Looking Back at Postgres
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Ingres 9.3 Migration Guide
Ingres® 9.3 Migration Guide ING-93-MG-02 This Documentation is for the end user's informational purposes only and may be subject to change or withdrawal by Ingres Corporation ("Ingres") at any time. This Documentation is the proprietary information of Ingres and is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and international treaties. It is not distributed under a GPL license. You may make printed or electronic copies of this Documentation provided that such copies are for your own internal use and all Ingres copyright notices and legends are affixed to each reproduced copy. You may publish or distribute this document, in whole or in part, so long as the document remains unchanged and is disseminated with the applicable Ingres software. Any such publication or distribution must be in the same manner and medium as that used by Ingres, e.g., electronic download via website with the software or on a CD- ROM. Any other use, such as any dissemination of printed copies or use of this documentation, in whole or in part, in another publication, requires the prior written consent from an authorized representative of Ingres. To the extent permitted by applicable law, INGRES PROVIDES THIS DOCUMENTATION "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL INGRES BE LIABLE TO THE END USER OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, FROM THE USER OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, GOODWILL, OR LOST DATA, EVEN IF INGRES IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE. -
Open Standards in Open Source Andrew Savory, Luminas
Open Standards in Open Source Andrew Savory, Luminas 1 This is a tongue-in-cheek look at the symbiotic relationship between Open Standards and Open Source. It is designed to stimulate discussion rather than to be entirely truthful or accurate! Introduction • Andrew Savory: • OS developer for ~ 10 years • Developer on Apache Cocoon, Jackrabbit • Open Source pragmatist • Director of Luminas and Orixo 2 What are standards? • Industry standards • PDF? Word? • “open” standards • What’s the price of interoperability? • Relax-NG = £55 • Open Standards 3 The word “standard” is frequently abused, and there are several different types of “standard” in the IT industry: - Industry standards: where the market-leader uses / abuses their position to push one way of working (typically file formats) and will rarely publish the specifications for that widely-adopted “standard”. - “open” standards, which pretend to be widely available but where you have to pay the standards body to access the specifications. - Open Standards, often in the form of Recommendations (W3C) or RFQs (IETF). These are designed by experts and made available to anyone, with feedback and improvements encouraged and expected. Why Standards? • Interoperability • Competition • Security and testing 4 Why are standards important to Open Source developers? Interoperability: we aren’t interested in vendor lock-in. We want to make sure our software works with others. - even some proprietary developers understand this: a good example is Brent Simmons, author of NetNewsWire Competition: we’re a fiercely competitive lot, and we each believe we’re going to produce the best implementation. Because Open Source developers love to compete with each other, we need a frame of reference - standards set out the ground rules. -
Oracle Vs. Nosql Vs. Newsql Comparing Database Technology
Oracle vs. NoSQL vs. NewSQL Comparing Database Technology John Ryan Senior Solution Architect, Snowflake Computing Table of Contents The World has Changed . 1 What’s Changed? . 2 What’s the Problem? . .. 3 Performance vs. Availability and Durability . 3 Consistecy vs. Availability . 4 Flexibility vs . Scalability . 5 ACID vs. Eventual Consistency . 6 The OLTP Database Reimagined . 7 Achieving the Impossible! . .. 8 NewSQL Database Technology . 9 VoltDB . 10 MemSQL . 11 Which Applications Need NewSQL Technology? . 12 Conclusion . 13 About the Author . 13 ii The World has Changed The world has changed massively in the past 20 years. Back in the year 2000, a few million users connected to the web using a 56k modem attached to a PC, and Amazon only sold books. Now billions of people are using to their smartphone or tablet 24x7 to buy just about everything, and they’re interacting with Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. The pace has been unstoppable . Expectations have also changed. If a web page doesn’t refresh within seconds we’re quickly frustrated, and go elsewhere. If a web site is down, we fear it’s the end of civilisation as we know it. If a major site is down, it makes global headlines. Instant gratification takes too long! — Ladawn Clare-Panton Aside: If you’re not a seasoned Database Architect, you may want to start with my previous articles on Scalability and Database Architecture. Oracle vs. NoSQL vs. NewSQL eBook 1 What’s Changed? The above leads to a few observations: • Scalability — With potentially explosive traffic growth, IT systems need to quickly grow to meet exponential numbers of transactions • High Availability — IT systems must run 24x7, and be resilient to failure. -
QUERY-DRIVEN TEXT ANALYTICS for KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION, RESOLUTION, and INFERENCE by CHRISTAN EARL GRANT a DISSERTATION PRESENTED
