DOCSLIB.ORG

A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook A HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY ITALY SOCIETY AND POLITICS, 1943-1988 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Paul Ginsborg | 9781403961532 | | | | | A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1st edition PDF Book But, it took the British remainder of and the better part of to suppress the rebellion. South Indian mathematics flourished under the protection of the Vijayanagara Empire in Kerala. Adas, Michael ed. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism has been said to have been the foundation of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of India. A lot of outsiders — content to visit its museums, to holiday in placid Umbria and cultured Tuscany — are happy to leave it at that. Umayyad Caliphate. They also had continuing trade contacts with the Arabs in the west and with the Chinese empire in the east. Advanced Study in the History of Modern India The author expertly portrays the chaotic situation, with an increasingly popular Resistance in the north fighting the Germans who are themselves trying to consolidate their control and stop the Allied forces from battling their way up the peninsula towards Germany itself. India: The Ancient Past. The Arab merchant Suleiman notes the enormity of the Pala army in his memoirs. The Great Chaitya in the Karla Caves. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chach Nama records many instances of conversion of stupas to mosques such as at Nerun. Vedic Civilisation. Mauro rated it really liked it May 20, The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Patrick Olivelle , p. Sarkar wrote "All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now, but in reality all was lost. Gajashaala or elephant's stable, built by the Vijayanagar rulers for their war elephants. Thapar ed. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. The Gupta period was noted for cultural creativity, especially in literature, architecture, sculpture, and painting. A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1st edition Writer The real strength of Ranjit Singh's army lay in its infantry and artillery Late medieval Delhi Sultanate , c. Ghazi 24 July Ghateshwara Mahadeva temple at Baroli Temples complex. Very well researched and presented with a fair overview of the competing players in this complex history. Artibus Asiae. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi , one of the principal leaders of the rebellion who earlier had lost her kingdom as a result of the Doctrine of Lapse. This is a substantial work that is very well written. The Vedic culture was located in part of north- west India, while other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The author expertly portrays the chaotic situation, with an increasingly popular Resistance in the north fighting the Germans who are themselves trying to consolidate their control and stop the Allied forces from battling their way up the peninsula towards Germany itself. Then, intermittently, sometime between 60, and 80, years ago, tiny groups of them began to enter the north-west of the Indian subcontinent. Return to Book Page. However, after the death of Agnimitra, the empire rapidly disintegrated; [] inscriptions and coins indicate that much of northern and central India consisted of small kingdoms and city-states that were independent of any Shunga hegemony. Dec 15, Matteo rated it it was amazing Shelves: italy. Plott et al. However, there were other regional powers present as well. The civilization included cities such as Harappa , Ganeriwala , and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan, and Dholavira , Kalibangan , Rakhigarhi , and Lothal in modern-day India. During the Delhi Sultanate, there was a synthesis between Indian civilization and Islamic civilization. Medieval Cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century CE and established the greatest empire South India had seen. The book interweaves the economic, political, and societal changes of a 45 period when Italy made the jump from a backward state, where German and allied armies fought and a civil war raged to a modern state with an economy about the same size as Great Britain. Archived from the original on 17 February When Tom eventually left for college his partner continued to operate the shop for some 20 years. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. Learn More. The oldest hominin fossil remains in the Indian subcontinent are those of Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis , from the Narmada Valley in central India, and are dated to approximately half a million years ago. The Mongol invasions of India were successfully repelled by the Delhi Sultanate. Under Chandragupta Maurya and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture, and economic activities all thrived and expanded across India thanks to the creation of a single efficient system of finance, administration, and security. The Marxists have focused on studies of economic development, landownership, and class conflict in precolonial India and of deindustrialisation during the colonial period. Princeton University Press. Magnus Rom rated it really liked it Aug 16, Along with the desire for independence, tensions between Hindus and Muslims had also been developing over the years. Main article: Rashtrakuta Empire. View Lots Auction Info. None more purposefully than …. A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1st edition Reviews It immediately arrested over 60, national and local Congress leaders. The Dutch never recovered from the defeat and no longer posed a large colonial threat to India. British India is shown in pink; the princely states in yellow. Archived from the original on 30 March The Palas were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism, [] they also patronised Shaivism and Vaishnavism. At the site of Mehrgarh , presence can be documented of the domestication of wheat and barley, rapidly followed by that of goats, sheep, and cattle. