DOCSLIB.ORG

Legacy Sediments Near Levan’S Mill Dam, L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Legacy Sediments Near Levan’S Mill Dam, L Historic Dams and Local Streams, Lancaster County, PA By Matthew W. Kofroth Lancaster County Conservation District What Do Most Lancaster County Streams Look Like Today? Furnace Run Hammer Creek Little Chiques Creek Mill Creek Where Does All That Sediment Go? Sediment Plume from Hurricane Ivan 9/21/04 Lancaster County Susquehanna River Sediment Plume Chesapeake Bay ~60,000 Mills in 1840 US Census in Eastern US Lancaster County Chesapeake Bay Watershed Mill Density, #/km2 0.0-0.015 Piedmont 0.015-0.03 Physiographic 0.03-0.06 Province 0.06-0.09 0.09-0.12 0.12-0.15 0.15-0.18 0.18-30.00 0 500 Km PA COUNTY #MILLS, 1840 MILL DENSITY/SQ MI Montour 75 0.57 Sullivan 250 0.55 Wyoming 210 0.52 Montgomery 247 0.51 Fulton 225 0.51 Carbon 185 0.48 Northampton 179 0.46 Union 139 0.43 Chester 323 0.42 Philadelphia 60 0.41 Lancaster 383 0.40 Lehigh 126 0.37 Bridgen’s 1864 Atlas Mascot Mill Dam On Mill Creek Lititz Run Mill Creek Mill Creek Mill Dam Bridgen’s 1864 Map Impact of Water-Powered Mills on Sediment Storage Impact of Water-Powered Mills on Sediment Storage Impact of Water-Powered Mills on Sediment Storage Impact of Water-Powered Mills on Sediment Storage Impact of Water-Powered Mills on Sediment Storage dam Longitudinal Stream Profiles with Mill Dams and Mill Ponds, Lancaster Piedmont, PA Mill Creek W. Br. L. 170 Little Conestoga Conestoga and Swarr Run 130 Levan’s Mill Denlinger’s Mill 90 Conestoga River Elevation, meters VE ~ 333 x 50 Distance Downstream, km Average Dam Height 2.4 m Actual Dam Height (actual height unknown) Levan’s and Stoneroad Mills, Little Conestoga Creek, 1938 Air Photo Stoneroads Dam & Levan’s Dam & USGS Gage Levan’s Mill Dam Little Conestoga Creek Dam built in 1856, 8 ft (2.4 m) high dam- induced riffle 1.5 m 3 m legacy 0.5 m sediment eroding upstream of breached dam Legacy Sediments near Levan’s Mill Dam, L. Conestoga Creek Buried Colonial road Buried and saw mill Pre-Colonial Waterway (9,000 to 300 BP) Buried tree stump Denlinger’s Mill, W. Br. Little Conestoga Creek 0~2 km Denlinger’s Mill Bridgen’s 1864 Atlas of Lancaster County, Manor Township Mill Pond Reservoir Sediment Stack 5 m thick Denlinger’s Mill—Remnants of 18th century dam downstream Top of Bank Silty Clay 5 m (pond sediment) (20 ft) Leaf Mat Peat 1660-1810 AD 1510-1660 AD Creek Denlinger’s Mill, W. Br. Little Conestoga Cr. Core Sites & Mill Dam (20 ft high) ca. 1736 Legacy Sediment Buried Dam Big Spring Run Mill Dam Gypsy Hill Road, Near Mouth at Mill Creek Big Spring Run, West Lampeter Twp Meandering path of Big Spring Run developed after dam breaching downstream. Big Spring Run Big Spring Run Buried pre-settlement valley bottom SWARR RUN, LITTLE CONESTOGA WATERSHED (under stream restoration) Trench Perpendicular to Stream Peat 380 ± 60 yrs BP Basal angular gravel layer >1000 to 9000 yrs BP Implications for Stream Restoration Reach 3 Post-settlement Conditions Reach 2 Reach 1 Restored (~pre-settlement) Conditions Flood Flow Root Zone 2 - 10’ Legacy Sediments Flood Flow Historic Floodplain Historic Floodplain Base Flow Base Flow Gravel Gravel Bedrock Bedrock Chester County Stream Pumping Station Dam on Hammer Creek How Do You Fix It? Leave it Alone Approach Engineered or Hard-Armor Approach Work With What You Have in a Natural Approach Plant the Heck Out of it Approach Historic Natural Approach (lots of engineering required) Thank You Questions? .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5
