2021 Alaska Studies Plan
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Boreogadus Saida) and Safron Cod (Eleginus Gracilis) Early Life Stages in the Pacifc Arctic
Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02494-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Spatio‑temporal distribution of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and safron cod (Eleginus gracilis) early life stages in the Pacifc Arctic Cathleen D. Vestfals1 · Franz J. Mueter2 · Janet T. Dufy‑Anderson3 · Morgan S. Busby3 · Alex De Robertis3 Received: 24 September 2018 / Revised: 15 March 2019 / Accepted: 18 March 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and safron cod (Eleginus gracilis) are key fshes in the Arctic marine ecosystem, serving as important trophic links between plankton and apex predators, yet our understanding of their life histories in Alaska’s Arctic is extremely limited. To improve our knowledge about their early life stages (ELS), we described the spatial and temporal distributions of prefexion larvae to late juveniles (to 65 mm in length) in the Chukchi and western Beaufort seas based on surveys conducted between 2004 and 2013, and examined how their abundances varied in response to environmental factors. Species-specifc diferences in habitat use were found, with polar cod having a more ofshore and northern distribution than safron cod, which were found closer inshore and farther south. Polar cod prefexion and fexion larvae were encountered throughout the sampling season across much of the shelf, which suggests that spawning occurs over several months and at multiple locations, with Barrow Canyon potentially serving as an important spawning and/or retention area. Polar cod ELS were abundant at intermediate temperatures (5.0–6.0 °C), while safron cod were most abundant at the highest temperatures, which suggests that safron cod may beneft from a warming Arctic, while polar cod may be adversely afected. -
Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog
Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-048) Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5038 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photographs of various fish studied for this report. Background photograph shows Arctic icebergs and ice floes. Photograph from iStock™, dated March 23, 2011. Alaska Arctic Marine Fish Ecology Catalog By Lyman K. Thorsteinson and Milton S. Love, editors Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program (OCS Study, BOEM 2016-048) Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5038 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2016 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://store.usgs.gov. Disclaimer: This Scientific Investigations Report has been technically reviewed and approved for publication by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. The information is provided on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of this information. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. -
Trophic Dynamics and Stock Characteristics of Snow Crabs, Chionoecetes Opilio, in the Alaskan Arctic
Trophic dynamics and stock characteristics of snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, in the Alaskan Arctic Item Type Thesis Authors Divine, Lauren Mallory Download date 04/10/2021 10:11:16 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6810 TROPHIC DYNAMICS AND STOCK CHARACTERISTICS OF SNOW CRABS, CHIONOECETES OPILIO, IN THE ALASKAN ARCTIC By Lauren Mallory Divine, B.S., M.S. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Marine Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2016 APPROVED: Katrin Iken, Committee Chair Bodil A. Bluhm, Committee Member James R. Lovvorn, Committee Member Gordon H. Kruse, Committee Member Franz J. Mueter, Committee Member Sarah M. Hardy, Department Chair, Department of Marine Biology Bradley Moran, Dean, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences John C. Eichelberger, Dean, Graduate School ABSTRACT Arctic waters off the coast of Alaska have become increasingly open to human activities via dramatic climatic changes, such as reduced sea ice thickness and extent, warming ocean temperatures, and increased freshwater input. This research advances knowledge of snow crab trophic dynamics and stock characteristics in Arctic waters off the Alaska coast. Here, I provided baseline information regarding snow crab position in Beaufort Sea benthic food webs, its specific dietary habits in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas, and expanded upon previously limited life-history and population dynamic data in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. I first detailed benthic food webs on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf and snow crab trophic positions within these food webs using stable S13C and S15N isotope analysis. Water column and sediment particulate organic matter (POM) were used as primary food web end members. -
Late Summer Distribution of Cetaceans Near Barrow, Alaska: Results from Aerial Surveys Conducted During the Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study, 2007–11
