DOCSLIB.ORG

Hammer Creek Headwaters Alternate Restoration Plan Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hammer Creek Headwaters Alternate Restoration Plan Lebanon County, Pennsylvania Hammer Creek Headwaters Alternate Restoration Plan Lebanon County, Pennsylvania Prepared by: Accepted by EPA April 26, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 2. Aquatic-Life Impaired Stream Segments in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed per the 2018 Final Pennsylvania Integrated Report ....................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 1. Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed. .............................................................................................. 4 Figure 3. Example stream segments illustrating upper Hammer Creek’s potential as a trout fishery ...................... 6 Table 3. Existing NPDES-Permitted Discharges in Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed. ............................... 7 ARP APPROACH ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 SELECTION OF THE REFERENCE WATERSHED ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. Ontelaunee Creek Subwatershed. .............................................................................................................. 9 Table 4. Comparison of the Impaired (Hammer Creek Headwaters) and Reference (Ontelaunee Creek) Subwatersheds. ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Table 5. Existing NPDES-Permitted Discharges in the Ontelaunee Creek Subwatershed and their Potential Contribution to Sediment Loading. ......................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 5. Example stream segments in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed with heavy sediment deposition. .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 6. Example agricultural practices in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed that may result in excessive sediment loading ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 7. Example stream segments in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed with obvious bank erosion and potential legacy sediment accumulations........................................................................................................ 15 Figure 8. Example buffered headwater and mainchannel stream segments in the Ontelaunee Creek reference subwatershed. ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 9. Example agricultural practices in the Ontelaunee Creek Subwatershed that may lead to excessive sediment loading. .................................................................................................................................................... 17 COMPARISON OF FINE SEDIMENT DEPOSITS IN THE IMPAIRED AND REFERENCE WATERSHEDS .......................... 18 Figure 11. Sediment sampling reach within the Ontelaunee Creek Subwatershed................................................. 20 Figure 12. Mean (+/- sd) depth of fine sediment deposits in pools of the Hammer Creek (impaired) and Ontelaunee Creek (reference) subwatersheds. ....................................................................................................... 21 Figure 13. Mean (+/- sd) proportion of sampling points dominated by <2mm (sieve size) deposits within riffles of the Hammer Creek (impaired) and Ontelaunee Creek (reference) subwatersheds. ............................................... 21 HYDROLOGIC / WATER QUALITY MODELING ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 14. Riparian buffer analysis in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed ........................................... 25 Figure 15. Riparian buffer analysis in the Ontelaunee Creek reference subwatershed .......................................... 26 CALCULATION OF THE ALLOWABLE LOADING RATE ....................................................................................................................... 27 ii Table 6. Existing Annual Average Loading Values for Ontelaunee Creek Subwatershed, reference ...................... 27 Table 7. Existing Annual Average Loading Values for the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed, impaired . 28 Table 8. Annual Average Allowable Loading for the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed ......................... 28 CALCULATION OF THE SOURCE LOAD ALLOCATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 28 CALCULATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY FACTOR AND SOURCE LOAD ............................................................................................... 29 CALCULATION OF THE ADJUSTED SOURCE LOAD ...................................................................................................................... 29 Table 9. Source Load, Loads Not Reduced and Adjusted Source Load as Annual Averages ................................... 29 CALCULATION OF SEDIMENT LOAD REDUCTIONS BY SOURCE SECTOR ................................................................................. 30 Table 10. Sediment Load Allocations for Source Sectors in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed, Annual Average Values ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 CONSIDERATION OF CRITICAL CONDITIONS AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS ......................................................................... 31 AN ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE BMPS ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 16. Proposed physical BMPs in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed. Note that other BMP opportunities may exist in other areas and it is not intended to limit physical BMPs to only those opportunities shown on this map. ................................................................................................................................................. 33 Table 12. Cost analysis of BMP opportunities. All costs are reported as dollars. .................................................... 34 Figure 17. Estimated total annualized cost per pound of sediment removed per year for BMPs. .......................... 35 AGRICULTURAL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL PLANS ............................................................................................... 35 CONSERVATION TILLAGE .................................................................................................................................................... 36 COVER CROPS .................................................................................................................................................................. 37 CONVENTIONAL RIPARIAN BUFFERS ...................................................................................................................................... 37 PRECISION GRASS FILTER STRIPS .......................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 18. Drainage networks within the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed. .......................................... 40 Figure 19. Drainage networks with flowlines and land use. ................................................................................... 