    NON-TIDAL BENTHIC MONITORING DATABASE: Version 3.5 DATABASE DESIGN DOCUMENTATION AND DATA DICTIONARY 1 June 2013 Prepared for: United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, Maryland 21403 Prepared By: Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 Prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, MD 21403 By Jacqueline Johnson Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin To receive additional copies of the report please call or write: The Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin 51 Monroe Street, PE-08 Rockville, Maryland 20850 301-984-1908 Funds to support the document The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.0; Database Design Documentation And Data Dictionary was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Grant CB- CBxxxxxxxxxx-x Disclaimer The opinion expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the U.S. Government, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the several states or the signatories or Commissioners to the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin: Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia or the District of Columbia. ii The Non-Tidal Benthic Monitoring Database: Version 3.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • February Mayflyer
    Mayflyer Donegal Trout Unlimited February 2018 Vol. 48 # 1 What’s of location). On the 22ⁿd, Lancaster County Conservan- FEBRUARY cy, Harvey’s Gardens, and DTU are sponsoring a lecture by Doug Tallamy, 7 PM at Franklin & Marshall College. MEETING Emerging Professor Tallamy knows everything about our native plants – those we’ve lost, those we need to protect, and FEBRUARY 21 Winter Part Two the value of each to our ecosystem. Adding just a few of these plants to our gardens can help sustain our local 7:00 PM As you read this, the groundhog should be telling us there wildlife. will be six more weeks of Winter. That’s his usual FARM & HOME prediction. I’ll be checking my garden in four weeks just April activities compete with the official start of the fishing to be sure I don’t miss the first hints of Spring. While we season in our part of the state. The 7th will be a busy day. CENTER wait for the ice to get off the river and the streams to The Donegal F&C Association will hold their annual warm, DTU can offer you a few activities to lift your Fishing Derby at the Presbyterian Church. This is a great 1383 ARCADIA RD spirits. event to take any children in your family. In the evening, I hope you will join me at our Spring Fundraiser. This LANCASTER There are two remaining Winter Fly Tying Gatherings – year we will be at the Double Tree by Hilton on Willow Feb. 10 and March 10. We meet at the Stauffers of Kissel Street Pike.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Section 106 Annual Report - 2019
    Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Section 106 Annual Report - 2019 Prepared by: Cultural Resources Unit, Environmental Policy and Development Section, Bureau of Project Delivery, Highway Delivery Division, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Date: April 07, 2020 For the: Federal Highway Administration, Pennsylvania Division Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Officer Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Penn Street Bridge after rehabilitation, Reading, Pennsylvania Table of Contents A. Staffing Changes ................................................................................................... 7 B. Consultant Support ................................................................................................ 7 Appendix A: Exempted Projects List Appendix B: 106 Project Findings List Section 106 PA Annual Report for 2018 i Introduction The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has been delegated certain responsibilities for ensuring compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) on federally funded highway projects. This delegation authority comes from a signed Programmatic Agreement [signed in 2010 and amended in 2017] between the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), and PennDOT. Stipulation X.D of the amended Programmatic Agreement (PA) requires PennDOT to prepare an annual report on activities carried out under the PA and provide it to
