CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3 Expansion of Christianity Lesson 3 Expansion of Christianity

BEFORE YOU READ TERMS & NAMES In this lesson you will learn how European Christians spread • convert adopt or change to their belief systems around the world. another religion • missionary a person who AS YOU READ goes on religious missions As you read Lesson 3, use the diagram below to compare and • Peace of Westphalia the contrast Protestant and Catholic religious beliefs. List the goals 1648 agreement that ended that are different in the circle for Protestant or Catholic and the religious wars between goals that are shared in the space where the circles overlap. Catholics and Protestants and recognized the permanent

division of Western Europe 14 CHAPTER into Catholic and Protestant nations Protestantboth Catholic • covenant an agreement • federalism the sharing of power between an organization, such as a Church or a government, and its members

The Impact of Missionaries settled overseas. Most of these Protestants (pages 479–480) did not try to convert local people to their in Company What did Protestant and Catholic missionaries religion. Some Protestant missionaries did do in the 1500s? travel to distant lands with the Dutch East India Company. English Puritans organized In the 1500s the Catholic Church sent church a religious school to train missionaries and members to places in the Americas and Asia Quakers sought converts overseas. to do religious work called missions. The goal of many missions was to get people who 1. Which faith’s missionary efforts met with did not share their faith to convert, or adopt, more success and why? their religion. A person who does this work is called a missionary. In the 1500s, Catholic missionaries spread their religion around the world. These missions had great success in the Americas but less success in Asia. Responses to Christian Missions Members of the Franciscan, Dominican, (pages 480–482) and Jesuit religious orders were missionaries for the Catholic Church. The Dominicans were Why were there more Catholic missionaries than Protestant ones?

Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Miffl McDougal Littell, © by Copyright one of the fi rst groups to join Spanish and Portuguese voyages to the Americas. Catholic missionaries believed Catholicism Until the 1800s, Protestant beliefs were was open to everyone. Protestants did not seek mainly spread by European followers who to spread their beliefs in the same ways. At this time, they did not do much missionary

Chapter 14, Lesson 3 123 READING STUDY GUIDE READING STUDY GUIDE CONTINUED work. Both groups did believe that Christianity Church. By 1700 Western Europe was divided should be spread from Europe to other parts of into Catholic and Protestant groups. the world. After the Reformation religious wars The spread of Christianity from Europe between Catholics and Protestants continued was linked to European economic growth. until 1648. At that time, the Peace of Westphalia Europeans wanted greater trade with eastern ended most of the fi ghting and brought some Asia. They looked for routes to eastern Asia stability to Europe. This agreement marked that bypassed the Muslim empires. Catholic the permanent division of Western Europe into missionaries went with traders. They hoped to Catholic and Protestant countries. win new converts in Asia. France replaced Spain as the most powerful The Jesuits set up missions in India but Catholic country. Protestant countries like had little success in South Asia or Japan. Islam England, Holland, and Prussia gained power. attracted many more converts in South Asia Through trade and commerce, Protestant at this time. In Japan, the shogun, or military countries grew richer. Protestant settlers ruler, opposed Christianity. He forced Japanese brought new economic ideas to the Americas. Christians to give up their religion or be killed. Some scholars think the Reformation Catholic missionaries won more converts in helped democracy develop in Europe and the Spanish Philippines. North America. The Protestant practice of

CHAPTER 14 Catholic missionaries had their greatest church self-government may have brought success in the Americas. France claimed land greater democracy to Europe. The Puritans in North America. Portuguese explorers spread believed that God had voluntarily entered Catholicism to Brazil. By 1700 Catholic Spain into a covenant, or agreement, with them that controlled most of Central and South America. allowed them to be saved. This led to the belief Catholic missionaries there worked hard to that Christians could come together voluntarily convert Native Americans. Many did become to form a church without getting permission Catholics, but they kept many beliefs of their from Church leaders. This democratic view of native religions. Catholicism became the major Church membership led to the political belief religion in Central and South America. that ordinary people might also voluntarily in Company English colonists set up the fi rst permanent form a government. Protestant settlement in Virginia in 1607. Other Some scholars say that covenants also English Protestants settled in New England. Over infl uenced the development of federalism. all, however, Catholics controlled more land and Federalism is the sharing of power between an gained many more converts than Protestants. organization such as a Church or government and its members. This practice may have 2. Why did Catholic missionaries have more infl uenced the framers of the United States success in the Americas than in Asia? Constitution. This important document calls for power sharing between the national government and the states.

3. How did Protestant ideas infl uence Legacy of the Reformation democratic practices? (pages 482–484)

What effects did the Reformation have on Europe? a division of Houghton Miffl McDougal Littell, © by Copyright The Reformation had many long-term effects. Until the Reformation, all Christians in Western Europe belonged to the Catholic

124 Chapter 14, Lesson 3 READING STUDY GUIDE

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