QUERY-DRIVEN TEXT ANALYTICS FOR KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION, RESOLUTION, AND INFERENCE By CHRISTAN EARL GRANT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 c 2015 Christan Earl Grant To Jesus my Savior, Vanisia my wife, my daughter Caliah, soon to be born son and my parents and siblings, whom I strive to impress. Also, to all my brothers and sisters battling injustice while I battled bugs and deadlines. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I had an opportunity to see my dad, a software engineer from Jamaica work extremely hard to get a master's degree and work as a software engineer. I even had the privilege of sitting in some of his classes as he taught at a local university. Watching my dad work towards intellectual endeavors made me believe that anything is possible. I am extremely privileged to have someone I could look up to as an example of being a man, father, and scholar. I had my first taste of research when Dr. Joachim Hammer went out of his way to find a task for me on one of his research projects because I was interested in attending graduate school. After working with the team for a few weeks he was willing to give me increased responsibility | he let me attend the 2006 SIGMOD Conference in Chicago. It was at this that my eyes were opened to the world of database research. As an early graduate student Dr. Joseph Wilson exercised superhuman patience with me as I learned to grasp the fundamentals of paper writing. -
The Declarative Imperative Experiences and Conjectures in Distributed Logic
The Declarative Imperative Experiences and Conjectures in Distributed Logic Joseph M. Hellerstein University of California, Berkeley [email protected] ABSTRACT The juxtaposition of these trends presents stark alternatives. The rise of multicore processors and cloud computing is putting Will the forecasts of doom and gloom materialize in a storm enormous pressure on the software community to find solu- that drowns out progress in computing? Or is this the long- tions to the difficulty of parallel and distributed programming. delayed catharsis that will wash away today’s thicket of im- At the same time, there is more—and more varied—interest in perative languages, preparing the ground for a more fertile data-centric programming languages than at any time in com- declarative future? And what role might the database com- puting history, in part because these languages parallelize nat- munity play in shaping this future, having sowed the seeds of urally. This juxtaposition raises the possibility that the theory Datalog over the last quarter century? of declarative database query languages can provide a foun- Before addressing these issues directly, a few more words dation for the next generation of parallel and distributed pro- about both crisis and opportunity are in order. gramming languages. 1.1 Urgency: Parallelism In this paper I reflect on my group’s experience over seven years using Datalog extensions to build networking protocols I would be panicked if I were in industry. and distributed systems. Based on that experience, I present — John Hennessy, President, Stanford University [35] a number of theoretical conjectures that may both interest the database community, and clarify important practical issues in The need for parallelism is visible at micro and macro scales. -
Supported Reading Software
Readers: Hardware & Software AMIS is a DAISY 2 & 3 playback software application for DTBs. Features include navigation by section, sub-section, page, and phrase; bookmarking; customize font, color; control voice rate and volume; navigation shortcuts; two views. http://www.daisy.org/amis?q=project/amis Balabolka is a text-to-speech (TTS) program. All computer voices installed on a system are available to Balabolka. On-screen text can be saved as a WAV, MP3, OGG or WMA file. The program can read clipboard content, view text from DOC, RTF, PDF, FB2 and HTML files, customize font and background color, control reading from the system tray or by global hotkeys. It can also be run from a flash drive. http://www.cross-plus- a.com/balabolka.htm BeBook offers four stand-alone e-book reader devices, from a mini model with a 5" screen to a wireless model with Wi-Fi capability. BeBook supports over 20 file formats, including Word, ePUB, PDF, Text, Mobipocket, HTML, JPG, and MP3. It has a patented Vizplex screen and 512 MB internal memory (which can store over 1,000 books) while external memory can be used with an SD card. Features include the ability to adjust fonts and font sizes, bookmarking, 9 levels of magnification with PDF sources, and menu support in 15 languages. http://mybebook.com/ Blio “is a reading application that presents e-books just like the printed version, in full color … with …features” and allows purchased books to be used on up to 5 devices with “reading views, including text-only mode, single page, dual page, tiled pages, or 3D ‘book view’” (from the web site). -
The Ingres Next Initiative Enabling the Cloud, Mobile, and Web Journeys for Our Actian X and Ingres Database Customers
