Cleide Carnicer História Biogeográfica De

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cleide Carnicer História Biogeográfica De CLEIDE CARNICER HISTÓRIA BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Dinomys branickii PETERS 1873: ADEQUABILIDADE PASSADA, PRESENTE E FUTURA DE UMA ESPÉCIE- CHAVE PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DA AMAZÔNIA Dissertação de Mestrado Nova Xavantina-MT 2018 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Campus de Nova Xavantina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação HISTÓRIA BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Dinomys branickii PETERS 1983: ADEQUABILIDADE PASSADA, PRESENTE E FUTURA DE UMA ESPÉCIE- CHAVE PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DA AMAZÔNIA Cleide Carnicer Dissertação apresentada à Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, como parte dos requisitos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação para obtenção do título de mestre. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Pedro Vasconcellos Eisenlohr Nova Xavantina-MT 2018 HISTÓRIA BIOGEOGRÁFICA DE Dinomys branickii PETERS 1983: ADEQUABILIDADE PASSADA, PRESENTE E FUTURA DE UMA ESPÉCIE- CHAVE PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DA AMAZÔNIA CLEIDE CARNICER DISSERTAÇÃO APRESENTADA AO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL À OBTENÇÃO DO TÍTULO DE “MESTRE”. APROVADA EM 25 DE OUTUBRO DE 2018, PELA BANCA EXAMINADORA: ____________________________________ Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Orientador ____________________________________ Pedro Vasconcellos Eisenlohr Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Coorientador ___________________________________ Geruza Leal Melo Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Membro Titular ___________________________________ Diogo Souza Bezerra Rocha Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) Membro Titular AGRADECIMENTOS Meus sinceros agradecimentos à minha família, pelo apoio e compreensão da minha ausência durante o mestrado, e a todas as pessoas que eu conheci durante o mestrado, que, por serem muitas, não seria possível mencioná-las em sua totalidade. Destaco algumas que foram essenciais: Mеu orientador, Prof. Dr. Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, pela orientação e por ter viabilizado a minha participação neste trabalho, juntamente com a equipe do Instituto Onça Pintada, Leandro Silveira, Anah Jácomo e Giselle Bastos Alves. Ao Instituto Onça-Pintada (IOP), pela cessão das armadilhas fotográficas utilizadas durante parte do mestrado e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da UNEMAT, Nova Xavantina, pela verba oferecida que permitiu a coleta dos dados em campo. Ao meu coorientador, Prof. Dr. Pedro V. Eisenlohr, pela orientação, apoio e todos os ensinamentos para a minha formação científica. Ao Douglas Costa Santos, por toda a ajuda no processo de matrícula por procuração, pelo acolhimento quando cheguei em Nova Xavantina e pela amizade que fiz com o mesmo e a sua mãe Tereza, um amor de pessoa. Serei eternamente grata aos dois. À Profª. Drª. Helena Soares Ramos Cabette, por disponibilizar um espaço no seu laboratório, pela oportunidade de aprendizado na área de insetos aquáticos e por ter feito me sentir parte dessa equipe fantástica, na qual criei muitos vínculos de amizades: Andrezza, Bethânia, Paula, Nubia, Paulo, Pedro, Victor. Pelas noites de descontração, conversas, cervejas e ensinamentos. Ao Prof. Dr. Eddie Lenza, pela amizade e preocupação pela adaptação em outra cidade com a distância da família e pelo suporte na ciência, sempre oferecendo ajuda, e a toda a equipe do LECOT, em nome da Ana Clara, Daielli e Lorrayne. A toda a equipe do Laboratório de Ecologia de Alta Floresta (LabEc), todos sempre prestativos, em especial ao Leandro e João Carlos, companheiros no trabalho de modelagem. A Luciene, Sandra, Islândia, Loana, Sara, Juliana, Domingos Lucas e Dennis. Com certeza estamos crescendo juntos. À equipe “Partiu Nova Xavantina” (grupinho da carona), Luciene, Norberto e Antonio Carlos, pela amizade e todo o apoio. Aos membros da banca de qualificação, professora Natália Mundim Tôrres e Mendelson Guerreiro de Lima. E membros da banca de defesa, Geruza Leal Melo e Diogo Souza Bezerra Rocha, que dedicaram um tempo para revisar esse estudo, contribuindo muito nessa etapa final. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. A essa agência de fomento, meus sinceros agradecimentos. “É no conhecimento que existe a chance de libertação. Uma pessoa que decide não conhecer, aceita sua condição de escravo, aceita sua condição de submissão; conhecer é a condição pra eu me libertar de mim mesmo e das amarras sociais.” Leandro Karnal SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................................... 9 LISTA DE TABELAS ................................................................................................................ 10 LISTA DE MATERIAL SUPLEMENTAR................................................................................ 11 FORMATAÇÃO ......................................................................................................................... 12 Introdução ................................................................................................................................... 15 Material e Métodos ..................................................................................................................... 18 Registros de ocorrência ........................................................................................................... 18 Construção e avaliação dos modelos ....................................................................................... 20 Resultados ................................................................................................................................... 21 Discussão..................................................................................................................................... 25 Referências .................................................................................................................................. 29 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Distribuição dos pontos de ocorrência de Dinomys branickii em diferentes países da região neotropical. ........................................................................................... 18 Figura 2. Mapas preditivos resultantes da Modelagem de Adequabilidade Climática de D. branickii, correspondentes ao consenso contínuo e binário médio entre os GCMs de cada período. Cenários paleoclimáticos: a,e) UMG – Último Máximo Glacial (22 mil anos A.P.). b,f) HM – Holoceno Médio (6 mil anos A.P.). c,g) Presente (1960-1990). d,h) Futuro (2041-2060). Letras (m.a.) = Máxima Adequabilidade. A área em cor vermelha representa máxima adequabilidade (i.e., todas as projeções indicam adequabilidade) e a área em cor verde, ausência de adequabilidade (i.e., todas as projeções indicam não-adequabilidade). Cores entre vermelho e verde apontam para adequabilidades intermediárias. ..................................................................................... 22 Figura 3. Mapas demonstrando Máxima Adequabilidade dentro e fora das Áreas Protegidas, a) Presente/Futuro, mostrando a dinâmica entre os cenários. b) Presente, c) Futuro (M. a. - Máxima adequabilidade). ....................................................................... 24 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1. Variáveis bioclimáticas utilizadas para a geração dos Modelos de Adequabilidade Climática (MAC) de Dinomys branickii. ............................................. 19 Tabela 2. Métricas avaliativas dos nove algoritmos processados no pacote biomod2, com os valores de TSS - True Skill Statistic, AUC - Área Sob a Curva ROC e threshold - limiar de corte de cada algoritmo utilizado para o preparo dos mapas binários resultantes dos Modelos de Adequabilidade Climática para Dinomys branickii. DP: desvio-padrão. Os nomes dos algoritmos por extenso são apresentados no texto (Material e Métodos). ..................................................................................................... 22 Tabela 3. Países que apresentaram máxima adequabilidade climática para D. branickii nas Áreas Protegidas (APs) para os cenários presente e futuro. Áreas protegidas para o cenário presente (APs-Presente) e futuro. (APs-Futuro). Porcentagem de adequabilidade correspondente para cada cenário (Área % M). Perda de áreas protegidas com adequabilidade (Perda APs). Ganho de áreas protegidas com adequabilidade. (*) Países que possuem registros conhecidos para a espécie. ......................................................... 