kind of futuristic television show, one that spoke to the concerns of the times while depicting an optimistic future for humanity.

TV producer Gene Roddenberry combined the aspirations of early space exploration with the hopes of the Civil Rights movement to present a future in which the troubles of the 1960s had all been solved. Star Trek showed a

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world without racism, sexism, intolerance, poverty, or war. This vision of society would have seemed impossible in Roddenberry’s time, so he set it in an imaginary future, believing viewers would be more open to the outlandish ideas. Seeing a better future, Roddenberry hoped, would encourage people to make it real.

THE 1960S: EVENTS SURROUNDING THE RELEASE OF THE ORIGINAL STAR TREK SERIES

Date: Event: April 12, 1961 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to go to space 1961 Freedom Riders challenge segregation on interstate busses October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis nearly leads the U.S. and Soviet Union into a nuclear war April 1, 1963 Soap opera General Hospital premieres August 28, 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom closes with Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech February 9, 1964 The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show, watched by 73 million viewers March 2, 1965 United States begins bombing campaign against North Vietnam July 14, 1965 NASA probe Mariner 4 takes the first pictures of the surface of Mars September 8, 1966 Star Trek premieres on NBC Summer 1967 Race riots erupt in Detroit, Washington D.C., and over 100 other U.S. cities April 2, 1968 2001: A Space Odyssey premieres July 1, 1968 The Non-Proliferation Treaty enacted to contain the spread of nuclear weapons November 22, 1968 The Star Trek episode “Plato’s Stepchildren” airs featuring the famous interracial kiss between William Shatner and Nichelle Nichols June 3, 1969 Final episode of Star Trek airs

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ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT Project Gemini spacesuit cover layer, 1964 & Flag flown aboard the Gemini 9 mission in 1966

Taking place from 1965-1966, the Project Gemini was an early NASA human spaceflight program that helped to pave the way for the eventual moon landing.

The program was named after the constellation Gemini, which is Latin for twins, as the Gemini space pod would carry two people.

One of main objectives of the Gemini program were to observe the effects of long duration space flights on astronauts. During the Gemini 4 mission on June 3, 1965, Ed White became the first American to conduct a spacewalk.

Discussion Question: Do you think people are more or less excited about space travel now than they were in the 1960s? Why do you think so?

SUGGESTED SUBJECT AREA EXPLORATIONS The following activity ideas are meant to help you better integrate the content and themes found in Star Trek: Exploring New Worlds into your classroom lessons and support a variety of diverse learning styles (visual, aural, kinesthetic, tactile, socio-emotional, naturalist). Many of these activities could be used as pre/post-visit tie-ins to a museum visit. Each activity is followed by suggested subject area connections.

ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS Structure and Storytelling: The “Create an Episode” interactive within the exhibition presents the traditional story structure as proposed and studied by Aristotle and Gustav Freytag (see Additional Resources section for more information). Discuss as a class films and books that fit this structure and those that do not. Have students collaborate to create a story outline for a Star Trek episode that follows the traditional story structure, and present back to the class.

HISTORY, SOCIAL STUDIES Stellar Debate: As part of a project around debate or essay writing, choose several conflicts from Star Trek episodes and have students choose what side to represent. For example: Is it right to interfere with the development of other societies? Should robots have the same rights as people?

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MATH & SCIENCE Math: To give students practice using index notation and powers of ten, have them figure out how long it would take to travel from the Earth to the Moon using various modes of transportation including a car, airplane, NASA Dawn space probe ion drive, and the starship Enterprises warp speed. See Additional Resources for links to information on ion propulsion and a warp speed calculator.

Mystery Materials STEM Challenge: Discuss with your class the famous Apollo 13 lifesaving duct tape hack (see link in appendix for more details). Have your students work in groups to complete a mystery materials STEM challenge. Topics could include:  Making a paper airplane  Ping pong ball launcher  Rube Goldberg machine

Alternately, it could be adapted to any idea that would fit your current unit. Groups are given a paper bag full of various materials and a limited amount of time to complete their goal. Competition can provide extra motivation.