41 Figure 20. Key drainagesheds with proposed precision grass buffers..................................................................... 42 Table 13. Contribution of sediment from each drainageshed to the subwatershed total and predicted % sediment removal by the precision buffers for the 1-yr and 5-yr storms. ............................................................................... 43 Table 14. Sediment reduction credit for installing 50-foot wide (or 15m) tall grass buffers on each side of the drainagelines as shown in Figure 16. ...................................................................................................................... 45 STREAMBANK STABILIZATION/STREAM RESTORATION .............................................................................................................. 45 Figure 21. Proposed comprehensive stream restoration site (NHD flowline shown as orange dates) in the Hammer Creek Headwaters Subwatershed. .......................................................................................................................... 47 GRAZING LAND MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5
    NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5 DATABASE DESIGN DOCUMENTATION AND DATA DICTIONARY 1 June 2013 Prepared for: United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, Maryland 21403 Prepared By: Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 Prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, MD 21403 By Jacqueline Johnson Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin To receive additional copies of the report please call or write: The Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 301-984-1908 Funds to support the document The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.0; Database Design Documentation And Data Dictionary was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Grant CB- CBxxxxxxxxxx-x Disclaimer The opinion expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the U.S. Government, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the several states or the signatories or Commissioners to the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia or the District of Columbia. ii The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • February Mayflyer
    Mayflyer Donegal Trout Unlimited February 2018 Vol. 48 # 1 What’s of location). On the 22ⁿd, Lancaster County Conservan- FEBRUARY cy, Harvey’s Gardens, and DTU are sponsoring a lecture by Doug Tallamy, 7 PM at Franklin & Marshall College. MEETING Emerging Professor Tallamy knows everything about our native plants – those we’ve lost, those we need to protect, and FEBRUARY 21 Winter Part Two the value of each to our ecosystem. Adding just a few of these plants to our gardens can help sustain our local 7:00 PM As you read this, the groundhog should be telling us there wildlife. will be six more weeks of Winter. That’s his usual FARM & HOME prediction. I’ll be checking my garden in four weeks just April activities compete with the official start of the fishing to be sure I don’t miss the first hints of Spring. While we season in our part of the state. The 7th will be a busy day. CENTER wait for the ice to get off the river and the streams to The Donegal F&C Association will hold their annual warm, DTU can offer you a few activities to lift your Fishing Derby at the Presbyterian Church. This is a great 1383 ARCADIA RD spirits. event to take any children in your family. In the evening, I hope you will join me at our Spring Fundraiser. This LANCASTER There are two remaining Winter Fly Tying Gatherings – year we will be at the Double Tree by Hilton on Willow Feb. 10 and March 10. We meet at the Stauffers of Kissel Street Pike.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Section 106 Annual Report - 2019
    Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Section 106 Annual Report - 2019 Prepared by: Cultural Resources Unit, Environmental Policy and Development Section, Bureau of Project Delivery, Highway Delivery Division, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Date: April 07, 2020 For the: Federal Highway Administration, Pennsylvania Division Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Officer Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Penn Street Bridge after rehabilitation, Reading, Pennsylvania Table of Contents A. Staffing Changes ................................................................................................... 7 B. Consultant Support ................................................................................................ 7 Appendix A: Exempted Projects List Appendix B: 106 Project Findings List Section 106 PA Annual Report for 2018 i Introduction The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has been delegated certain responsibilities for ensuring compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) on federally funded highway projects. This delegation authority comes from a signed Programmatic Agreement [signed in 2010 and amended in 2017] between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), and PennDOT. Stipulation X.D of the amended Programmatic Agreement (PA) requires PennDOT to prepare an annual report on activities carried out under the PA and provide it to
    [Show full text]
  • DTU Newsletter March/April 2021 Final
    THE MAYFLYER MARCH/APRIL 2021 Upstream Report This Issue: Barry Witmer, DTU President Upstream Report & Despite COVID, DTU evolves. Delays in 2021 stream Logo Refresh, Page 1 restoration plans have been offset by work behind the scenes. Catch phrases in the conservation sector include "stream restoration best management practices (BMPs)" and News from the "agriculture BMPs". DTU leadership has been focusing on Stream Banks, Page 2 business BMPs as well as growing our chapter impact. Nursery News, Page 3 As Conservation Co-Chairman, Bob Kutz's article illustrates, the Chapter has come a long way since its founding. The committees and subcommittees under the revised Climbers Run Project, organization chart are working, and the results are starting to Tree Nursery Flashback, show thanks to dedicated volunteers and our funders who are Become a Volunteer, helping us make this possible. The election of Page 4 Communications Chair Lydia Martin to the DTU Board of Directors has made the organization exponentially better in Calendar of Events, this area. The updated logo and newsletter are noticeable Announcements, changes. Behind the scenes, Mark Kaiser heads the newly formed Riparian Buffer Subcommittee. He is leading an Officers, Board & effort to establish a riparian buffer planting, monitoring, and Leadership Team, Page 5 maintenance program to support DTU buffer projects. Logo Refresh Our DTU logo has a fresh new look! The Trout and Mayfly was updated and we added a stream and river bank to symbolize our dedication to our mission. THE MAYFLYER PAGE 1 With a strong framework at the committee level and growing leadership team, we are excited to implement new changes to improve our chapter work and engage the Lancaster community DTU we serve.
