DOCSLIB.ORG

Flora of Jammu and Kashmir State (Family Asteraceae- Tribe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flora of Jammu and Kashmir State (Family Asteraceae- Tribe Journal of Plant Biology Research 2015, 4(2): 73-82 eISSN: 2233-0275 pISSN: 2233-1980 http://www.inast.org/jpbr.html REGULAR ARTICLE Molecular Systematics of some Bulbophyllum species in Peninsular Malaysia based on ITS sequences Shahla Hosseini1* and Kourosh Dadkhah2 1 Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. 2 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. ABSTRACT In this article, ITS sequences of 34 species in Bulbophyllum genus were researched. Alignment between ITS sequences from the species was performed, and discovered that average percentage sequence divergence (uncorrected p distance) within Bulbophyllum species was 9.87% and maximum in-group ITS divergence was 13.68% (between B. membranifolium with B. sulcatum). Molecular systematic analysis of ITS was revealed that, 34 species of Bulbophyllum were monophyletic and they were divided into six groups, which is partly inconsistent with the viewpoint of morphological classification of Bulbophyllum in Peninsular Malaysia. Keywords: Bulbophyllum, Classification, ITS Sequence, Orchidaceae, Peninsular Malaysia INTRODUCTION epiphytic and they are found in different habitats Bulbophyllum Thou. is the largest genus of ranging from (sub) tropical dry forests to wet subtribe Bulbophyllinae (Schlechter, 1926). More montane cloud forests and most of them are fly than 95% of the species in the subtribe belong in pollinated (Bartareau, 1994; Borba & Semir, 1998; the large genus Bulbophyllum, with more than Nishida et al., 2004; Tan et al., 2002; Teixeira et 2000 species found mostly in Asia (Seidenfaden & al., 2004). Orchids of the genus Bulbophyllum are Wood, 1992). Latest taxonomy (Seidenfaden & one of the important plants in Malaysia in terms of Wood, 1992) described the Bulbophyllum in 17 their abundance, but identification of sections with more than 100 species. However Bulbophyllum at species level still remains a based on this study, the members of this large problem for practising taxonomists. In recent genus have undergone extreme reduction in years, there have been several attempts to delimit number of species in the natural habitat and have orchid species boundaries based on phylogenetic acquired an efficient adaptation to the canopy reconstructions, using chloroplast and nuclear environment. Nevertheless, areas of earlier DNA sequences (Bellstedt et al., 2001; Fisher et collection site were visited for possible sampling. al., 2007; Van Den Berg et al., 2009; Hosseini et However not all the previous collection sites are al., 2012). Although some of these studies have forested areas. At least 50% of the recorded revealed concordance with species defined by collection sites are now palm oil plantation area. classical taxonomy, others have not. To date it has Therefore there is possibility to overthrow of not reported that ITS sequence was applied in the several Bulbophyllum species in Peninsular systematic evolution and sibship of Malaysian Malaysia. Bulbophyllum species are mostly Bulbophyllum. ITS sequence is made up of ITS-1 *Corresponding author: Shahla Hosseini. Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] J. Plant Bio. Res. 2015, 4(2): 73-82 and ITS-2, which are respectively genetic area CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al., 1994). The primer between ribosome 18S and 5.8S, ribosome 5.8S part trimmed from first of the each sequences, and 26S (Tian & Li, 2002; Wang & Liu, 2004). because the character base sequence should not be The nucleotide sequences in ITS sequence take on include primer. Then the end of sequences high variability, which can provide rich matched together and the unmatched sequence information for systematic classification, and then trimmed. All sequences have been deposited in conveniently allow people to study genetic Genbank (Table 1). diversity and sibship among population or species. Data Analysis: As a heuristic tool to explore the Recently, ITS is generally used in studies about degree of saturation present in the datasets, we systematic evolution and sibship of plant plotted raw sequence divergence (uncorrected p population or species (Chanderbali