DOCSLIB.ORG

Parasites of Domestic and Wild Animals in South Africa. Xxxi. Adult Ixodid Ticks on Sheep in the Cape Province and in the Orange Free State I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Parasites of Domestic and Wild Animals in South Africa. Xxxi. Adult Ixodid Ticks on Sheep in the Cape Province and in the Orange Free State I Onderstepoort J. vet. Res. , 59, 275-283 ( 1992) PARASITES OF DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS IN SOUTH AFRICA. XXXI. ADULT IXODID TICKS ON SHEEP IN THE CAPE PROVINCE AND IN THE ORANGE FREE STATE I. G. HORAK(1l and L. J. FOURIE(2l ABSTRACT HORAK, I. G. & FOURIE, L. J., 1992. parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXI. Adult ixodid ticks on sheep in the Cape Province and in the Orange Free State. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 59, 275-283 (1992) Four to 10 Dorper sheep on each of 12 farms in the Cape Province and 3 farms in the Orange Free State were examined for adult ixodid ticks at approximately 2- to 4-weekly intervals over periods varying from 4 to 18 months, commencing during January, February or April 1989. The farms in the Cape Province were located in the north-west, south-west and south of the province. Those in the Orange Free State were situated in the north-east and in the south. The sheep in the Cape Province harboured 10 species of ixodid ticks and the seasonal abun­ dances of Ixodes rubicundus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus gertrudae and Hyalomma truncatum were determined. The animals in the Orange Free State were infested with 7 tick species and the seasonal abundances of I. rubicundus, R. evertsi evertsi and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes were determined. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Sheep in sub-Saharan Africa may harbour adults Survey localities of many different ixodid ticks (Theiler, 1962; Yeo­ The farms on which the sheep were examined, man & Walker, 1967; Walker, 1974; Fourie, Horak the regions within which these farms are located and & Marais, 1988b; Horak, Williams & Van Schalk­ the vegetation types of these regions are summa­ wyk, 1991 ). They are, however, good hosts of only a rized in Table 1. few species. Three studies on ticks infesting sheep in South Survey animals Africa have recently been published. Fourie et a/. Four to 10 Dorper sheep, which were individually (1988b) recovered the adults of 6 species from identified, ran with commercial flocks of this breed sheep in the south-western Orange Free State and on each of the 15 survey farms. The camps in which descr!bed the seasonal abundances of Hyalomma the sheep grazed encompassed hilly and/or moun­ margmatum rufipes, Ixodes rubicundus and Rhipi­ tainous as well as level terrain. cephalus punctatus [then identified as Rhipicepha­ Tick collections lus sp. (near R. pravus)]. Horak, Williams & Van ~chal~wyk (1991) recovered 7 ixodid tick species, The marked sheep were examined at approxi­ mcludmg the adults of 3 of them, from sheep in the mately 2- to 4- weekly intervals for periods ranging north-eastern Orange Free State, and 15 species from 4 to 18 months, commencing in January, including the adults of 12, from the eastern Cape February or April 1989. Whole body searches for Province. They determined the seasonal abun­ adult ixodid ticks were conducted on these sheep by dances of Amblyomma marmoreum, Boophilus the owner, or a State Veterinarian, or a stock inspec­ decoloratus, Haemaphysalis silacea, H. margina­ tor. Ticks from each sheep were collected separa­ tum rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipice­ tely and placed in 70 % alcohol in marked vials. phalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus glabroscuta­ All the ticks were identified and counted under a tum and Rhipicephalus nitens on these animals. In stereoscopic microscope. The total numbers reco­ the third study Walker (1990) described Rhipicepha­ vered of the major tick species have been summa­ lus lounsburyi and Rhipicephalus neumanni and rized in separate tables for each species. The 3 also plotted their distributions. The latter 2 species Hyalommas have been dealt with in a single table parasitize the feet of sheep and other ungulates. and the minor species have been combined in The present paper describes a survey of adult another table. Where collections were made at suffi­ ticks on Dorper sheep on 12 farms in the Cape ciently regular intervals the seasonal abundances of Province and 3 farms in the Orange Free State. This the major tick species are graphically illustrated. If survey was conducted within the distribution range collections were irregular, or particular species of I. rubicundus, with the specific intent of determin­ occurred only in small numbers, seasonal trends for ing the