ACTA SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X) Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2019 Research Article Identification of Suitable Sites for Burial of Animal Carcasses in the Province of Macerata Matteo Gentilucci* School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Italy *Corresponding Author: Received: MatteoPublished: Gentilucci, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Italy. January 17, 2019; March 08, 2019 Abstract This study aims to solve the problem of the disposal of animal carcasses, firstly through a provincial-based analysis (province of Macerata) to introduce a new landfill suitable for this purpose, while secondly very small sites have been analysed to ensure a possi- ble emergency solution. In addition to the legal constraints, further analyses based on the morphology of the territory and the climate have been introduced in order to avoid any risk to the environment. In addition, the innovation of this research also passes through the extensive use of geographical information systems that have allowed the spatialization of constraints, climate analysis using ge- ostatisticalKeywords: techniques, topographic survey and the screening of the intervisibility. Burial; Animal; Environment; Climate Introduction a further issue will be examined concerning the identification of The disposal of animal carcasses is very costly and difficult for micro-sites, treated as mini-dumps (due to the reduced territorial operators in the Province of Macerata, given the lack of facilities extension and the much lower quantity of material hosted), which for this service within the Marche Region; in this context, it is should be identified in areas where disposal becomes more one- important to set up a system to ensure hygiene and profitability, rous and difficult, depending on the harsh morphology and the in order to prevent uncontrolled burial or, even more seriously, significant extension of the mountain territory of Macerata provin- abandonment of carcasses directly on pastureland, guaranteeing ce. To regulate this subject there is a specific legislation outlined an economically viable service. These requirements have led to directly by European Regulation N. 1069 of 2009, which in Art. 19 the need to identify one or more specific sites for burying animal paragraph 1 derogation from certain environmental constraints carcasses and all products derived from them. The innovation of provided for by existing legislation. From a methodological point this research is expressed in the identification of areas suitable for of view, the two analyses will be treated in a similar way, using the the disposal of animal carcasses, through the use of geographical GIS software (in this case ArcGis) aimed to the identification of si- information systems. The study will be divided into two main sec- tes following the characterization of the legislative constraint on a tions: the first part will focus on the identification of macro-areas, Methodsdigital basis. designed to accommodate large quantities of animal carcasses that [1] will be treated as landfills for hazardous or non-hazardous waste The methodology adopted was based on the retrieval of all the . This analysis must necessarily take note of the current legisla- data necessary for the localization of a site suitable for hosting a tion in Italy, which regulates on the one hand the types of landfill, landfill of hazardous waste within the Province of Macerata. while on the other focuses on the type of waste, indicating specific distances in relation to the hazardousness of the same. The pre- Therefore, on the basis of the legislation and in particular of Le- scriptions coming from the legislation, will be the prescriptions gislative Decree 36/2003, it has been created or, in some cases, only that will guide the analysis operationally, leading to the identifica- found all the shapefiles necessary for the selection of one or more tion of macro areas, suitable from a geological and environmental areas suitable for the location of a hazardous waste landfill, throu- point of view, to avoid damage to the ecosystem. In the second part, gh the use of the software ArcGis. Citation: . “ Acta Scientific Agriculture Matteo Gentilucci Identification of Suitable Sites for Burial of Animal Carcasses in the Province of Macerata”. 3.4 (2019): 85-93. Identification of Suitable Sites for Burial of Animal Carcasses in the Province of Macerata • Water points (points): 86 The first step was to identify all the municipalities in the provin- Mill - fountain - well - well for oil or ce of Macerata that are included in the 1st category with regard to methane - intake - tank - perennial source - tank, tank, wate- seismic risk (Castelsantangelo sul Nera, Montecavallo, Muccia, Pie- ring can. The minimum distance adopted for this row is 200m • fromIndustrial each point points (absolute (points): protection zones 10m). ve Torina, Serravalle di Chienti and Visso) and consequently isolate them in ArcGis. In this way, a new shapefile was created, with the Metal furnaces and towers - mo- numental object - silos - filling or service station. it does not area of the municipalities of 1st seismic category inside. need any buffer with respect to the landfill, as the industrial [2] Secondly, data on hydrogeology, floodable areas and landslides buildings are indicated as preferential criteria for the identifi- • cationPoints of no a landfillbuffer site.(points): were found, kindly granted by the Regional Basin Authority . Energy transformation cabin - The geological situation was then analyzed, through the request chimney - pylons for high voltage line - repeater - tabernacle, of the geological map of the Province of Macerata, to the Marche isolated cross - pylons for high voltage line. The structures of Region, which granted it, in part, in the form of shapefiles of poly- this file do not need any distance from the landfill, by default • itRelated has been highways assigned (polylines): a minimum of 10m. gons derived from the project called "unique geological territory". However, the lack of complete information, required a part of edi- Motorway, ring road, expres- [3] sway, airport runway, bridge to motorway. From the fast ro- ting through ArcGis, on a shapefile called "geologia_mc" georefe- • ads,Asphalted a minimum roads distance (polylines): of 300m is prescribed. rencing in advance the PDFs originated from the above project Maneuvering tracks - overpass (unique geological territory), to be able to copy the geological li- - ordinary double track railway - ordinary single track railway mits in their exact position. - cable car - level crossing - bridge with railway and road on one level - bridge with railway above and road below - bridge Subsequently, the data of the network "Natura 2000" (main for asphalt road - underpass - asphalt road - asphalt road un- tool for the maintenance of biodiversity) which were already in der construction. It was chosen to give these polylines a safe shapefile format, were collected, with a part dedicated to the Sites distance from the landfill of at least 60m, although it would be of Community Importance (SCI) and the other including the Spe- • theWater distance courses prescribed lines (polylines): by the Highway Code for motorways. cial Protection Zones (ZPS). The next step was to acquire data on Intermittent course water the boundaries of the study area of the Sibillini Mountains National - groundwater - bridle - channel with unrepresentable bed Park, by study area we mean the area identified in the Plan of the width - channel with unrepresentable bed width - covered Park (which has the task of defining the general organization of the channel or tunnel - raised channel - closed with or without walkway - river or stream with unrepresentable bed width - territory and its articulation into areas or parts characterized by walkway - fishing - jump in penstock - stream, stream with un- different types of vegetation). The next step was to acquire data on representable bed width. The regulation prescribes that the the boundaries of the study area of the Sibillini Mountains National minimum distance from the landfill, for these watercourses Park, by study area we mean the area identified in the Plan of the must be at least 150m and dictates the definition of a water- Park (which has the task of defining the general organization of course (set out in Law no. 165 of 31/08/2012), understood as the territory and its articulation into areas or parts characterized “a system of surface or underground waters that, by virtue of their physical connections, constitute a unitary complex that by different types of use, enjoyment and protection), through the • normallyValuable flowscrops into (polylines): the same common point”. L.U. (Landscape Unit), ranging from the heart of the Park "Sibillini Row of screws associated with Mountains Region" to the "Piedmountain Marche Region" and from trees - isolated row of olive trees - isolated row of screws - the "Piedmountain Umbria Region" to the "External Regions" (ob- isolated row of olive trees with trees. From the isolated rows ject of indirect protection), this polygonal shapefile has been assig- of valuable crops, the landfill must be separated by at least ned a buffer of 1000m from the border, as the minimum distance • 700m.Lines no buffer” (polylines): from a possible landfill Underground aqueduct - eleva- ted aqueduct - high voltage power line - underground gas pi- The regional technical map has allowed to isolate countless peline - elevated gas pipeline.