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The Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan
The Vegetation ofRobinson Crusoe Island (Isla Masatierra), Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile1 Josef Greimler,2,3 Patricio Lopez 5., 4 Tod F. Stuessy, 2and Thomas Dirnbiick5 Abstract: Robinson Crusoe Island of the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, as is the case with many oceanic islands, has experienced strong human disturbances through exploitation ofresources and introduction of alien biota. To understand these impacts and for purposes of diversity and resource management, an accu rate assessment of the composition and structure of plant communities was made. We analyzed the vegetation with 106 releves (vegetation records) and subsequent Twinspan ordination and produced a detailed colored map at 1: 30,000. The resultant map units are (1) endemic upper montane forest, (2) endemic lower montane forest, (3) Ugni molinae shrubland, (4) Rubus ulmifolius Aristotelia chilensis shrubland, (5) fern assemblages, (6) Libertia chilensis assem blage, (7) Acaena argentea assemblage, (8) native grassland, (9) weed assemblages, (10) tall ruderals, and (11) cultivated Eucalyptus, Cupressus, and Pinus. Mosaic patterns consisting of several communities are recognized as mixed units: (12) combined upper and lower montane endemic forest with aliens, (13) scattered native vegetation among rocks at higher elevations, (14) scattered grassland and weeds among rocks at lower elevations, and (15) grassland with Acaena argentea. Two categories are included that are not vegetation units: (16) rocks and eroded areas, and (17) settlement and airfield. Endemic forests at lower elevations and in drier zones of the island are under strong pressure from three woody species, Aristotelia chilensis, Rubus ulmifolius, and Ugni molinae. The latter invades native forests by ascending dry slopes and ridges. -
Barrett Unpubl
Plant evolution of islands 1. Islands as evolutionary laboratories – Darwin and the Galápagos 2. Colonization and establishment: the reproductive biology and genetics of island plants 3. A glimpse of Caribbean islands and cays 4. Island hopping: Juan Fernández, New Caledonia and Australia Island biology 1. Main influences on diversity: island age & size, distance from mainland, environmental heterogeneity and intensity of human disturbance 2. Geographical isolation & novel environments result in evolutionary diversification (= adaptive radiation) and high levels of endemism 3. Founder effects and genetic bottlenecks a prominent feature of island populations 4. Island novelty includes: evolution of woodiness, high incidence of dioecy, transitions to selfing and wind- pollination Islands as evolutionary laboratories Darwin Wallace Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace gained numerous insights into evolutionary diversification from studies of island biogeography Island exploration and the development of Darwins ideas on evolution • Voyage on H.M.S. Beagle around the world (1831-1836) as ships naturalist • Made numerous observations and collections of plants, animals & fossils • His observations on patterns of variation in the Galápagos islands were particularly influential • Darwin saw many ‘incipient species’ and geographical races and this caused him to doubt the ‘fixity’ of species and their origin by special creation H.M.S. Beagle sails to Galápagos Islands Galápagos Islands • 15 main islands of volcanic origin; oldest 5-10 million -
Genera in Myrtaceae Family
Genera in Myrtaceae Family Genera in Myrtaceae Ref: http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html R. K. Brummitt 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew REF: Australian – APC http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html & APNI http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni Some of these genera are not native but naturalised Tasmanian taxa can be found at the Census: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1273 Future reference: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania [Myrtaceae is being edited at mo] Acca O.Berg Euryomyrtus Schaur Osbornia F.Muell. Accara Landrum Feijoa O.Berg Paragonis J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant Acmena DC. [= Syzigium] Gomidesia O.Berg Paramyrciaria Kausel Acmenosperma Kausel [= Syzigium] Gossia N.Snow & Guymer Pericalymma (Endl.) Endl. Actinodium Schauer Heteropyxis Harv. Petraeomyrtus Craven Agonis (DC.) Sweet Hexachlamys O.Berg Phymatocarpus F.Muell. Allosyncarpia S.T.Blake Homalocalyx F.Muell. Pileanthus Labill. Amomyrtella