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Caracterización Química Ye UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA TEMA: “CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA ESPECIE CARIJOA RIISEI SOBRE LAS COMUNIDADES CORALINAS DE LA RESERVA MARINA EL PELADO” AUTOR: JOFFRE ELVIS ANGULO PULGAR TUTORA: DRA. MARITZA CÁRDENAS CALLE GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR 2019 - 2020 UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE: INGENIERO QUÍMICO TEMA: “CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA ESPECIE CARIJOA RIISEI SOBRE LAS COMUNIDADES CORALINAS DE LA RESERVA MARINA EL PELADO” AUTOR: JOFFRE ELVIS ANGULO PULGAR TUTORA: DRA. MARITZA CÁRDENAS CALLE GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR 2019 - 2020 ii REPOSITARIO NACIONAL EN CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA FICHA DE REGISTRO de tesis TITULO Y SUBTITULO: Caracterización química y evaluación del impacto ambiental de la especie Carijoa riisei sobre las comunidades coralinas de la Reserva Marina El Pelado AUTOR: TUTORA: Joffre Elvis Angulo Pulgar Dra. Maritza Cárdenas Calle REVISORES: Dra. Sandra Mirella Ronquillo Castro INSTITUCIÓN: UNIVERSIDAD FACULTAD: DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA CARRERA: INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA FECHA DE PUBLICACIÓN: N. DE PÁGS: 82 ÁREAS TEMÁTICAS: Impacto Ambiental PALABRAS CLAVE: Carijoa riisei, especie invasora, arrecifes coralinos Ecuador. RESUMEN: El presente estudio fue diseñado para caracterizar la composición química de la especie invasora Carijoa riisei y evaluar el impacto ambiental sobre las comunidades coralinas en la Reserva Marina El Pelado en la provincia de Santa Elena. Así como sugerir un plan de difusión de sus efectos negativos sobre comunidades coralinas, medidas de control y mitigación para su posterior implementación por parte de las instituciones ambientales competentes y ciudadanía en general para evitar su expansión a otras áreas marino-costeras del Ecuador e Islas Galápagos y su impacto a nivel ecológico, económico y social en la comuna de Ayangue. Al final del estudio se logró determinar el porcentaje de proteínas, carbohidratos, lípidos o grasas, humedad y cenizas que permite evaluar y determinar el impacto ambiental de la especie invasora en las comunidades coralinas de la Reserva Marina El Pelado. Se recopiló toda la información levantada durante el trabajo de titulación para elaborar un plan de difusión sobre el manejo y control de especies invasoras con la finalidad de informar sobre el peligro que representan para los hábitats naturales de nuestro país. N. DE REGISTRO (en base de N. DE CLASIFICACIÓN: datos): DIRECCIÓN URL (tesis en la web): ADJUNTO URL (tesis en la web): ADJUNTO PDF: SI NO CONTACTO CON AUTOR: Teléfono:0985071693 Email:[email protected] CONTACTO EN LA Nombre: Universidad de Guayaquil INSTITUCIÓN: Teléfono: 04) 228-7072, 228-7258, 222-8695, 228-4505 E-mail: [email protected] Guayaquil, 25 agosto del 2019 iii CERTIFICACIÓN DEL TUTOR REVISOR Habiendo sido nombrada SANDRA MIRELLA RONQUILLO CASTRO, tutora del trabajo de titulación “CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA ESPECIE CARIJOA RIISEI SOBRE LAS COMUNIDADES CORALINAS DE LA RESERVA MARINA EL PELADO” certifico que el presente trabajo de titulación, elaborado por ANGULO PULGAR JOFFRE ELVIS con C.I. No. 0931323570, con mi respectiva supervisión como requerimiento parcial para la obtención del título de INGENIERO QUÍMICO, en la FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA, ha sido REVISADO Y APROBADO en todas sus partes, encontrándose apto para su sustentación. _______________________________ ING. SANDRA MIRELLA RONQUILLO CASTRO C.I. No. 0910572866 iv UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA LICENCIA GRATUITA INTRANSFERIBLE Y NO EXCLUSIVA PARA EL USO NO COMERCIAL DE LA OBRA CON FINES NO ACADÉMICOS Yo, ANGULO PULGAR JOFFRE ELVIS con C.I. No.0931323570, certifico que los contenidos desarrollados en este trabajo de titulación, cuyo título es “CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA Y EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LA ESPECIE CARIJOA RIISEI SOBRE LAS COMUNIDADES CORALINAS DE LA RESERVA MARINA EL PELADO” son de mi absoluta propiedad y responsabilidad Y SEGÚN EL Art. 114 del CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN*, autorizo el uso de una licencia gratuita intransferible y no exclusiva para el uso no comercial de la presente obra con fines no académicos, en favor de la Universidad de Guayaquil, para que haga uso del mismo, como fuera pertinente. __________________________________________ ANGULO PULGAR JOFFRE ELVIS C.I. No. 0931323570 *CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN (Registro Oficial n. 899 - Dic./2016) Artículo 114.- De los titulares de derechos de obras creadas en las instituciones de educación superior y centros educativos.