Asexual Neotyphodium Endophytes in a Native Grass Reduce Competitive Abilities
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Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Nine Species of Hypocrea with Anamorphs Assignable to Trichoderma Section Hypocreanum
STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 56: 39–65. 2006. doi:10.3114/sim.2006.56.02 Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of nine species of Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma section Hypocreanum Barrie E. Overton1*, Elwin L. Stewart2 and David M. Geiser2 1The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A.: Current address: Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, 119 Ulmer Hall, Lock Haven PA, 17745, U.S.A.; 2The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Buckhout Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. *Correspondence: Barrie E. Overton, [email protected] Abstract: Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of the large exon of tef1 (LEtef1) were used to investigate the taxonomy and systematics of nine Hypocrea species with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum. Hypocrea corticioides and H. sulphurea are reevaluated. Their Trichoderma anamorphs are described and the phylogenetic positions of these species are determined. Hypocrea sulphurea and H. subcitrina are distinct species based on studies of the type specimens. Hypocrea egmontensis is a facultative synonym of the older name H. subcitrina. Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum formed a well-supported clade. Five species with anamorphs morphologically similar to sect. Hypocreanum, H. avellanea, H. parmastoi, H. megalocitrina, H. alcalifuscescens, and H. pezizoides, are not located in this clade. Protocrea farinosa belongs to Hypocrea s.s. Taxonomic novelties: Hypocrea eucorticioides Overton, nom. -
Fungal Endophytes from the Aerial Tissues of Important Tropical Forage Grasses Brachiaria Spp
University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXIII International Grassland Congress Fungal Endophytes from the Aerial Tissues of Important Tropical Forage Grasses Brachiaria spp. in Kenya Sita R. Ghimire International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Joyce Njuguna International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Leah Kago International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Monday Ahonsi International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Donald Njarui Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization, Kenya Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/23/2-2-1/6 The XXIII International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015. Proceedings Editors: M. M. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, V. K. Yadav, Tejveer Singh, R. P. Sah, D. Vijay, and A. Radhakrishna Published by Range Management Society of India This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Paper ID: 435 Theme: 2. Grassland production and utilization Sub-theme: 2.2. Integration of plant protection to optimise production -
A Preliminary Enumeration of Grass Endophytes in West Central England
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 1992 Band/Volume: 44 Autor(en)/Author(s): White jr, J. F., Baldwin N. A. Artikel/Article: A prliminary enumeration of grass endophytes in west central England. 78-84 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at A preliminary enumeration of grass endophytes in west central England J. F. White, Jr.1 & N. A. Baldwin2 •Department of Biology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Ala- bama 36117, U.S.A. 2The Sports Turf Research Institute, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1AU, U. K. White, J. F., Jr. & N. A. Baldwin (1992). A preliminary enumeration of grass endophytes in west central England. - Sydowia 44: 78-84. Presence of endophytes was assessed at 10 different sites in central England. Stromata-producing endophytes were commonly encountered in populations of Agrostis capillaris, A. stolonifera, Dactylis glomerata, and Holcus lanatus. Asymp- tomatic endophytes were detected in Bromus ramosus, Festuca arundinacea, F ovina var. hispidula, F. pratensis, F. rubra, and Festulolium loliaceum. Endophytes were isolated from several grasses and identified. Keywords: Acremonium, endophyte, Epichloe typhina, grasses. Over the past several years endophytes related to the ascomycete Epichloe typhina (Pers.) Tul. have been found to be "widespread in predominantly cool season grasses (Clay & Leuchtmann, 1989; Latch & al., 1984; White, 1987). While most of the endophytes do not produce stromata on host grasses, their colonies on agar cultures, conidiogenous cells and often conidia are similar to those of E. typhina (Leuchtmann & Clay, 1990). These cultural expressions of E. -
(Hypocreales) Proposed for Acceptance Or Rejection