Kausel Homalospermum Schauer Pilidiostigma Burret Amomyrtus (Burret) D.Legrand & Kausel [=Leptospermum] Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris Angasomyrtus Trudgen & Keighery Homoranthus A.Cunn. ex Schauer Pimenta Lindl. Angophora Cav. Hottea Urb. Pleurocalyptus Brongn. & Gris Archirhodomyrtus (Nied.) Burret Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl. Plinia L. Arillastrum Pancher ex Baill. Kania Schltr. Pseudanamomis Kausel Astartea DC. Kardomia Peter G. Wilson Psidium L. [naturalised] Asteromyrtus Schauer Kjellbergiodendron Burret Psiloxylon Thouars ex Tul. Austromyrtus (Nied.) Burret Kunzea Rchb. Purpureostemon Gugerli Babingtonia Lindl. Lamarchea Gaudich. Regelia Schauer Backhousia Hook. & Harv. Legrandia Kausel Rhodamnia Jack Baeckea L. Lenwebia N.Snow & ZGuymer Rhodomyrtus (DC.) Rchb. Balaustion Hook. Leptospermum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Rinzia Schauer Barongia Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland Lindsayomyrtus B.Hyland & Steenis Ristantia Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. -
I-Tree Canopy
Home of the San Diego County tree map “Planning the Urban Forest” Why we need larger and healthier trees Robin Y. Rivet: [email protected] ISA Certified Arborist- WE-7558A What is Urban Forestry? • Why does it matter? • Where to get information? • What has gone wrong? • How can we improve? This is a nice place… BUT DIFFICULT TO RETROFIT FOR MOST CITIES It’s NOT just about trees… SAN DIEGO URBAN FOREST Watersheds golf courses graveyards Schoolyards Private homes Streets and alleys flower fields orchards Places of worship Government lands Beaches and dunes Commercial business The legal “definition” from California code PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE SECTION 4799.06-4799.12 4799.09. As used in this chapter the following terms have the following meanings: (c) "Urban forestry" means the cultivation and management of native or introduced trees and related vegetation in urban areas for their present and potential contribution to the economic, physiological, sociological, and ecological well-being of urban society. (d) "Urban forest" means those native or introduced trees and related vegetation in the urban and near-urban areas, including, but not limited to, urban watersheds, soils and related habitats, street trees, park trees, residential trees, natural riparian habitats, and trees on other private and public properties. The Urban Forestry Act was passed in 1978, OPR page launched 2012 Urban Forestry Act (PRC 4799.06 - 4799.12) American Forests Urban Ecosystem Analysis conducted over six years in ten select cities An estimated 634,407,719 trees are currently missing from metropolitan areas across the United States – National Urban Tree Deficit In 1986, the National Urban and Community Forest Advisory Council conducted a 20-city survey to understand the condition of the nation’s street trees. -
Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Pecies
Check List 8(4): 832–838, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S remnant in southeastern Brazil OF Floristic composition of a freshwater * swamp forest ISTS L Júlio H. Ribeiro Magalhães and Rita C. S. Maimoni-Rodella Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Universidade Estadual Paulista,[email protected] Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica. Distrito de Rubião Júnior. Caixa Postal 510, CEP 18618-000. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The floristic composition in a freshwater swamp forest remnant located in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil, was studied. Only Angiosperms were collected in the area by means of random walks. A total of 92 species withwere aregistered. continuous The canopy families and with an inferior greater tree species layer richness composed were: mainly Orchidaceae by individuals (17 species), of Euterpe Rubiaceae edulis Mart.. (8) and A comparison Myrtaceae among(5). The the arboreal angiosperms component of the was study predominant. area and those The profile of ten swampdiagram forests of the vegetationin São Paulo showed state suggests a well-defined that the stratification, geographic position and other ecologic peculiarities of these forests, besides soil flooding, are factors that can influence their similarity concerning the floristic composition. Introduction municipality covers an area of 1495 km2, and has three Among the several vegetation formations found in distinct physiographic regions: one located in the area Brazil, the freshwater swamp forests are very peculiar called Peripheral Depression, with altitudes ranging from 400 to 600 meters, an intermediate region (or transition zone) composed by a slope, and one located at the top coverand occur a quite in permanently limited area, floodedconsidering soil. -
