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An Approach to the Interpretation of Wor/D Heritage

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An Approach to the Interpretation of Wor/D Heritage Heritage Iuterpretatton Interuattoaal byfour outstanding mountainous national parks; Fiordland952!, Mount Cook 956!, Westland Te Wahipouniniu - an approach to 960!and Mt Aspiring964! Fig.1!.In 1986, the Interpretationof wor/d heritage Fiordlandand Westland/MountCook National wiiderness Parkswere designated byUNESCO as World HeritageSites. LeslieF. MoB'oy Coordinator,Interpretation Duringthe l970sand 80s, bitter resource New ZealandDepartment af Conservation controversiesraged throughout the South-West, P,O Sox 10-420 particularlythe raising of LakeManapouri for Wellington,New Zealand hydroelectricity,thepossible inining of Red Phone:64 f04! 471 0726 Mountainand thenon-sustainable logging of the FAX: 64 4! 471 3279 lowlandterrace forests of magnificentrimu snd kahikateatrees. In a majorenvironmental re- organisationof government in 1987,a new Departmentof Conservation DoC! was set up to replacethe former Lands, Forests and Wildlife THE SETTING agencies,and, in a landmarkconservation decisionin 1989,the reinaining!owland coastal The south-west of the South IsLandof New forests11,000 ha! of SouthWestland were Zealandis oneof the greatwildernesses of the reservedfroin tiinber production and passedto SouthernHemisphere. It is a landscapeboth DoC administration.This latter decisionpaved forbiddingand beautiful - peakswith glaciers theway for the effective doubling of thesize of descendingto densely-forestedcoasts, or tussock the a.reawith world heritagestatus Hutchingsk grasslandbasins dotted with lakes Potton1987; DoC 1989!.In December1990, UNESCOdesignated one large South-West New The Maori came to this land about 1PQ years Zealand Te Wahipounarnu!World Heritage Area ago,and they settled in srnaUnumbers around - an entitynow with highecological integrity the coastalmargins where inarine life Qeimoana! anddiversity, in contrastto therather patchwork wasplentiful. They did penetratethe and tatteredcloak of protectedareas that had mountainousinterior, often in searchof the beenstitched together over the previous100 highly-prizedpoummru greenstone!, a Isola years Figure1!. treasure!whose name becaiiie applied to the entirearea - TeWkbipounamu The Place of the Greenstone!. THE CHALLENGE At the end of the 18th Century,European sealers ThechaUenge now facing us as naturalheritage came,slaughtered the fur sealto thepaint of interpretersLshow do we interpretan areaas extinction,and moved on, With thediscovery of diverseas Te Wahipounamu,given: goldm Otagoand the West Coast in theearly 1860s,the South-Westwilderness was penetrated, ~ its Largesize of 2.6million ha, or 10%of the but nevertamed, by a progressionof prospectors area of New Zealand and explorers,surveyors and graziers, ~ its overwhelmingcharacter as uninhabited mou ntainous wilderness Tourismcame early to theSouth-West, virtually 0 the lack of any unifiedadministrative on theheels of theexplorers. The first Hermitage structure Hotelwas built below Mt. Cookin 1884,the ~ existinginterpretation that is somewhat MilfordTrack ~e FinestWalk in theWorld'! repetitivein thatit tendsto focuson the wasopened in 1890,and glacier guiding was samenatural and developmenthistories for availableat Waiho Franz Josef Glacier! an the the four nationalparks WestCoast by the turn of thecentury. ~ most existingdisplays have very little explicit interpretationof thenatural values that Theprotection of the South-West for tourism and justifiedthe acceptanceof thearea as World natureconservation was eventually recognized Heritage. Frceaeettnge Third GlobalCoagraea, Honolulu, Hawatt, a-8 Novaruber1891 visitswith overnight stays in Mt, Cookand Queenstown.Most overseas visitors to Milford Soundtry to cramthis highlight into a long single-dayreturn road journey of 500km from Queenstown,leading to severecongestion of the mountainous Milford Road and diminished opportunitiesforon-site interpretation of one of the world'smost dramatic landscapes, There is a strongperception of the need to 'slow down' vi.sitorsto theworld heritage area PATA,1989! by developingloca'l nature tourism enterprises withassociated pockets of accommodationand guidingservices. THE 1NTERPRFHVE GOAL Our interpretivegoal, then, is to helpthe visitor appreciatethe ecological diversity and integrity of the overallworld heritagearea - while recognisingthe distinctcharacter of' the individualregional components, This is consistentwith DoC's wider goalsof heritage protectionand interpretatio~, and the fostering of conservation tourism. Figure1. Locationand protectedarea compositionof South-West New Zealand World Heritage Area, THE NATURAL CHARACTER OF TE WA HIPOlPJAMU The essentialcharacter of the worM heritage area canbe summedup in sixkeywords: wilderness; ~ virtually aUthe lands involved are the ancient;dynamic; diverse; danger; and scenic. subjectof a claimby theNgai Tahu people Thekeywords sum up thesix maj or natural concerningthe jushce and propriety of the heritagethemes which satisfied all 4 of origina!transfer of thetitle and resources UNESCO'scriteria for worlclheritage status. fromthem, as indigenous owners, to the Crown,in terms of the Treaty of Waitangi, The major heritagethemes are; ~ Long isolationand ancient lifeforms Themajor unifying feature is thatthe areais Condwanaland, absence of m a>+mals! virtuallyall conservation land, managed by the ~ Plate boundary/Mountain uplift Departmentof Conservationunder statutes ~ 'Mountains-to-Sea' glaciatedlandscapes whichensure its protection,and fosteringof ~ Diversity of clitnates,landforms, soils and accessfor recreation and tourism where use does habitats not jeopardisethe heritage ~ Endangered and rare species ~ Superlativescenic features While DoC managesand interprets,it is not chargedwith marketinga 'world heritage Someof this naturalcharacter is currently experience'to potentialvisitors; neither is there interpretedin theexisting nine visitor centres anytourist agency with an overallcoordinating Figure2!, but many dispLrys are dated. The function for the area. The traditional tourist entireinterpretive dimension has been reviewed visitationpattern tends to concentrateon short TeWahipounanru - anapproach to the interpretation nf World Heritage wilderness Her}tagaIutarprstatton Internatioaal to providea bettermodel for bringing the To date, a detailed interpretation strategy heritagecharacter alive to the visitor. Bathgate1990! has been prepared for mostof one of these aranui, SH6 from Fox Glacier to Makarora Figure 3!. Fundamentalto the strategy wasan analysisof theLindscape visible from this 'heritagehighway'. This was followed by a range of new recreation/tourismdevelopments usually interpretivewalks or facilities!established by DoC with the advice of local community, Maori and conservationgroups Thesedevelopments include: ~ a new 'nature tourism' visitor centre at Has st; ~ upgradingof two 'gateway'visitor centresat FoxGlacier Westland National Park! and Makarora Mt AspiringNational Park!; ~ 13activity sites, all with walks and on-site interpretation; ~ a 'heritagehighway' travellers guidebook and a seriesof natural history publications. ln all, 30 different heritage elements will be interpreteda.t the 13activity sites along the arariui. These elements all illustrate one, or more, of the six main natural heritage themes which were advancedto justify world heritage status for the whole area DoC 1989!. Figure2. Heritagehighways 'aranui'! and existingvisitor centresfor South-WestNew The Haastvisitor centre has a particularly Zealand World Heritage Area, importantrole as the main interpretivecentre, partlybecause its strategiclocation at the THE MODEL - ARANUI THROUGH THE junctionof thethree branches of thearanui. TTie WILDERNESS storylines or theHaast visitor centre displays and film/audio-visualmedia will also concentrate Mostvisitors will onlyexperience the world on the human element in the wilderness - the heritagearea along main tourist roads, which we "interactionof peopleand nature"theme have termed "aranui" a Maori word meaning recommendedby PATAand supportedby DoC "majorpathway' !, Thesearanui are indeed and the South Westland community. 'pathwaysthrough the wilderness'; the three most important Fig 2! are; CONCLUSlONS Lake Pukaki to Mount Cook inland Canterb ury! Over the next 10years the conceptwill be Whataroato Makarora SouthWestland and extendedto the rest of Te Wahipounamu WHA, NW Otago!, S.H.6 by upgradingkey visitor centresand gateways Queenstown-TeAnau-Milford Southland Tike Mount Cook and Queenstown, and and Fiordiand! undertakingsite interpretation along the other two majoraranui into the wilderness.Overall, Eachhas the potential to givethe traveller five inajorconclusions stand out; insightsinto the fascinatingecology of the naturalLtndscape around them. PreaeerttngIS Third Global COrstrreee, Horsotutu. HaWaii, a-a NOVembert991 REFERENCES Interpretive Sites FI~ RAJOS ~ 'IA A and Stories . Gleel ~I Aerv Bathgate,J, 1990.Interpretation strategy: SouthWestland. Department of F ne GIASror Conservation, Hokitika. ere ol F ARIRGA Departmentof Conservation.1989. Gr~ etc e -RecceI r Nominationof South-WestNew Zealand erohere TeWahipounamu! forinclusion in the WorldHeritage list, Department of Conservation. Wellington. *SANTFLAT Hutching,G., and Potton,C, Eds.1987. IdeeOloereen ~ leoel on GATESOF RAAST Forests,Fiords and Glaciers.the casefor -OorSee a South-West New Zealand World -elenSneeeeIr ASSrSI~ -M I ~rue ~I Heritagesite. Royal Forest and Bird ProtectionSociety of NZ. Wellington. Fr SLEER~nVEA Reconloeel ~ Relnler.Se~ I er*I Pacific Area Travel Association,1988
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