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · no 1: 41–51 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05 Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) ARTICLE proposed for acceptance or rejection Amy Y. Rossman1, Keith A. Seifert2, Gary J. Samuels3, Andrew M. Minnis4, Hans-Josef Schroers5, Lorenzo Lombard6, Pedro W. Crous6, Kadri Põldmaa7, Paul F. Cannon8, Richard C. Summerbell9, David M. Geiser10, Wen-ying Zhuang11, Yuuri Hirooka12, Cesar Herrera13, Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, and Priscila Chaverri13 1Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA; corresponding author e-mail: Amy.Rossman@ ars.usda.gov 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada 3321 Hedgehog Mt. Rd., Deering, NH 03244, USA 4Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-U.S. Forest Service, One Gifford Pincheot Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA 5Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences and Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 8Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK 9Sporometrics, Inc., 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6K 1Y9 10Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA 11State -
Fungal Endophytes for Grass Based Bioremediation
Journal of Fungi Article Fungal Endophytes for Grass Based Bioremediation: An Endophytic Consortium Isolated from Agrostis stolonifera Stimulates the Growth of Festuca arundinacea in Lead Contaminated Soil Erika Soldi * , Catelyn Casey, Brian R. Murphy and Trevor R. Hodkinson School of Natural Sciences and Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (B.R.M.); [email protected] (T.R.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 25 October 2020; Published: 29 October 2020 Abstract: Bioremediation is an ecologically-friendly approach for the restoration of heavy metal-contaminated sites and can exploit environmental microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms are capable of removing and/or deactivating pollutants from contaminated substrates through biological and chemical reactions. Moreover, they interact with the natural flora, protecting and stimulating plant growth in these harsh conditions. In this study, we isolated a group of endophytic fungi from Agrostis stolonifera grasses growing on toxic waste from an abandoned lead mine (up to 47,990 Pb mg/kg) and identified them using DNA sequencing (nrITS barcoding). The endophytes were then tested as a consortium of eight strains in a growth chamber experiment in association with the grass Festuca arundinacea at increasing concentrations of lead in the soil to investigate how they influenced several growth parameters. As a general trend, plants treated with endophytes performed better compared to the controls at each concentration of heavy metal, with significant improvements in growth recorded at the highest concentration of lead (800 galena mg/kg). -
1 Naming Names: the Etymology of Fungal Entomopathogens
Research Signpost 37/661 (2), Fort P.O., Trivandrum-695 023, Kerala, India Use of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Biological Pest Management, 2007: 1-11 ISBN: 978-81-308-0192-6 Editors: Sunday Ekesi and Nguya K. Maniania Naming names: The etymology 1 of fungal entomopathogens Fernando E. Vega Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W Beltsville Maryland 20705, USA Abstract This chapter introduces the reader to the etymology of the generic names given to 26 fungal entomopathogens. Possessing some knowledge on how a name originates sometimes provides us with information on a fungal characteristic that might help us identify the organism, e.g., Conidiobolus, Cordyceps, Pandora, Regiocrella, Orthomyces, etc. In other cases, the name won’t tell us what the fungus looks like, but serves to honor those for whom the fungus was named, e.g., Aschersonia, Batkoa, Beauveria, Nomuraea, Strongwellsea, etc. Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Fernando E. Vega, Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory, USDA ARS, Bldg. 011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Fernando E. Vega 1. Introduction One interesting aspect in the business of science is the naming of taxonomic species: the reasons why organisms are baptized with a certain name, which might or might not change as science progresses. Related to this topic, the scientific illustrator Louis C. C. Krieger (1873-1940) [1] self-published an eight- page long article in 1924, entitled “The millennium of systematic mycology: a phantasy” where the main character is a “... systematic mycologist, who, from too much “digging” in the mighty “scrapheap” of synonymy, fell into a deep coma.” As he lies in this state, he dreams about being in Heaven, and unable to leave behind his collecting habits, picks up an amanita and upon examining it finds a small capsule hidden within it. -
Identification of Epichloë Endophytes Associated with Wild Barley (Hordeum Brevisubulatum) and Characterisation of Their Alkaloid Biosynthesis