et al., 2001; distance) vs. number of transition and transversion Roalson & Friar, 2004; Kazempour Osaloo et al., substitutions for all pairwise comparisons among 2005 ) which all proved that it is feasible to study taxa, for each position. the systematic evolution and sibship of species in Afterward, ITS sequences were analyzed with dicotyledon by ITS sequence. In this article, ITS PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002), and the was used to study and discuss the sibship among Dendrochilum pallideflavens and Dendrobium species of Bulbophyllum in order to provide more rosellum was designated as outgroup. The MP and information for classification of Bulbophyllum on ML analysis included a default heuristic search for molecule level. the most parsimonious and most likelihood trees: starting trees were obtained via stepwise addition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequences were added via simple addition with In this article, the experimental materials were one tree held at each step. Branch swapping was fresh leaves of 34 species in Bulbophyllum were performed via tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR). stored at -80 º C for DNA extraction. Origin of Bootstrap support (BP) was calculated by materials and other information were clearly listed bootstrap analysis from 1000 bootstrap replicates in Table 1. and 500 replications in maximum parsimony and DNA Extraction: Total genomic DNA was maximum likelihood analysis respectively. isolated from leaves of Bulbophyllum and two outgroup species of Dendrobium using Wizard ® RESULTS Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) with ITS Gene Sequences and Variations modifications. Yield and purity of genomic DNA Complete ITS sequences (including the 5.8 S was estimated by spectrophotometry at 260nm and coding region) were analysed for 34 Bulbophyllum the integrity of genomic DNA was determined by species plus Dendrobium rosellum and denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. Dendrochilum pallideflavens as outgroups. PCR Amplification: Two pairs of primers were Lengths of the ITS 1, 5.8 S and ITS 2 regions were used in this study, The Primers 26SE and 17SE of within the range recorded for other flowering Sun et al. (1994) where used for the amplification plants (Baldwin et al., 1995). The lengths of the of the nrITS regions with the following PCR ITS regions (including the 5.8 S coding region) program: an initial 2 min premelt at 94º C and 34 varied from 677 to 678 bp. For all species, ITS 1 cycles of 1 min denaturation at 94º C, 1 min (261 to 262 bp) was longer than ITS 2 (254 to 255) annealing at 50º C and 1 min extension at 72º C bp). In this study the 5.8 S coding region was 160 followed by a final extension for 7 min. For bp long in all species which was slightly shorter sequencing, the primers ITS4 than that in other angiosperms (161 to 164 bp). (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) and ITS5 The aligned sequences consisted of 678 nucleotide (GGAAGT AAAAGTCGTAACAAGG) (White et sites which 81 characters are constant among all al., 1990) were used. In addition, PCR products taxa, 603 sites were variable and 86 variable were separated by 1.5% agarose gel characters are parsimony-uninformative, and 517 electrophoresis. sites were parsimony informative. The number and Sequence Alignment: The purified DNA was sent percentage of information sites and mutation sites to First Base Laboratory for sequencing. Multiple in ITS sequence of Bulbophyllum are shown in alignments of sequences were performed using Table 2. Average percentage sequence divergence 74 J. Plant Bio. Res. 2015, 4(2): 73-82 Table 1: Plant materials used in this study. Genbank No. Section Taxon Location Herbarium/ Voucher accession No. 1. Hirtula B. dayanum Gunung Jerai, Malaysia UPM/ B0014 JF428119 2. Hirtula B. hirtulum Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 314 JF428126 3. Hirtula B. hirtulum Gunung Belumut, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-100 JF428127 4. Hirtula B. limbatum Gunung Belumut, Malaysia UPM/ B0054 JF428122 5. Hirtula B. dayanum Gunung Jerai, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-101 JF428120 6. Cirrhopetalum B. acuminatum Gunung Belumut, Malaysia UPM/ RG 2291 JF428117 7. Cirrhopetalum B. gracillimum