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges ; its first capital was Rajagriha modern Rajgir then Pataliputra modern Patna. The Indian indenture system was an ongoing system of indenture, a form of debt bondage, by which 3. Eravamo la Cina di cinquant'anni fa. The Maratha—Mysore War ended in April , following the finalizing of treaty of Gajendragad , in which, Tipu Sultan was obligated to pay tribute to the Marathas. While Bharatpur State under Jat ruler Suraj Mal , overran the Mughal garrison at Agra and plundered the city taking with them the two great silver doors of the entrance of the famous Taj Mahal; which were then melted down by Suraj Mal in However, from s Indian private industry began to grow significantly. Government famine relief, Ahmedabad, India, during the Indian famine of — Gajashaala or elephant's stable, built by the Vijayanagar rulers for their war elephants. Gupta Empire. About Paul Ginsborg. The history of Afghanistan. Age of the Nandas and Mauryas 2nd ed. This school of historiography has received criticism for Elitism. Retrieved 9 August When the Liberal party in Britain came to power in , he was removed. Subhas Chandra Bose also called Netaji broke with Congress and tried to form a military alliance with Germany or Japan to gain independence. Kadamba Empire. Chalcolithic — BC. A History of Contemporary Italy Society and Politics, 1943-1988 1st edition Read Online Kabul Shahi Empire. The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture. Modern Asian Studies. Shrine outer wall and Dravida style superstructure shikhara at Siddhesvara Temple at Haveri. His son, Maharana Pratap of Mewar, firmly resisted the Mughals. Vijayanagara Empire. From the 8th to the 10th century, three dynasties contested for control of northern India: the Gurjara Pratiharas of Malwa, the Palas of Bengal, and the Rashtrakutas of the Deccan. They were absorbed into the independent nation in — Details if other :. The Palas were followers of the Mahayana and Tantric schools of Buddhism, [] they also patronised Shaivism and Vaishnavism. Main articles: British Raj and Bengali Renaissance. Take Survey Now. Hosch p. The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Centosessanta anni dopo sappiamo che gli italiani sono ancora ben lontani, soggetti non pervenuti: ma a questo punto, direi che la stessa Italia sembra ancora debba davvero essere fatta. Again, the Marxists are accused of being "too much" ideologically influenced. The empire linked the Indian Ocean maritime trade with the commerce of the Silk Road through the Indus valley, encouraging long-distance trade, particularly between China and Rome. Gurjara-Pratihara Empire. View Lot Learn More. Jun 06, Trygve Lie rated it it was amazing. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids , scholars, and the "other Muslims" artists ; , war prisoners were put to death in one day. Vishnu image inside the Badami Cave Temple Complex. Time and Archaeology. Robb, P The peace and prosperity that prevailed made his court a centre of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from far and wide. The Sikhs. In the early second millennium BCE, persistent drought caused the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centers to villages. In Chiari, Bernhard ed. Kailasa temple , is one of the largest rock-cut ancient Hindu temples located in Ellora. The famous emperor Akbar the Great, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. Palaeolithic 2,,—, BC. Preview Lots Auction Info. The latter Guptas successfully resisted the northwestern kingdoms until the arrival of the Alchon Huns , who established themselves in Afghanistan by the first half of the 5th century CE, with their capital at Bamiyan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Afghanistan: Political Exiles in Search of a State
    Journal of Political Science Volume 18 Number 1 Article 11 November 1990 Afghanistan: Political Exiles In Search Of A State Barnett R. Rubin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Rubin, Barnett R. (1990) "Afghanistan: Political Exiles In Search Of A State," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 18 : No. 1 , Article 11. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol18/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ,t\fghanistan: Political Exiles in Search of a State Barnett R. Ru bin United States Institute of Peace When Afghan exiles in Pakistan convened a shura (coun­ cil) in Islamabad to choose an interim government on February 10. 1989. they were only the most recent of exiles who have aspired and often managed to Mrule" Afghanistan. The seven parties of the Islamic Union ofM ujahidin of Afghanistan who had convened the shura claimed that. because of their links to the mujahidin fighting inside Afghanistan. the cabinet they named was an Minterim government" rather than a Mgovernment-in ­ exile. ~ but they soon confronted the typical problems of the latter: how to obtain foreign recognition, how to depose the sitting government they did not recognize, and how to replace the existing opposition mechanisms inside and outside the country. Exiles in Afghan History The importance of exiles in the history of Afghanistan derives largely from the difficulty of state formation in its sparsely settled and largely barren territory.