    [Show full text]
  • Jjjn'iwi'li Jmliipii Ill ^ANGLER
    JJJn'IWi'li jMlIipii ill ^ANGLER/ Ran a Looks A Bulltrog SEPTEMBER 1936 7 OFFICIAL STATE September, 1936 PUBLICATION ^ANGLER Vol.5 No. 9 C'^IP-^ '" . : - ==«rs> PUBLISHED MONTHLY COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA by the BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS PENNSYLVANIA BOARD OF FISH COMMISSIONERS HI Five cents a copy — 50 cents a year OLIVER M. DEIBLER Commissioner of Fisheries C. R. BULLER 1 1 f Chief Fish Culturist, Bellefonte ALEX P. SWEIGART, Editor 111 South Office Bldg., Harrisburg, Pa. MEMBERS OF BOARD OLIVER M. DEIBLER, Chairman Greensburg iii MILTON L. PEEK Devon NOTE CHARLES A. FRENCH Subscriptions to the PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER Elwood City should be addressed to the Editor. Submit fee either HARRY E. WEBER by check or money order payable to the Common­ Philipsburg wealth of Pennsylvania. Stamps not acceptable. SAMUEL J. TRUSCOTT Individuals sending cash do so at their own risk. Dalton DAN R. SCHNABEL 111 Johnstown EDGAR W. NICHOLSON PENNSYLVANIA ANGLER welcomes contribu­ Philadelphia tions and photos of catches from its readers. Pro­ KENNETH A. REID per credit will be given to contributors. Connellsville All contributors returned if accompanied by first H. R. STACKHOUSE class postage. Secretary to Board =*KT> IMPORTANT—The Editor should be notified immediately of change in subscriber's address Please give both old and new addresses Permission to reprint will be granted provided proper credit notice is given Vol. 5 No. 9 SEPTEMBER, 1936 *ANGLER7 WHAT IS BEING DONE ABOUT STREAM POLLUTION By GROVER C. LADNER Deputy Attorney General and President, Pennsylvania Federation of Sportsmen PORTSMEN need not be told that stream pollution is a long uphill fight.
    [Show full text]
  • DTU Newsletter March/April 2021 Final
    THE MAYFLYER MARCH/APRIL 2021 Upstream Report This Issue: Barry Witmer, DTU President Upstream Report & Despite COVID, DTU evolves. Delays in 2021 stream Logo Refresh, Page 1 restoration plans have been offset by work behind the scenes. Catch phrases in the conservation sector include "stream restoration best management practices (BMPs)" and News from the "agriculture BMPs". DTU leadership has been focusing on Stream Banks, Page 2 business BMPs as well as growing our chapter impact. Nursery News, Page 3 As Conservation Co-Chairman, Bob Kutz's article illustrates, the Chapter has come a long way since its founding. The committees and subcommittees under the revised Climbers Run Project, organization chart are working, and the results are starting to Tree Nursery Flashback, show thanks to dedicated volunteers and our funders who are Become a Volunteer, helping us make this possible. The election of Page 4 Communications Chair Lydia Martin to the DTU Board of Directors has made the organization exponentially better in Calendar of Events, this area. The updated logo and newsletter are noticeable Announcements, changes. Behind the scenes, Mark Kaiser heads the newly formed Riparian Buffer Subcommittee. He is leading an Officers, Board & effort to establish a riparian buffer planting, monitoring, and Leadership Team, Page 5 maintenance program to support DTU buffer projects. Logo Refresh Our DTU logo has a fresh new look! The Trout and Mayfly was updated and we added a stream and river bank to symbolize our dedication to our mission. THE MAYFLYER PAGE 1 With a strong framework at the committee level and growing leadership team, we are excited to implement new changes to improve our chapter work and engage the Lancaster community DTU we serve.