25 LISTA DE MATERIAL SUPLEMENTAR Material Suplementar 1. Coordenadas dos pontos de distribuição de Dinomys branickii em seus respectivos países...............................................................................35 Material Suplementar 2. Máxima adequabilidade climática para D. branickii em suas respectivas áreas protegidas. Valores em porcentagem demonstram quanto de máxima adequabilidade cada área protegida possui em relação ao seu tamanho total, para os cenários do presente (Adeq. P.) e do futuro (Adeq. F.). Também apresentamos valores de porcentagem média (M) em cada país. Informações ausentes (-) referem-se a ausência de adequabilidade no respectivo cenário.........................................................................36 FORMATAÇÃO A presente dissertação foi redigida em formato de artigo científico, o qual foi adequado às normas da revista Biodiversity and Conservation (Qualis A1 em Biodiversidade e Fator de Impacto JCR/ISI
Recommended publications
  • Rock Art of Latin America & the Caribbean
    World Heritage Convention ROCK ART OF LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN Thematic study June 2006 49-51 rue de la Fédération – 75015 Paris Tel +33 (0)1 45 67 67 70 – Fax +33 (0)1 45 66 06 22 www.icomos.org – [email protected] THEMATIC STUDY OF ROCK ART: LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN ÉTUDE THÉMATIQUE DE L’ART RUPESTRE : AMÉRIQUE LATINE ET LES CARAÏBES Foreword Avant-propos ICOMOS Regional Thematic Studies on Études thématiques régionales de l’art Rock Art rupestre par l’ICOMOS ICOMOS is preparing a series of Regional L’ICOMOS prépare une série d’études Thematic Studies on Rock Art of which Latin thématiques régionales de l’art rupestre, dont America and the Caribbean is the first. These la première porte sur la région Amérique latine will amass data on regional characteristics in et Caraïbes. Ces études accumuleront des order to begin to link more strongly rock art données sur les caractéristiques régionales de images to social and economic circumstances, manière à préciser les liens qui existent entre and strong regional or local traits, particularly les images de l’art rupestre, les conditions religious or cultural traditions and beliefs. sociales et économiques et les caractéristiques régionales ou locales marquées, en particulier Rock art needs to be anchored as far as les croyances et les traditions religieuses et possible in a geo-cultural context. Its images culturelles. may be outstanding from an aesthetic point of view: more often their full significance is L’art rupestre doit être replacé autant que related to their links with the societies that possible dans son contexte géoculturel.
    [Show full text]
  • Salsa the Night Away, Explore Zone Cafetera, and Soak up the Caribbean Sun with Our Local Insiders
    COLOMBIA The Insiders' Guide Salsa the night away, explore Zone Cafetera, and soak up the Caribbean sun with our local insiders. Contents Barranquilla Carnival Overview Contents Colombia Overview 3 Cartagena and Surrounds 40 Bogota Top 10 experiences in Colombia 3 Must see and do 41 Climate and weather 7 Getting around 42 Language & Phrases 8 Outdoor activities 43 Where to stay 9 Nightlife 45 Getting around 11 One day itinerary 47 Cali Colombian cuisine 13 Cultural highlights 15 Medellin and Surrounds 49 Safety and kidnapping 18 Must see and do 50 Visa and vaccinations 21 Getting around 51 Cartagena Outdoor activities 52 Bogota and Surrounds 22 Nightlife 54 Must see and do 23 One day itinerary 56 Getting around 24 Outdoor activities 25 Greater Colombia 58 Medellin Nightlife 27 The Caribbean Coast 59 One day itinerary 29 The Pacific Coast 61 Zona Cafetera 63 Cali and Surrounds 31 Must see and do 32 Our Contributors 65 Colombia Greater Greater Getting around 33 See Our Other Guides 65 Outdoor activities 34 Get a Quote 66 Nightlife 36 One day itinerary 38 2 Welcome! Mysterious ruins obscured by ancient rainforests. Charming colonial towns with romantic, cobblestone alleyways. Authentic, hole-in the-wall venues hosting late- night salsa parties… Welcome to Colombia, where the only risk is wanting to stay. Contents Caribbean Coast Our Insiders’ Picks Cartagena of Colombia’s Top 10 Experiences Overview Immerse yourself in the Medellin Zona Cafetera Zona Grand adventures await in the central Pacific Coast Cafetera Bogota mountain corridors of Colombia. Cali Home to one of the friendliest and Bogota most admired cultural demographics – the Paisas – this region is known as the Colombian Coffee Axis, or the Eje Cafetero.