The Ingres NeXt Initiative Enabling the Cloud, Mobile, and Web Journeys for our Actian X and Ingres Database Customers Any organization that has leveraged technology to help run their business Benefits knows that the costs associated with on-going maintenance and support for Accelerate Cost Savings legacy systems can often take the upwards of 50% of the budget. Analysts and • Seize near-term cost IT vendors tend to see these on-going investments as sub-optimum, but for reductions across your IT and mission critical systems that have served their organizations well for decades business operations and tight budgets, , the risk to operations and business continuity make • Leverage existing IT replacing these tried and tested mission critical systems impractical. In many investments and data sources cases, these essential systems contain thousands of hours of custom developed business logic investment. • Avoid new CAPEX cycles when Products such as Actian Ingres and, more recently Actian X Relational retiring legacy systems Database Management Systems (RDBMS), have proven Actian’s commitment to helping our customers maximize their existing investments without having Optimize Risk Mitigation to sacrifice modern functionality. Ultimately, this balance in preservation and • Preserve investments in existing business logic while innovation with Ingres has taken us to three areas of development and taking advantage of modern deployment: continuation of heritage UNIX variants on their associated capabilities hardware, current Linux and Windows for on-premise and virtualized environments and most importantly, enabling migration to the public cloud. • Same database across all platforms Based on a recent survey of our Actian X and Ingres customer base, we are seeing a growing desire to move database workloads to the Cloud. -
The Best Nurturers in Computer Science Research
The Best Nurturers in Computer Science Research Bharath Kumar M. Y. N. Srikant IISc-CSA-TR-2004-10 http://archive.csa.iisc.ernet.in/TR/2004/10/ Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science, India October 2004 The Best Nurturers in Computer Science Research Bharath Kumar M.∗ Y. N. Srikant† Abstract The paper presents a heuristic for mining nurturers in temporally organized collaboration networks: people who facilitate the growth and success of the young ones. Specifically, this heuristic is applied to the computer science bibliographic data to find the best nurturers in computer science research. The measure of success is parameterized, and the paper demonstrates experiments and results with publication count and citations as success metrics. Rather than just the nurturer’s success, the heuristic captures the influence he has had in the indepen- dent success of the relatively young in the network. These results can hence be a useful resource to graduate students and post-doctoral can- didates. The heuristic is extended to accurately yield ranked nurturers inside a particular time period. Interestingly, there is a recognizable deviation between the rankings of the most successful researchers and the best nurturers, which although is obvious from a social perspective has not been statistically demonstrated. Keywords: Social Network Analysis, Bibliometrics, Temporal Data Mining. 1 Introduction Consider a student Arjun, who has finished his under-graduate degree in Computer Science, and is seeking a PhD degree followed by a successful career in Computer Science research. How does he choose his research advisor? He has the following options with him: 1. Look up the rankings of various universities [1], and apply to any “rea- sonably good” professor in any of the top universities. -
In-RDBMS Hardware Acceleration of Advanced Analytics
In-RDBMS Hardware Acceleration of Advanced Analytics Divya Mahajan∗ Joon Kyung Kim∗ Jacob Sacks∗ Adel Ardalan† Arun Kumar‡ Hadi Esmaeilzadeh‡ ∗Georgia Institute of Technology †University of Wisconsin-Madison ‡University of California, San Diego fdivya mahajan,jkkim,[email protected] [email protected] farunkk,[email protected] ABSTRACT The data revolution is fueled by advances in machine learning, databases, and hardware design. Programmable accelerators are making their way into each of these areas independently. As Enterprise Bismarck [7] such, there is a void of solutions that enables hardware accelera- In-Database Glade [8] tion at the intersection of these disjoint fields. This paper sets out Analytics Centaur [3] to be the initial step towards a unifying solution for in-Database DoppioDB [4] Acceleration of Advanced Analytics (DAnA). Deploying special- Modern DAnA Analytical ized hardware, such as FPGAs, for in-database analytics currently Acceleration Programing Platforms Paradigms requires hand-designing the hardware and manually routing the data. Instead, DAnA automatically maps a high-level specifica- tion of advanced analytics queries to an FPGA accelerator. The TABLA [5] accelerator implementation is generated for a User Defined Func- Catapult [6] tion (UDF), expressed as a part of an SQL query using a Python- Figure 1: DAnA represents the fusion of three research directions, embedded Domain-Specific Language (DSL). To realize an effi- in contrast with prior works [3{5,7{9] that merge two of the areas. cient in-database integration, DAnA accelerators contain a novel hardware structure, Striders, that directly interface with the buffer terprise settings. However, data-driven applications in such envi- pool of the database. -
Document Publishing in the Daisy CMS