VISUAL ART & THEATER Star Trek Script Reading: Have students practice their public speaking skills by reading through famous Star Trek scripts. Review public speaking best practices and have a class critique on performances. A few episodes to consider from the original series: The City on the Edge of Forever; Mirror, Mirror; The Trouble with Tribbles. You can find a number of online resources related to best practices for public speaking as well as links to scripts in the Additional Resources section.

Out of his World Design: Have students choose one of the planets in our solar system to research. Based on the conditions of the planet such as radiation, weather, and temperature have students design a space suit for a human to wear on this world. Additionally, they could design:  A space station  Planetary living structure  Alien life form that might have adapted to this terrain

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SELECTED EXHIBITION WALKTHROUGH ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT

Captain Kirk’s command chair from Star Trek, 1966–1969

 In the center of the exhibition, you’ll find one of the most iconic and exemplary artifacts from the original Star Trek TV series.  Captain James Tiberius Kirk—commander of the U.S.S. Enterprise—gave orders, negotiated with aliens, and issued threats when needed from this chair.  This prop was used during the filming of the original Star Trek TV series from 1966–1969.  Initially not a great success, Star Trek gained a large following in reruns, becoming an international phenomenon. In the future world of Star Trek, humanity has set aside its differences to create a society based on equality and fairness. Together, the members of this society set out to explore the final frontier: outer space. The stories in Star Trek entertain, but also reflect our world and challenge us to reconsider our prejudices and assumptions.

Far-Out Facts:  The first captain to sit in this chair was actually Captain Christopher Pike played by actor Jeffrey Hunter in the pilot episode: The Cage.  Star Trek Set Designer, and eventually Art Director, Matt Jefferies was one of the primary individuals responsible for the creation of the chair. Jefferies is immortalized in the show by an Easter egg of sorts. The crew of the Enterprise occasionally must travel through the maintenance tunnels of the ship, which are referred to as “Jefferies tubes,” as a nod to Matt Jefferies. Don’t miss the chance to experience crawling through a replica of the Jefferies tube as part of the exhibition!

Discussion Questions: The premise of Star Trek is that the Enterprise is on a mission to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. They are however required by the “prime directive” not to interfere in the development of civilizations less advanced than their own. Is this morally right? Occasionally circumstances arise where this rule is broken. What are examples of how this has played out on Star Trek? What are examples of this happening in our own world? For an example of this from the show, see the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode “Pen Pals” S2E15.

ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT Uniform worn by Brent Spiner as Lieutenant Commander Data on Star Trek: The Next Generation, 1987–1994

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 Every incarnation of Star Trek features a character who is nearly human, but not quite. In the original series this was Mr. Spock, a Vulcan governed by reason and logic over emotion. In Star Trek: The Next Generation that character is Data. Data is an android who is brilliant but socially awkward. He is an excellent Starfleet officer, but can’t understand the simplest jokes.  Data constantly strives to be more human through his friendships and hobbies, such as painting. His strong desire to be like us illustrates the value of our humanity. These plot elements are used in many episodes to highlight these values and the conflicts surrounding them.  This is a screen-used costume, worn during the filming of Star Trek: The Next Generation between 1987–1994.

Far-Out Facts:  Also featured in this case is a painting of Data’s beloved pet cat Spot. Originally created by Paramount Pictures prop department, it is a combination of print media with hand-applied paint for texture. Data, in his constant quest to better understand and emulate humanity, was attempting to master all the styles of Earth painting. Done in the style of Pablo Picasso, this painting was featured in the seventh season episode “Inheritance” in which Data meets his “mother” Juliana Tainer, played by actress Fionnula Flanagan. This painting can be seen in later episodes as set dressing in Data’s quarters.

Discussion Questions: Should robots be given the same rights as humans? This is debated in the Next Generation episode: “Measure of Man” (S2E9). When a scientist wants to dismantle Data to learn how he works, a trial is held to determine if Data has any rights as a person. Captain Picard argues that although Data was manufactured, the fact that he is self-aware and strives to improve himself means he is conscious. Therefore, if he were viewed as property, that would be equivalent to slavery. The court agrees, granting Data the right to choose his own destiny.