    [Show full text]
  • The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan
    The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 George Fiske All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske This study examines the socioeconomics of state formation in medieval Afghanistan in historical and historiographic terms. It outlines the thousand year history of Ghaznavid historiography by treating primary and secondary sources as a continuum of perspectives, demonstrating the persistent problems of dynastic and political thinking across periods and cultures. It conceptualizes the geography of Ghaznavid origins by framing their rise within specific landscapes and histories of state formation, favoring time over space as much as possible and reintegrating their experience with the general histories of Iran, Central Asia, and India. Once the grand narrative is illustrated, the scope narrows to the dual process of monetization and urbanization in Samanid territory in order to approach Ghaznavid obstacles to state formation. The socioeconomic narrative then shifts to political and military specifics to demythologize the rise of the Ghaznavids in terms of the framing contexts described in the previous chapters. Finally, the study specifies the exact combination of culture and history which the Ghaznavids exemplified to show their particular and universal character and suggest future paths for research. The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan I. General Introduction II. Perspectives on the Ghaznavid Age History of the literature Entrance into western European discourse Reevaluations of the last century Historiographic rethinking Synopsis III.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Game to 9/11
    Air Force Engaging the World Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland COVER Aerial view of a village in Farah Province, Afghanistan. Photo (2009) by MSst. Tracy L. DeMarco, USAF. Department of Defense. Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland Washington, D.C. 2014 ENGAGING THE WORLD The ENGAGING THE WORLD series focuses on U.S. involvement around the globe, primarily in the post-Cold War period. It includes peacekeeping and humanitarian missions as well as Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom—all missions in which the U.S. Air Force has been integrally involved. It will also document developments within the Air Force and the Department of Defense. GREAT GAME TO 9/11 GREAT GAME TO 9/11 was initially begun as an introduction for a larger work on U.S./coalition involvement in Afghanistan. It provides essential information for an understanding of how this isolated country has, over centuries, become a battleground for world powers. Although an overview, this study draws on primary- source material to present a detailed examination of U.S.-Afghan relations prior to Operation Enduring Freedom. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. Cleared for public release. Contents INTRODUCTION The Razor’s Edge 1 ONE Origins of the Afghan State, the Great Game, and Afghan Nationalism 5 TWO Stasis and Modernization 15 THREE Early Relations with the United States 27 FOUR Afghanistan’s Soviet Shift and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson Plan on Afghanistan
    Social Education 73(7), pp 350–361 ©2009 National Council for the Social Studies Lesson Plan on Afghanistan Bayard Faithfull hirley H. Engle wrote in this publication in 1960 that “quality decision the current Middle East and attempt to making should be the central concern of social studies instruction.”1 In a solve many complex problems. The unit Sclassroom that focuses on decision making, Engle pointed out, teachers on Afghanistan offers an opportunity to need to introduce more facts and use more varied sources than in a textbook-driven introduce students to the role that con- class. Students experience a fundamental change because the purpose of reading cepts like religion, ethnicity and nation- and thinking is not memorization but the selection and use of relevant information ality play in complex political problems, for decision making. and to teach the historical thinking and decision making skills that will be used Ninth grade students at the Beacon colonialism, the Soviet invasion, the throughout the