What Is the Long-Term Effect of Bamboo Dominance on Adult Trees
diversity Article What is the Long-Term Effect of Bamboo Dominance on Adult Trees in the Araucaria Forest? A Comparative Analysis between Two Successional Stages in Southern Brazil André Eduardo Biscaia Lacerda 1,* and Betina Kellermann 2 1 EMBRAPA Forestry - Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111, Caixa Postal 319, 83411-000 Colombo, Paraná, Brazil 2 Rua Doutor Nelson de Souza Pinto, 420, CEP 82200 060 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-41-3675-3532 Received: 25 July 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 16 September 2019 Abstract: Bamboos are opportunistic species that rapidly colonize open areas following forest disturbance, forming dense clusters that alter the regenerative processes and maintain lower levels of tree diversity. Widespread forest degradation, especially in Latin America and Asia, and human-induced introduction have allowed native and non-native bamboo species to thrive, hindering successional pathways that would otherwise lead to more diverse forests; such a large-scale phenomenon is a key concern in the conservation of forest resources around the globe. Despite previous research on this phenomenon, little is known about the long-term effects of bamboo dominance on forest structure and composition and the corresponding interaction with natural regeneration. As such, we sought to evaluate the long-term effects of bamboo dominance on the dynamics of adult forest populations considering two forest types (Bamboo Forest—BF and Araucaria Forest—AF) over an 11-year period in the Embrapa Research Station in Caçador, Brazil. We monitored 20 plots (15 15 m) in each forest type × where we tagged, identified, and measured the height and diameter of all the trees taller than 1.5 m (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 3.18 cm. -
Conservation, Restoration, and Development of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile"
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 74:899-910, 2001 DOCUMENT Project "Conservation, Restoration, and Development of the Juan Fernandez islands, Chile" Proyecto conservaci6n, restauraci6n y desarrollo de las islas Juan Fernandez, Chile JAIME G. CUEVAS 1 & GART VAN LEERSUM 1Corresponding author: Corporaci6n Nacional Forestal, Parque Nacional Archipielago de Juan Fernandez, Vicente Gonzalez 130, Isla Robinson Crusoe, Chile ABSTRACT From a scientific point of view, the Juan Fernandez islands contain one of the most interesting floras of the planet. Although protected as a National Park and a World Biosphere Reserve, 400 years of human interference have left deep traces in the native plant communities. Repeated burning, overexploitation of species, and the introduction of animal and plant plagues have taken 75 % of the endemic vascular flora to the verge of extinction. In 1997, Chile's national forest service (Corporaci6n Nacional Forestal, CONAF) started an ambitious project, whose objective is the recovery of this highly complex ecosystem with a socio-ecological focus. Juan Fernandez makes an interesting case, as the local people (600 persons) practically live within the park, therefore impeding the exclusion of the people from any 2 conservation program. Secondly, the relatively small size of the archipelago (100 km ) permits the observation of the effects of whatever modification in the ecosystem on small scales in time and space. Thirdly, the native and introduced biota are interrelated in such a way that human-caused changes in one species population may provoke unexpected results amongst other, non-target species. The project mainly deals with the eradication or control of some animal and plant plagues, the active conservation and restoration of the flora and the inclusion of the local people in conservation planning. -
Taxonomic Treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) Endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific)
Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 171–178 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 29 June 2012 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012 Taxonomic treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific) José A. Mejías1,* & Seung-Chul Kim2 1) Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, ES-41012 Seville, Spain (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Korea 440-746 Received 29 June 2011, final version received 15 Nov. 2011, accepted 16 Nov. 2011 Mejías, J. A. & Kim, S. C. 2012: Taxonomic treatment of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands (SE Pacific). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 171–178. The evolutionary origin and taxonomic position of Dendroseris and Thamnoseris (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) are discussed in the light of recent molecular systematic studies. Based on the previous development of a robust phylogenetic framework, we support the inclusion of the group as a subgenus integrated within a new and broad concept of the genus Sonchus. This approach retains information on the evolutionary relationships of the group which most likely originated from an adaptive radiation process; furthermore, it also promotes holophyly in the subtribe Hyoseridinae (for- merly Sonchinae). Consequently, all the former Dendroseris and Thamnoseris species must be transferred to Sonchus. A preliminary nomenclatural synopsis of the proposed subgenus is given here, including the new required combinations. Introduction Within the tribe Cichorieae, the most prominent cases occur on the Canary Islands Adaptive radiation on oceanic islands has (NE Atlantic Ocean), and on the Juan Fern- yielded spectacular and explosive in-situ diversi- ández Islands (SE Pacific Ocean) (Crawford fication of plants (Carlquist 1974: 22–23), which et al. -
Dendroseris Litoralis Skottsb
Id especie: FICHA DE ESPECIE CLASIFICADA Nombre Científico Nombre Vernacular Dendroseris litoralis Skottsb. col de Juan Fernández En Skottsberg. C. The phanerogams of the Juan Fernández Islands. 204. 1922. Familia: Asteraceae tribu: Cichorieae (Muñoz 1973) subtribu: Sonchinae (Kim et al. 1996) subgénero: Dendroseris (Sanders et al. 1987) Sinonimia Dendroseris macrophylla var. marginata Johow En: Johow, . 68. 1896 Antecedentes Generales Especie perteneciente al género endémico Dendroseris. Endemismo presente en las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara. Compuesta de porte arbóreo de hasta 2,5 m de altura. Tronco tortuoso, ramificado desde cerca de su base, con látex. Ramas tortuosas cubiertas de hojas rotuladas en su parte apical. Hojas perennes, pecioladas, grandes (hasta 45 cm largo por 30 cm. de ancho), aovadas, coriáceas. Inflorescencia paniculada, péndula, capítulos numerosos; flores hermafroditas; corola amarillo anaranjado. El fruto es un aquenio, aplanado, ligeramente alado (Johow 1896; Skottsberg 1922) La germinación comienza a los 10 días después de sembrados, alcanzando el 95% a los 20 días (Ricci 1998). Fácilmente cultivable tanto en la isla como así también en Chile continental: Jardín Botanico Nacional de Viña del Mar, Maitencillo, etc (Ricci, obs.) Esta especie presenta alguna variabilidad genética (Crawford et al. 1998, Esselman et al. 2000), y se ha estudiado los mecanismos evolutivos del género (Crawford et al. 1992) Distribución geográfica (extensión de la presencia) Roqueríos de las islas Robinson Crusoe y Santa Clara; en esta última, en laderas escarpadas de exposición sur (Johow 1896, Skottsberg 1922, 1952, Ricci 1990). Se estima Extensión de la Presencia inferior a 0,1 km2. Tamaño poblacional estimado, abundancia relativa y estructura poblacional Ricci (1990) reportó 2 individuos creciendo en el Morro el Verdugo y 1 en el Morro Spartan; mientras que Danton (2004) menciona que sólo crecen 5 individuos en acantilados de la Isla Santa Clara. -
THE GENERA of AMERICAN MYRTACEAE — AN
THE GENERA OF AMERICA:;\" MYRTACEAE - A.\" IVfERIM REPORT Rogers McVaugh " J. Introduction . 3.54 II. Proposed realignment of the American Myrtcae 361 Ill. Enumeration of the genera 373 a. Tribe Myrteae . 373 b. Tribe Leptospermeae 409 e. Imperfectly known genera 409 d. Excluded genus 412 IV. Key to accepted genera of Tribe Myrtear- 412 V. Index to generic names. 417 1. INTRODUCTION Generic concepts developed slowly in the Myrtaceae. At the beginning of the 19th century few species were known, and these were traditionallv distributed among ten or twelve genera. Willdenow, for example (Sp. PI. 2: 93.5. 1800), knew among the capsular-fruited Myrtaceae 12 species of Leptospermum, 14 of Metrosideros, and 12 of Eucalyptus. The Myrtaceae with baccate fruits he referred to Eugenia 130 species), Psidium 18 species), jtlyrtus 128 species), Calyptranthes (6 species) and Plinia II species). The American Myrtaceae, except for the monotypic Chilean genus Tepualia, belong to the fleshy-fruited group that since the time of De Candolle has been recognized as a tribe, Myrteae. Outstanding contributions to the knowlrdge of the ~lJc~ies an'] genera of the American Myrteae were made bv De Candolle in 1828 r nd hv Berg in 18.55-62, but since Berg's time no one persc n 1,;., hed 2n ormor.uni;v In ~Jccome familiar with the group as a whole. The numh:r rf ,.le-~rihed ~~'ecie; i~ v-rv large. especially in tropical South America, and avail.v'il» h"r\~riu:~ material until rereut years consisted chiefly of the classical spe"::;)"n" H,;,'1er"rl ihrou-r'i Eurojern herbaria. -