commencement and peak of activity of this these species are mentioned in the text. tick at various latitudes in South Africa. The oppor­ tunity was also taken to collect data on the distri­ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION bution and seasonal abundance of other ticks para­ General sitizing sheep. Certain aspects of the methods employed in this survey can be criticized. Firstly various collaborators <'1 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderste­ were used to collect the ticks from the sheep, poort 0110 secondly the proposed collection intervals were not 21 < Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the strictly adhered.to, thirdly the total length and timing Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9301 of the collection periods were biased in favour of the Received 12 August 1992-Editor seasonal occurrence of I. rubicundus, and finally no 275 PARASITES OF DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS IN SOUTH AFRICA TABLE 1 The regions in which ixodid ticks were collected from Dorper sheep Fann Co-ordinates Nearest town Vegetation type Collection period Far north-western Cape Province Bovlei 30° 12' S, 18° 05'E Mountain Renosterbosveld Jan.-Oct.89 Olienfontein 30° 14' S, 18° 00' E Kamieskroon Mountain Renosterbosveld Jan.-Jul. 89 Outuin 30° 10' S, 18° 02' E Mountain Renosterbosveld Jan.-Dec. 89 North-western Cape Province Diepvlei 31 ° 40' S, 18° 50' E Succulent Karoo Jan.-Jul. 89 Gifberg 31 ° 47'S, 18° 40' E Vanrhyns- Succulent Karoo Jan.-Oct. 89 dorp Kantoorshoek 31 ° 47' S,18° 45' E Succulent Karoo Jan.89-Feb. 90 South-western Cape Province Pienaarskloof 33°13'S, 20° 02'E Touwsrivier Macchia Jan.89-Jun.90 Rheeboksfontein 33° 44'S,20° 32'E Barrydale Karroid Broken Veld Apr. 89-Jun. 90 Sandfontein 34° 05'S,20° 03' E Bonnievale Karroid Broken Veld Jan. 89-Feb.90 Southern Cape Province Dieniedouw 33° 27'S, 23° 52' E False Macchia Jan.-May89 Klipfontein 33° 20' S,23° 19'E Willow more Karroid Broken Veld Feb.-May89 The Knolls 33° 26'S, 23° 40' E False Macchia Feb.-Jun. 89. Southern Orange Free State Goedemoed 30°35'S,26° 20'E Bethulie False Upper Karoo Feb.89-Jan. 90 N~stern Orange Free State Driefontein 28° 09' S, 27" 59' E Cymbopongon-Themeda Feb.-Nov. 89 Veld Palmietfontein 28° 19' S, 27" 57' E Paul Roux Cymbopogon-Themeda Feb.- Nov. 89 Veld attempt was made to collect immature ticks. The greatest total numbers of ticks were recov­ Nevertheless valuable data on adult ticks infesting ered from sheep on farms in the far north-western, sheep in several regions of South Africa were ob­ the north-western and the southern Cape Province. tained. These include new locality records for a number of species, the commencement of activity The distribution of this tick has recently been re­ and months of peak abundance of I. rubicundus at viewed by Spickett & Heyne (1988). The farms in the different latitudes, and the determination of the current survey lie within or on the fringes of its seasonal abundance of adult Rhipicephalus gertru­ previously known distribution range. It may be intro­ dae in this country. duced to new localities by the large-scale transpor­ A total of 10 ixodid tick species were recovered tation of sheep from infested regions to biotically from the sheep in the Cape Province. Of these /. suitable, uninfested regions in the autumn and rubicundus, R. evertsi evertsi, R. gertrudae and winter months when the adult ticks are present on Hyalomma truncatum can be considered major the animals. species. The sheep in the Orange Free State har­ boured 7 tick species of which /. rubicundus, R. ev­ With the possible exception of the north-eastern ertsi evertsi and H. marginatum rufipes were the Orange Free State, the numbers of ticks recovered most numerous. Fourie et at. (1988b), Walker from sheep from one or more farms in each of the (1990) and Horak, Williams & Van Schalkwyk (1991) regions sampled indicate that these localities are all recorded a total of 22 species on sheep in the Cape suitable for I. rubicundus. Excluding the south­ Province and the Orange Free State during their western Cape Province and the north-eastern recent investigations. To these can now be added Orange Free State, /. rubicundus was the numeri­ Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, Rhipicephalus cally dominant species in each of the regions. The follis and R. gertrudae. disparity in the sex ratio (562 males to 2 449 females) is characteristic for this species, in which Ixodes rubicundus mating generally occurs off the host (Fourie et at., The preferred domesticated hosts of adults of this 1988b). In addition those males which may be species are sheep (Stampa, 1959; Fourie & Horak, present on the host are seldom attached, and hence 1991 ) while the wild hosts are mountain