year. School, a public high school in Manhattan, United States funding of the Mujahideen, This unit on Afghanistan takes nine began this year faced with decision mak- the September 11 attack, and the U.S. hour-long class periods to complete and ing about Afghanistan and Pakistan. This invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. culminates in a debate and in-class per- curricular choice was made for several A further reason is that the role of suasive essay writing. Both the debate and reasons. First, our teachers place a high religion in holding societies together or the essay ask students to make arguments value on students reading the newspa- creating conflicts is the theme of the first about the best policy for the United States per and understanding current events, semester of global studies at our school.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers Urban Studies Program 11-2009 Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan Benjamin Dubow University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar Dubow, Benjamin, "Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan" (2009). Urban Studies Senior Seminar Papers. 13. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/13 Suggested Citation: Benjamin Dubow. "Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan." University of Pennsylvania, Urban Studies Program. 2009. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/senior_seminar/13 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethnicity, Space, and Politics in Afghanistan Abstract The 2004 election was a disaster. For all the unity that could have come from 2001, the election results shattered any hope that the country had overcome its fractures. The winner needed to find a way to unite a country that could not be more divided. In Afghanistan’s Panjshir Province, runner-up Yunis Qanooni received 95.0% of the vote. In Paktia Province, incumbent Hamid Karzai received 95.9%. Those were only two of the seven provinces where more than 90% or more of the vote went to a single candidate. Two minor candidates who received less than a tenth of the total won 83% and 78% of the vote in their home provinces. For comparison, the most lopsided state in the 2004 United States was Wyoming, with 69% of the vote going to Bush. This means Wyoming voters were 1.8 times as likely to vote for Bush as were Massachusetts voters. Paktia voters were 120 times as likely to vote for Karzai as were Panjshir voters.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan in the Historical Perspective
    Global Political Review (GPR) URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2017(II-I).05 Afghanistan in the Historical Perspective Huma Qayum* † Zahir Shah Abstract Afghanistan is having a very long historical ‡ background. It dates back to 1500 BC when Islam Jan Alam was far away from this region. Different dynasties established their foundations and were ruined away. The paper brings into light • Vol. II, No. I (2017) major common factors among Pakistan and Afghanistan. It l highlights the past of Afghanistan before the Islamic period and after • Pages: 46 – 53 the arrival of Islam in this region. Especially the historical • DOI: 10.31703/gpr.2017(II-I).05 background which is totally the same among the two states. Similarly, rulers consolidated their empire from Afghanistan to • p- ISSN: 2521-2982 India. The paper also elaborates different dynasties and how • ISSN-L: 2521-2982 residents of the concerned area faced such aggressions with though resistance. Who never surrendered against any foreign rule and gained independence as a sovereign state. It still survives to Key Words: face superpowers’ rivalry that affect the very foundations of Indo- Pre-Islamic period, Post-Islamic Afghan states. period, historical background, Muslim rulers Introduction The Kabul city established in (1500 BC-551) Aryans and the Medes rule. Rig Veda may have been created in Afghanistan around this period, as well as a sign of the initial wandering Iron age. Amid 2000-1200 BC, a group of tribes of Indo-European linguistic identified as Aryan started migration into this area. They split into three diverse groups Iranic peoples, Nuristani, and Indo-Aryans in the early phase, probably during 1500-1000 BC in what today is called Afghanistan (Dupree, 1977).