Trees, Shrubs and Herbs of the Coastal Myrtaceae Swamp Forest (Región De La Araucanía, Chile): a Dataset
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63634 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e63634 Data Paper Trees, shrubs and herbs of the coastal Myrtaceae swamp forest (Región de La Araucanía, Chile): a dataset Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich‡, Elías Andrade Mansilla§, Fernando Peña-Cortés‡, Cristián Vergara Fernández‡ ‡ Laboratorio de Planificación Territorial, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Chile § Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile Corresponding author: Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich ([email protected]) Academic editor: Anatoliy Khapugin Received: 26 Jan 2021 | Accepted: 23 Feb 2021 | Published: 01 Mar 2021 Citation: Pincheira-Ulbrich J, Andrade Mansilla E, Peña-Cortés F, Vergara Fernández C (2021) Trees, shrubs and herbs of the coastal Myrtaceae swamp forest (Región de La Araucanía, Chile): a dataset. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63634. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e63634 Abstract Background Species lists are fundamental for knowledge of species diversity in regions subject to intense anthropogenic pressure, especially in poorly-studied ecosystems. The dataset comes from an inventory conducted in 30 fragments of Myrtaceae swamp forest, located in an agroforestry matrix landscape of the coastal La Araucanía Region in Chile. The data collection was carried out using line transect sampling, which was traced through the core of each fragment orientated towards its longest axis. The dataset provides a record of 55 species (24 trees, 1 vine [as a host], 16 herbs and 15 shrubs) including accidental epiphytes (n = 7), hemiparasites (n = 4), host (n = 10) and additionally woody debris (n = 36). The most frequent trees in the landscape were Myrceugenia exsucca (n = 36 records) and Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (n = 33 records), species that were also the most common hosts. -
Propagación Vegetativa De Myrceugenia Exsucca Y
BOSQUE 31(3): 247-251, 2010 Propagación vegetativa de Myrceugenia exsucca y Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii, especies dominantes del bosque pantanoso de la Depresión Intermedia de la región de La Araucanía, Chile Vegetative propagation of Myrceugenia exsucca and Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii, swamp forest dominant species of the central depression of Araucanía region, Chile Mirtha Latsague Vidala*, Patricia Sáez Delgadoab, Enrique Hauenstein Barraa, Fernando Peña-Cortésa *Autor de correspondencia: aUniversidad Católica de Temuco, Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, casilla 15-D Temuco, Chile, tel.: (45)205409, fax: (45)211034, [email protected] bUniversidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Concepción, Chile. SUMMARY The Araucanía region in Chile is rich in wetlands, standing out the swampy forests of Myrtaceae located in the central depression, which are mentioned in the red book of the priority places for Chile’s biological diversity conservation in the country. These forests are being intervened through drainage of their soils, logging and fret to fire, to obtain suitable soils for agriculture. The elimination of this type of ecosystems would mean an irreparable loss of the local biodiversity. The dominant species of this type of forest, Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii and Myrceugenia exsucca lack studies with regard to their regeneration capacity or vegetative propa- gation. The above mentioned situation can turn into a negative factor at the moment of planning strategies for their conservation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of in vivo rooting of semi hardwood stem cuttings of B. cruckshanksii and M. exsucca. The influence of exogenous auxins was analyzed. Cuttings collected in April 2008 at Pumalal sector, region of the Araucanía, Chile, were treated with indolbutyric acid (IBA) at different concentrations (0; 1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 2,500 mg L–1).