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research ISSN: 0028-8233 (Print) 1175-8775 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnza20 Identification of Epichloë endophytes associated with wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) and characterisation of their alkaloid biosynthesis Taixiang Chen, Wayne R. Simpson, Qiuyan Song, Shuihong Chen, Chunjie Li & Rana Z. Ahmad To cite this article: Taixiang Chen, Wayne R. Simpson, Qiuyan Song, Shuihong Chen, Chunjie Li & Rana Z. Ahmad (2018): Identification of Epichloë endophytes associated with wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) and characterisation of their alkaloid biosynthesis, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, DOI: 10.1080/00288233.2018.1461658 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2018.1461658 Published online: 20 Apr 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnza20 NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2018.1461658 RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification of Epichloë endophytes associated with wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) and characterisation of their alkaloid biosynthesis Taixiang Chena, Wayne R. Simpsonb, Qiuyan Songa, Shuihong Chena, Chunjie Li a and Rana Z. Ahmada aState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro–ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China; bAgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Epichloë species are biotrophic symbionts of many cool-season Received 27 September 2017 grasses that can cause grazing animal toxicosis. We identified Accepted 4 April 2018 fungi from Hordeum brevisubulatum as Epichloë bromicola based First published online on morphological characteristics and tefA and actG gene 20 April 2018 perA sequences. -
OCCURRENCE of Neotyphodium and Epichloë FUNGI in MEADOW FESCUE and RED FESCUE in POLAND and SCREENING of ENDOPHYTE ISOLATES AS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 12(4) 2013, 67-83 OCCURRENCE OF Neotyphodium AND Epichloë FUNGI IN MEADOW FESCUE AND RED FESCUE IN POLAND AND SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTE ISOLATES AS POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS Dariusz PaĔka, Maágorzata Jeske, Mikoáaj TroczyĔski University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz Abstract. Neotyphodium and Epichloë endophytes often influence beneficially on the host plant. Thus, could be used as a biological factor enhancing grass growth and resis- tance to stress factors. A detailed study was made to: (i) determine the infestation of geno- types of meadow fescue and red fescue, which occur in natural grass communities, in Po- land by the Neotyphodium/Epichloë endophytes, (ii) define the level of ergovaline, a toxic alkaloid produced by active associations, (iii) determine the activity of antagonistic dis- tinguishing isolates of endophytic fungi against selected microorganisms. There were ana- lysed 204 genotypes of meadow fescue and 171 genotypes of red fescue. Mean frequency of the infection with endophytes was 74.5% and 64.3% respectively. Ergovaline was pro- duced by 77% of E+ meadow fescue genotypes and 80.9% of red fescue genotypes. Mean content of the alkaloid was 0.202 and 0.151 μgǜg DM-1 respectively. FpII30, FpII67, FpII77, FpII168 and FrII82 demonstrated a high ability for protection of the host grasses from all the tested pathogens. These isolates due to high antimicrobial activity and a lack of ergovaline production have a great potential for biological control of grasses. Key words: Endophyte, ergovaline, dual-culture, biological controlof grasses INTRODUCTION Under natural conditions, grasses very often form symbiotic associations with fungi as well as with bacteria. -
Neotyphodium Lilii Endophyte Improves Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Neotyphodium lolii endophyte improves drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne. L) through broadly adjusting its metabolism A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Microbiology and Genetics At Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand. Yanfei Zhou 2014 Abstract Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a widely used pasture grass that is frequently infected by Neotyphodium lolii endophyte. The presence of N. lolii enhances grass resistance to several biotic and abiotic stresses such as insect, herbivory and drought. Recent studies suggest the effect of N. lolii on ryegrass drought tolerance varies between grass genotypes. However, little is known about the molecular basis of how endophytes improve grass drought tolerance, why this effect varies among grass genotypes, or how the endophytes themselves respond to drought stress. This knowledge will not only increase our knowledge of beneficial plant-microbe interactions, but will also guide better use of endophytes, such as selection of specific endophyte - cultivar combinations for growth in arid areas. In this study, a real time PCR method that can accurately quantify N. lolii DNA concentration in grass tissue was developed for monitoring endophyte growth under drought. The effect of N. lolii on growth of 16 perennial ryegrass cultivars under drought was assessed, and a pair of endophyte-infected grasses showing distinct survival ability and performance under severe drought stress was selected. -
<I>Gliomastix</I> <I&G