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ALIENS OF STAR TREK: KLINGONS ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT Klingon warrior costume. Used in numerous Star Trek films and television episodes 1989–2005, this costume was designed by Robert Fletcher.

Starting as cardboard villains, Klingons evolved into one of the most complex alien races in Star Trek. In their earliest appearances, Klingons were an alien equivalent of the Soviet Union, reflecting Cold War tensions of the time, blended with hints of WWII-style fascism. Valuing only war and conquest, they always sought to expand their territory, and had an uneasy truce with the Federation simply because they could not defeat it. They were violent, brutish, and barely civilized.

In later incarnations of Star Trek, the Klingons’ warlike tendencies became tempered by a strict code of honor. Characters such as Worf in Star Trek: The Next Generation and B’Elanna Torres in Star Trek: Voyager were complex, fleshed-out characters. Klingons became nuanced, with elaborate social codes, admirable loyalty, and an appealing lust for life.

Discussion Question: What are some of the allegorical references in famous science fiction stories such as: Godzilla, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and Planet of the Apes?

ALIENS OF STAR TREK: THE BORG ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT Borg cube filming miniature. Used in the filming of Star Trek: First Contact, 1996.

The Federation’s greatest enemy is more like a virus than a society. The Borg are not a single species, but a collective of thousands of races. Borg are individuals who have been captured and “assimilated”—transformed into mindless worker drones filled with cybernetic implants. The Borg collective has one goal: to spread through space and absorb everything. Starships are dismantled and any new technology is immediately incorporated into the rest of the collective. The crew are turned into more Borg. Entire planets are similarly invaded, assimilated, and plundered.

What’s frightening about the Borg is not their violence, but the terrible logic of their undertaking. They are unhampered by empathy for other beings, believing their way is perfection. By incorporating the best tools, they find they are almost always more advanced than everyone they encounter. So they absorb one world after another. The Borg are, in essence, a virus that uses civilizations as its hosts.

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Discussion Questions: One of the biggest challenges the protagonists of Star Trek face are the Borg. In the Next Generation episode “I, Borg” (S5E23), the crew are faced with a difficult choice. They could infect a lone Borg survivor with a virus and possibly destroy the entire race of aliens, or they could peacefully allow him to return to his ship with the memories of their good will. Throughout the Star Trek exhibition are a number of “Dilemma Stations” that present difficult questions explored by the series. The recent outbreak of zika virus, spread by Aedes mosquitoes, presents a similar problem. Discuss with your class the possibility of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes (unable to reproduce) into the wild. Groups could research the pros and cons and present to the class (see Additional Resources for more information).

ALIENS OF STAR TREK: VULCANS ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT Tunic worn by Leonard Nimoy as Spock on Star Trek, 1966–1969. Design by William Ware Theiss.

The Vulcans were the first aliens that humans met in Star Trek, which was fortunate for humanity. Vulcans value science and learning, and have profound respect for life and other peoples. Above all, Vulcans believe in the power of logic. Any problem, they reason, has one perfectly logical answer. Because of this, and the fact that they claim to feel no emotions, Vulcans are often accused of being cold. That lack of emotions is a deception. Inside, Vulcans harbor a raging storm of feelings so intense, they must work constantly to keep them suppressed. The fact that they only mate once every seven years may or may not have something to do with this. Stories about a Vulcan struggling with grief or anger or even joy throw light on our own emotions and how we deal with them.

Spock First Officer of the Enterprise under Captain Kirk, Spock was the first alien on television who was more than a monster or comedic sidekick. He was also the first complex and fully-realized alien character in Star Trek. Spock established Star Trek’s tradition of featuring a character who is one step away from being human. His attitudes and feelings are constantly examined and analyzed by the humans around him, which sheds light on the human experience.

Discussion Questions: If aliens landed on Earth would they be peaceful? Why do we create so many stories about wars with aliens? On Earth, initial contact between different cultures and societies can be challenging. One can only imagine the issues that might be faced when coming into contact with a species from another planet. Are aliens always bad? Can you think of any instances where aliens turned out to simply be misunderstood, or even friendly?