reedbuck, could have been overlooked during sampling. eland and caracals (Horak, Moolman & Fourie, 1987). The preferred hosts of the immature stages The seasonal abundances of I. rubicundus on are rock elephant shrews and red rock rabbits and sheep on "Bovlei" plus " Outuin" in the far north­ possibly also caracals (Stampa, 1959; Horak et at., western Cape Province; on all 3 farms in the north­ 1987; .Fourie, Horak & Van den Heever, 1992). The western Cape Province; on all 3 farms in the south­ numbers of ticks recovered from the sheep on the western Cape Province; and on "Goedemoed" in various farms in the present survey are summarized the southern Orange Free State are illustrated in inTable2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distribution, Utilization and Management of the Extra-Limital Common Warthog (Phacochoerus Africanus) in South Africa
    Distribution, utilization and management of the extra-limital common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) in South Africa Monlee Swanepoel Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Conservation Ecology and Entomology) in the Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University Promoter: Prof Louwrens C. Hoffman Co-Promoter: Dr. Alison J. Leslie March 2016 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained herein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, for obtaining any qualification. Date: March 2016 Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements I wish to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the following persons and institutions: My supervisors, Dr. Alison J. Leslie and Prof. Louwrens C. Hoffman for invaluable assistance, expertise, contribution and support and patience. The Meat Science team of Department of Animal Sciences at Stellenbosch University, including the technical and support staff for their extensive assistance, support and encouragement Academics, staff and colleagues of this institution and others for their contribution and assistance. An especial thank you to Prof. Martin Kidd, Marieta van der Rijst, Nina Muller, Erika Moelich, Lisa Uys, Gail Jordaan, Greta Geldenhuys, Michael Mlambo, Janine Booyse, Cheryl Muller, John Achilles, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and the Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa
    Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:45–72 (2007) Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa J.M. OLWOCH1*, A.S. VAN JAARSVELD2, C.H. SCHOLTZ3 and I.G. HORAK4 ABSTRACT OLWOCH, J.M., VAN JAARSVELD, A.S., SCHOLTZ, C.H. & HORAK, I.G. 2007. Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:45–72 The suitability of present and future climates for 30 Rhipicephalus species in Africa are predicted us- ing a simple climate envelope model as well as a Division of Atmospheric Research Limited-Area Model (DARLAM). DARLAM’s predictions are compared with the mean outcome from two global cir- culation models. East Africa and South Africa are considered the most vulnerable regions on the continent to climate-induced changes in tick distributions and tick-borne diseases. More than 50 % of the species examined show potential range expansion and more than 70 % of this range expansion is found in economically important tick species. More than 20 % of the species experienced range shifts of between 50 and 100 %. There is also an increase in tick species richness in the south-western re- gions of the sub-continent. Actual range alterations due to climate change may be even greater since factors like land degradation and human population increase have not been included in this modelling process. However, these predictions are also subject to the effect that climate change may have on the hosts of the ticks, particularly those that favour a restricted range of hosts. Where possible, the anticipated biological implications of the predicted changes are explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks Associated with the Three Largest Wild Ruminant Species in Southern Africa
    Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:231–242 (2007) Ticks associated with the three largest wild ruminant species in southern Africa I.G. HORAK1*, H. GOLEZARDY2 and A.C. UYS2 ABSTRACT HORAK, I.G., GOLEZARDY, H. & UYS, A.C. 2007. Ticks associated with the three largest wild rumi- nant species in southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74:231–242 The objective of this study was to assess the host status of the three largest southern African wild ruminants, namely giraffes, Giraffa camelopardalis, African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, and eland, Taurotragus oryx for ixodid ticks. To this end recently acquired unpublished data are added here to already published findings on the tick burdens of these