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Cedar/Ortega River Basin, Florida, Restoration: an Assessment of Sediment Trapping in the Cedar River

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Cedar/Ortega River Basin, Florida, Restoration: an Assessment of Sediment Trapping in the Cedar River SPECIAL PUBLICATION SJ2004-SP33 CEDAR/ORTEGA RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA, RESTORATION: AN ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRAPPING IN THE CEDAR RIVER PHASE 2 FINAL REPORT UFL/COEL-2004/001 CEDAR/ORTEGA RIVER BASIN, FLORIDA, RESTORATION: AN ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRAPPING IN THE CEDAR RIVER PHASE 2 FINAL REPORT By Ashish J. Mehta And Earl J. Hayter Submitted to: St. Johns River Water Management District Palatka, FL 32178-1429 Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Program Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 February, 2004 SYNOPSIS This report includes the findings of the study, “Remediation/Restoration of Cedar/Ortega Rivers. Phase 2: Scope of Work to Assess Fine Sediment Deposition, Erosion and Transport Rates and Evaluate Dredge Scenarios”, carried out by the University of Florida (UF) for the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD), Palatka, Florida. The project objective was to predict the rates of deposition, erosion and transport of fine sediment, to evaluate proposed remedial dredging works (e.g., sediment trap/channel dredging, computation of dredge volumes), and to develop management strategies in the lower Cedar/Ortega Rivers. This objective was met by carrying out physical measurements, modeling hydrodynamics and sediment transport, and evaluate present and future rates of sediment deposition, erosion and transport under selected remediation scenarios provided by SJRWMD. We have examined both on-line and off-line sediment removal approaches, specifically off-line Wet Detention Systems and on-line dredged pits, as well as dredging and sand capping in the Cedar/Ortega River confluence area. Three assessment criteria have been used qualitatively to rank the 11 options; these criteria being – removal of contaminated sediment from its source in upstream Cedar River, improved navigability in the confluence area and water quality. We find that if the capture of contaminated sediment from upstream sources in Cedar River is the only or the main goal, one of the two off-line sites proposed by SJRWMD, preferably the one closer to the source of sediment, would be the preferred choice, provided the facility operates at very high, i.e, 80% removal efficiency. If improvement is navigation coupled with reduced resuspension of in situ material is additionally desired, selective dredging and sand capping in the Cedar/Ortega confluence area should be considered. If capping proves to be costly, removal of the top layer of very soft mud from areas where boats regularly ply the waters may be further evaluated. We would like to acknowledge the cooperation and assistance provided by Dr. Chandy John and Dr. Fred Morris of SJRWMD throughout the study. Principal contributors to the appendices of this report, Dr. Earl Hayter, Dr. Robert Kirby and Dr. John Land, and UF graduate students Vladimir Paramygin, Jason Gowland and Dan Stoddard are recognized. A noteworthy contribution independent of the present study was also made by visiting researcher Fernando Marván. Prior contribution by graduate student Jianhua Jiang to Phase 1 of this study formed the basis for the design of the present Phase 2. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNOPSIS......................................................................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................ix 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Preamble.......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Objective.......................................................................................................................4 1.3 Tasks .............................................................................................................................6 1.3.1 Task 1: Assembly of Existing Data....................................................................6 1.3.2 Task 2: Samples for Engineering Characterization of Sediments ...................6 1.3.3 Task 3: ADCP, Water Level and Salinity Measurements.................................6 1.3.4 Task 4: Sediment Load Rating Curves ..............................................................7 1.3.5 Task 5: Model Setup, Simulations and Results.................................................7 1.3.6 Task 6: Run Model Scenarios............................................................................7 1.3.7 Task 7: Dredging Alternatives Evaluation........................................................8 2. OBSERVATIONS FROM FIELD INFORMATION ..........................................................9 2.1 Preamble.......................................................................................................................9 2.2 Bottom Sediment Sampling ........................................................................................9 2.2.1 Cedar River ..................................................................................................13 2.2.2 Ortega River.................................................................................................14 2.2.3 Inner Confluence Region............................................................................15 2.2.4 Outer Confluence Region............................................................................16 iii 2.2.5 Data Statistics ..............................................................................................17 2.3 Hydrographic Measurements...................................................................................18 2.4 Suspended Solids Content from Acoustic Profiling ...............................................24 3. LABORATORY TESTING FOR SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ........................................30 3.1 Preamble.....................................................................................................................30 3.2 Erosion and Settling Tests ........................................................................................30 3.3 Settling Velocity Algorithm ......................................................................................32 3.4 Consolidation .............................................................................................................35 4. SEDIMENT REMEDIATION .............................................................................................37 4.1 Sediment Treatment Scenarios ................................................................................37 4.2 Wet Detention Systems..............................................................................................41 4.3 Cedar River Sediment Trapping Modeling Results...............................................42 4.3.1 Cartesian Grid Modeling Results................................................................42 4.3.2 Curvilinear-Orthogonal Grid Modeling Results ........................................43 4.3.2.1 Off-line Sediment Traps..................................................................46 4.3.2.2 On-line Sediment Traps..................................................................47 4.3.2.3 Results from Sediment Trap Simulations ......................................50 4.4 On-Line Alternative: Dredging in the Confluence Area........................................56 4.5 Selective Dredging .....................................................................................................58 4.6 Selective Dredging and Capping ..............................................................................59 5. ASSESSMENT OF REMEDIATION ALTERNATIVES.................................................60 5.1 Selected Alternatives/Options...................................................................................60 5.2 Qualitative Assessment .............................................................................................60 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................64 iv LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Page No. 1.1 Regional map of the Lower St. Johns River basin ......................................................... 2 1.2 Cedar/Ortega River system and tributaries..................................................................... 4 2.1 Bottom sediment-sampling sites in 1998. The region is conveniently divided into four regions (from Appendix A) ................................................................ 9 2.2 Composition of area bottom sediment (from Appendix A).......................................... 10 2.3 Moisture content distribution (from Appendix A) ....................................................... 11 2.4 Total solids distribution (from Appendix A)................................................................ 11 2.5 Total organic carbon distribution (from Appendix A) ................................................. 12 2.6 Sedimentation rates (based on Donoghue, 1999) ......................................................... 12 2.7 Cedar/Ortega River data collection sites (from Appendix E) ...................................... 19 2.8 Simulated
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