    [Show full text]
  • Entire Bulletin
    Volume 37 Number 23 Saturday, June 9, 2007 • Harrisburg, PA Pages 2593—2670 Agencies in this issue The General Assembly The Courts Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs Department of Banking Department of Education Department of Environmental Protection Department of Health Department of Transportation Environmental Hearing Board Fish and Boat Commission Independent Regulatory Review Commission Insurance Department Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission State Board of Nursing State Board of Vehicle Manufacturers, Dealers and Salespersons State Conservation Commission State Real Estate Commission Detailed list of contents appears inside. PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER Latest Pennsylvania Code Reporter (Master Transmittal Sheet): No. 391, June 2007 published weekly by Fry Communications, Inc. for the PENNSYLVANIA BULLETIN Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Legislative Reference Bu- reau, 647 Main Capitol Building, State & Third Streets, (ISSN 0162-2137) Harrisburg, Pa. 17120, under the policy supervision and direction of the Joint Committee on Documents pursuant to Part II of Title 45 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (relating to publication and effectiveness of Com- monwealth Documents). Subscription rate $82.00 per year, postpaid to points in the United States. Individual copies $2.50. Checks for subscriptions and individual copies should be made payable to ‘‘Fry Communications, Inc.’’ Postmaster send address changes to: Periodicals postage paid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. FRY COMMUNICATIONS Orders for subscriptions and other circulation matters Attn: Pennsylvania Bulletin should be sent to: 800 W. Church Rd. Fry Communications, Inc. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania 17055-3198 Attn: Pennsylvania Bulletin (717) 766-0211 ext. 2340 800 W. Church Rd. (800) 334-1429 ext. 2340 (toll free, out-of-State) Mechanicsburg, PA 17055-3198 (800) 524-3232 ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks & Recreation
    Lancaster County has made a commitment to conserving greenways, including abandoned railroad lines H Conewago An Outdoor Laboratory suitable for hiking trails. Because of its rich history of rail- Recreation Trail roading, Pennsylvania has become one of the leading states Lancaster County The county’s parks provide in the establishment of rail trails. In fact, in Pennsylvania In 1979, the county acquired the Conewago Recreation opportunities for educational alone there are over one hundred such trails extending Trail located between Route 230 and the Lebanon County field trips, independent study, Parks & more than 900 miles. line northwest of Elizabeth town. This 5.5-mile trail, and numerous outdoor formerly the Cornwall & These special corridors not only preserve an im portant and environmental educa- Recreation Lebanon Railroad, follows piece of our heritage, they also give the park user a unique tion programs. Programs view of the countryside while preserv ing habitats for a the Conewago Creek include stream studies, ani- Seasonal program listings, individual park maps, and variety of wildlife. While today’s pathways offer the pedes- through scenic farmland mal tracking, orienteering, facility use fees may be obtained from the department’s trian quiet seclusion, these routes once represented part of and woodlands, and links GPS programming, owl website at www.lancastercountyparks.org. the world’s busiest transportation system. to the Lebanon Valley Rail- Trail. A 17-acre day-use prowls, moonlit walks, and area, which in cludes a interpretive walks covering For more information, call or write: small pond for fishing, was wildflowers, birds and tree Conestoga Lancaster County G acquired in 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Pennsylvania Summary of Fishing Regulations and Laws PERMITS, MULTI-YEAR LICENSES, BUTTONS
    2018PENNSYLVANIA FISHING SUMMARY Summary of Fishing Regulations and Laws 2018 Fishing License BUTTON WHAT’s NeW FOR 2018 l Addition to Panfish Enhancement Waters–page 15 l Changes to Misc. Regulations–page 16 l Changes to Stocked Trout Waters–pages 22-29 www.PaBestFishing.com Multi-Year Fishing Licenses–page 5 18 Southeastern Regular Opening Day 2 TROUT OPENERS Counties March 31 AND April 14 for Trout Statewide www.GoneFishingPa.com Use the following contacts for answers to your questions or better yet, go onlinePFBC to the LOCATION PFBC S/TABLE OF CONTENTS website (www.fishandboat.com) for a wealth of information about fishing and boating. THANK YOU FOR MORE INFORMATION: for the purchase STATE HEADQUARTERS CENTRE