- En el caso de las obras creadas en centros educativos, universidades, escuelas politécnicas, institutos superiores técnicos, tecnológicos, pedagógicos, de artes y los conservatorios superiores, e institutos públicos de investigación como resultado de su actividad académica o de investigación tales como trabajos de titulación, proyectos de investigación o innovación, artículos académicos, u otros análogos, sin perjuicio de que pueda existir relación de dependencia, la titularidad de los derechos patrimoniales corresponderá a los autores. Sin embargo, el establecimiento tendrá una licencia gratuita, intransferible y no exclusiva para el uso no comercial de la obra con fines académicos. v vi vii DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a Dios, por tener la paciencia de cuidarme a pesar de mis errores y permitirme llegar hasta este punto y conseguir uno de mis objetivos. A mi mamá Lorena y mi hermana Susana por todo su apoyo, consejos, ejemplo y fuerza para seguir adelante a pesar de cualquier dificultad que pueda encontrar en el camino, gracias por todo su apoyo, las quiero mucho. A mi tía Alicia, mi mami Mati, mi prima Estefanía y mi abuelito David que son las mejores personas que Dios pudo darme, gracias por apoyarme durante toda mi vida y durante todo este proceso. Por último quiero dedicar este trabajo de titulación a dos personas muy importantes en mi vida y que lastimosamente no pueden estar aquí compartiendo conmigo este momento y la obtención de uno de mis objetivos a mi abuelita Gladys Sampedro y a mi abuelito Guillermo Angulo, aunque ya no estén físicamente conmigo sé que allá donde se encuentran están muy orgullosos y felices, nunca olvidaré los momentos vividos, muchas gracias por todo el apoyo y el cariño brindado durante toda mi vida esto también es para ustedes. Joffre Angulo Pulgar viii AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Dios antes que, a nadie, porque de no ser por Él no hubiera logrado nada y por haberme dado como madre a la mujer más fuerte que he conocido y que ha sabido aguantar cada percance y tropiezo en su vida y a pesar de todo supo levantarse y sacarme adelante, gracias mami Lorena Pulgar te quiero mucho y no me va a alcanzar la vida para pagarte cada sacrificio que hiciste por mí. A mi abuelito David Pulgar y a mi prima Estefanía Pulgar porque, aunque nunca les pedí ayuda explícitamente, ya que no me gustaba molestarlos con mis problemas, siempre supieron brindarme su apoyo incondicional, muchas gracias de todo corazón por todo los quiero mucho. A mi tía Alicia Angulo y mi hermana Susana Angulo por saber aguantarme a pesar de lo molesto que soy y por apoyarme en los problemas que pude tener y ayudarme a llegar hasta aquí. A la Dra. Maritza Cárdenas por su apoyo, guía y enseñanzas durante todo el proceso de investigación y elaboración del trabajo de titulación. A mis amigos y hermanos del alma Bryan Burgos, Johanna Briones y Nicole De Luca por estar cuando más los necesitaba y porque siempre supieron que decir para animarme a seguir adelante, los aprecio y los quiero mucho. Joffre Angulo Pulgar ix RESUMEN En las recientes décadas ha crecido el número de invasiones biológicas en ecosistemas marino costeros en todo el mundo, invadiendo sustratos naturales y de origen antropogénico. Sin embargo, en la costa ecuatoriana ha sido poco estudiado el efecto ecológico de las invasiones marinas sobre la fauna nativa y se desconoce los mecanismos de inhibición del crecimiento de las especies invasoras. El presente estudio fue diseñado para caracterizar la composición química de la especie invasora Carijoa riisei y evaluar el impacto ambiental sobre las comunidades coralinas en la Reserva Marina El Pelado en la provincia de Santa Elena. Así como sugerir un plan de difusión de sus efectos negativos sobre comunidades coralinas, medidas de control y mitigación para su posterior implementación por parte de las instituciones ambientales competentes y ciudadanía en general para evitar su expansión a otras áreas marino-costeras del Ecuador e Islas Galápagos y su impacto a nivel ecológico, económico y social en la comuna de Ayangue. Se determinó que las especies analizadas en el bajo El Cuarenta poseen un 5,47% de proteínas; 1,52% carbohidratos; 0,48% de grasas o lípidos, 66,65% de humedad y 25,88% de cenizas, en el bajo El Acuario se obtuvo 5,28% de proteínas; 0,62% de Carbohidratos; 026% de grasas o lípidos; 69,76% de Humedad y 24,08% de Cenizas. Se determinó crecimiento de colonias de Carijoa riisei sobre esponjas, balanus y otros invertebrados sésiles pero no se reportó crecimiento sobre corales negros y pocilloporos. Se elaboró un plan de difusión sobre el manejo y control de especies invasoras para su aplicación en la Reserva Marina El Pelado. Palabras clave: Carijoa riisei, especie invasora, comunidades coralinas, Ecuador x ABSTRACT In recent decades the number of biological invasions in coastal marine ecosystems worldwide has grown, invading natural and anthropogenic substrates. However, on the Ecuadorian coast the ecological effect of marine invasions on native fauna has been little studied and the mechanisms for inhibiting the growth of invasive species are unknown. The present study was designed to characterize the chemical composition of the invasive species Carijoa riisei and assess the environmental impact on coral communities in the El Pelado Marine Reserve in the province of Santa Elena.
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