    [Show full text]
  • Kat's Great Adventures 1233 Tintern Drive
    Colombia - The Colombian Condor Road Cycling Tour 2021 Guided Tour 16 Days / 15 Nights The Colombian Condor Route is the experience any cyclists is eager to live. In these exuberant landscapes Colombian national cyclists train every day. The tour begins in the green mountains of the eastern Andes and ends in the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. During this tour you will see beautiful landscapes, cross flagship towns of the colonial era, enriched by its culture and gastronomy, and finally you will reach Cartagena - the iconic walled city of Spanish colonization. Kat’s Great Adventures 1233 Tintern Drive, Greely, Ontario K4P 1R6 – Direct: 613-241-0111 Extension 6 [email protected] Website: www.uniglobelexus.com/packages TICO # 50022092 Itinerary Day to Day Day 1: Arrival to Bogotá Arrival to Bogotá, airport pick up. In the evening we will gather with all the participants in order to go over the trip details. If you are already in Bogotá, we recommend you to enjoy a half day city tour in the historical center (extra cost). Day 2: Chía – Tunja 120 km + 1746 m This first stage is a good warm-up. You will start in Chia – a small town in the outskirts of Bogotá and you will pedal towards Boyacá department - this is where many famous Colombian cyclists come from. On the way to your first goal, you will visit the Bridge of Boyacá - a historical place, where the final independence battle of the New Granada (Colombia) took place. Soon after the Boyacá Bridge you will arrive at Tunja. Tunja is the highest Colombian city located at 2810 meters above sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • Wonders of Colombia
    Wonders of Colombia 7 Days Wonders of Colombia Discover the diverse landscapes and fascinating culture of Colombia, from its famous coffee-growing region to the sultry Caribbean coast. Start in Bogotá, a vibrant fusion of cultures, art, and architecture, then take in the dazzling scenery of Colombia's verdant "coffee triangle," home to some of the world's finest Arabica coffee beans. Hike in the otherworldly landscape of the Cocora Valley, where the world's tallest palm trees soar above the clouds, and explore the fascinating city of Cartagena with a local chef. This multi-faceted trip is a journey you'll never forget. Details Testimonials Arrive: Bogotá, Colombia "I have taken 12 trips with MT Sobek. Each has left a positive imprint on me—widening my view of the Depart: Cartagena, Colombia world and its peoples." Jane B. Duration: 7 Days Group Size: 4-12 Guests "I've taken six MT Sobek trips and they have all exceeded my expectations. The staff, the food, the Minimum Age: 15 Years Old logistics and the communications have always been exceptional. Thank you for being my "go to" Activity Level: adventure travel company!" Margaret I. REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 MT Sobek has been creating This carefully crafted short-trip Colombia is the hidden gem of pioneering trips across the journey is the perfect introduction South America, with amazing globe for 50 years, working with to Colombia. Explore the country's contrasts of culture and scenery the best local guiding teams top sights in in under a week! all to be found in this country.
    [Show full text]
  • Kat's Great Adventures 1233 Tintern Drive
    Colombia - Colombia's Highlights Culture and Nature Tour 2021 Guided Tour 10 Days / 9 Nights This ten day trip covers some of the most famous and beautiful areas of Colombia. First we will visit Bogotá and enjoy the buzz of this vibrant capital. We will also take you on a day trip to experience the highlands of Bogotá and to visit the Legendary Guatavita Lake (El Dorado Legend) and the beautiful Salt Cathedral of Zipaquira. Then we will experience the heart of Colombia, the “Coffee Triangle”, with its green mountains and valleys, coffee farms, beautiful colonial villages and the Cocora Valley. Afterwards, we will fly to the Caribbean coast to experience a different Colombia, with beaches, salsa rhythms and the colorful and charming Cartagena. The last part of the trip includes a stay within the Tayrona Natural Park. With the rainforest covered mountains reaching the white beaches, this is a perfect way to relax and enjoy the Caribbean after a very exciting program. Kat’s Great Adventures 1233 Tintern Drive, Greely, Ontario K4P 1R6 – Direct: 613-241-0111 Extension 6 [email protected] Website: www.uniglobelexus.com/packages TICO # 50022092 Itinerary Day to Day Day 1: Arrival in Bogotá Reception at the airport and transfer to the hotel. The hotel is located in the tourist area of Parque 93 known for its great restaurants and great atmosphere. At arrival you will receive a welcome call from one of the team members. Day 2: Bogotá – Full day city tour Duration 6-7 hours Full day private city tour to the historic part of Bogotá.