REGION OFFICE FISHING LICENSES: 1601 Elmerton Avenue 595 East Rolling Ridge Drive Phone: (877) 707-4085 of your fishing P.O. Box 67000 Bellefonte, PA 16823 Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 Phone: (814) 359-5110 BOAT REGISTRATION/TITLING: license! Phone: (866) 262-8734 Phone: (717) 705-7800 Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. The mission of the Pennsylvania Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Boat Commission is to Monday through Friday BOATING SAFETY Phone: (717) 705-7835 protect, conserve, and enhance the PFBC WEBSITE: Commonwealth’s aquatic resources EDUCATION COURSES FOLLOW US: www.fishandboat.com Phone: (888) 723-4741 and provide fishing and boating www.fishandboat.com/socialmedia opportunities. REGION OFFICES: LAW ENFORCEMENT/EDUCATION Contents Contact Law Enforcement for information about regulations and fishing and boating opportunities. Contact Education for information about fishing and boating programs and boating safety education.
    [Show full text]
  • January 20, 2007 (Pages 305-386)
    Pennsylvania Bulletin Volume 37 (2007) Repository 1-20-2007 January 20, 2007 (Pages 305-386) Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/pabulletin_2007 Recommended Citation Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau, "January 20, 2007 (Pages 305-386)" (2007). Volume 37 (2007). 3. https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/pabulletin_2007/3 This January is brought to you for free and open access by the Pennsylvania Bulletin Repository at Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Volume 37 (2007) by an authorized administrator of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Volume 37 Number 3 Saturday, January 20, 2007 • Harrisburg, PA Pages 305—386 Agencies in this issue The Courts Department of Banking Department of Environmental Protection Department of General Services Department of Health Department of Labor and Industry Department of Transportation Environmental Hearing Board Game Commission Insurance Department Legislative Reference Bureau Office of Attorney General Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission Detailed list of contents appears inside. PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER Latest Pennsylvania Code Reporter (Master Transmittal Sheet): No. 386, January 2007 published weekly by Fry Communications, Inc. for the PENNSYLVANIA BULLETIN Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Legislative Reference Bu- reau, 647 Main Capitol Building, State & Third Streets, (ISSN 0162-2137) Harrisburg, Pa. 17120, under the policy supervision and direction of the Joint Committee on Documents pursuant to Part II of Title 45 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (relating to publication and effectiveness of Com- monwealth Documents). Subscription rate $82.00 per year, postpaid to points in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Trout Waters (Natural Reproduction) - September 2021
    Pennsylvania Wild Trout Waters (Natural Reproduction) - September 2021 Length County of Mouth Water Trib To Wild Trout Limits Lower Limit Lat Lower Limit Lon (miles) Adams Birch Run Long Pine Run Reservoir Headwaters to Mouth 39.950279 -77.444443 3.82 Adams Hayes Run East Branch Antietam Creek Headwaters to Mouth 39.815808 -77.458243 2.18 Adams Hosack Run Conococheague Creek Headwaters to Mouth 39.914780 -77.467522 2.90 Adams Knob Run Birch Run Headwaters to Mouth 39.950970 -77.444183 1.82 Adams Latimore Creek Bermudian Creek Headwaters to Mouth 40.003613 -77.061386 7.00 Adams Little Marsh Creek Marsh Creek Headwaters dnst to T-315 39.842220 -77.372780 3.80 Adams Long Pine Run Conococheague Creek Headwaters to Long Pine Run Reservoir 39.942501 -77.455559 2.13 Adams Marsh Creek Out of State Headwaters dnst to SR0030 39.853802 -77.288300 11.12 Adams McDowells Run Carbaugh Run Headwaters to Mouth 39.876610 -77.448990 1.03 Adams Opossum Creek Conewago Creek Headwaters to Mouth 39.931667 -77.185555 12.10 Adams Stillhouse Run Conococheague Creek Headwaters to Mouth 39.915470 -77.467575 1.28 Adams Toms Creek Out of State Headwaters to Miney Branch 39.736532 -77.369041 8.95 Adams UNT to Little Marsh Creek (RM 4.86) Little Marsh Creek Headwaters to Orchard Road 39.876125 -77.384117 1.31 Allegheny Allegheny River Ohio River Headwater dnst to conf Reed Run 41.751389 -78.107498 21.80 Allegheny Kilbuck Run Ohio River Headwaters to UNT at RM 1.25 40.516388 -80.131668 5.17 Allegheny Little Sewickley Creek Ohio River Headwaters to Mouth 40.554253 -80.206802
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix – Priority Brook Trout Subwatersheds Within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
