Issue 1 2019 The Arup Journal Contents 4 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, 35 Brent Delta Platform Lift, Greater China North Sea, UK Designing the world’s longest sea crossing The world’s heaviest offshore lift Naeem Hussain, Steve Kite, Samuel Kwan, was completed in just ten seconds David Pegg, James Sze, Peter Thompson, – after years of planning Fergal Whyte, Philip Wong, Ngai Yeung David Gration 14 BLOX, Copenhagen, Denmark 40 Rawang Bypass, Kanching Turning a once-derelict section Forest Reserve, Malaysia of Copenhagen’s waterfront into A transport solution that respects a vibrant cultural hub the environment Michael Bradbury, Chris Carroll Wan Anuar bin Wan Endut 20 Jaguar Land Rover 44 Leeds Flood Alleviation Engine Manufacturing Scheme, UK Centre, Wolverhampton, UK The first flood defence project in the Reinterpreting the traditional factory UK to use movable weirs gives Leeds 100- form to create a sustainable facility year storm flood protection Mark Bartlett, James Finestone, Michael Nichols, David Wilkes Philip Hives, Sean Macintosh, Timothy Snelson, David Storer 28 Seattle Space Needle, USA 50 Amorepacific Headquarters, A renovation of the iconic landmark respects Seoul, South Korea its history and readies it for a long future Traditional Korean design provides the Peter Alspach, Clayton Binkley, inspiration for a modern office building David Okada, Kristen Strobel, Francesca Coppa, Eva Hinkers, Cress Wakefield Julian Olley, Alexander Rotsch, Nigel Tonks, Frank Walter Seattle Space Needle, USA: Nic Lehoux 2 1/2019 | The Arup Journal 3 HZMB | HONG KONG, ZHUHAI, MACAO, GREATER CHINA Strengthening connections The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the world’s longest sea crossing. It promotes connectivity in a fast-growing region, significantly cutting journey times in the Greater Bay Area Authors Naeem Hussain, Steve Kite, Samuel Kwan, David Pegg, James Sze, Peter Thompson, Fergal Whyte, Philip Wong, Ngai Yeung On 23 October 2018, Chinese President Along the way, the firm had to be mindful of Xi Jinping opened the world’s longest sea the scheme’s impact on the surrounding crossing, the 55km Hong Kong-Zhuhai- environment and wildlife, the effect of Macao Bridge. Until then, travelling extreme weather conditions on the between Hong Kong and Macao/Zhuhai programme and design, and the logistical involved either a one-hour ferry ride challenges of coordinating and completing (sometimes through bad weather such a large and ambitious scheme – the conditions) or a four-hour detour over the HZMB took nine years to construct. Humen Bridge, a crossing to the north of the Pearl River Delta. With the opening of Developing a Greater Bay Area the HZMB, it is now possible to make the The HZMB is part of a broader effort by journey by car in a mere 40 minutes. the Chinese government to improve connections between 11 cities on the Arup performed a range of roles on the Pearl River Delta: Hong Kong, Macao, project, including creating and developing Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, the concept and preliminary design for the main bridge and tunnel, and proposing environmentally friendly reclamation solutions for artificial island construction. Arup also worked on roads, tunnels, viaducts and other associated infrastructure. 1: The 55km HZMB took nine years to construct 1. 4 1/2019 | The Arup Journal 5 HZMB | HONG KONG, ZHUHAI, MACAO, GREATER CHINA 2: It was necessary to construct a 6.7km tunnel to 4: Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx 4: The HZMB project has significantly cut travel allow unobstructed navigation channels (Lingding xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx times in the Greater Bay Area and Tonggu channels) 5: Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx 5: The Jiuzhou Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge 3: An S-curved alignment was used adjacent to xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx with central sail-like towers and a central single Hong Kong’s Airport Island to avoid constraints 6: Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx cable plane relating to the airport runway and the Government xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx Flying Service Headquarters number of piers that needed to be built, the Kong side of the crossing, and investigation spans were designed to be 85m for the and reference design for the 12km link road. composite deck in the shallow water to the west side of the crossing and 110m for the The section of the main bridge and tunnel in steel deck in deeper water in the middle and mainland Chinese territory was developed by on the eastern sides. At the crossing between the HZMB Authority, a body jointly Hong Kong International Airport and Lantau organised by the three regional governments. 