animals, and the total numbers and species of ticks recorded on 12 giraffes, 18 buffaloes and 36 eland are summarized and discussed. Twenty-eight ixodid tick species were recovered. All stages of development of ten species, namely Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Haemaphysalis silacea, Ixodes pilosus group, Margaropus winthemi, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum, Rhipicephalus maculatus and Rhipicephalus muehlensi were collected. The adults of 13 species, of which the immature stages use small mammals as hosts, namely Haemaphysalis aciculifer, Hyalomma glabrum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes rubi- cundus, Rhipicephalus capensis, Rhipicephalus exophthalmos, Rhipicephalus follis, Rhipicephalus gertrudae, Rhipicephalus
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2017/133938 A2 10 August 2017 (10.08.2017) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/133938 A2 10 August 2017 (10.08.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, C07K 14/705 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, (21) International Application Number: MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, PCT/EP20 17/05 1492 NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (22) International Filing Date: RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, 25 January 20 17 (25.01 .2017) TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 16153550.5 1 February 2016 (01.02.2016) EP TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicant: BAYER ANIMAL HEALTH GMBH DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, [DE/DE]; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 10, 51373 Leverkusen LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (DE).
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Interplay of Game and Livestock
    University of Neuchâtel Faculty of Sciences Institute of Biology Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology Ticks and tick-borne pathogens at the interplay of game and livestock animals in South Africa Thesis presented to the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Neuchâtel for the Degree of Doctor of Sciences by Mirko Berggoetz Members of the Jury: Prof. Lise Gern (Thesis Director); Prof. Patrick Guerin (University of Neuchâtel); Prof. Lorenza Beati (Southern University, Georgia); Prof. Kurt Pfister (University of Munich); Dr Heinz Sager (Novartis Saint-Aubin) Index 1 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 9 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Tick biology ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.1 Rhipicephalus species ......................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 Amblyomma species........................................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Hyalomma species ............................................................................................. 19 2.1.4 Haemaphysalis species ....................................................................................... 19 2.1.5 Ixodes species ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Seasonal Activity of Adult Ixodid Ticks on Angora Goats in the South Western Orange Free State
    ArticlelArtikel THE SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF ADULT IXODID TICKS ON ANGORA GOATS IN THE SOUTH WESTERN ORANGE FREE STATE L J FOURIE* and I G HOR4-K** ewes on the farm kidded and their kids became the fourth group. During March ABSTRACT 1989 the young wethers were excluded Adult btodid ticks were collected at 2·weekly intervals for a period of23 from the study and the kids born during consecutive months from 15 to 20 Angora goats on a farm in the south the previous year were then considered as western Orange Free State. A total of 6 ixodid tick spedes were the young goat group. Angora ewes on recovered. Rhipicephalus p:unctatus was tbe most abundant and the farm kidded again during December prevalent tick, It was present from spring to late summer. Ixodes 1989, and the first observations on the se­ cond group of kids were made during rubicundus .'WUtbene~t most abUlldant tlck and was present mainly frOln March or April July with peak numbers present in April or January 1990. to Five animals belonging to each of the 3 May. The onset of this tick's activity appeared to be stimulated by low or 4 survey groups were examined for atmospheric temperatures. ticks at 2-weekly intervals from March 1988 to January 1990. Each body region Key words: Angora goats, ixodid ticks., seasonal activity was careij.tlly searched by parting the hair and visually inspecting the epidermis. All Fourie L.J.; Horak l.G. The seasonal activity of adult ixodid ticks the adult ixodid ticks found were col­ en Angora goa.ts in the south western Orange Free State.