    [Show full text]
  • Manaf Travel and Tours - 120 Redpath Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K2G 6K4 TICO # 50024516
    Colombia - Walking in Colombia Culture and Light Trekking Tour 2021 Guided Tour 17 Days / 16 Nights Walking in Colombia focuses on the Andean region, combining cultural and trekking activities along the itinerary. The program starts with a visit to the charming state of Boyaca, north from the capital, which has some of the best- preserved colonial towns still keeping their traditional way of life. Here we find a hidden jewel called Paramo de Ocetá, a relatively unknown highland with a fantastic circular hike through pristine nature. Then we will travel back in time to the archeological sites of San Agustin and its beautiful natural sceneries in the southern Huila’s state with landscapes ranging from desert to green highlands. We also will enjoy the traditional city of Popayan on our way to the coffee area. At last, we will experience first-hand the coffee production, trek in the Los Nevados National park and enjoy the relaxing towns and landscapes that make this a must see in a trip to Colombia. Manaf Travel and Tours - 120 Redpath Drive, Ottawa, Ontario Canada K2G 6K4 www.manaftravel.com TICO # 50024516 Itinerary Day to Day Day 1: Arrival in Bogotá Arrival at Bogotá Airport and private transport to your hotel. Day 2: Bogotá City tour: Historical downtown, Gold Museum & Monserrate 6 – 7 hours Full day private city tour to the historic part of Bogotá. After breakfast, enjoy the historic center of the city on foot. You are right in the middle of the charming colonial area known as La Candelaria, and you will visit the world famous gold museum, the Plaza Bolivar and go by cable car to the Monserrate Sanctuary, at an altitude of 3152 m, overlooking the city.
    [Show full text]
  • 04. Culture 04
    04. 04. culture CulturE Millions of voices, colors and expressions colors Millions of voices, Colombia: a must-see destination Colombia: 04 09 contents Page 04 Medellin: Music and Urban Art Spray paint, Beats and Reggaeton Text by Andrea Uribe Yepes Photos by Santiago Marzola Page 10 Cosmopolitan Bogota Art and Fashion Capital Text by Nicolás Rocha Page 16 Cultural Cali Graphics and Salsa in Caliwood Text by Ángel Unfried Photos by Stephanie Montes and Mateo G. Rivas Page 22 Farmers’ Markets Gastronomy and Meeting Places Text and photos by Mateo G. Rivas Page 30 Heritage Façades Illustrations by Andrés Felfle Page 32 Religious Tourism Page 34 Other Cultural Experiences introduction 04 Culture In many countries of the world, it is not uncommon bia expresses itself and shares its heritage with the for the world “Colombia” to immediately bring the world. As for the accordion music and the bagpi- concept of music to people’s minds. We are still pes of the Caribbean coast, the proximity of these identified with coffee in many latitudes, but one of expressions and literary genius is organic; it seems the most dynamic export products of our country is that from these winds urgent voices emerge. the result of that mixture of cultures condensed into powerful and festive sounds: we are both drums and The nation’s capital is also a cultural hub. In accordion, but also Marimba and Sampler, we are visual arts, growth has been notorious over the harp and bagpipe, but also beats and loud voices. last decades. With the core dynamics of ARTBO, Our territory is home to the world capitals of art fairs occupy an increasingly prominent place in cumbia, salsa, vallenato, champeta and reggaeton.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombian Pesos Since Not Every Store Takes Credit Cards
    1 ¿WHO WE ARE? ABOUT US Medellin City Tours and Medellin City Services are two travel agencies providing private tours for small groups of 2-4 to areas of interest in and around Medellin. You tell us what you would like to see during your visit to Medellin and we take care of the rest. Whatever your needs may be, we will do our utmost to full them. Our driver’s have an extensive knowledge of Medellin, of where to go and what is going on in the city. Whatever your interests, Medellin City Tours is your answer. Contact us with your itinerary at [email protected] WHAT MAKE US DIFFERENT tr Satisfaction Guaranteed Personalized Services Affordable Rates We are so confident of the You tell us where you want to Our affordable rates start at just service we offer that we go, what you would like to see, $30 USD per hour around the guarantee your satisfaction or when you want to start and metropolitan area. your money back when you want to end. OUR ACTIVITIES We have developed tours according to your needs, Half-day tours for meeting Medellín and discovering our culture, Full-day tours for those who want to discover the wonders that Medellín and surroundings has to offer and Activities and entertainment tours for those who want to have fun, meet, dance, and enjoy. Half- Day Tours Activities & Entertaiment Tours Full- Day Tours OTHER SERVICES We can arrange safe and reliable airport We also offer personalized service for people pickup’s and returns if you wish, with bi- with reduced mobility such as wheelchairs.
