Contents P2. Path to Conversion P4. Requirements of Conversion P6. What's in a Name P10. Circumcision P.14 Marriage Talk P20
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Pandangan Islam Dan Medis Tentang Khitan
PANDANGAN ISLAM DAN MEDIS TENTANG KHITAN Oleh: Dr. H. Ahmadi NH, Sp.KJ Hp. 08156585588 [email protected] PENDAHULUAN Competensi : mhs memahami khitan dlm pandangan medis dan Islam. Capaian Pembelajaran : • Memahami istilah dan definisi khitan • Memahami sejarah & perkembangan khitan • Memahami hukum dan manfaat khitan • Mengerti Waktu/umur saat khitan • Mengetahui Syukuran khitan • Mengetahui Khitan pada Wanita Literatur • Saad Al Marshafi, 1996. Khitan. Gema Insani Press. Jakarta. • Internet DEFINISI • Khitan secara etimologi (bahasa) artinya memotong. • Secara terminologis artinya memotong kulit-mukosa preputium yang menutupi alat kelamin lelaki (penis: corona glandis). • Khitan/khitanah btk kata benda (isim), makhtun adalah orang yang dikhitan (obyek) • Dalam bahasa Arab khitan juga dimaknakan sebagai bagian kelamin lelaki dan perempuan, seperti hadist: "Apabila terjadi pertemuan dua khitan, maka wajib mandi" (H.R. Muslim, Tirmidzi dll.). • Dalam bahasa Arab khitan juga dimaknakan sebagai bagian kelamin lelaki dan perempuan, seperti hadist: اذالتقي الختانان وجب الغس ل • • "Apabila terjadi pertemuan dua khitan, maka wajib mandi" (H.R. Muslim, Tirmidzi dll.). SEJARAH KHITAN Sejarah khitan berpangkal dari millah (ajaran agama) nabi Ibrahim AS, yang ketika khitan nabi Ibrahim berusia 80 thn. ِا ْختَتَ َن ِا ْب َرا ِه ْي م َخ ِل ْي ل ال َّر ْح َم ِن َب ْع َد ;hadits Rasulullah saw • ثَ َمان ْو َن َسنَةً َو ا ْختَتَ َن بِا ْلق د ْو ِ م • “ Nabi Ibrahim,kekasih Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih telah berkhitan dengan kampak pada saat beliau berumur delapan puluh tahun” ( H.R. Bukhari - Muslim ) Dalam al-Qur'an tidak dijelaskan menenai kewajiban khitan. Mengingat pentingnya khitan, Islam mewajibkan khitan bagi umatnhya. Dlm QS An-Nahl ayat123 : ث ٌم ا ْوح ْينا ِاليك اَ ِن اتّبِ ْع ِملَّةَ ِا ْبراهي َم حنيفا Kemudian kami wahyukan kpdmu (Muhammad): ikutilah agama Ibrahin seorang yg hanif, • Hadits yang menerangkan hal itu. -
1 Contemporary Ethnic Identity of Muslim Descendants Along The
1 Contemporary Ethnic Identity Of Muslim Descendants Along the Chinese Maritime Silk Route Dru C Gladney Anthropology Department University of South Carolina U.S.A At the end of five day's journey, you arrive at the noble-and handsome city of Zaitun [Quanzhoui] which has a port on the sea-coast celebrated for the resort of shipping, loaded with merchandise, that is afterwards distributed through every part of the province .... It is indeed impossible to convey an idea of the concourse of merchants and the accumulation of goods, in this which is held to be one of the largest and most commodious ports in the world. Marco Polo In February 1940, representatives from the China Muslim National Salvation society in Beijing came to the fabled maritime Silk Road city of Quanzhou, Fujian, known to Marco Polo as Zaitun, in order to interview the members of a lineage surnamed "Ding" who resided then and now in Chendai Township, Jinjiang County. In response to a question on his ethnic background, Mr. Ding Deqian answered: "We are Muslims [Huijiao reo], our ancestors were Muslims" (Zhang 1940:1). It was not until 1979, however, that these Muslims became minzu, an ethnic nationality. After attempting to convince the State for years that they belonged to the Hui nationality, they were eventually accepted. The story of the late recognition of the members of the Ding lineage in Chendai Town and the resurgence of their ethnoreligious identity as Hui and as Muslims is a fascinating reminder that there still exist remnants of the ancient connections between Quanzhou and the Western Regions, the origin points of the Silk Road. -
The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire
ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021: 141–164 doi: 10.22679/avs.2021.6.1.006 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire GEORGE LANE* The Khitans were a Turco-Mongol clan who dominated China north of the Yangtze River during the early mediaeval period. They adopted and then adapted many of the cultural traditions of their powerful neighbours to the south, the Song Chinese. However, before their absorption into the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century they proved pivotal, firstly in the eastward expansion of the armies of Chinggis Khan, secondly, in the survival of the Persian heartlands after the Mongol invasions of the 1220s and thirdly, in the revival and integration of the polity of Iran into the Chinggisid Empire. Da Liao, the Khitans, the Qara Khitai, names which have served this clan well, strengthened and invigorated the hosts which harboured them. The Liao willingly assimilated into the Chinggisid Empire of whose formation they had been an integral agent and in doing so they also surrendered their identity but not their history. Recent scholarship is now unearthing and recognising their proud legacy and distinct identity. Michal Biran placed the Khitans irrevocably and centrally in mediaeval Asian history and this study emphasises their role in the establishment of the Mongol Empire. Keywords: Khitans, Liao, Chinggids, Mongols, Ilkhanate * Dr. GEORGE LANE is a Research Associate at the School of History, Religion & Philosophy, SOAS University of London. 142 Acta Via Serica, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire The Turco-Mongol tribe that first settled the lands of northern China, north of the Huai River and adopted and adapted the cultural traditions of their domineering neighbour to the south, has only recently been acknowledged for their importance to the evolution of mediaeval Asian history, due in large part to the work of Michal Biran of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. -
Dissecting the Claims of Legitimization for the Ritual of Female Circumcision Or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
OPEN ACCESS Research article Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM) Muhammad Munir* International Islamic University, ABSTRACT Islamabad, Pakistan *Email: [email protected] This work analyses the various arguments put forward by the supporters of female genital mutilation (FGM) under Islamic law to determine whether this practice has its roots in Islam, whether it is a customary or cultural tradition, or whether it is a matter of personal preference in different parts of the Muslim world where the practice exists. The findings of this work are that the arguments given in support of FGM are either not reliable, are weak or, do not order Muslims to carry out this practice. Instead, this horrific practice is rooted in customary-cum-cultural tradition or, is a matter of personal preference for some Muslims but cannot be legitimized under Islamic law. Keywords: rights of children, Islam, female circumcision, female genital mutilation, FGM, custom, Islamic law, schools of thought, customary practice, Qaradawi, ‘Ali Juma‘, Tantawi http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5339/irl.2014.6 Submitted: 3 March 2014 Accepted: 16 April 2014 ª 2014 Munir, licensee Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cite this article as: Munir M. Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM), International Review of Law 2014:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/irl.2014.6 Page 2 of 11 Munir. -
Sex Education an Early Age in the Perspective of Islam
246 Sex Education an Early Age in The Perspective of Islam Tri Ermayani [email protected] Department of Indonesian Literature and Language Education Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo Abstract. Some of the problems that foregrounded the importance of understanding sex education an early age from the perspective of Islam. Like the phenomenon of sexual violence and abuse on the child, the rise of the child’s behavior and teenagers that deviate her sexual, too many people who do not understand the Moslem sex education an early age. The result of library study has shown that in the Alquran and Hadits there is sex education among other instill a sense of shame on the child, teach soul masculinity in the male and the soul femininity on the girls, teach children to sleep separately, introducing to children about ethics visit, maintaining the cleanliness of gender, introducing mahram, keep view, educate ethics dressed and decorated with Islamic way, educate about ihtilam and menstruation, and educate about khitan. Therefore applied sex education since the age of early indispensable to prevent aberration sex and violence on children. The results of this study can provide a clear picture of the concept of sex education according to the rules of Allah and the Messenger of Allah. In the implementation process, it is expected that parents as the first and foremost educators in the family, then in the school environment teachers (including religious teachers, community leaders, and scholars) have a stake in strengthening information about Islamic law. Keywords: Sex Education, Parent and Teacher, Sex Education in Islam, Sex Education of Early Age. -
Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari
Abdullahi Ahmed An-NaÀim Islam and the Secular State Negotiating the Future of ShariÀa HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England 2008 Copyright © 2008 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data NaÀim, ÀAbd Allah Ahmad, 1946– Islam and the secular state : negotiating the future of ShariÀa / Abdullahi Ahmed An-NaÀim. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-674-02776-3 (alk. paper) 1. Islam and secularism. 2. Islam and state. 3. Islamic law. 4. Religious pluralism—Islam. I. Title. BP190.5.S35N35 2005 297.2′72—dc22 2007034057 Contents Preface vii 1 Introduction: Why Muslims Need a Secular State 1 2 Islam, the State, and Politics in Historical Perspective 45 3 Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Citizenship 84 4 India: State Secularism and Communal Violence 140 5 Turkey: Contradictions of Authoritarian Secularism 182 6 Indonesia: Realities of Diversity and Prospects of Pluralism 223 7 Conclusion: Negotiating the Future of ShariÀa 267 References 295 Index 311 Preface This book is the culmination of my life’s work, the final statement I wish to make on issues I have been struggling with since I was a student at the Uni- versity of Khartoum, Sudan, in the late 1960s. I speak as a Muslim in this book because I am accountable for these ideas as part of my own religion and not simply as a hypothetical academic argument. But the focus of my proposal is the public role of ShariÀa, not matters of religious doctrine and ritual practice in the private, personal domain. -
THE TEACHINGS of IBRAHIM in JUDAISM and ISLAM Muhammad Alfi Nurbaihaqi 35.2014.2.1.266 Ibrahim Is the Father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
THE TEACHINGS OF IBRAHIM IN JUDAISM AND ISLAM Muhammad Alfi Nurbaihaqi 35.2014.2.1.266 DEPARTMENT COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELIGIONS FACULTY OF USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITY OF DARUSSALAM GONTOR 1440/2019 THE TEACHINGS OF IBRAHIM IN JUDAISM AND ISLAM THESIS Presented to University of Darussalam Gontor In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Licentiate (S1) In Faculty of Ushuluddin, Department Comparative Study of Religions By Muhammad Alfi Nurbaihaqi Reg. Number: 35.2014.2.1.266 Supervisor: Asep Awaludin, M.Ag. DEPARTMENT COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELIGONS FACULTY OF USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITY OF DARUSSALAM DARUSSALAM MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL GONTOR PONOROGO 1440/2019 ABSTRAK AJARAN-AJARAN IBRAHIM DALAM YAHUDI DAN ISLAM Muhammad Alfi Nurbaihaqi 35.2014.2.1.266 Ibrahim merupakan ayah dari agama Yahudi, Kristen, dan Islam. Ketiga agama tersebut telah mengalami perdebatan dalam beberapa isu dan berperang dalam beberapa pertempuran. Salah satu cara untuk memecahkan tembok yang berdiri di sekitar mereka adalah dengan mengetahui asal-usul ketiga agama tersebut. Dalam hal ini, Ibrahim adalah seorang figur yang diakui oleh masing-masing agama tersebut. Maka perlu adanya pengkajian lebih lanjut terhadap Ibrahim untuk menjawab persamaan dan perbedaan dari ketiga agama itu. Kisah tentang Ibrahim sendiri masih mengilhami penganut ketiga agama untuk menjadi Yahudi, Kristen, dan Muslim yang baik. Namun peneliti hanya memfokuskan studinya pada dua agama saja, Yahudi dan Islam. Karena ajaran Ibrahim dalam Yahudi dan Islam lebih terintegrasi pada konsep monoteisme bahwa hanya ada satu Tuhan yang layak untuk disembah dan menentang segala jenis paganisme dan politeisme. Penelitian yang ditulis oleh peneliti ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang ajaranIbrahim dalam Yahudi dan Islam, serta mengeksplorasi hal-hal fundamental dalam masing-masing agama yang kemudian dikaitkan titik persamaan dan perbedaannnya. -
Neonatal Male Circumcision
Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities ISSN: 2575-8586 Opinion Glob J Intellect Dev Disabil Volume 1 Issue 5 - June 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Mark Stephen Umoh DOI: 10.19080/GJIDD.2017.01.555571 Neonatal Male Circumcision Mark Stephen Umoh* Department of Surgery, University of Calabar, Nigeria Submission: May 16, 2017; Published: June 30, 2017 *Corresponding author: Mark Stephen Umoh, Head of Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine College of Medical sciences, University of Email: Calabar (UNICAL)/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, (UCTH) UNICAL, Post Office Box 37713, Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria, Introduction Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure When is the Best Time? performed worldwide. It is estimated that about 30% of human Newborn period provides a window of opportunity for males have undergone the ritual, of whom Muslims comprises considerable trauma of birth, has elevated levels of normal array of medical, socio-cultural and religious reasons. The circumcision. The newborn, having recently experienced the 70%. Majority of neonatal circumcision are based on a complex controversy continues-Neonatal circumcision or otherwise and use of local anesthesia means little or no pain. Since the stress-resistance hormones. Babies heal quickly, are resilient, inner and outer foreskin layers adhere to each other, sutures are rarely needed in babies. [1,2]. The clinical benefits of circumcision include reducing virus (HIV) infection, Phimosis, Urinary tract infection (UTI) sexual transmitted disease (STD), Human Immunodeficiency Circumcision in the newborn period is safe and technically Penile cancer, cervical cancer in female mates; etc. The common easy. It is also more convenient, not remembered by the male complications include haemorrhage, infection and failure to when grown, and is much cheaper, as well as providing the remove enough foreskins, injury to the glans penis etc. -
Volume XIII, Issue 4 August 2019 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 13, Issue 4
ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIII, Issue 4 August 2019 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 13, Issue 4 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................i Articles Benevolent Radicalization: An Antidote to Terrorism.................................................................................1 by Kenneth P. Reidy Calling on Women: Female-specific Motivation Narratives in Danish Online Jihad Propaganda..............14 by Sara Jul Jacobsen When Foreign Fighters Come Home: The Story of Six Danish Returnees...................................................27 by Maja Touzari Greenwood Does Trust Prevent Fear in the Aftermath of Terrorist Attacks?...................................................................39 by Bernard Enjolras, Kari Steen-Johnsen, Francisco Herreros, Øyvind Bugge Solheim, Marte Slagsvold Winsvold, Shana Kushner Gadarian, and Atte Oksanen Research Note The White Wolves: The Terrorist Manifesto That Wasn’t?.................................................................................56 by Paul Stott Resources Tom Parker. Avoiding the Terrorist Trap: Why Respect for Human Rights is the Key to Defeating Terrorism (2019).............................................................................................................................................................63 Reviewed by Alex P. Schmid William Allchorn (Ed.), Tracking the Rise of the Radical Right Globally (2019).......................................65 -
Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: the Weight of the Past
Finnish Journal of Ethnicity and Migration Vol. 3, No. 2 / 2008 www.etmu.fi Publisher Special Issue: Female Genital Cutting in the Past and Today • The Society for the Study of Ethnic Relations and International Migration (ETMU) Contents • This journal is available online at http://www.etmu.fi/fjem/ 2 Marja Tiilikainen and Janneke Johansson: Introduction • ISSN 1796-6582 Articles Editorial Staff 4 Janice Boddy: Clash of Selves: Gender, Personhood, and Human Rights Discourse in Colonial Sudan • Editor-in-chief: Matti Similä (CEREN) 14 William G. Clarence-Smith: Islam and Female Genital Cutting in • Guest editor-in-chief: Marja Tiilikainen Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past (University of Helsinki) 23 Basilica Dyah Putranti: To Islamize, Becoming a Real Woman or • Assistant editor: Maarit Forde Commercialized Practices? Questioning Female Genital Cutting in (Newcastle University) Indonesia • Guest assistant editors: Susan Villa and 32 Claudia Merli: Sunat for Girls in Southern Thailand: Its Relation to Janneke Johansson (Finnish League for Traditional Midwifery, Male Circumcision and Other Obstetrical Practices Human Rights) 42 Brigitte Bagnol and Esmeralda Mariano: Elongation of the labia • Book review editor: Heli Hyvönen (Uni- minora and Use of Vaginal Products to Enhance Eroticism: Can These Practices be Considered FGM? versity of Helsinki) Mika Takoja 54 Courtney Smith: Creating Spaces: Challenging Conventional • Desktop publishing: (Popu- Discursive Norms Surrounding the Marking of Women’s Bodies lation Research Institute/Väestöliitto) 64 Aud Talle: Precarious Identities: Somali Women in Exile Editorial Board 74 Sara Johnsdotter: Popular Notions of FGC in Sweden: The Case of Ali • Elli Heikkilä (Institute of Migration), Elmi Mikko Lagerspetz (Åbo Akademi), Yngve Lithman (University of Bergen), Tuomas Project Reports Martikainen (Åbo Akademi), Sari Pie- 83 R. -