    [Show full text]
  • Entire Bulletin
    Volume 37 Number 23 Saturday, June 9, 2007 • Harrisburg, PA Pages 2593—2670 Agencies in this issue The General Assembly The Courts Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs Department of Banking Department of Education Department of Environmental Protection Department of Health Department of Transportation Environmental Hearing Board Fish and Boat Commission Independent Regulatory Review Commission Insurance Department Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission State Board of Nursing State Board of Vehicle Manufacturers, Dealers and Salespersons State Conservation Commission State Real Estate Commission Detailed list of contents appears inside. PRINTED ON 100% RECYCLED PAPER Latest Pennsylvania Code Reporter (Master Transmittal Sheet): No. 391, June 2007 published weekly by Fry Communications, Inc. for the PENNSYLVANIA BULLETIN Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Legislative Reference Bu- reau, 647 Main Capitol Building, State & Third Streets, (ISSN 0162-2137) Harrisburg, Pa. 17120, under the policy supervision and direction of the Joint Committee on Documents pursuant to Part II of Title 45 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (relating to publication and effectiveness of Com- monwealth Documents). Subscription rate $82.00 per year, postpaid to points in the United States. Individual copies $2.50. Checks for subscriptions and individual copies should be made payable to ‘‘Fry Communications, Inc.’’ Postmaster send address changes to: Periodicals postage paid at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. FRY COMMUNICATIONS Orders for subscriptions and other circulation matters Attn: Pennsylvania Bulletin should be sent to: 800 W. Church Rd. Fry Communications, Inc. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania 17055-3198 Attn: Pennsylvania Bulletin (717) 766-0211 ext. 2340 800 W. Church Rd. (800) 334-1429 ext. 2340 (toll free, out-of-State) Mechanicsburg, PA 17055-3198 (800) 524-3232 ext.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Nonpoint Source Program Fy2005 Project Summary
    Rev.4/12//05 PENNSYLVANIA NONPOINT SOURCE PROGRAM FY2005 PROJECT SUMMARY Base Program/District Staff Project Title: Conservation District Mining Program Project Number: 2501 Budget: $ 125,000 Lead Agency: Western Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation (WPCAMR) Location: Western Pennsylvania bituminous coal region Point of Contact: Garry Price, DEP or Bruce Golden, Regional Coordinator, Western Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation The purpose of the WPCAMR is to promote and facilitate the reclamation and remediation of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) in western Pennsylvania. Through this project the Regional Coordinator will continue to develop an education program, coordinate AMD remediation activities, generate local support for remediation efforts, and assist watershed associations and conservation districts in the development of watershed management plans and in securing funding for AMD remediation. The Watershed Coordinator will continue to assist with the development and implementation of funded projects. Project Title: Conservation District Mining Program Project Number: 2502 Budget: $ 125,000 Lead Agency: Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation (EPCAMR) Location: Anthracite and northern bituminous regions of Pennsylvania Point of Contact: Garry Price, DEP or Robert Hughes, Eastern Pennsylvania Coalition for Abandoned Mine Reclamation EPCAMR was formed to promote and facilitate the reclamation and remediation of land and water adversely affected by past coal mining practices in eastern Pennsylvania. EPCAMR is a complimentary organization to the Western Pennsylvania Coalition. The EPCAMR Regional Coordinator will continue efforts to organize watershed associations, develop an education program, coordinate AMD remediation activities, generate local support for remediation efforts, and assist watershed associations and conservation districts in the development of watershed management plans and in securing funding for AMD remediation.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 PA Fishing Summary
    2021 Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/ Boating Handbook MENTORED YOUTH TROUT DAY March 27 (statewide) FISH-FOR-FREE DAYS May 30 and July 4 Multi-Year Fishing Licenses–page 5 TROUT OPENER April 3 Statewide Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbookwww.fishandboat.com www.fishandboat.com 1 2 www.fishandboat.com Pennsylvania Fishing Summary/Boating Handbook PFBC LOCATIONS/TABLE OF CONTENTS For More Information: The mission of the Pennsylvania State Headquarters Centre Region Office Fishing Licenses: Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC) 1601 Elmerton Avenue 595 East Rolling Ridge Drive Phone: (877) 707-4085 is to protect, conserve, and enhance P.O. Box 67000 Bellefonte, PA 16823 Boat Registration/Titling: the Commonwealth’s aquatic Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 Lobby Phone: (814) 359-5124 resources, and provide fishing and Phone: (866) 262-8734 Phone: (717) 705-7800 Fisheries Admin. Phone: boating opportunities. Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. (814) 359-5110 Publications: Monday through Friday Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. Phone: (717) 705-7835 Monday through Friday Contents Boating Safety Regulations by Location Education Courses The PFBC Website: (All fish species) Phone: (888) 723-4741 www.fishandboat.com www.fishandboat.com/socialmedia Inland Waters............................................ 10 Pymatuning Reservoir............................... 12 Region Offices: Law Enforcement/Education Conowingo Reservoir................................ 12 Contact Law Enforcement for information about regulations and fishing and boating Delaware River and Estuary......................
