GRODNO, Belarus GRODNO, Belarus 69Th Session of the Commission

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GRODNO, Belarus GRODNO, Belarus 69Th Session of the Commission 69th Session of the Commission GRODNO, Belarus GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission Population: 357 000 people Administrative districts Area: 142 кm2 1 - Leninsky GRODNO IS HOME TO 451 2 - Oktyabrsky BELARUSIAN HISTORICAL Ethnic Composition: AND CULTURAL SITES, Belarusians, Poles, Russians, Jews, 388 OF WHICHARE Ukrainians, etc. LOCATED IN GRODNO CITY CENTER Religious Composition: Orthodox, Catholics, Protestants, Jews, etc. The city’s unique historical center – monument to the XII-XX century urban planning style GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY Opened in 2017 In 2020, the facility treated 162,000 tons of waste 44 000 tons were used by the enterprise 6 000 tons of recycled materials were generated. The sale of recycled materials amounted to 25% of the total revenue of the facility In 2021, we plan to install additional equipment for deeper waste recycling, which will increase recycled material recovery up to 58% GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING 120-apartment energy-efficient residential building 2nd generation Saw the commissioning at March 2017 Innovative heating, ventilation and heat supply systems have been introduced. The technologies of recuperation, the use of heat from the ground, urban collectors and gray drains have been applied Equipment and engineering solutions reduce traditional The average heat consumption in the house is 15 kWh per cubic energy consumption meter per year. In energy-efficient houses of the first generation, this figure is 39 kWh GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission Kolozha Park GREEN AREAS More than 7,000 trees and bushes are planted in the city every year The area of green zones in Grodno Rumlevo amounts to 44,5 кm2, which equals to 31.3% of the city's total area The largest green urban area is 4 parks - park «Kolozhsky», forest parks «Pyshki», «Rumlevo», «Lososno». In 2019, the Rumlevo Forest Park was transformed into a botanical natural monument of local importance. Its total area is 1 кm2. Kolozha Church GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Modern eco-friendly transport 15 self-powered trolleybuses (20% of the total trolleybus fleet) Developed electric vehicle charging network The fourth bridge across the Neman will connect residential and industrial areas, facilitating the future creation of the city's belt road GRODNO, Belarus 69th Session of the Commission F E S T I V AL OF NATIONAL CULTURES The city's signature event Held every two years Participates up to 140 nationalities The first festival took Thank you for your attention place in 1997.
Recommended publications
  • Lithuanian Synagogues: from the First Descriptions to Systematic Research
    arts Article Lithuanian Synagogues: From the First Descriptions to Systematic Research Vilma Gradinskaite Independent scholar, 05224 Vilnius, Lithuania; [email protected] Received: 4 March 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 21 May 2020 Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania during the four major historical periods of the country—Lithuania in the Russian Empire (1795–1918), Vilnius Region in the interwar period and the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1990), and the independent Republic of Lithuania restored in 1990. Each chapter of the article deals with the issues of synagogue research, heritage conservation and management, while the part about the restored independent Republic of Lithuania and modern days includes topical issues related to synagogue restoration, commemoration and putting them into operation. The study uses two different sources: archival materials and publications. Written sources and publications are reviewed in chronological order and start from the end of the 18th century. The study employs several research methods—the historical descriptive method, the comparative method and the analysis method. Keywords: Lithuania; synagogues; conservation; restoration; renovation; rebuilding; management; commemoration 1. Introduction The article presents several fields of study: (1) a review of the first descriptions of synagogues in Lithuania; (2) an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania; and (3) a brief reference to synagogue restoration, renovation, rebuilding, commemoration and putting into operation—topics which are currently particularly live in Lithuania today. It is not possible to understand the existing trends in synagogue research in Lithuania without considering the country’s past—the times of the Russian Empire, the interwar period and the Soviet period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Sarah from Ivatzevichi by Leonid Smilovitsky
    The Story of Sarah from Ivatzevichi by Leonid Smilovitsky Sarah Kopeliansky of Ivatzevichi was the lone member The Kopelianskys spoke Yiddish and Polish. Bentzion of her immediate family to survive World War II. This story subscribed to Hebrew periodicals from Palestine, including recreates her pre-war life, recounts her service with partisans the newspaper Davar. The journals and newspaper files were fighting the Germans, and her fate to the present. Ivatzevichi bound and shared with friends. Benzoin never returned from belonged to Poland when she was born but is now located in Warsaw without gifts. To his daughter he brought sweets; to Belarus. his wife cuts of cloth, woolen fabric, fur collars for vests and dresses, even silver buttons. From the history of the townlet According to the Lithuanian Record, the estate of Ivatzevichi was transferred in 1519 to Jewish merchants from Grodno.1 From 1654 Ivatzevichi was known as the estate of Yan Victorian, Judge of Slonim, Elder of Skidel and Mosty. For a century it was part of the Slonim District, Novohrudok Province, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1795. Not far off was “Merechevshchina,” the ancestral estate of Kosciusko.2 During 1863-1864, Ivatzevichi constituted part of the area involved in the uprising of Kastus Kalinovski against the Tsar’s government.3 The laying of the railroad from Brest to Moscow began next to Ivatzevichi in 1871. A small settlement arose where people engaged in forestry, ran a small distillery, a brick factory, and a water mill. During World War I, Ivatzevichi was occupied by the German armies of Kaiser Wilhelm II, and in 1919-1920 by those of Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Central European Horizons