Gunung Panti, Malaysia UPM/ B0053 JF428125 8. Cirrhopetalum B. sp1 Genting Highland, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-102 JF428114 9. Cirrhopetalum B. biflorum Malaysia SZU/OR5791999 EF195919 10. Aphanobulbon B. flavescens Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 062 JF428102 11. Aphanobulbon B. mutabile Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 105 JF428101 12. Aphanobulbon B. linearifolium Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 258 JF428103 13. Aphanobulbon B. odoratum Pahang, Malaysia UPM/ B0056 JF428113 14. Aphanobulbon B. apodum Cameron Highlands, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 276 JF428121 15. Aphanobulbon B. armeniacum Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-105 JF428112 16. Aphanobulbon B. caudatisepalum Fraser Hill, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-106 JF428108 17. Desmosanthes B. sulcatum Gunung Jerai, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 304 JF428106 18. Desmosanthes B. sp9 Penang, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-113 JF428118 19. Sestochilus B. macranthum Cameron Highlands, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 153 JF428097 20. Sestochilus B. inunctum Gunung Jerai, Malaysia UPM/ SH.K-109 JF428110 21. Sestochilus B. lobbii Cameron Highlands, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 426 JF428099 22. Sestochilus B. uniflorum Genting Highland, Malaysia UPM/ FAN. FH- 107 JF428098 23. Sestochilus B. patens Gunung Jerai, Malaysia UPM/ B005 JF428100 24. Sestochilus B. pileatum Gunung Belumut,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bulbophyllum
    Bulbophyllum Introduction ::: Bulbophyllum are the largest genus in the orchid family with species deriving from the high and low altitude rain and cloud forests of most tropical and subtropical countries. They have tremendous variation in their growth habit, ranging from fully terrestrial species to giant epiphytic climbers. They can bloom directly from the rhizome or the growth, depending on the species. Whilst it seems they are a diverse group of plants, they can mostly be grown together. They are a good genus to cultivate and relatively forgiving. Pot type: These orchids can be grown mounted on slabs of cork or tree fern. However, all the species can be grown in shallow pots, or even baskets. One requirement is to retain enough moisture at the root, as most species don’t like to dry out. The rhizome can be trained to stay in the pot by bending them, eventually cutting the old bulbs and leaving them in place, so they will provide additional growth in the pot. Sphagnum has been popular because it retains a lot of moisture, which is what these plants prefer when in active growth; however when it decays or starts to retain too many salts, the plants will have problems. One common problem being rot, for some more sensitive species, sphagnum will have a too low pH, resulting in either rhizome or emerging growth rot. Growers then start to keep the sphagnum dryer to prevent the rot, but it precludes a strong, fast growth. Orchiata has a higher pH, retains enough moisture and due to Orchiata’s longevity there is no need to disturb the plant for some years.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW ORCHID of the GENUS Bulbophyllum (ORCHIDACEAE) from WESTERN GHATS of SOUTHERN INDIA
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA , ISSN 1800–427X. December, 2013. Vol. 05, No. 02: pp. 120–123. © Taprobanica Private Limited, 146, Kendalanda, Homagama, Sri Lanka. http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A NEW ORCHID OF THE GENUS Bulbophyllum (ORCHIDACEAE) FROM WESTERN GHATS OF SOUTHERN INDIA Sectional Editor: James L. Reveal Submitted: 4 November 2013, Accepted: 25 November 2013 S. Karuppusamy1,2 and V. Ravichandran1 1 Department of Botany, Centre for Botanical Research, The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai 625011, Tamil Nadu, India; Email: [email protected] Abstract Bulbophyllum aureoflavum, a new orchid from Western Ghats of southern India, is described and illustrated. The new species, Bulbophyllum aureoflavum, is rare and known presently only from the type locality in southern Western Ghats. This species is related to B. elegantulum and B. fischeri, but differs by having a