    [Show full text]
  • Brook Trout Outcome Management Strategy
    Brook Trout Outcome Management Strategy Introduction Brook Trout symbolize healthy waters because they rely on clean, cold stream habitat and are sensitive to rising stream temperatures, thereby serving as an aquatic version of a “canary in a coal mine”. Brook Trout are also highly prized by recreational anglers and have been designated as the state fish in many eastern states. They are an essential part of the headwater stream ecosystem, an important part of the upper watershed’s natural heritage and a valuable recreational resource. Land trusts in West Virginia, New York and Virginia have found that the possibility of restoring Brook Trout to local streams can act as a motivator for private landowners to take conservation actions, whether it is installing a fence that will exclude livestock from a waterway or putting their land under a conservation easement. The decline of Brook Trout serves as a warning about the health of local waterways and the lands draining to them. More than a century of declining Brook Trout populations has led to lost economic revenue and recreational fishing opportunities in the Bay’s headwaters. Chesapeake Bay Management Strategy: Brook Trout March 16, 2015 - DRAFT I. Goal, Outcome and Baseline This management strategy identifies approaches for achieving the following goal and outcome: Vital Habitats Goal: Restore, enhance and protect a network of land and water habitats to support fish and wildlife, and to afford other public benefits, including water quality, recreational uses and scenic value across the watershed. Brook Trout Outcome: Restore and sustain naturally reproducing Brook Trout populations in Chesapeake Bay headwater streams, with an eight percent increase in occupied habitat by 2025.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Bridges with T.I.P. Funding
    LOCAL BRIDGES WITH T.I.P. FUNDING RETTEW MILL ROAD OVER ASHMEAD ROAD OVER FOREMAN ROAD OVER COCALICO CREEK BRIDGE TOOKANY CREEK BRIDGE AMTRAK BRIDGE REPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT REPLACEMENT Ephrata Township, Lancaster Cheltenham Township, West Donegal Township, County, PA Montgomery County, PA Lancaster County, PA RETTEW provided surveying, RETTEW is currently providing RETTEW provided preliminary engineering, and environmental engineering services to replace engineering, final design, and permitting for a two-span the structurally deficient construction management replacement bridge on Ashmead Road Bridge located services for this bridge Rettew Mill Road. Services over Tookany Creek. RETTEW replacement over Amtrak railroad included complete bridge will use formliners to replace the lines. RETTEW also provided and roadway engineering ornamental stone arch aesthetic environmental clearances and environmental analyses aspects of the existing bridge— including a wetland investigation involving wetland investigation, an important feature to the and delineation, cultural resource cultural coordination, categorical Township. coordination, and a categorical exclusion evaluation, and a exclusion evaluation and Section RETTEW is also providing PA DEP Chapter 105 permit 4(f) evaluation. roadway and bridge design, application. The new 130-foot- hydrology and hydraulic analysis, The new Foreman Road Bridge long prestressed-concrete and environmental and historical over Amtrak is a single, 94-foot bridge replaced the existing permitting. In addition, RETTEW span consisting of a prestressed- timber-covered bridge at the site. is coordinating closely with five concrete I-beam bridge structure. RETTEW obtained all required utility companies that have utility RETTEW designed the bridge approvals from PennDOT through lines attached to the underside of on a horizontal curve using the local match reimbursement the existing bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Parks & Recreation
