Romance Tradition in Eighteenth-Century Fiction : a Study of Smollett

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Romance Tradition in Eighteenth-Century Fiction : a Study of Smollett THE ROMANCE TRADITION IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION: A STUDY OF SMOLLETT By MICHAEL W. RAYMOND COUNCIL OF A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA FOR THE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 197^ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express heartfelt appreciation to a few of the various multitude who provided incalculable tangible and intangible assistance in bringing this quest to an ordered resolution. Professors Aubrey L. Williams and D. A. Bonneville were most generous, courteous, and dexterous in their assist- ance and encouragement. Their willing contributions in the closing stages of the journey made it less full of "toil and danger" and less "thorny and troublesome." My wife, Judith, was ever present. At once heroine, guide, and Sancho Panza, she bore my short-lived triumphs and enduring despair. She did the work, but I am most grate- ful that she came to understand what the quest meant and what it meant to me. No flights of soaring imagination or extravagant rhetoric can describe adequately my gratitude to Professor Melvyn New. He represents the objective and the signifi- cance of the quest. He always has been the complete scholar and teacher. His contributions to this work have been un- tiring and infinite. More important to me, however, has been and is Professor New's personal example. He embodies the ideal combination of scholar and teacher. Professor Melvyn New shows that the quest for this ideal can be and should be attempted and accomplished. TABLE OE CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ±±± ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION 1 NOTES 15 CHAPTER 1 15 I. The Enduring "Disease" of Romance ... 15 II. The Aesthetic Urge Toward Realism ... 41 III. The Movement from "Pattern" to "Life" 75 NOTES 96 CHAPTER II 105 I. Romance as the Design and Contexture of Plot 112 140 II. Romance as Order in Variety III. Romance as World View 178 NOTES 252 CHAPTER III 246 I. Smollett's Design and Contexture of Plot 250 II. Smollett's Order in Variety 316 III. Smollett's World View 344 NOTES 559 BIBLIOGRAPHY 363 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 377 iv Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE ROMANCE TRADITION IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION: A STUDY OF SMOLLETT By Michael W. Raymond December, 1974- Chairman: Melvyn New- Major Department: English The modern critical concern with and celebration of the development of the realistic novel unfortunately hampers an evaluation of eighteenth-century fiction on its own merits. The twentieth century's disillusionment with the values and form of romance has been allowed to shape disproportionately most critical approaches to eighteenth-century fiction into the traditional "rise of realism" formula. Through an examination of Tobias Smol- lett's fiction in particular and eighteenth-century fic- tion in general, this study suggests that the best fiction of the age was steeped in the romance, and can be under- stood best through the conventions and intentions of the romance. Chapter One demonstrates: that romance enjoyed an enduring popularity throughout the eighteenth century; that an aesthetic urge toward realism was a long-standing v critical emphasis well before the rise of the novel in the eighteenth century, and consequently question the novel and realism equation; and that the commitment of fiction the to the authentic reporting of human experience and individual apprehension of reality was not as pervasive in the eighteenth century as has been proposed. Based upon a survey of the conventions and inten- the tions of romance since the Greeks, Chapter Two defines romance tradition in eighteenth-century England in terms and. con- of plot, structure, and world view. The design texture of romance plot is characterized as: the narra- series tion of a hero's successful progression through a love; the of adventures usually motivated and rewarded by en- testing pattern of involved complications and delaying by tanglements; the movement toward satisfaction marked final fortuitious events over expansive settings; and the punished. total resolution with virtue rewarded and vice interpo- As Order in Variety, romance structure involves authorial lations, digressions, and conscious attention to The design as it imitates an idealized ordered universe. romance presents a world view that reflects a pattern of justice order, a providential design, and a providential characteristic of a coherent Christian vision. Chapter Three documents that in the fiction of inten- Tobias Smollett there is a tangible presence of the While tions and conventions of the romance tradition. vx recognizing other viable traditions, the inquiry into Fathom, Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle , Ferdinand Count suggests an Sir Launcelot Greaves , and Humphry Clinker observable trend in the use of romance conventions and intentions that indicates that Smollett emerges as part of the movement to rather than the culmination of the move- ment to the novelistic conceptions of fiction. Roderick Random seems most evenly divided in its reflection of various traditions. The picaresque and satire are significant influences in the shaping of the 174-8 work's plot and intentions. Clearly the romance tra- dition cannot be seen to dominate. It is as if Smollett had been introduced to a variety of traditions and had yet to decide his favorite. However, with the writing of Pere- Sir Launcelot grine Pickle . Ferdinand Count Fathom, and more clear-cut. Greaves , the favorite becomes more and In terms of plot, structure, and world view, the romance tradition is dominant. The only apparent lessening of its dominance is in the occasional satire and humor. Peregrine Pickle represents Smollett's most expansive use of the ro- mance tradition; Ferdinand Count Fathom represents the most explicit; and Sir Launcelot Greaves represents the most compact. With the publication of Humphry Clinker , there seems to be a shift in Smollett's use of the romance tra- dition. Interests in the comic exploitation of romance conventions, in the raw experience of life, and in the vn empirical exploration of individuals receive increasing emphasis. INTRODUCTION the In surveying critical