thick rhizome, subglobose pseudopbulb, bendant filiform scape, and a light golden yellowish, glabrous flower. Key words: Bulbophyllum aureoflavum, new species, pantropical, taxonomy. Introduction Bulbophyllum Thouars is one of the largest hitherto known species from India or even genera of orchids with over 1700 species southeastern Asia. Consequently, we described it distributed pantropically in the Old World as a new species. (Dressler, 1993; Sieder et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2009). Bulbophyllum is the second largest Bulbophyllum aureoflavum Karuppusamy & angiosperm genus in India, represented by about Ravichandran, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2) 100 species with some 40 known from Western Ghats (Misra, 2007). The newly collected specimens are from the Munnar-Devicolam Type: Southern India, Kerala State, Munnar, on the road to Poopara near Gap Road, rare on Range of Kerala State in southern Western º º Ghats.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Bulbophyllum in the Flora of Vietnam
    LANKESTERIANA 20(1): 31–36. 2020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v20i1.41130 NEW RECORDS OF BULBOPHYLLUM IN THE FLORA OF VIETNAM VUONG BA TRUONG1,4, TAM QUANG TRUONG1, VAN SON DANG1, TY MINH NGUYEN 2 & JAAP JAN VERMEULEN3 1Institute of Tropical Biology – Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan, Dist.3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2Faculty of Natural Sciences – Thu Dau Mot University, 06, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong province, Vietnam 3Jk.art and science – Lauwerbes 8, 2318 AT Leiden, The Netherlands 4Author for correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Bulbophyllum leysianum (sect. Hyalosema) and B. ovalifolium (sect. Macrocaulia) are recorded as new for the flora of Vietnam. Both species originate from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve (Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam). The first was found as an epiphyte on fallen branch in riparian lowland forest, while the second was recorded on small branches in a canopy tree at about 1500 m a.s.l. KEY WORDS: Bulbophyllum sections, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae, Vietnam Introduction. The genus Bulbophyllum Thouars is one TYPE: Malaysia. Sabah: Sinaroup Village, Burbidge of the largest plant genera, with well over 2000 species s.n. (not seen). in the tropics and subtropics worldwide (Pridgeon et Long-creeping epiphyte. Rhizome ca. 3 mm in al. 2014). So far, about 145 species in 16 sections have diameter, sections between pseudobulbs 0.6–1.5 cm been recorded for Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova long. Pseudobulbs 1–leafed, glossy green, obliquely 2003, Nong & Averyanov 2015, Averyanov et al. 2016, ovoid, 1.1–2.0 cm long, 0.5–1.3 cm wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulbophyllum Lamb, Spec
    BLUMEA 38 (1994) 335-348 Notes on Bulbophylunae(Orchidaceae) from Borneo J.J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb Summary all and one ofthe Trias are described, originat- Nine new species of the genus Bulbophyllum genus are ing from Borneo. Notes on two more Bornean species of Bulbophyllum given. additional the informationon BorneanBulbophyllum species given This paper is to The Trias is in Vermeulen (1991). It adds nine new species to the checklist. genus Two other Bulbo- recorded for the first time from Borneo, with one new species. have been reduced into phyllum species are mentionedwhich appear to incorrectly synonymy in Vermeulen (1991). 1. Bulbophyllum habrotinum J. J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb, spec. nov. (sect. Cirrhopetalum) — Fig. 1 adaxialiter Bulbophyllum habrotinumJ.J. Vermeulen & A. Lamb, a B. makoyano in labello verru- — Leiden cult. (De 913245 (L). coso differt. Typus: Vogel) 1-2.5 0.9-2.8 Rhizome creeping, 2.5-3 mm diam.Pseudobulbs ovoid, cm apart, Petiole 5-10 7- by 0.6-1.1 cm, somewhat flattened or not. mm. Leaf blade elliptic, index obtuse. 4.5-9 20 by 2-3 cm, 3.5-10, tip Inflorescence usually single, cm, 8 Rhachis 6-9-flowered. Peduncle 4.3-8.7 cm; bracts c. 4, the longest c. mm. Floral bracts 4-5 Pedicel and nodding, 0.2-0.3 cm. ovate, mm, tip acute. ovary Flowers in all the little 6-7 mm. pendulous, a whorl, open at same time, opening. 3.5-4 index often Median sepal elliptic, 4.2-4.5 by mm, 1.1-1.3, tip acuminate, rather thin; surface Lateral with a terminal hair; margins long ciliate; glabrous.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Evolution of the Genus Pleurothallis R. Br