Women's Involvement in Masjid Raya Mujahidin Pontianak
Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan Vol. 25 No.1 (2017) pp. 253-274 Doi: 10.21580/ws.25.1.1336 GENDER EQUALITY IN MOSQUE MANAGEMENT: WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN MASJID RAYA MUJAHIDIN PONTIANAK CUCU NURJAMILAH1 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak Abstract In the context of da’wah management, the functions of the mosque are not optimal yet. The activities of the masjid are only focused on the center of worship, religious activities, but have not touched the equality yet. In order to answer the problems above, the re- searcher used fieldwork with the method of case studies. Through an in-depth interview technique, participant observation and study of documentation found that Masjid Mujahidin Pontianak has involved women in the management of masjid, and succeed- ed in increasing the functions of the masjid. Involving women in the management of masjid will strengthen one dimension that is important in Islam that is Islam seriously upholds the equality of degree in various aspect, including Islam is a religion that highly responsive gender. When the management of mosque is filled with a variety of different groups, including giving places to women, then frictions and clashes caused by differences in the understand- ing in the society will be minimized, and then the role and function of masjid will be able to touch various aspects such as economics, health, and education. Dalam konteks pengelolaan dakwah, fungsi masjid sebagai me- dia dakwah belum diberdayakan secara optimal. Kegiatan mas- jid yang ada hanya digunakan sebagai pusat ibadah dan aktivitas keagamaan, selebihnya belum menyentuh pada persoalan gender. Corresponding author; email: [email protected] ISSN 0852-7172 (p) 2461-064X (e) © 2017 Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan http://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/walisongo 253 CUCU NURJAMILAH Guna menjawab permasalahan di atas, dilakukan studi lapangan dengan metode studi kasus. -
Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision Sami A
Third World Legal Studies Volume 13 Women's Rights and Traditional Law: A Article 4 Conflict 1-4-1995 Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision Sami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls Recommended Citation Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh, Sami A. (1995) "Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision," Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 13, Article 4. Available at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls/vol13/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Third World Legal Studies by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. ISLAMIC LAW AND THE ISSUE OF MALE AND FEMALE CIRCUMCISION Sami A. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh* Chapter I. Definitions and Erroneous Distinctions I. Male and Female Circumcision Female circumcision has triggered a passionate public debate in the West, with many national, non-governmental, and international organizations showing their concern. This debate has found somewhat of an echo in the Arab world. Feminist circles demand its abolition, while simultaneously the Muslim religious circles continue to justify female circumcision, only in the form called sunnah, which means the one conforming to the tradition (sunnah) of Muhammad (see chapter II, paragraph I). Unlike female circumcision, male circumcision does not really interest anyone. The debate on the topic is still taboo. During the UN Seminar in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), the majority of participants agreed that the justifications for female circumcision "must be assimilated to superstition and denounced as such" since "neither the Bible, nor the Koran recommend that women be circumcised.