    [Show full text]
  • The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis
    THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Written by AYDOGDY KURBANOV PhD thesis submitted to the Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin 2010 Supervisors: PD Dr. N. Boroffka Prof. Dr. R. Bernbeck Members of Commission: Prof. Dr. S. Hansen Prof. Dr. S. Pollock Dr. H.-J. Nüsse The date of the examination: 12.02.2010 TO MY PARENTS “The information coming from remote countries and foreign languages are subject to corruption and misunderstanding and, moreover, concerning very ancient time. So we do not know what is certain. (Thus) it is impossible to decide (the origin of the Hephthalites)” Wei Jie (7th century AD) C O N T E N T S 1. Introduction 2. Research history and methodic problems 2.1. Research history 2.2. Methodic problems 3. Archaeological sites and materials 4. Numismatics 5. Written sources 6. A history of the Hephthalites 6.1. Origins 6.2. Military history & wars 6.3. Socio-political structure and state 6.4. Linguistics 6.5. Religion 6.6. Change of ethnic identity Literature Illustrations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have helped me during the work on my PhD thesis. I would like to thank first of all PD Dr. N. Boroffka for enormous help in editing and proofreading the draft version, for his patience and comments, and Prof. R. Bernbeck who helped to bring this work into its current form. I am very grateful to Prof. S. Hansen for his advice and particularly for the conditions of work in the Eurasia Department of the German Archaeological Institute, which offered me good possibilities to finish this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Kunduz Province Map Pdf
    Kunduz province map pdf Continue ProvinceAn aerial view from the window of the Blackhawk helicopter between Balkh Province and KunduzMap province of Afghanistan with Kunduz identifiedCoordinates (capital): 36'48'N 68'48'E / 36.8'N 68.8'E / 36.8; 68.8Coordinates: 36'48'N 68'48'E / 36.8'N 68.8'E / 36.8; 68.8CountryﻗﻨﺪوزﮐﻨﺪوزAfghanistan's province of AfghanistanKunduz is one of 34 provinces of Afghanistan located in the northern part of the country near Tajikistan. The province has (ﮐﻨﺪوز :Pashto ,ﻗﻨﺪوز :AfghanistanCapitalKundusGovernment - Governor Asadullah Omarhail (2012) - Total 8040 sq km (3100 sq. m. (a) (Afghan time) ISO 3166 codeAF-KD'Main LanguagesDariPashtoUzbekTurkmen Kunduz or Sunduz (Persian a population of about 953,800, which is mostly a tribal society; it is one of the most ethnically diverse provinces in Afghanistan, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups. Kunduz is the provincial capital. It borders the provinces of Takhar, Baghlan, Samannan and Balkh. Kunduz Airport is located near the provincial capital. The Kunduz River Valley dominates Kunduz province. The river flows irregularly from south to north into the Amudar River, which forms the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The newly built bridge crosses Amudary in Sherhan Bandar, and international trade is a major source of Kunduz's economy. The river, its tributaries and derivative channels provide irrigation of irrigated fields that dominate land use in the agricultural province. There are also rain fields and open land range that span several miles. Kunduz was once Afghanistan's major economic center, but wars since 1978 have changed the province's fortunes.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Guide
    Zahir Shah’s Cabinet, Afghanistan 1963 MUNUC 33 ONLINE TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ CHAIR’S LETTER………………………….….………………………………..….3 CRISIS DIRECTOR’S LETTER..…………..………………………………………..5 A BRIEF HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN………………………………………….6 CURRENT ISSUES…………………………………………..…………………...21 ROSTER……………………………………………………..…………………...31 BIOGRAPHIES……………………………………………..…………………...33 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………..……………………………..…………………...45 2 Zahir Shah’s Cabinet, Afghanistan 1963| MUNUC 33 Online CHAIR’S LETTER ______________________________________________________ Dear Delegates, Welcome to Afghanistan! My name is Karina Holbrook, and I am the Chair (aka Zahir Shah) of this committee. As chair, I hope to be fair to everyone; more importantly, I want the committee to be fun. The goal of this conference is pedagogy, and I believe that this can best be done through an immersive, interactive experience - in other words, in a continuous crisis committee! I hope that this committee will give all delegates the opportunity to truly shine, both in the frontroom and in the backroom, in the pursuit of a new Afghanistan. On that note, there are a couple of things I would like to address. First, we will not be tolerating any remarks about the Taliban; not only is it completely inappropriate (and will be addressed accordingly), but it is also completely irrelevant to our time - we are, after all, in the 1960s, long before the Taliban even existed. Also, in that vein, I will not be tolerating any Islamophobic, racist, or sexist comments, either “in character” or to a delegate. “Historical accuracy” or “because my character was like that in real life” is not an excuse - after all, at the end of the day we are delegates in 2020, and we can choose to be mindful where our characters did not.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: the Crossroads of Conflicting Regional Interests