4. Island, the span between piers is typically The remaining sections of the link roads and 4. set at 75m, and up to 180m for crossing BCFs were the respective responsibility of navigation channels and the headland the three governments. between Sha Lo Wan and San Shek Wan. 2. A project of such significance had to be Arup designed a seismic protection system This meant fewer piers overall, and Main bridge and tunnel aesthetically pleasing from all vantage that satisfies the local codes of the three therefore less disruption during construction. Arup started working on the main bridge and points, as well as structurally sound in the areas the bridge runs through. The frictional Precast concrete shell construction was tunnel in 2009 at the invitation of CCCC face of frequent typhoons that occur in the pendulum bearing absorbs the seismic adopted for the pile caps to reduce the Highway Consultants, then known as the region. The design and construction needed energy in every bearing connection, thus amount of temporary works construction Highway Planning and Design Institute to take environmental considerations into isolating the seismic action from the required, and therefore lessen the impact on (HPDI). This process began with concept and account, in particular the impact on the foundation. The bridge decks are supported the environment. preliminary design work. The overall route Chinese white dolphins that inhabit the by single column piers with wide heads, and runs from the Hong Kong BCF, travels along waters along this route. the bases are buried deep in the seabed. The main logistical challenge of this part of the northern part of Lantau Island, enters Single, rather than double, piers ensure that the project was that all construction needed Hong Kong waters and then crosses five The bridge’s alignment was designed the dolphins’ habitat and the flow of water to take place in the sea. This meant that the water navigation channels – Tonggu, to ensure the least possible obstruction under the bridge experience minimal construction materials had to be delivered to Lingding, Qingzhou, Jianghai and Jiuzhou to the water flow, avoiding various site disruption. In mainland China, spans the site by marine vessels, and made Port. A tunnel of 6.7km runs between the first constraints, while also enhancing the between piers are typically 50m, but to help working with in-situ concrete difficult. two, where the distance over the two views for bridge users. To achieve the preserve water quality by minimising the The solution was to precast as many of the channels was too wide for a long-span bridge. latter, horizontal curves were added. Three cable-stayed bridges cross over the last To further improve the overall aesthetic three channels. The total bridge length of the HZMB, Arup proposed that all (including the three cable-stayed bridges and the bridges over the navigation channels the shallow and deep water viaducts) is be supported by cables, and that central 22.9km. The crossing then reaches the towers of different shapes be placed artificial island where the Zhuhai and Macao between each span, each with a nautical BCFs are located. theme. The main span of the 268m Jiuzhou Bridge has two symmetrical 3. In total, the crossing is 55km long – 29.6km central towers shaped like sails; the for the main bridge and tunnel, a 13.4km link Jianghai Bridge, comprising two 258m Zhongshan, Dongguan, Huizhou, Jiangmen Zhuhai, Macao and Hong Kong. In Zhuhai, road in Zhuhai territory and a 12km link road main spans, has three towers that and Zhaoqing. The intention is to create an which is part of China’s Guangdong in Hong Kong territory. Arup collaborated resemble dolphins; and the 458m economic and business hub, the ‘Greater Province, Arup carried out the preliminary with the HPDI on the design of the elements main span Qingzhou Bridge has towers Bay Area’, and to better connect Hong design for the main crossing, which consists on the Chinese mainland side and worked shaped like the letter H, which feature Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland. of a bridge and a tunnel. In Macao, the firm alone on the design for the elements on the cross-bracing like a Chinese knot. was responsible for the overall planning and Hong Kong side. The main bridge is a dual The first of these is the most visually Three elements the preliminary and detailed design for the three-lane carriageway with hard shoulders exposed, as it can be seen from the The HZMB project comprised three key BCF infrastructure and the link road. In (total width 33.1m), designed for a maximum restaurant-filled Zhuhai promenade. elements: the main bridge and tunnel; the Hong Kong, Arup’s role included planning, speed of 100km/h. The tunnel under the It therefore has the most striking design boundary crossing facilities (BCFs); and the investigation and detailed design of the Tonggu and Lingding navigation channels is of all the bridges. The depth of the bridge link roads connecting the three regions. 130ha of land reclamation to create an made up of 33 tunnel elements, each deck was kept constant throughout, Works spanned three geographical areas, artificial island for the BCF on the Hong measuring 180m x 38m x 11m.