    [Show full text]
  • STATUS of PROTECTED AREA SYSTEMS in the WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION Contents
    CEP Technical Report: 36 1996 STATUS OF PROTECTED AREA SYSTEMS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION Contents PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. RELEVANT ISSUES FOR PROTECTED AREA SYSTEMS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN 2.1. Socioeconomic Indicators 2.2. Biodiversity 2.3. International Agreements and Programmes 3. STATUS OF PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEMS 3.1. Overview 3.2. Marine and Coastal Conservation 3.3. Insular Caribbean 3.4. Central America Caribbean 3.5. South American Caribbean 3.6. North American Caribbean 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5. REFERENCES COUNTRY PROFILES Anguilla (United Kingdom) Antigua and Barbuda Aruba (Netherlands) Bahamas Barbados Belize British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic French Guiana (France) Grenada Guadeloupe (France) Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Martinique (France) Mexico Montserrat (United Kingdom) Netherlands Antilles (Netherlands) Nicaragua Panama Puerto Rico (USA) St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom) United States of America (Gulf States and Florida) US Virgin Islands (USA) Venezuela TABLES TABLE 1. SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS TABLE 2. MAJOR WETLANDS TABLE 3. FOREST AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS TABLE 4. ENDEMIC BIRD AREAS TABLE 5. SPECIES DIVERSITY TABLE 6. CONSERVATION AGREEMENTS AND PROGRAMMES TABLE 7. WIDER CARIBBEAN PROTECTED AREAS SUMMARY TABLE 8. INSULAR CARIBBEAN PROTECTED AREAS SUMMARY TABLE 9. CENTRAL AMERICAN CARIBBEAN PROTECTED AREAS SUMMARY TABLE 10. SOUTH AMERICAN CARIBBEAN PROTECTED AREAS SUMMARY TABLE 11. NORTH AMERICAN CARIBBEAN PROTECTED AREAS SUMMARY Note: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Poor Print Quality Comision Para Intercambio Educativo Colombia - Estados Unidos Comision Fulbright
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 430 849 SO 029 705 TITLE Colombia, Many Countries in One: Economic Growth, Environmental Sustainability, Sociocultural Divergence and Biodiversity. Profile and Paradox. Volumes I and II. Fulbright Hays Summer Seminars Abroad 1997 (Colombia). SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1997-08-00 NOTE 416p.; Some pictures may not reproduce well. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) LANGUAGE English, Spanish EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Curriculum Development; Elementary Secondary Education; *Environment; Environmental Research; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Social Studies; Sociocultural Patterns; *Sustainable Development IDENTIFIERS *Biological Diversity; *Colombia; Environmental Problems ABSTRACT This Fulbright Summer Seminar focused on the environmental challenge posed by Colombia's biodiversity and addressed the relationship between the last decade of Colombian economic development and the country's sociocultural situation, taking into account its historical background and the role of natural resources in a context of sustainable development. The seminar included an objective analysis Columbia's sociocultural and sociopolitical situation. Health conditions, education, living style, economy, geographical ecology and environmental aspects of Colombia's wealth were discussed in the academic portion of the seminar, along with the historical development of the country and its people. The traveling phase of the seminar included visits to three important
    [Show full text]