    [Show full text]
  • And Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants on an Arid Communal Rangeland in South
    A survey on external (Ixodidae) and gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants on an arid communal rangeland in South Africa by Saloshnie Simone Govender1 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Dr Adriaan Engelbrecht1 Co-supervisors: Dr Mogamat Igshaan Samuels1,2 Mr. Clement Cupido1,2 1Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa 2Agricultural Research Council–Animal Production, c/o Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa January 2020 http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ ABSTRACT Parasites pose a major constraint on livestock farming. Its impacts are represented as transmission of disease to humans and economic costs for prevention and treatment as well as loss in terms of; livestock mortality and, lowered productivity. Although the impacts of parasitic loads can be decreased through proper management, extensive management systems are depended on external factors such as rainfall and forage availability, which, in its absence, promote malnutrition and therefore parasite susceptibility. The lack of proper nutrition with added stressors from an extensive management system (such as moving long distances for water, food, heat and being kept at proximity or high stocking densities) allows for an increase in parasite loads. Communal rangelands are known to be degraded, infrastructure and have low production as a result of bad or the lack of proper rangeland management. Therefore, we looked at parasite infection as the outcome of improper management, using factors such as stock genetics, stock health, kraal location and, grazing route as well as associating these to parasite species and abundances (prevalences).
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks Tick Identification Authors: Prof Maxime Madder, Prof Ivan Horak, Dr Hein Stoltsz
    Ticks: Tick identification Ticks Tick identification Authors: Prof Maxime Madder, Prof Ivan Horak, Dr Hein Stoltsz Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license. Ticks: Tick identification TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ...........................................................................................................2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................5 Importance .....................................................................................................................6 Systematics/Taxonomy .................................................................................................7 Seasonal occurrence / Life cycle ............................................................................... 10 Seasonal occurrence ............................................................................................................10 Life cycle ..............................................................................................................................10 Life cycle of hard ticks ................................................................................................................. 10 One-host life cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Two-host life cycle .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Van Der Mescht Ectoparasites 2011
    Ectoparasite assemblage of the four-striped mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio: the effect of anthropogenic habitat transformation and temporal variation by Luther van der Mescht Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Conservation Ecology at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr. Sonja Matthee Faculty of Agriscience Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology March 2011 Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: March 2011 Copyright © 2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Acknowledgements I would firstly like to thank my parents for believing, supporting and giving me the chance to follow my passion for nature and ecology. Then, I would like to sincerely thank my supervisor, Dr. Sonja Matthee, for all the time and effort she put into helping and guiding me through my MSc study. Without her guidance it would not have been possible. I would also like to single out a person with whom I became best friends through my studies. Always keen for a coffee and philosophising about life. Casper Crous, it is not possible to thank you enough my friend. Then, all the people I met through my undergraduate and postgraduate studies, especially Martina Treurnicht, Marco Pauw, Jannie Groenewald and Katharina von Dürckheim.