Late Summer Distribution of Cetaceans near Barrow, Alaska: Results from Aerial Surveys Conducted During the Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study, 2007–11 KIM E. W. SHELDEN, JULIE A. MOCKLIN, KIMBERLY T. GOETZ, DAVID J. RUGH, LINDA VATE BRATTSTRÖM, and NANCY A. FRIDAY Introduction arctic. For management purposes, four Endangered Species Act (Muto et bowhead whale stocks are currently al., 2016). These stocks occur in the Bowhead whales, Balaena mystice- recognized by the International Whal- Okhotsk Sea (Russian waters), Da- tus, are distributed in seasonally ice ing Commission (IWC) (IWC, 2010) vis Strait and Hudson Bay (western covered waters of the Arctic and sub- and are protected under the U.S. Ma- Greenland and eastern Canadian wa- rine Mammal Protection Act and U.S. ters), the eastern North Atlantic (the Spitsbergen stock near Svalbard), and Kim Shelden ([email protected]), Julie the Bering/Chukchi/Beaufort seas. Mocklin, Kim Goetz, Linda Vate Brattström, Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, and Nancy Friday are with the Marine Mam- Ltd., 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wel- The latter is the Western Arctic mal Laboratory (MML), Alaska Fisheries Sci- lington 6021 NZ. Dave Rugh (retired MML) is stock, the largest remnant popula- ence Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, at 17416 95th Ave. NE, Bothell, WA 98011. The NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, findings and conclusions in this paper are those tion and only stock found within U.S. WA 98115-6349. Julie Mocklin and Linda Vate of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent waters (Rugh et al., 2003), gener- Brattström are currently with the Joint Institute the views of the National Marine Fisheries Ser- ally north of lat. -
Ice Seal Movements and Foraging: Village-Based Satellite Tracking and Collection of Traditional Ecological Knowledge Regarding Ringed and Bearded Seals
_______________ OCS Study BOEM 2019-079 Ice Seal Movements and Foraging: Village-Based Satellite Tracking and Collection of Traditional Ecological Knowledge Regarding Ringed and Bearded Seals – Final Report NMFS Permit #20466 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska Region www.boem.gov OCS Study BOEM 2019-079 _______________ OCS Study BOEM 2019-079 Cover photo: An adult male ringed seal (RS19-03-M) captured near Utqiaġvik, Alaska, on 23 June 2019 with a satellite-linked transmitter (SPLASH tag) epoxied to the hair on its back. Photo by Kevin Fisher. Prepared under BOEM Contract M13PC00015 ii Pinniped Movements and Foraging: Village-Based Satellite Tracking and Collection of Traditional Ecological Knowledge Regarding Ringed and Bearded Seals Authors Lori T. Quakenbush Justin A. Crawford Mark. A. Nelson Justin R. Olnes Prepared under BOEM Contract M13PC00015 by Alaska Department of Fish and Game P.O. Box 25526 Juneau, Alaska 99802-5526 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Anchorage, Alaska Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region November 2019 iii DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY This report may be downloaded from the boem.gov website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS) by referencing OCS Study BOEM 2019-079. -
Safeguarding Important Areas in the U.S. Arctic Ocean
A brief from Aug 2015 Getty Images Milo Burcham Safeguarding Important Areas in the U.S. Arctic Ocean Overview The U.S. Arctic Ocean supports unique species found nowhere else in the country and is home to indigenous Inupiat people who have thrived on its bounty for thousands of years. The Pew Charitable Trusts believes that a balance must be struck between responsible economic development and preservation of ecosystem integrity and function in the Arctic Ocean. Safeguarding especially important areas can help the rapidly changing Arctic environment remain healthy, while providing local communities and the businesses that have invested there with more certainty about the future management of the region. Marine life is abundant throughout the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. But recent syntheses of the best available science support the idea that certain areas, often those with distinct physical or oceanographic features, make exceptional contributions to ecosystem function and subsistence.1 These sites have characteristics that make them important migration routes; provide vital habitat for marine mammal breeding, spawning, or foraging; and offer ideal conditions for the microscopic organisms that form the foundation of the marine food web. They are also crucial to the long-term health of the wildlife that sustain subsistence activities and to the spiritual, nutritional, and cultural well-being of the region’s communities. In January 2015, President Barack Obama permanently withdrew 9.8 million acres of Arctic marine waters from oil and gas leasing under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act.2 The five areas set aside include: a coastal corridor in the Chukchi Sea, two whaling areas adjacent to the communities of Barrow and Kaktovik, the northwestern waters of Barrow Canyon, and a shallow shelf known as Hanna Shoal. -
Gray Whales and Pacific Walrus Benthic Feeding Grounds and Sea
