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FRDC Final Report Design Standard Understanding broad scale impacts of salmonid farming on rocky reef communities [Valentine, J.P., Jensen, M., Ross, D.J., Riley, S., Ibbott, S.] [July 2016] FRDC Project No 2014/042 Page 1 of 53 © 2016 Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN [978-0-646-96251-1] Understanding broad scale impacts of salmonid farming on rocky reef communities FRDC Project No 2014/042 2016 Ownership of Intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. This publication (and any information sourced from it) should be attributed to [Valentine, J.P., Jensen, M., Ross, D.J., Riley, S., Ibbott, S., Organisation, 2016, Understanding broad scale impacts of salmonid farming on rocky reef communities, Hobart, September, 2016.] Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [email protected] Disclaimer The authors do not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions. The authors do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortious, or otherwise, for the contents of this document or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this document may not relate, or be relevant, to a readers particular circumstances. Opinions expressed by the authors are the individual opinions expressed by those persons and are not necessarily those of the publisher, research provider or the FRDC. The Fisheries Research and Development Corporation plans, invests in and manages fisheries research and development throughout Australia. It is a statutory authority within the portfolio of the federal Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, jointly funded by the Australian Government and the fishing industry. Researcher Contact Details FRDC Contact Details Name: Address: 25 Geils Court Address: Deakin ACT 2600 Phone: 02 6285 0400 Phone: Fax: 02 6285 0499 Fax: Email: [email protected] Email: Web: www.frdc.com.au In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to FRDC publishing this material in its edited form. ii Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. vi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ vii Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Community composition of macroalgae on subtidal rocky reefs through time .............................3 Data Analysis .....................................................................................................................................5 2. Characterising reef communities in southeast Tasmanian waters ..................................................8 Data Analysis – reef characterisation ...............................................................................................11 Results................................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Community composition of macroalgae on subtidal rocky reefs through time ...........................13 2. Characterising reef communities in southeast Tasmanian waters ................................................24 Discussion and conclusions ................................................................................................................. 33 Implications .......................................................................................................................................... 37 Recommendations and further development .................................................................................... 38 Extension and Adoption ...................................................................................................................... 39 Project materials developed................................................................................................................ 40 Appendices ........................................................................................................................................... 41 References ........................................................................................................................................42 FRDC FINAL REPORT CHECKLIST ............................................................................................ 43 iii Tables Table 1 Chronology of monitoring events at Ninepin Point, Tinderbox and Maria Island Marine Protected Areas since 1992. .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Table 2 Site names, GPS locations and depth contours sampled at each of the 26 sites surveyed as part of the current 2015 study. .................................................................................................................................. 9 Table 3 Results of univariate PERMANOVA for functional groups, abundant taxa and nutrient indicator algal species.. ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 4 SIMPER analysis identifying individual species or guilds responsible for the differences in community structure between 1992-1997 and 2010-2015.. ........................................................................ 22 Table 5 Results of multivariate PERMANOVA for percentage cover of macroalgae. ............................... 23 Table 6 Overall site characterisation according to the generalised scheme for Tasmanian reefs (Edgar 1984) ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 Figures Figure 1 MPA survey sites at Tinderbox: Central Tinderbox (1), Piersons Point (2), Lucas Point (3), Blackmans Bay (4), Dennes Point (5). .......................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2 MPA survey sites at Ninepin Point: Central Ninepin (1), Charlottes Cove (2), Huon Island (3), Arch Rock (4). ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3 MPA survey sites at Maria Island: Spring Beach (1), Point Home Lookout (2), Okehampton Bay (3), Ile du Nord (4), Darlington North (5), Magistrates Point North (6), Magistrates Point South (7), Painted Cliffs North (8), Painted Cliffs South (9), Return Point (10), Point Leseur (11), Green Bluff (12). 5 Figure 4 Images of selected of functional groups and taxa observed in the survey that were the focus of univariate analyses including (i) canopy-forming algae; (ii) understorey red algae; (iii) understorey green algae; (iv) understorey brown algae; (v) Ecklonia radiata; (vi) Carpoglossum confluens; (vii) Cystophora retroflexa; and (viii) Sargassum fallax. ......................................................................................................... 6 Figure 5 Imagery showing examples of selected nutrient indicator species observed during the current survey including (i) Chaetomorpha billardieri; (ii) Ulva spp.; and (iii) filamentous green algae. ............... 7 Figure 6 Tinderbox MPA and Storm Bay survey sites, 2015. Yellow symbols represent long term IMAS monitoring sites, while new sites added in 2015 are indicated by green symbols. Site names: Central Tinderbox (1), Piersons Point (2), Lucas Point (3), Blackmans Bay (4), Dennes Point (5), Variety Bay S2 (6), Variety Bay South (7), North Passage (8), Apex Point (9). .................................................................. 10 Figure 7 Ninepin Point MPA and Channel survey sites, 2015. Yellow symbols represent long term IMAS monitoring sites, while new sites added in 2015 are indicated by green symbols. Site names Central Ninepin (1), Charlottes Cove (2), Huon Island (3), Arch Rock (4), Little Penguin Point (5), Zuidpool Rock (6), Redcliffs (7), Partridge Island East (8), Partridge Island West (9), Lady Bay (10), Butlers Point (11), Actaeon Island (12), Actaeon Island
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