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2019 Regional Quality Survey

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2019 Regional Quality Survey Hard Red Winter Wheat 2019 Regional Quality Survey Cover Photo: Todd Johnson, Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 405.744.9333 [email protected] plainsgrains.org Idaho Wheat Commission Colorado Wheat Oklahoma Wheat Commission idahowheat.org Administrative Committee wheat.state.ok.us coloradowheat.org North Dakota Kansas Wheat Commission Wheat Commission South Dakota Wheat Commission kswheat.com ndwheat.com sdwheat.org Washington Grain Commissio Nebraska Wheat Board Texas Wheat Producers washingtongrainalliance.com Board and Association nebraskawheat.com texaswheat.org Montana Wheat Wyoming Wheat Oregon Wheat Commission & Barley Committee Growers Association owgl.org wbc.agr.mt.gov wyomingwheat.com Plains Grains, Inc. Plains Grains Inc. (PGI), a nonprofit, private entire Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat production quality-based marketing initiative, was formed in area. Each stateP may be G able to produce I. the 2004 through the Oklahoma Wheat Commission,PGI quality needed by foreign buyers, but it will Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food take multiple states to achieve the critical mass and Forestry and Oklahoma State needed to meet the quantity needs. University Division of Agricultural By working together as a region Sciences and Natural we can meet both quality and Resources. quantity demands. PGI was designed to bridge In 2004, PGI’s crop quality the gap between wheat survey included the PGI Oklahoma HRW wheat producers, grain companies and foreign and domestic crop. Designed as a regional flour millers to benefit all P G I. marketing entity, PGI then segments of the wheat industry. brought five other HRW wheat- producing states on board for the PGI facilitates the appropriate wheat-quality crop quality survey in 2005. Due to the tracking needed to provide millers with the quality welcome reception and success of PGI in the information they need to purchase U.S. wheat. foreign marketplace, the entire Great Plains HRW While state data is important, it is critical to PGI’s wheat production region now subscribes to the marketing goals to have quality data for the PGI crop quality survey. Visit our website at plainsgrains.org for up-to-date information, interactive maps and more! 2019 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 1 Feeding the World Wheat is one of the oldest and most widely Wheat flour is the major ingredient in many used food crops in the nation and it supplies favorite foods found across the globe. More foods approximately 20% of food calories for the are made from wheat than any other cereal grain. world’s population. Whole grains contain Wheat has the ability to produce a widely diverse protective antioxidants in amounts near or range of end-use products because each class exceeding those in fruits and vegetables. of wheat has distinct characteristics that create Wheat is the United States’ leading export crop unique functionality. and the fourth-leading field crop. The most HRW wheat is versatile with excellent milling and common class produced in the United States baking characteristics for pan breads. Principally is Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat. The class a used to make bread flour, HRW is also a choice variety fits into is determined by its hardness, the wheat for Asian noodles, hard rolls, flat breads kernels’ color and planting time. Other classes are and improving blending. Durum, Hard Red Spring, Soft Red Winter, Hard White and Soft White. HRW wheat accounts for about 40% of total Almost 50% of the wheat produced in the U.S. is U.S. wheat production and is grown primarily exported. Approximately one-third of the HRW in the Great Plains states of Colorado, Kansas, produced is exported. Nigeria is the No. 1 importer Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, of U.S. HRW, with a little more than 75% of its total South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming, and the Pacific imports coming from the U.S. Northwest. 2019 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 2 National Wheat Overview Wheat Major Classes This fall-seeded wheat is versatile with moderately high protein content and The six major classes of U.S. wheat are Hard Red excellent milling and baking characteristics. Winter (HRW), Hard Red Spring, Soft Principally used to make bread flour, Red Winter, Soft White, Hard White HRW is also a choice wheat for (HW) and Durum. Each class has Hard Asian noodles, hard rolls, flat a somewhat different end use Red Winter and production tends to be breads and is commonly used region-specific. This region is wheat accounts as an improver for blending. mostly limited to production for about 40% of of (HRW) and Hard White total U.S. wheat HW is the newest class of wheat, used for the same basic wheat classes, therefore the production. data in this publication will focus products as HRW wheat, can on the quality of those classes for the provide higher milling extraction and current crop year. requires less sweetener in whole-wheat products due to its milder, sweeter flavor. HRW wheat accounts for about 40% of total U.S. wheat production, dominates the U.S. wheat HW, which is closely related to Red wheats, receives export market and is grown primarily in the Great enthusiastic reviews when used for Asian noodles, Plains, stretching from the Mississippi River to the hard rolls, bulgar, tortillas, whole wheat or high- Pacific Ocean and from Canada to Mexico. extraction applications, pan breads or flatbreads. 