    Systematics and evolution of the genus Pleurothallis R. Br. (Orchidaceae) in the Greater Antilles DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fach Biologie eingereicht an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Diplom-Biologe Hagen Stenzel geb. 05.10.1967 in Berlin Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. J. Mlynek Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I Prof. Dr. M. Linscheid Gutachter/in: 1. Prof. Dr. E. Köhler 2. HD Dr. H. Dietrich 3. Prof. Dr. J. Ackerman Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.02.2004 Pleurothallis obliquipetala Acuña & Schweinf. Für Jakob und Julius, die nichts unversucht ließen, um das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit zu verhindern. Zusammenfassung Die antillanische Flora ist eine der artenreichsten der Erde. Trotz jahrhundertelanger floristischer Forschung zeigen jüngere Studien, daß der Archipel noch immer weiße Flecken beherbergt. Das trifft besonders auf die Familie der Orchideen zu, deren letzte Bearbeitung für Cuba z.B. mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert zurückliegt. Die vorliegende Arbeit basiert auf der lang ausstehenden Revision der Orchideengattung Pleurothallis R. Br. für die Flora de Cuba. Mittels weiterer morphologischer, palynologischer, molekulargenetischer, phytogeographischer und ökologischer Untersuchungen auch eines Florenteils der anderen Großen Antillen wird die Genese der antillanischen Pleurothallis-Flora rekonstruiert. Der Archipel umfaßt mehr als 70 Arten dieser Gattung, wobei die Zahlen auf den einzelnen Inseln sehr verschieden sind: Cuba besitzt 39, Jamaica 23, Hispaniola 40 und Puerto Rico 11 Spezies. Das Zentrum der Diversität liegt im montanen Dreieck Ost-Cuba – Jamaica – Hispaniola, einer Region, die 95 % der antillanischen Arten beherbergt, wovon 75% endemisch auf einer der Inseln sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Nambour Orchid News Februarymay 2018 2018
    Nambour Orchid News FebruaryMay 2018 2018 Judges Choice - April - Bulbophyllum medusae. This species is epiphytic and lithophytic. It grows on limestone rocks in Thailand, western Malaysia, the islands of Sumatra and Borneo, Singapore, and the Philippines. I purchased this plant from Robert Trost at our Species Show in November 2011. It had three pseudobulbs growing in an 80mm pot, and sat and sulked for a year before starting to grow. It flowered for the first time in April 2014 with two inflorescences. May 2016, eight inflorescences, and later that year was potted up into the current size saucer, 260 x 50 mm. The plant has doubled in size since then. It is growing in a mixture of perlite and peat at a ratio of 12-1 with small amounts of medium bark, charcoal, diatomite and coconut pieces, with some gravel on top. It is under 70 percent shadecloth during summer, with a layer of solar weave added for winter. Watering is done to suit weather conditions, every second or third day in warmer weather, in cold conditions about once a week. I use a small amount of Plantacote Top K controlled release fertiliser twice a year, and use various foliar fertilisers at half strength every two weeks. Once a month I use a systemic fungicide, next month contact insecticide, following month contact fungicide, then systemic insecticide. Mid April the plant had four inflorescences open, but still lots of buds. Then, with good timing, two days before our meeting, nineteen inflorescences opened. At the meeting, a panel of judges considered the plant for an award, and it received an HCC and ACC.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia Email: [email protected] ABN 34 762 780 850