    Central european Horizons VOL. II https://horizontok.hu ISSUE 1 2021 ISSN 2732-0456 The City Left Behind: Changes in the Ethnic Composition of Vilnius During and After World War II Péter Bedők Doi: 10.51918/ceh.2021.1.4 [email protected] Pázmány Péter Catholic University Abstract The population of Wilno/Vilnius numbered over 200 000 people when the Second World War broke out. The city found itself at the crossroads of Po- lish, Lithuanian and belated Belarusian nation building efforts. In the first phase of the war, the multi-ethnic city which was also a centre of a voivods- hip and where Poles were the majority community, came under Lithuanian authority. The Soviet military and diplomatic actions played a key role in this change. The arrival of the Soviet troops halted the extensive “Lithua- nianization” process that had begun. As a result, tensions between the Polish community and the Lithuanian state eased. The Extermination of the Jewish population the city commenced with the German invasion on 24 June 1941. Before the Soviet troops reached the Vilnius Region, the Polish Home Army (AK) gained control over the rural areas. Despite the Polish plans, Vilnius was liberated with the help of the Soviet Red Army on 13 July 1944. The relationship between the Polish and the Soviet army quickly turned hostile. Moreover, violence continued to accompany population movement. Even though the Old Town remained largely intact, the demographic profile of Vilnius altered dramatically. First, it became a Russian dominated space. Following the collectivization, as a result of the influx of the Lithuanians intensified and they gradually became the majority in the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Beginnings ¶ the Little Town of Lunna Was Established In
    Lunna -The town boasted for its shoemakers, tailors, home לונע .Pol. Łunna, Bel. Лунна, Yid owners, annual-fair days, market days, as well as for its fires. Yitzchak Eliashberg, Memoirs from Lunna, http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/lunna Beginnings ¶ The little town of Lunna divided into two parts: the royal town was established in 1531 on the order and the land belonging to the Sapieha of Queen Bona, who also gave permis- family. On the private estate, a settle- sion for a marketplace and a tavern to ment named Wola emerged, and the be established there. The name Lunna Jews moved there in 1785 after a fire in derives from the Baltic word łunas Lunna. The name Lunna-Wola is often (“mud”), or from the name of a marsh found in the literature. bird, łuń (“harrier”). The settlement was „ Once there was a little shtetl named Lunna. It was situated near the southern bank of the Nieman River and was surrounded by its lush green forests. A small town populated by 300 Jewish families, which was not known for its geniuses, famous rabbis, bright disciples or by any kind of glorious history whatsoever despite the fact that it was written in the Community’s historical documents that it had been traversed by the Napoleon armies at the time of his war against Russia. Trotzky also visited the headquar- ters, which were temporarily situated inside one of the town’s houses, at the time of the war between the Bolsheviks [and] the Poles. ¶ Yitzchak Eliashberg, Memoirs from Lunna, http://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/lunna The Jews of Lunna ¶ Most likely, the inhabited by 665 people, mainly Jews; Jewish community of Lunna emerged Lunna and Wola had separate syna- in the second half of the 16th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Jewry: a Chronology Written by Marek Web Edited and Designed by Ettie Goldwasser, Krysia Fisher, Alix Brandwein
    Polish Jewry: A Chronology Written by Marek Web Edited and Designed by Ettie Goldwasser, Krysia Fisher, Alix Brandwein © YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 2013 The old castle and the Maharsha synagogue in Ostrog, connected by an underground passage. Built in the 17th century, the synagogue was named after Rabbi Shmuel Eliezer Eidels (1555 – 1631), author of the work Hidushei Maharsha. In 1795 the Jews of Ostrog escaped death by hiding in the synagogue during a military attack. To celebrate their survival, the community observed a special Purim each year, on the 7th of Tamuz, and read a scroll or Megillah which told the story of this miracle. Photograph by Alter Kacyzne. YIVO Archives. Courtesy of the Forward Association. A Haven from Persecution YIVO’s dedication to the study of the history of Jews in Poland reflects the importance of Polish Jewry in the Jewish world over a period of one thou- sand years, from medieval times until the 20th century. In early medieval Europe, Jewish communities flourished across a wide swath of Europe, from the Mediterranean lands and the Iberian Peninsu- la to France, England and Germany. But beginning with the first crusade in 1096 and continuing through the 15th century, the center of Jewish life steadily moved eastward to escape persecutions, massacres, and expulsions. A wave of forced expulsions brought an end to the Jewish presence in West- ern Europe for long periods of time. In their quest to find safe haven from persecutions, Jews began to settle in Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia, and parts of Ukraine, and were able to form new communities there during the 12th through 14th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • BELARUS: an Orthodox Nation?