    Lancaster County has made a commitment to conserving greenways, including abandoned railroad lines H Conewago An Outdoor Laboratory suitable for hiking trails. Because of its rich history of rail- Recreation Trail roading, Pennsylvania has become one of the leading states Lancaster County The county’s parks provide in the establishment of rail trails. In fact, in Pennsylvania In 1979, the county acquired the Conewago Recreation opportunities for educational alone there are over one hundred such trails extending Trail located between Route 230 and the Lebanon County field trips, independent study, Parks & more than 900 miles. line northwest of Elizabeth town. This 5.5-mile trail, and numerous outdoor formerly the Cornwall & These special corridors not only preserve an im portant and environmental educa- Recreation Lebanon Railroad, follows piece of our heritage, they also give the park user a unique tion programs. Programs view of the countryside while preserv ing habitats for a the Conewago Creek include stream studies, ani- Seasonal program listings, individual park maps, and variety of wildlife. While today’s pathways offer the pedes- through scenic farmland mal tracking, orienteering, facility use fees may be obtained from the department’s trian quiet seclusion, these routes once represented part of and woodlands, and links GPS programming, owl website at www.lancastercountyparks.org. the world’s busiest transportation system. to the Lebanon Valley Rail- Trail. A 17-acre day-use prowls, moonlit walks, and area, which in cludes a interpretive walks covering For more information, call or write: small pond for fishing, was wildflowers, birds and tree Conestoga Lancaster County G acquired in 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Pennsylvania Summary of Fishing Regulations and Laws PERMITS, MULTI-YEAR LICENSES, BUTTONS
    2018PENNSYLVANIA FISHING SUMMARY Summary of Fishing Regulations and Laws 2018 Fishing License BUTTON WHAT’s NeW FOR 2018 l Addition to Panfish Enhancement Waters–page 15 l Changes to Misc. Regulations–page 16 l Changes to Stocked Trout Waters–pages 22-29 www.PaBestFishing.com Multi-Year Fishing Licenses–page 5 18 Southeastern Regular Opening Day 2 TROUT OPENERS Counties March 31 AND April 14 for Trout Statewide www.GoneFishingPa.com Use the following contacts for answers to your questions or better yet, go onlinePFBC to the LOCATION PFBC S/TABLE OF CONTENTS website (www.fishandboat.com) for a wealth of information about fishing and boating. THANK YOU FOR MORE INFORMATION: for the purchase STATE HEADQUARTERS CENTRE REGION OFFICE FISHING LICENSES: 1601 Elmerton Avenue 595 East Rolling Ridge Drive Phone: (877) 707-4085 of your fishing P.O. Box 67000 Bellefonte, PA 16823 Harrisburg, PA 17106-7000 Phone: (814) 359-5110 BOAT REGISTRATION/TITLING: license! Phone: (866) 262-8734 Phone: (717) 705-7800 Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. The mission of the Pennsylvania Hours: 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday PUBLICATIONS: Fish and Boat Commission is to Monday through Friday BOATING SAFETY Phone: (717) 705-7835 protect, conserve, and enhance the PFBC WEBSITE: Commonwealth’s aquatic resources EDUCATION COURSES FOLLOW US: www.fishandboat.com Phone: (888) 723-4741 and provide fishing and boating www.fishandboat.com/socialmedia opportunities. REGION OFFICES: LAW ENFORCEMENT/EDUCATION Contents Contact Law Enforcement for information about regulations and fishing and boating opportunities. Contact Education for information about fishing and boating programs and boating safety education.
    [Show full text]