w OCS Studv GRAY WHALE AND PACIFIC WALRUS BENTHIC FEEDING GROUNDS AND SEA FLOOR INTERACTION IN THE CHUKCHI SEA C. Hans Nelson R. Lawrence Phillips James McRea, Jr. John H. Barber, Jr. Mark W. McLaughlin John L. Chin U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 TECHNICAL REPORT FOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE / IA No. 141571 OCS Study MMS 93-0042 GRAY WHALE AND PACIFIC WALRUS BENTHIC FEEDING GROUNDS AND SEA FLOOR INTERACTION IN THE CHUKCHI SEA C. Hans Nelson R. Lawrence ~hillips' James McRea, Jr. John H. Barber, Jr. Mark W. McLaughlin John L. Chin U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 TECHNICAL REPORT FOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE / IA No. 14157 This study was funded by the Alaska Outer Continental Shelf ~egion of the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Anchorage, Alaska, through Interagency Agreement 14157 with the U.S. Geological Survey. July, 1994 The opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report or product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect ythe views of the U.S. Department of the Tnterior, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. PROJECT PERSONNEL Hans Nelson Co-Chief Investigator, Marine mammal feeding trace specialist Larry Phillips Co-Chief Investigator, Chukchi area specialist. Jim McRea Implementation of image analysis technique John Barber Development of image analysis technique and organization of final report John Chin Identification of sidescan sonar records bearing marine mammal feeding traces Mark McLaughlin Report editing and figure preparation ABSTRACT Sidescan sonar has been used to delineate benthic feeding grounds of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) and the. -
Analysis of Climate Change Impacts in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas with Strategies for Future Research
ARCTIC OCEAN SYNTHESIS: ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE CHUKCHI AND BEAUFORT SEAS WITH STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH RUSS HOPCROFT, BODIL BLUHM, ROLF GRADINGER (EDITORS) INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA, FAIRBANKS DECEMBER 2008 1 Arctic Ocean Synthesis: Analysis of Climate Change Impacts in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas with Strategies for Future Research Ian McDonald/ TAMU TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................3 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 6 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 18 SEA ICE.......................................................................................................................................... 24 PHYTOPLANKTON (PRIMARY PRODUCTION) .................................................................................. 33 MICROBES...................................................................................................................................... 38 ZOOPLANKTON .............................................................................................................................. 45 BENTHOS ....................................................................................................................................... 56 FISH .............................................................................................................................................. -
Summer in the Western Beaufort Sea
Summer in the Western Beaufort Sea: Results from Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals, July and August, 2012 Megan Ferguson1*, Janet Clarke2, Rebecca Shea1 , Amelia Brower1, and Cynthia Christman1 1 National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA 2 Ocean Sciences Division, SAIC, Buckley, WA, USA * [email protected] Abstract surveys in this region, including over 14,000 km on transect, with total summer flight effort amounting to over 28,500 km. The lengthened open water season and reduced sea ice coverage in the Arctic foretell increased human activities in this Bowhead whales were found on 13 days, distributed primarily along the outer continental shelf, in 61 sightings totaling 118 region, including shipping, fishing, recreation, and oil and gas exploration, development, and production. In order to whales, including 11 calves. Belugas were found on 22 days, distributed primarily over the continental slope, in 395 minimize and mitigate the effects of anthropogenic activities on arctic marine mammals, information on marine mammal sightings totaling 2253 individuals. Gray whales (29 sightings, 60 individuals, including 4 calves) were sighted on five days, ecology is needed for all seasons in which activities could occur. Aerial surveys have proven effective for studying the near Barrow Canyon. Walruses (28 sightings, 923 individuals) were sighted on four days, near Barrow Canyon and over distribution and behavior, and inferring the density, of arctic marine mammals within large study areas. Since 1987, broad- the continental slope in the western half of the region. Polar bears (11 sightings, 28 individuals, including 4 cubs or scale aerial survey coverage in the western Beaufort Sea has been mainly limited to the months of September and October. -
