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Chapter 10: the Rise of Christianity

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338-341 CO10-824133 3/26/04 7:13 PM Page 338 The Rise Nowitz/CORBIS T. 338–339 Richard of Christianity Mount of the Beatitudes on the Sea of Galilee in Israel A..D.50.50 A..D.. 400 400 A..D.750.750 A..D.. 1100 1100 A.D.30 A.D. 312 A.D.726 A.D. 1054 Jesus preaches Constantine Emperor Leo III Orthodox and in Galilee and accepts removes icons Catholic Churches Judaea Christianity from churches separate 338-341 CO10-875047 9/16/06 5:09 PM Page 339 Chapter Overview Visit Chapter Preview jat.glencoe.com for a preview While the Romans built their empire, a group called the of Chapter 10. Christians spread a new religion called Christianity. Read this chapter to find out how Christianity grew to become one of the major influences on European civilization. View the Chapter 10 video in the World History: Journey Across Time Video Program. The First Christians During the Roman Empire, Jesus of Nazareth began preaching a message of love and forgiveness. His life and teachings led to the rise of Christianity. The Christian Church The Romans at first persecuted Christians. In time, however, Christianity became the Roman Empire’s official religion. Early Christians organized the church and collected the books that became the Christian Bible. The Spread of Christian Ideas Church and government worked closely together in the Byzantine Empire. Christians founded new communities and spread their faith through Europe. Sequencing Information Make this foldable to help you sequence information about the rise of Christianity. Step 1 Fold a piece Step 2 Then fold back each half to Reading and Writing of paper from make quarter folds. As you read the chapter, top to write the important bottom. This makes an accordian events that occurred in shape. the rise of Christianity. Step 3 Unfold and label the time Step 4 Fill in R The line as shown. A.D. Jesus begins important dates 30 to preach as you read like ise of A.D. Romans those shown. 64 persecute Christians Christi A.D. Constantine’s 312 conversion anity The R Christi ise of anity A.D. Emperor 726 Leo III removes icons 339 338-341 CO10-824133 3/22/04 9:12 PM Page 340 Sequence Clues Looking for Sequence Clues When we speak, read, or write, we automatically use clues to tell us what happened when. These clues are called sequence words, and they show us the order in which events occur. Read the following passage about the spread of Christianity. Notice the highlighted sequence words or phrases. After the fall of Rome, the people of Western Europe faced confusion and conflict. As a result, people were looking for order and unity. Christianity helped to meet this need. It spread rapidly into lands that had once been part of the Roman Empire. —from page 361 When you have trouble understanding the order in which things occur, Now read the paragraph again create a rough time line and leave out the highlighted to help you keep track sequence words. Do you see how of events as you read. important they are in helping you understand what you are reading? 340 338-341 CO10-875047 9/16/06 2:52 PM Page 341 Finding Clue Words Read to Write Look at the time line Read this passage and write down any word or phrase that appears at the that helps you recognize the sequence of events. bottom of page 342. Write a paragraph that uses sequence clues to describe when these events occurred. Even with all of the hardships, Christianity spread. Over time it even began to draw people from all classes. After A.D. 250, many Romans grew tired of war and feared the end of the empire. They began to admire the faith of the Christians. —from page 354 The apostle Peter preaching Choose one section in this chapter and use sequence clues, as well as dates, to help you place events on a time line in chronological order. 341 akg-images/Orsi Battaglini 342-350 C10S1-875047 9/16/06 4:06 PM Page 342 The First Christians What’s the Connection? Meeting People You learned that the Romans ruled Jesus (JEE•zuhs) many areas of the Mediterranean. Peter In one of these areas, Judaea, a new Paul religion, Christianity, began. Building Your Vocabulary Focusing on the messiah (muh•SY•uh) • Roman rule of Judaea led some Jews disciple (dih SY puhl) to oppose Rome peacefully, while • • others rebelled. (page 343) parable (PAR•uh•buhl) resurrection • Jesus of Nazareth preached of (REH•zuh•REHK•shuhn) God’s love and forgiveness. According apostle (uh PAH suhl) to Christian scriptures, Jesus was • • crucified and rose from the dead. salvation (sal•VAY •shuhn) (page 