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2019 Afghanistan: The Crossroads of Conflicting Regional Interests Sabera Azizi The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2959 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] AFGHANISTAN: THE CROSSROADS OF CONFLICTING REGIONAL INTERESTS By: Sabera Azizi A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2019 © 2018 Sabera Azizi All Rights Reserved ii Afghanistan: The Crossroads of Conflicting Regional Interests by Sabera Azizi This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Zachary Shirkey Thesis Advisor (Print) Date Thesis Advisor (Signature) Alyson Cole Executive Officer (Print) Date Executive Officer (Signature) THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Afghanistan: The Crossroads of Conflicting Regional Interests By Sabera Azizi Advisor: Zachary Shirkey Despite 45 years of conflict, violence still thrives unwaveringly in Afghanistan. In a war charged with ambitious domestic actors and destructive regional states, peace is nowhere in sight in Afghanistan. The interaction between the actors of a conflict play a significant role in shaping the course of a war.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan a Battle Ground for the Interests of Super Powers
    Scienc al e tic & li P o u P b f Journal of Political Sciences & Public l i o c l A a f n f r a Idrees and Anwar, J Pol Sci Pub Aff 2017, 5:2 i u r o s J Affairs DOI: 10.4172/2332-0761.1000245 ISSN: 2332-0761 Research Article Open Access Afghanistan a Battle Ground for the Interests of Super Powers: A Special Reference to USA Idrees M1* and Anwar K2 1Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Idrees M, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Tel: +92 51 9257988; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: December 29, 2016, Accepted date: April 26, 2017, Published date: May 02, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Idrees M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Throughout the history Afghanistan remained a battle ground for the varying interests of different powers. Today, the country is under the sway of NATO and USA. The regional and neighboring powers are also mending their axes there. The country is facing great challenges of internal strife, power struggle, unstable governments and lack of confidence of the people and elites upon the governments. The current effort aims at the very important research area ‘Interests of USA in Afghanistan.’ A descriptive, analytical and historical research has been carried out to keep in contact with main topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Economic History of Afghanistan∗ Tirthankar Roy
    Economic History Working Papers No: 309 Reading the Economic History of Afghanistan Tirthankar Roy, LSE October 2020 Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. Reading the Economic History of Afghanistan∗ Tirthankar Roy Keywords: Afghanistan, Cold War, civil war, fiscal-military state, military despotism, British Empire, South Asia JEL Classification: N45, N55, O10, O53, P16 Abstract Twentieth-century Afghanistan offers a lesson for the historian of comparative economic development. Two conditions help to understand Afghan history better, resource poverty and the absence of European colonial rule. In a resource-poor region, the possibility of rapid economic change depends to a great extent on the capability and stability of the states; at the same time, attempts to create strong centres of power with a weak tax base can generate debilitating conflicts. European colonialists in some cases managed to overcome the dilemma. In the absence of colonialism, old elites and old rivalries survived and intensified the conflict. These two features appeared in the histories of many of the world’s poor regions. They shaped the process of economic and political change in Afghanistan with great force. 1. Introduction: Afghan economic history in South Asian mirror Afghanistan has shaped the course of global politics more deeply than many regions of the world. It is surprising, then, that the pattern of long-term economic change in the country remains a little studied subject. Recent events made the country even more remote to the economic historian. Afghanistan saw warfare, coup d’état, state collapse, and a shaky recovery in the last 40 years, not once but repeatedly.
    [Show full text]