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Associated with Wild Herbivorous Mammals in South Africa
    University of Pretoria etd – Golezardy, H (2006) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Associated with Wild Herbivorous Mammals in South Africa by Habib Golezardy Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER SCIENTIAE (Veterinary Science) in the Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Pretoria 2006 i University of Pretoria etd – Golezardy, H (2006) This dissertation is dedicated with love and respect to my father, mother, sister and to all who taught me how to cherish the natural world and it’s creatures and filled me with curiosity about its wonderings ii University of Pretoria etd – Golezardy, H (2006) Declaration Apart from the assistance received that has been reported in the acknowledgements and in the appropriate places in the text, this dissertation represents the original work of the author. No part of this dissertation has been presented for any other degree at any other university. Candidate …Habib Golezardy….. Date….4th. September. 2006 … iii University of Pretoria etd – Golezardy, H (2006) Summary Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Associated with Wild Herbivorous Mammals in South Africa by Habib Golezardy Supervisor: Prof. I. G. Horak The Republic of South Africa is rich in the species of large and small wild herbivores and ixodid ticks that infest them and the domestic livestock within its borders. The primary objective of this study was to determine the species composition and actual size of the tick burdens of a variety of small and large herbivorous animals in several localities in South Africa. To this end a total of 95 wild herbivores ranging in size from hares to giraffes and belonging to 25 species were examined at 20 various localities in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Seasonality and Sites of Attachment of Adult Ixodid Ticks on Dogs in the Central Region of the Free State Province, South Africa
    Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68:281-290 (2001) Diversity, seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the Free State Province, South Africa P.A.H. JACOBS1, L.J. FOURIE1, D.J. KOK1 and I.G. HORAK2 ABSTRACT JACOBS, P.A.H., FOURIE, L.J., KOK, D.J. & HORAK, I.G. 2001. Diversity, seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the Free State Province, South Af­ rica. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68:281-290 Several surveys of ticks infesting dogs belonging to owners in resource-limited and more affluent com­ munities have been conducted in South Africa, but no such investigation has been carried out in the Free State Province of this country. The present study was initiated to meet this shortcoming. Ticks were collected from dogs at six localities in , and to the east of the city of Bloemfontein in the central region of the province. Three of these localities could be classed as resource-limited and two as af­ fluent, while the sixth locality was an animal shelter serving all members of the public. Adult ticks belonging to nine ixodid tick species were collected, of which Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most numerous. Significantly more R. sanguineus was collected from dogs at resource-lim­ ited than at more affluent localities. The greatest proportions of these ticks attached to the backs and necks of the dogs, with the proportions being larger in long-haired than in short-haired dogs. Most R.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasites of Domestic and Wild Animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid Ticks Infesting Horses and Donkeys
    Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ISSN: (Online) 2219-0635, (Print) 0030-2465 Page 1 of 6 Original Research Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys Authors: The aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses 1 Ivan G. Horak and donkeys in South Africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to Heloise Heyne2 Ali Halajian3 domestic livestock. Ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by Shalaine Booysen4 their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Willem J. Smit3 University of Pretoria. Ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in Limpopo Province, 2 in Gauteng Province and 1 in North West province. All the ticks were identified by means of a Affiliations: 1Department of Veterinary stereoscopic microscope. Horses were infested with 17 tick species, 72.1% with Rhipicephalus Tropical Diseases, University evertsi evertsi, 19.4% with Amblyomma hebraeum and 15.6% with Rhipicephalus decoloratus. of Pretoria, South Africa Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was recovered from horses in all nine provinces of South Africa and R. decoloratus in eight provinces. Donkeys were infested with eight tick species, and 81.6% 2Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases, were infested with R. evertsi evertsi, 23.7% with A. hebraeum and 10.5% with R. decoloratus. Agricultural Research Several tick species collected from the horses and donkeys are the vectors of economically Council-Onderstepoort important diseases of livestock. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is the vector of Theileria equi, the Veterinary Institute, causative organism of equine piroplasmosis.
    [Show full text]