Cardno ENTRIX Report Template
Impacts to Essential Fish Habitat from Non-fishing Activities in Alaska September 20, 2016 INITIAL REVIEW DRAFT Prepared by National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Region Habitat Conservation Division National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Region Page Intentionally Left Blank Executive Summary The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) is the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters. First passed in 1976, the MSA fosters long-term biological and economic sustainability of our nation's marine fisheries out to 200 nautical miles from shore. In 1996, the United States (U.S.) Congress added new habitat conservation provisions to the to assist the fishery management councils in the description and identification of Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) in fishery management plans (FMPs); including adverse impacts on such habitat, and in the consideration of actions to ensure the conservation and enhancement of such habitat. The MSA also requires federal agencies to consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) on all actions or proposed actions that are permitted, funded, or undertaken by the agency that may adversely affect EFH. To specifically meet national standards 2 and 6 of the MSA, EFH descriptions and any conservation and management measures shall be based on the best scientific information available and allow for variations among, and contingencies in, fisheries, fishery resources, and catches. Previous iterations of the report Impacts to Essential Fish Habitat from Non-fishing Activities in Alaska addressed non-fishing activities requiring EFH consultations and activities that may adversely affect EFH and also offered example conservation measures for a wide variety of non-fishing activities. -
Aerial Sightings of Pacific Walruses
Cynthia L. Christman*, Megan C. Ferguson, Amelia A. Brower Aerial sightings of Pacific walruses National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the *[email protected] Alaskan Arctic, summer and fall 2012, with Janet T. Clarke Ocean Sciences Division Science Applications International Corporation, a comparison to sightings from 2009-2011 Buckley, WA, USA ABSTRACT Marine mammal aerial surveys were conducted in the 2012 RESULTS A COMPARISON WITH 2009-2011 Alaskan Arctic from summer through fall 2012, as part of the ongoing No. Animals Aerial Surveys of Arctic Marine Mammals (ASAMM) project, funded by Species Project Date • Total Effort: Observed the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Additional aerial surveys, 140,340 km flown over 549 hrs Or ASAMM 30-Jun-2012 573 A B C funded by the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee, were conducted in Or ASAMM 1-Jul-2012 90 Or ASAMM 2-Jul-2012 222 July to assess the eastern Chukchi Sea stock of belugas. The primary • Transect Effort: Or ASAMM 4-Jul-2012 8 study area encompassed the western Beaufort and northeastern Or ASAMM 5-Jul-2012 123 56,007 km flown over 264 hrs Chukchi seas (68oN -72oN, 140 oW-169oW), extending from the coast Or ASAMM 6-Jul-2012 527 Or ASAMM 8-Jul-2012 48 to a maximum of approximately 315 km offshore. A secondary survey Or ASAMM 10-Jul-2012 61 • Walruses were observed in all area in the Chukchi Sea, located north of the primary study area (72oN Or ASAMM 11-Jul-2012 35 months of the study period Or ASAMM 12-Jul-2012 178 -73oN, 160oW-163oW), was also flown. -
Environmental Drivers of Benthic Fish Distribution in and Around Barrow
Deep-Sea Research Part II 152 (2018) 170–181 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research Part II journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsr2 Environmental drivers of benthic fish distribution in and around Barrow Canyon in the northeastern Chukchi Sea and western Beaufort Sea T ⁎ Elizabeth Logerwella, , Kimberly Randa, Seth Danielsonb, Leandra Sousac a Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA b College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA c Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, 1274 Agvik Street, Barrow, AK 99723, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: We investigate the relationships between Arctic fish and their environment with the goal of illustrating Chukchi Sea mechanisms of climate change impacts. A multidisciplinary research survey was conducted to characterize fish Arctic zone distribution and oceanographic processes in and around Barrow Canyon in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in Zoobenthos summer 2013. Benthic fish were sampled with standard bottom trawl survey methods. Oceanographic data were Arctic cod collected at each trawl station. The density of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), the most abundant species, was Climatic changes related to bottom depth, salinity and temperature. Arctic cod were more abundant in deep, cold and highly 70° 45’N 161°W – 72° 15’N 156°W saline water in Barrow Canyon, which was likely advected from the Chukchi Shelf or from the Arctic Basin. We hypothesize that Arctic cod occupied Barrow Canyon to take advantage of energy-rich copepods transported in these water masses.