MYCOTAXON Volume 111, pp. 95–102 January–March 2010 A new species of Hydropisphaera, H. bambusicola, is the sexual state of Gliomastix fusigera Christian Lechat1*, David F. Farr2, Yuuri Hirooka2, Andrew M. Minnis2 & Amy Y. Rossman2 1*[email protected] 64 route de Chizé, F-79360 Villiers en Bois, France 2Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Rm. 304, B011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Abstract — Hydropisphaera bambusicola sp. nov. (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) is described and illustrated based on a collection from Bambusa vulgaris in Martinique. The asexual state was obtained in culture and identified asGliomastix fusigera. Gliomastix fusigera is an anamorphic species that occurs on members of the Arecaceae and Poaceae throughout the tropics and for which no sexual state is known. Hydropisphaera bambusicola is distinctive in having aseptate, striate ascospores. All other species of Hydropisphaera and most species of the Bionectriaceae have one or more septate ascospores. Hydropisphaera bambusicola and eight other species in Hydropisphaera are unusual in having fasciculate hairs near the perithecial apex. A key to the species of Hydropisphaera with hairs is presented. Key words — Acremonium, Ascomycota, bamboo, Ijuhya, Protocreopsis Introduction The genusHydropisphaera Dumort., based on the type species H. peziza (Tode) Dumort., was established by Dumortier (1822), but was long considered to be a synonym of the genus Nectria (Fr.) Fr. Rossman et al. (1999) resurrected Hydropisphaera as a distinct genus in the Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales) for species of Nectria-like fungi that had previously been placed in the N. peziza group (Booth 1959, Samuels 1976, Rossman 1983). The ascomata of Hydropisphaera are yellow, orange to brown, and do not change color in potassium hydroxide or lactic acid, which is characteristic of the Bionectriaceae. -
Evaluation of the Potential Role of Water in Spread of Conidia of the Neotyphodium Endophyte of Poa Ampla
mycological research 111 (2007) 466–472 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Evaluation of the potential role of water in spread of conidia of the Neotyphodium endophyte of Poa ampla Mariusz TADYCHa,*, Marshall BERGENa, Frank M. DUGANb, James F. WHITE Jr.a aDepartment of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA bUSDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA article info abstract Article history: Neotyphodium endophytes are asexual, filamentous fungi, mutualistically associated with Received 7 April 2006 diverse cool season grasses. Infected seeds and vegetative organs of infected host plants Received in revised form are the only known modes of propagation of the asexual endophytes. In the last decade 3 January 2007 certain Epichloe¨ and Neotyphodium-infected grass species have been shown to have epiphyl- Accepted 4 February 2007 lous structures of the endophytes, hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia, growing on leaf Published online 20 February 2007 blades. The production of epiphyllous conidia suggests the possibility that some of these Corresponding Editor: endophytes may have the ability for plant-to-plant spread. The objective of this study Jeffrey K. Stone was to determine the possible mechanisms involved in liberation and dispersal of asexual spores of Neotyphodium growing in vitro and epiphyllously on leaves of Poa ampla. Our re- Keywords: sults indicate that water dispersal is the most likely means of dissemination of conidia Clavicipitaceae of the Neotyphodium sp. Wind generated by dry compressed air does not dislodge the con- Dissemination idia from slide cultures or from P. -
Cladosporium Mold
GuideClassification to Common Mold Types Hazard Class A: includes fungi or their metabolic products that are highly hazardous to health. These fungi or metabolites should not be present in occupied dwellings. Presence of these fungi in occupied buildings requires immediate attention. Hazard class B: includes those fungi which may cause allergic reactions to occupants if present indoors over a long period. Hazard Class C: includes fungi not known to be a hazard to health. Growth of these fungi indoors, however, may cause eco- nomic damage and therefore should not be allowed. Molds commonly found in kitchens and bathrooms: • Cladosporium cladosporioides (hazard class B) • Cladosporium sphaerospermum (hazard class C) • Ulocladium botrytis (hazard class C) • Chaetomium globosum (hazard class C) • Aspergillus fumigatus (hazard class A) Molds commonly found on wallpapers: • Cladosporium sphaerospermum • Chaetomium spp., particularly Chaetomium globosum • Doratomyces spp (no information on hazard classification) • Fusarium spp (hazard class A) • Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly called ‘black mold‘ (hazard class A) • Trichoderma spp (hazard class B) • Scopulariopsis spp (hazard class B) Molds commonly found on mattresses and carpets: • Penicillium spp., especially Penicillium chrysogenum (hazard class B) and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (hazard class B) • Aspergillus versicolor (hazard class A) • Aureobasidium pullulans (hazard class B) • Aspergillus repens (no information on hazard classification) • Wallemia sebi (hazard class C) • Chaetomium