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 13 November 2003 BELARUS: An Orthodox Nation? By Geraldine Fagan, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> President Aleksandr Lukashenko has implied that Belarus is an Orthodox nation. However this is strongly disputed by those who point to the long history and present existence on Belarusian territory of other confessions. It has been suggested to Forum 18 News Service by an anonymous Orthodox source that the reason for the President's claim is that he "can't reject religion outright as it is too significant, so he needs to be able to rely on it." So, "he takes the first thing which comes to hand and is the largest - the Orthodox Church - not because he is Orthodox or because he cares about the Church but only because of that." An anonymous Protestant source agreed that politicians in Belarus were trying to use the Orthodox Church for political purposes. "The Orthodox Church is the basis of our faith," Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko told parliamentarians during his four-hour state of the nation address in April this year. According to the republic's 2002 religion law, the Orthodox Church plays "the defining role in the state traditions of the Belarusian people", something which government officials are obliged to take into account in their dealings with other religious organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Vyacheslav Shved
    Vyacheslav Shved Ethnic Groups, History, and Memory in Grodno As Arkadil Smolich wrote about Grodno in the Geography of Belarus (1919): 'It is one of the best and most interesting cities of Belarus, a little isle of an old western civilization which lies near the Nieman forests.'1 The settlement on the bank of Nieman appeared at the end of the tenth to the beginning of the eleventh centuries. It is mentioned for the first time in the Ipatev chronicle on 11 or 14 August 1127. Grodno (earlier Goroden, Gorodnia) was the center of Gorodnia Duchy till 1240 and was a vassal of the Grand Duke of Kiev. From then until 1795 (the third Partition of Poland) Grodno was a central district and a residence of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was considered one of the most important cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the Union of Lublin in 1596 it became a town of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. From 1795 to 1917 Grodno was the center of district and from 1802 of a province in the Russian Empire, where the provincial administration was concentrated. Grodno survived the First World War and German occupation. In 1917— 19 it was part of the Belarusian National Republic and the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). From 21-28 April 1920 there were Polish armies in Grodno. Then Soviet armies took over for five months. The Polish army returned on 25 September 1920 and after the Treaty of Riga Grodno remained part of the Polish Second Republic as a regional town of the Bialystok region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beginnings of Modern Belarus: Identity, Nation, and Politics in a European Borderland 2015 Annual London Lecture on Belarusian Studies
    115 The Journal of Belarusian Studies The Beginnings of Modern Belarus: Identity, Nation, and Politics in a European Borderland 2015 Annual London Lecture on Belarusian Studies BY PER ANDERS RUDLING* One of the reasons I became interested in Belarus was the lack of research on the country. I was intrigued by the fact that there was a European country with a popula- tion larger than my native Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics combined, larger than Austria, roughly as big as Norway and Denmark combined – on which there was very little research, and the body of literature in English consisted of a handful of books. In the past ten or so years, there has been a virtual explosion in literature on Belarus. Those of us who are working on matters Belarusian sense this increase in interest very clearly. Last semester, I was asked to teach a course on Bela- rusian history at Lund University, and this semester I was invited to teach Belarusian history at the University of Vienna. That western European universities offer courses dedicated exclusively to Belarusian history is something new. So a lot of things are happening and I feel honoured to be invited by the Ostrogorski Centre and University College London to say a few words about my recent book. I will organise this lecture as a musing on the beginnings of modern Belarusian nationalism and the first attempts at establishing Belarusian statehood. It is a complex, contradictory story, culminating in no less than six declarations of statehood between 1917 and 1920. Belarusian Nationalism Before I get started, perhaps a short disclaimer regarding terminology may be in order.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Report on Developments in Belarus October 2008 - February 2009
    MONITORING REPORT ON DEVELOPMENTS IN BELARUS OCTOBER 2008 - FEBRUARY 2009 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As the six-month EU-Belarus dialogue period draws to a close, this monitoring report has been prepared by Belarusian civil society organisations and their international partners 1 to ensure that detailed information regarding the actual situation on the ground in Belarus is available to decision makers reviewing the EU decision on suspending sanctions for Belarus. The report draws the following conclusions: • The steps taken by the Belarusian authorities during this dialogue period have been primarily cosmetic and are ultimately reversible; the process has been neither systematic nor institutionalized. While a small number of organizations have benefited, little has been done to facilitate the functioning of independent civic and media sectors in any meaningful manner. • The minor changes have not addressed the core problems facing civil society in Belarus today. On-going restrictions on human rights and fundamental freedoms continue to cause concern and demonstrate that Belarus has not yet begun a meaningful democratization process. In particular, the authorities’ repression against young political and civic activists, as well as religious minorities, continues unabated. But rather than creating more political prisoners, more subtle forms of repression, including forced military service and “restricted freedom” (house arrest) are increasingly being utilized to control civic and political activists. • While the recent steps by the Belarusian government
    [Show full text]
  • Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
    Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the first She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this field.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom.