344) • Jesus’ life and a belief in his Reading Strategy resurrection led to a new religion Summarizing Information Complete a diagram like the one below showing called Christianity. (page 348) the purposes of early Christian churches. Locating Places Jerusalem (juh•ROO•suh•luhm) Purposes of Churches Judaea (ju•DEE•uh) Nazareth (NA•zuh•ruhth) Galilee (GA•luh•LEE) A..D..1 1 A..D.50.50 A..D.. 100 100 A..D.. 150 150 A.D.30 A.D.66 A.D.132 ITALY Jesus preaches Jews in Judaea Romans force Rome ASIA MINOR in Galilee and rise up against Jews out of Judaea Rome Jerusalem JUDAEA Jerusalem 342 CHAPTER 10 The Rise of Christianity 342-350 C10S1-875047 9/16/06 4:09 PM Page 343 opposed Roman rule by closely following The Jews and the Romans Jewish traditions. Still others turned their Roman rule of Judaea led some Jews to backs on the Romans. They settled in iso- Nathan Benn/CORBIS oppose Rome peacefully, while others rebelled. lated areas and shared their belongings. Reading Focus Suppose you were separated from The Jews Rebel Some Jews believed that your home and could not easily return to it. What effect they should fight the Romans and take back might this have on you? Read to learn how the Jews were forced to leave their capital city. control of their kingdom. These people, called Zealots, convinced many Jews to take up arms against the Romans in A.D. 66. As you learned earlier, during the The rebellion was brutally crushed. The 900s B.C., two great kings, David and Romans destroyed the temple and killed Solomon, united the Israelites and created thousands of Jews. A Jewish general named the kingdom of Israel. Its capital was Josephus (joh• SEE• fuhs) fought in the war Jerusalem (juh• ROO • suh• luhm). This unity but later sided with the Romans. He wrote did not last long, however. Israel divided about the horrors of Jerusalem’s fall in his into two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. These work History of the Jewish War. small kingdoms were later taken over by The Jews rebelled again in A.D. 132 and more powerful neighbors. Israel was were again defeated. This time the Romans destroyed, and its people scattered. But the forced all Jews to leave Jerusalem and Jews, the people of Judah, survived. banned them from ever returning to the Roman Rule In 63 B.C. the Romans took city. Saddened by the loss of Jerusalem, over Judah. At first, they ruled through many Jews found new homes elsewhere. Jewish kings. Then, in A.D. 6, Emperor By A.D. 700, the Jews had set up commu- Augustus turned Judah into a Roman nities as far west as Spain and as far east as province called Judaea (ju• DEE• uh). Instead central Asia. In later centuries, they settled of a king, a Roman governor called a throughout Europe and the Americas. In procurator (PRAH• kyuh• RAY • tuhr) ruled the their scattered communities, the Jews kept new province on the emperor’s behalf. their faith alive by studying and following The Jews argued among themselves their religious laws. over what to do about the Romans. Some Explain Why did many Jews favored working with the Romans. Others leave Judaea after the A.D. 132 revolt? These ruins are of the moun- taintoptaintop JewishJewish fortressfortress atat Masada in Israel. Jewish rebels were defeated by Roman troopstroops herehere inin AA..D.. 73. 73. What were the Jewish rebels called? CHAPTER 10 The Rise of Christianity 343 342-350 C10S1-875047 9/16/06 5:11 PM Page 344 The Life of Jesus (NA• zuh• ruhth) and began preaching. From about A.D. 30 to A.D. 33, Jesus traveled Jesus of Nazareth preached of God’s throughout Judaea and Galilee (GA • luh • love and forgiveness. According to Christian scrip- LEE), the region just north of Judaea, preach- tures, Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead. ing his ideas. Crowds gathered to hear Reading Focus If you could give someone advice on him preach. He soon assembled a small how to behave, what would you tell them? Why? Read band of 12 close followers called disciples to learn how Jesus thought people should behave. (dih• SY• puhlz). During Roman times, many Jews hoped What Did Jesus Teach? According to the that God would send a messiah (muh• SY• Christian Bible, Jesus preached that God uh), or deliverer. This leader would help was coming soon to rule the world. He them win back their freedom. The Israelite urged people to turn from their sins. He prophets had long ago predicted that a also told them that it was important to love messiah would come. Many Jews expected God and to love their neighbors. In this the messiah to be a great king, like David.
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