2019 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 3 Crop Production Review & Analysis Overview average protein but otherwise good milling and processing characteristics. Throughout the Southern, The 2019 Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat crop was Central and Northern Plains, an unusually wet spring a sharp contrast to the 2018 crop when moisture from late April to early June (many areas saw 20 was very limiting throughout the growing season, inches/50 cm) or more over that period accompanied leading to a low production year but with protein by severe weather) uniformly delayed harvest concentration in the kernel. On the other hand, the two weeks or more. At the same time the Pacific 2019 crop was planted and developed in a favorable Northwest and Montana experienced abnormal swings environment throughout the growing season including in temperature and severe storms. Disease and insect abundant rainfall late in the growing season. The pressure in most production areas were unusually growing season was so favorable the crop in most low considering the intense and prolonged moisture areas matured 10 days to two weeks later than normal. received during the later stages of crop development. The environment effect was virtually no stress in the Overall, these conditions favored kernel size, weight crop in the Northern, Central and Southern Plains while and number of kernels developed. areas of the Pacific Northwest and Montana battled weather extremes. These conditions provided for record, or near-record, yields and larger-than-normal Samples and Methods compact kernels (high TKW and kernel diameter). Sample collection and analysis were conducted in However, testing would also indicate that even though a collaborative effort between the USDA ARS Hard mix times and tolerances are shorter than the five-year Winter Wheat Quality Lab (Manhattan, Kansas), averages, the loaf volumes achieved indicate adequate American Institute of Baking (AIB), Enid Grain protein quality to make an excellent quality loaf of Inspection and Plains Grains Inc. Overall, 494 (99% of bread (exceeded the five-year average loaf volume). the long-term average) samples were collected from This crop meets or exceeds typical HRW contract grain elevators when at least 30% of the local harvest specifications and provides high value to the customer. was completed in the 11 states of Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Weather and Harvest Dakota, Texas, Washington and Wyoming. The 2019 U.S. HRW wheat crop planted area continues Official grade and non-grade parameters were to hover at historic 100-year lows. However, the 2019 determined on each sample—106 composites were HRW production is estimated at 840 million bushels then formed based on production regions and protein (22.9 MMT) and up 27% from the 2018 crop of 662 ranges of <11.5%, 11.5%–12.5%, and >12.5% for overall million bushels (18.0 MMT) while planted area remained kernel characteristics. Milling, dough-functionality virtually unchanged. Large beginning world stocks and bake tests were run on 74 composites. Results by and low prices (still below the cost of production) protein ranges were then segregated by export region partially offset the marked production increase. USDA and reported by tributary as well as overall. Sampling estimated the HRW supply (excluding imports) at the was targeted at testing over 80% of the HRW wheat third highest in the last 20 years. Variable conditions production in the 11 states referenced above with challenged this crop like most years, but moisture weighting factors applied based on production and remained adequate or even excessive, in the central protein ranges calculated. The analytical methods and southern production areas especially. This resulted used to define the reported parameters are described generally in better-than-expected yields, lower-than- in the Analysis Methods section of this book. 2019 Hard Red Winter Wheat Regional Quality Survey | 4 Crop Production Review & Analysis Wheat and Grade Data the most concern. Protein content splits varied across the testing region and by tributary with The overall composite 2019 Hard Red Winter approximately 60% of samples being in the <11.5% (HRW) wheat crop official grade averaged 93% protein content category, 28% in the 11.5% –12.5% Grade No. 2 or better (Gulf tributary averaging category and 12% in the <12.5% category. The 91% and PNW tributary averaging 97%) when average wheat falling number for this crop is 378 considering all samples.
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