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STAR TREK IN POP CULTURE ARTIFACT SPOTLIGHT: Foam Finger from Star Trek night at Fenway Park Sept 22, 2015. Star Trek and the Great American Pastime merged at "Star Trek Night" at Fenway Park in the fall of 2015.

The utopian vision of Star Trek sparks creativity and invention. Almost anywhere you look, in many areas of society, you can find connections to Star Trek. Scientists work to make its technologies real. Artists incorporate its imagery into their work. Musicians form bands in tribute to Star Trek. Countless television shows and movies reference Star Trek. Lawmakers make comparisons to Star Trek in policy arguments, and judges quote it in legal rulings. People remake their wardrobes, cars, and homes in Star Trek style. They create Star Trek crafts, fanzines, and terabytes of fan fiction. Businesses name products after Star Trek planets, and a tech firm even built its headquarters to look like the Enterprise.

Some of these efforts are amusing or even eccentric, but all show how much Star Trek generates passion and creativity. That passion is driven by the ideals Star Trek espouses and the positive future it presents. People who imitate and celebrate Star Trek value those utopian ideals and are trying to make our world a little more like that one.

Discussion Questions: What are other famous movies or TV shows that have had a strong impact on popular culture? In what other ways do fans show their interest and enthusiasm for these stories?

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES The below resources are provided to help you research and plan lessons related to the exhibition:

Apollo 13 – Lifesaving Duct Tape Space Hack sploid.gizmodo.com/this-is-the-actual-hack-that-saved-the-astronauts-of-th-1598385593

Build the Enterprise – A math and science-focused website detailing what it would take in the real world to build the original starship Enterprise. buildtheenterprise.org

Combatting Zika with Genetically Modified Mosquitoes motherjones.com/environment/2016/08/genetically-modified-mosquitos-zika-gmo

Crazy Engineering: Ion Propulsion for the Dawn Mission dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/videos

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NASA – Information on Gemini Space Program nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-was-gemini-program-58.html

Outdoor Trek – Star Trek theater productions performance in recreational parks (Seattle, WA) helloearthproductions.com

Mister Sato 411 Video on Plot, Story Structure, and Freytag’s Triangle youtube.com/watch?v=vcr-BJ4BkV8

Public Speaking Best Practices dce.harvard.edu/professional/blog/10-tips-improving-your-public-speaking-skills

Public Speaking Tips – Learning from TED Talks inc.com/ss/jeff-haden/20-public-speaking-tips-best-ted-talks

Star Trek Script Search scriptsearch.dxdy.name

Star Trek Script Online Resource st-minutiae.com/resources/scripts

STEM Engineering Mystery Bag Challenge Ideas childhood101.com/2014/08/create-an-engineering-mystery-bag-challenge-for-kids

Warp Speed Calculator anycalculator.com/warpcalculator.htm

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SUGGESTED SUBJECT AREA EXPLORATIONS – CREATIVE WRITING PROMPTS

Lesson/Moral Protagonist Antagonist Conflict Action Reversal What do the characters (and Who is the hero of the Who is at odds What is the What does the hero What new, surprising hopefully the audience) learn episode—the person or with the hero? antagonist doing that do to stop the information about the about society and group who faces the the hero disagrees antagonist or resolve antagonist or the hero themselves? challenges? with? the conflict? changes our understanding of the conflict? Communication can solve Captain Kirk a Klingon Stealing the run scans and the crew are puppets of many problems Enterprise perform experiments mind-controlling aliens Cooperation is better than Captain Picard a Borg drone Polluting their own infect the enemy It’s actually a Romulan fighting world computers with a plot virus All thinking beings deserve to Spock Khan Traveling back in travel back in time the aliens are just trying be treated equally time to change to communicate history How someone looks doesn't Lt. Uhura a crystalline life Attacking Earth with perform a Vulcan the captain has been show their true nature form a doomsday weapon mind meld replaced by a shapeshifter It’s dangerous to interfere in Captain Janeway evil Kirk from the Putting humanity on modify and upgrade the hero is actually on the affairs of another society Mirror Universe trial the warp engine the holodeck The needs of the many Wesley Crusher a Gorn Conducting capture an alien spy a computer is running outweigh the needs of the experiments on the things from behind the few… or the one crew scenes