    Caladenia fuscata Bulletin of the Orchid Society of Canberra, Inc. PO Box 221, Deakin West, ACT, 2600, Australia www.canberraorchids.org Email: [email protected] ABN 34 762 780 850 Volume 3 2, Number 4 July –August 2017 Regular monthly meetings: Monthly meetings of the Society are held on the first Wednesday of each month (except January) at the Seventh Day Adventist Church, corner Gould and Macleay St. Turner. Meetings commence at 8:00pm with the library and sales table open from 7:30pm. Meeting Program 5 July “Growing Australian terrestrial orchids” with Mike Pieloor 2 August “Chinese Cymbidiums” with Scott Mann Upcoming Events 2017 7–8 July 2017 Eurobodalla Orchid Club Winter Show 15–16 July Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Winter Show 21–22 July Batemans Bay Orchid and Foliage Society Winter Show Orchid of the Night June 2017; Odontioda (Joe's Drum x 18–20 Aug St Ives Orchid Fair Ametle) x Odontioda Carnette grown by Brian Phelan. 1–2 Sep Eurobodalla Orchid Club Spring Show [photo: Z Groeneveld] 8–9 Sep Bateman's Bay Orchid & Foliage Soc Spring Show 16–17 Sept Milton-Ulladulla Orchid Society Spring Show I grow this plant in a glasshouse on the coast with a 23–24 September. Orchid Society of Canberra Spring bit of heating provided. Minimum temperature is Show . Ainslie Football Club, 52 Wakefield Avenue Ainslie about 13 deg. but can go down to 8. Shading is 90 ACT. Sat 10-5, Sun 10-4. 23–24 Sep Wagga Wagga Orchid Society Show percent with added white wash in the Summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Four New Records of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) for Manipur, Indiaa
    Four new records of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) for Manipur, Indiaa K. Chowlu1,* & A. Nageswara Rao1 Keywords/Mots-clés : Bulbophyllum, India/Inde, Manipur, taxonomy/ taxinomie. Abstract Four species of the genus Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) are reported for the first time from Manipur. A brief description, as well as information about phenology and distribution, and illustration, is presented to make identification easy. Résumé Quatre nouveaux enregistrements de Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) de Manipur (Inde) – Quatre espèces du genre Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) sont enregistrées pour la première fois dans l'état de Manipur. Afin d'en faciliter l'identification sur le terrain, une brève description en est donnée, accompagnée d'illustrations ainsi que de diverses informations sur la phénologie et la distribution géographique. Introduction Bulbophyllum Thouars is one of the largest genera of Orchidaceae with about 3048 species (Govaerts et al., 2014) distributed mainly throughout the tropical regions of both the old and new worlds. A review of the literature reveals that the genus is represented by c. 100 species in India (J.D.Hooker, 1890; Mukerjee, 1953; Pradhan, 1979; Shukla & Baishya, 1979; Ghatak & Devi, 1986; Kataki, 1986; Deb, 1996; Hyniewata et al., 2000; Chauhan, 2001; a : manuscrit reçu le 12 décembre 2014, accepté le 13 janvier 2015 article mis en ligne sur www.richardiana.com le 16/01/2015 – pp. 151-160 - © Tropicalia ISSN 1626-3596 (imp.) - 2262-9017 (élect.) XV – janvier 2015 Richardiana 151 New records of Bulbophyllum for Manipur – Chowlu & Rao Pearce & Cribb, 2002; Rao, 2007; Lucksom, 2007; Misra, 2007), of which c. 75 species and 3 varieties are distributed in NE India and about 25 species and 1 variety are found in Manipur (Kumar & Kumar, 2005; Chowlu et al., 2013; Chowlu et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • The New York Botanical Garden
    Vol. XV DECEMBER, 1914 No. 180 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGE Index to Volumes I-XV »33 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN AT 41 NORTH QUBKN STRHBT, LANCASTER, PA. THI NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY OFFICERS 1914 PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON „ „ _ i ANDREW CARNEGIE VICE PRESIDENTS J FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON TREASURER—JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON BOARD OF- MANAGERS 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1915 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Term expire January. 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON GEORGE W. PERKINS MVLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expire* January, 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OP THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OP THE DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC PARES HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V.