    Appendix – Priority Brook Trout Subwatersheds within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Appendix Table I. Subwatersheds within the Chesapeake Bay watershed that have a priority score ≥ 0.79. HUC 12 Priority HUC 12 Code HUC 12 Name Score Classification 020501060202 Millstone Creek-Schrader Creek 0.86 Intact 020501061302 Upper Bowman Creek 0.87 Intact 020501070401 Little Nescopeck Creek-Nescopeck Creek 0.83 Intact 020501070501 Headwaters Huntington Creek 0.97 Intact 020501070502 Kitchen Creek 0.92 Intact 020501070701 East Branch Fishing Creek 0.86 Intact 020501070702 West Branch Fishing Creek 0.98 Intact 020502010504 Cold Stream 0.89 Intact 020502010505 Sixmile Run 0.94 Reduced 020502010602 Gifford Run-Mosquito Creek 0.88 Reduced 020502010702 Trout Run 0.88 Intact 020502010704 Deer Creek 0.87 Reduced 020502010710 Sterling Run 0.91 Reduced 020502010711 Birch Island Run 1.24 Intact 020502010712 Lower Three Runs-West Branch Susquehanna River 0.99 Intact 020502020102 Sinnemahoning Portage Creek-Driftwood Branch Sinnemahoning Creek 1.03 Intact 020502020203 North Creek 1.06 Reduced 020502020204 West Creek 1.19 Intact 020502020205 Hunts Run 0.99 Intact 020502020206 Sterling Run 1.15 Reduced 020502020301 Upper Bennett Branch Sinnemahoning Creek 1.07 Intact 020502020302 Kersey Run 0.84 Intact 020502020303 Laurel Run 0.93 Reduced 020502020306 Spring Run 1.13 Intact 020502020310 Hicks Run 0.94 Reduced 020502020311 Mix Run 1.19 Intact 020502020312 Lower Bennett Branch Sinnemahoning Creek 1.13 Intact 020502020403 Upper First Fork Sinnemahoning Creek 0.96
    [Show full text]
  • The Future”: Stream Corridor Restoration and Some New Uses for Old Floodplains
    A LandStudies Policy Report March 2004 “Back to the Future”: Stream Corridor Restoration and Some New Uses for Old Floodplains A Policy Report March 2004 Compiled by LandStudies, Inc. analysts The following LandStudies, Inc. report attempts to inform municipal leaders, community residents, and local developers how innovative techniques in floodplain or stream corridor restoration can help accommodate a wide range of recent state and federal regulatory and legislative directives. Mark Gutshall, President LandStudies, Inc. 315 North Street Lititz, PA 17543 Tel: 717-627-4440 Fax: 717-627-4660 A LandStudies Policy Report March 2004 Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................... 3 Section One: New Environmental Order............................. 6 NPDES Phase II...................................................................... 7 Pennsylvania’s Growing Greener Grants Program ................. 8 Other Rules and Regulations .................................................. 9 Section Two: Challenges and Obstacles............................10 Pennsylvania and the Chesapeake Bay..................................11 Current Types of Pollution.......................................................12 New Development and Floodplains.........................................13 Section Three: Best Management Practices .....................14 Riparian Zones........................................................................15 Planting Success.....................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE ................................................................................. 1 2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................... 2 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF WATERSHED .................................................................................. 3 3.1 Relationship Between Recharge and Geologic Setting .......................................... 3 4.0 APPLICATION OF USGS HYDROGEOLOGIC MODEL .............................................. 5 4.1 Discussion of Hydrogeologic Units ....................................................................... 5 4.2 Calculation of Recharge ......................................................................................... 8 5.0 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED BASE FLOW WITH STREAM FLOW DATA ... 9 5.1 Comparison with Longer-Term Stream Gage Records .......................................... 9 5.2 Comparison with More Recent Stream Gage Records ........................................ 10 5.3 Comparison with StreamStats .............................................................................. 11 6.0 IMPERVIOUS COVER ................................................................................................... 12 7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 15 7.1 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................... 15 7.2 Recommendations ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]