    [Show full text]
  • The 51St Brigade
    The 51st Brigade The History of the Jewish Partisan Group from the Slonim Ghetto By Sarah Shner-Nishmit Translation of HaPlugah HaChamishim v'Achat Translated into English by Judith Levi Originally published in Hebrew by The Ghetto Fighters Museum Publication - The Israel Ministry of Defence Published by JewishGen ii The 51st Brigade An Affiliate of the Museum of Jewish Heritage - A Living Memorial to the Holocaust New York The 51st Brigade iii The 51st Brigade - The History of the Jewish Partisan Group from the Slonim Ghetto Copyright © 2015 by JewishGen, Inc. All rights reserved. First Printing: November 2015, Kislev 5776 Author: Sarah Shner-Nishmit Translator: Judith Levi Editors of the Translation: Zvi Shefet, Mike Levy Layout: Sheldon Z. Lipsky Map Production: Hila Shefet-Mashiach Image Editor: Hila Shefet-Mashiach Cover Modifications: Rachel Kolokoff Hopper Indexing: Lynn Mercer This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published by JewishGen, Inc. An Affiliate of the Museum of Jewish Heritage A Living Memorial to the Holocaust 36 Battery Place, New York, NY 10280 "JewishGen, Inc. is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and makes no representations regarding the accuracy of this translation. Digital images of the original book's contents can be seen online at the New York Public Library Web site." The mission of the JewishGen organization is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Countries Cycling Tour with Druskininkai, Grodno, Augustow, Wigry & Biebzra National Parks
    Lithuania – Belarus – Poland self-guided Three countries cycling tour with Druskininkai, Grodno, Augustow, Wigry & Biebzra National parks ITINERARY (cycling ~360 km/225 mi., by bus ~566 km), 11 days / 10 nights TOUR INFORMATION Cycling grade: We rate this trip as Moderate one. The terrain by Trakai and Suwalki Landscape Park is slightly hilly. 11 days self-guided bike tour from Vilnius to Warsaw (Code SG15) Daily biking on small asphalt roads and bicycle paths. More gravel and forest roads are in Belarus. Explore a borderland of Lithuania, Poland and Belarus which is the land of gentle hills, sandy plains, vast Arrival & departure information /Transfers primeval forests and river valleys. The tour starts in the Lithuanian capital city Vilnius and finishes in the Airports: Vilnius/Warsaw Polish capital city Warsaw. The tour also includes the Čepkeliai - Dzūkija National/PAN Park with Drus- Transfers: (price for one way up to 3 people) kininkai Resort in Lithuania, visa free Grodno region with Augustow Canal in Belarus, Masurian Lakeland From Vilnius Airport 30,- Euro with Wigry and Biebrza National Parks in Poland. Experience a wide variety of towns, villages and coun- To Warsaw Airport (Chopin/Modlin) 30,-/ 79,- Euro tryside for an excellent introduction to the very distinct characters of these different countries, especially ACCOMMODATION Belarus, which still remains a blank spot on the map for many foreigners. Now you have a chance to fill 3* middle-range hotels up this gap! This trip is a half-guided tour, i.e. during the whole trip, except Grodno Town, our driver with a minibus and bike trailer is with you and you can take part in city tours (Vilnius, Grodno, Warsaw) lead TOUR DATES 2020* by professional guides.
    [Show full text]