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Conservation Advice for Bulbophyllum Gracillimum
    This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 16/12/2008 Approved Conservation Advice (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) Approved Conservation Advice for Bulbophyllum gracillimum This Conservation Advice has been developed based on the best available information at the time this Conservation Advice was approved; this includes existing plans, records or management prescriptions for this species. Description Bulbophyllum gracillimum, Family Orchidaceae, is an epiphytic orchid, growing on trees, forming clumps with slender rhizomes about 2 mm across. Nodes are borne on thickened, bulb-like stems which are up to 18 mm long, 15 mm wide, egg-shaped, widely spaced, with four or five prominent ridges, dark olive green. Leaves are up to 8 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, oblong, thick, leathery, dark olive green. Inflorescences are up to 25 cm long, wiry, bearing a terminal group of purplish-red flowers, each about 30 mm long, spreading in a horizontal semicircle. The dorsal sepal is projected forwards, hooded, constricting to a tail-like apical appendage. The lateral sepals are bent downwards, joined at the base, the apices drawn out into thread-like tails to 25 mm long. The petals are drooping, bearing long hairs. The labellum (lip) is up to 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, white to cream, fleshy, curved, basally grooved. Flowering occurs from August to March (Jones, 1988). Conservation Status Bulbophyllum gracillimum is listed as vulnerable. This species is eligible for listing as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) (EPBC Act) as, prior to the commencement of the EPBC Act, it was listed as vulnerable under Schedule 1 of the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 (Cwlth).
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Limestone Orchids Status: Diversity, Threat and Conservation
    Blumea 54, 2009: 109–116 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651909X474168 Malaysian limestone orchids status: diversity, threat and conservation G. Rusea1, M.Y.L. Lim1, S.N. Phoon2, W.S.Y. Yong2, C.H. Tang1, H.E. Khor1, J.O. Abdullah1, J. Abdullah3 Key words Abstract To date, a total of 288 species from 96 genera were identified from the limestone areas in Perlis and Padawan-Bau, Sarawak, of which many of these are restricted to limestone habitat and either endemic to Perlis or conservation to Sarawak. Knowledge and data obtained from the field observation over the past 8 years leads us to report that diversity at least 15 species endemic to limestone has become rare in the wild in Perlis, Bau and Padawan Sarawak. This limestone orchids was mainly attributed by: i) lack of emphasis by the government on understanding and protecting biodiversity in Malaysian this kind of habitat; ii) lack of scientists willing to do research in dangerous and disaster prone limestone habitat; threat and iii) lack of knowledge and awareness among local communities on the importance of conserving and utilizing their natural resources in a sustainable manner. Published on 30 October 2009 INTRODUCTION Material AND METHODS Orchids are the largest flowering plant family in Malaysia In both areas limestone hills and some adjacent landscape (including Sabah and Sarawak) with about 2 000 species, of features were selected for this survey (Table 1). In Sarawak, two which 700 are recorded from limestone. Threats to orchids on rivers were included that flow through the limestone hills and limestone include small-scale logging (extracting timber by valleys.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulbophyllum Trongsaense (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a New Species from Bhutan
    Phytotaxa 436 (1): 085–091 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.436.1.9 Bulbophyllum trongsaense (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), a new species from Bhutan PHUB GYELTSHEN1*, DHAN BAHADUR GURUNG2 & PANKAJ KUMAR3* 1Department of Forest and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Trongsa, Bhutan. 2College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Bhutan. 3Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Lam Tsuen, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China. *For correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Bulbophyllum trongsaense is described as a new species from Trongsa district of Bhutan. Detailed morphological description, distribution, phenology, ecology and colour photographs are provided along with comparison with B. amplifolium to which it shows closest affinity. Keywords: Bulbophyllum amplifolium, B. nodosum, Endangered Introduction Orchidaceae is the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants (Pearce & Cribb 2002, Gurung 2006, Chase et al. 2015) consisting over 28,000 species in 736 genera with new species increasing day by day (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). Orchids occupy almost all habitats on earth except the glaciers; however, they show highest diversity in the tropics (Gurung 2006). Bhutan, the part of Eastern Himalayan Hotspot is home to rich flora and fauna. Pearce & Cribb (2002) recorded 369 species for Bhutan and about 579 species from other Himalayan regions, but this number is surely an underestimate and Bhutan is likely to harbor around 500 species as many parts of the country are still under surveyed (Pearce & Cribb 2002, Gurung 2006).
    [Show full text]