Document publishing in the Daisy CMS Cocoon GetTogether October 4, 2006 Amsterdam Bruno Dumon [email protected] http://www.daisycms.org/ http://www.outerthought.org/ What is Daisy? ● CMS = Content Management System ● Java-based, frontend build on Cocoon (2.1) ● Open source project ● Daisy 1.0 released October 12, 2004 Current release: Daisy 1.5, Daisy 2.0 on the way. ● Used by Cocoon for its documentation Agenda ● General Daisy overview ● Demo of Daisy document publishing features ● Daisy Wiki overview ● Delve into how the document publishing works Daisy CMS HTTP+XML communication Web browser Daisy Wiki Daisy repository server Other frontends (e.g. see gsoc) Cocoon maven plugin Forrest plugin Import/export tools Utility applications (automation of boring tasks) Core repository server features ● Manages 'documents' – identified by an ID (Daisy 2.0: namespaced) – parts and fields (defined by a schema) – language and branch variants – flat structure (no directories) ● Versioning ● Locking ● Access control ● Link extraction ● Querying: full text, structured search, faceted browsing ● JMS notifications ● APIs: native: Java, remote access: HTTP+XML, Java ● Persistence: SQL database + files ystem + lucene index ● Backup solution Repository server extensions Repository JVM Core repository server API & SPI Extension components Navigation manager Email notifications Thumbnail generation Publisher Document tasks LDAP authentication NTLM authentication (demo) The Daisy Wiki ● A Cocoon-based application ● Much of the tough work is done by the repository, Wiki can focus on end-user interaction and styling. ● Can be viewed as: – a ready-to-use application – a front-end platform Daisy Wiki customisation ● Customisation possibilities: – Skinning (custom layout) – Document type and query styling – Extensions ● /ext/** are forwarded to custom sitemap.xmap ● flowscript API to access Daisy context: repository API etc. -
SQL Vs Nosql
SQL vs NoSQL By: Mohammed-Ali Khan Email: [email protected] Date: October 21, 2012 YORK UNIVERSITY Agenda ● History of DBMS – why relational is most popular? ● Types of DBMS – brief overview ● Main characteristics of RDBMS ● Main characteristics of NoSQL DBMS ● SQL vs NoSQL ● DB overview – Cassandra ● Criticism of NoSQL ● Some Predictions / Conclusions History of DBMS – why relational is most popular? ● 19th century: US Government needed reports from large datasets to conduct nation-wide census. ● 1890: Herman Hollerith creates the first automatic processing equipment which allowed American census to be conducted. ● 1911: IBM founded. ● 1960s: Efforts to standardize the database technology – US DoD: Conference on Data Systems Language (Codasyl). History of DBMS – why relational is most popular? ● 1968: IBM introduced IMS DBMS (a hierarchical DBMS). ● IBM employee Edgar Codd not satisfied, quoted as saying: – “Taking the old line view, that the burden of finding information should be placed on users...” ● Edgar Codd publishes a paper “A relational Model of Data for large shared Data Banks” – Key points: Independence of data from hardware/storage implementation – High level non-procedural language for data access – Pointers/keys (primary/secondary) History of DBMS – why relational is most popular? ● 1970s: Two database projects launched based on relational model – Ingres (Department of Defence Initiative) – System R (IBM) ● Ingres had its own query language called QUEL whereas System R used SQL. ● Larry Ellison, who worked at IBM, read publications of the System R group and eventually founded ORACLE. History of DBMS – why relational is most popular? ● 1980: IBM introduced SQL for the mainframe market. ● In a nutshell, American Government's requirements had a strong role in development of the relational DBMS. -
Daisy the Open Source CMS
Daisy the Open Source CMS Steven NOELS Managing Partner, Outerthought Zwijnaarde, Belgium [email protected] Abstract Daisy is an open source content management framework, and consists of a stand-alone repository server and several client applications, the most notable being the Daisy Wiki application. Daisy has a strict two-tier separation between repository server and clients, which communicate using an HTTP- and XML-based interface. This whitepaper highlights some of Daisy’s innovative concepts, and explains where Daisy is different from the multitude of other CMS applications out there. These distinct Daisy concepts make Daisy an ideal candidate for managing diverse sets of information, for both website content management, software documentation and for intranet knowledge sharing. 1 Distinct Daisy Concepts 1.1 A Big Bag of Documents A Daisy repository can be envisioned as a big bag of documents: no more, no less. Documents can be grouped into Collections, and can be queried upon using their associated metadata, but the repository model itself has no concept of hierarchy. Often, a content repository imposes a hierarchical approach to managing repository contents, using the all-too-familiar “folders” concept. Looking at the typical use of content management systems, the repository hierarchy will then reflect either the organisational structure of a company, or the navigation hierarchy of the website(s) published out of the repository: there’s no middle ground between both approaches. This makes reuse of information, and sharing documents across department walls harder if not impossible. When the company organisation changes, the document repository will need to reflect these changes as well.