commentary dealing with English novel, one apparently axiomatic assumption con- sistently asserts itself: the "growth," "development," is "advancement," or "evolution" of English prose fiction pass- inextricably related to the rise of realism and the pointed out, ing of romance. As John J. Richetti has content literary historians are for the most part simply "recording with a to document a critical distinction by progress kind of neo-Hegelian confidence the historical called from the factually careless and improbable fictions called romances to the mimetically sensitive stories 1 the novels." Twentieth-century critics have presented of an history of prose fiction as the ultimate victory the de- enlightened realism over reactionary romance and mode. velopment or evolution of a superior literary celebration This modern critical concern with and unfortunately of the development of the realistic novel on hampers an evaluation of eighteenth-century fiction aims now at an its own merits. Arguing that "fiction from the intensification of reality rather than an escape Leavis actual," critics such as Pelham Edgar and F. R. often find little of importance in eighteenth-century novelists other than that they anticipate the "great tradition" of those who, like Jane Austen, George Eliot, Henry James, and Joseph Conrad, were aware of the possi- 2 bilities of life. As an early Victorian novelist presenting his critical conception of the novel, William Makepeace Thack- eray reflects this restrictive approach as he summarizes nineteenth-century attitudes toward eighteenth-century fiction and suggests what was to be inherited as the early twentieth century's view. The notion that the best eight- eenth-century novelists represented a rise of realism and a reaction against romantic fiction is characteristic of Thackeray's expectation that the novel should be an his- torical record of the manners of a particular time, encom- passing all levels of society in an objective and consistent method of treatment. Thackeray asserts that "the Art of Novels is to represent Nature: to convey as strongly as possible the sentiment of reality"; hence his partiality for some eighteenth-century fiction is clearly based on what he sees as the author's disdain for the frivolous and his proportionate devotion to realism. This is particularly apparent in his use of Fielding and Smollett to call for greater social realism and objectivity and to attack the unnatural and sensationalistic Newgate and Silver Fork novels. I am sure that a man who, a hundred years hence, should sit down to write the history of our time, would do wrong to put that great contemporary history of "Pickwick" aside as a frivolous work. It contains true character under false names; and, like "Roderick Random" an inferior work, and "Tom Jones" (one that is immeasurably superior), gives us a "better idea of the state and ways of the people, than one could gather from any more pompous or authentic histories. His compliments for the previous century's realistic fic- tion contrast vividly with his castigation of contemporary novels as improbable, inaccurate, and unnatural. Thackeray believed the great accomplishment of the eighteenth-century novel was its endorsement of "reality against the romance."
Recommended publications
  • Epic and Romance Essays on Medieval Literature W
    EPIC AND ROMANCE ESSAYS ON MEDIEVAL LITERATURE W. P. KER PREFACE These essays are intended as a general description of some of the principal forms of narrative literature in the Middle Ages, and as a review of some of the more interesting works in each period. It is hardly necessary to say that the conclusion is one "in which nothing is concluded," and that whole tracts of literature have been barely touched on--the English metrical romances, the Middle High German poems, the ballads, Northern and Southern--which would require to be considered in any systematic treatment of this part of history. Many serious difficulties have been evaded (in Finnesburh, more particularly), and many things have been taken for granted, too easily. My apology must be that there seemed to be certain results available for criticism, apart from the more strict and scientific procedure which is required to solve the more difficult problems of Beowulf, or of the old Northern or the old French poetry. It is hoped that something may be gained by a less minute and exacting consideration of the whole field, and by an attempt to bring the more distant and dissociated parts of the subject into relation with one another, in one view. Some of these notes have been already used, in a course of three lectures at the Royal Institution, in March 1892, on "the Progress of Romance in the Middle Ages," and in lectures given at University College and elsewhere. The plot of the Dutch romance of Walewein was discussed in a paper submitted to the Folk-Lore Society two years ago, and published in the journal of the Society (Folk-Lore, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing the Global: the Scottish Enlightenment As Literary Practice
    Writing the Global: The Scottish Enlightenment as Literary Practice Yusuke Wakazawa PhD University of York English and Related Literature September 2018 2 Abstract This thesis presents the Scottish Enlightenment as a literary practice in which Scottish thinkers deploy diverse forms of writing---for example, philosophical treatise, essay, autobiography, letter, journal, and history---to shape their ideas and interact with readers. After the unsuccessful publication of A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), David Hume turns to write essays on moral philosophy, politics and commerce, and criticism. I argue that other representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment such as Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson, and William Robertson also display a comparable attention to the choice and use of literary forms. I read the works of the Scottish Enlightenment as texts of eighteenth-century literature rather than a context for that literature. Since I argue that literary culture is an essential component of the Scottish Enlightenment, I include James Boswell and Tobias Smollett as its members. In diverse literary forms, Scottish writers refer to geographical difference, and imagine the globe as heterogenous and interconnected. These writers do not treat geography as a distinctive field of inquiry. Instead, geographical reference is a feature of diverse scholarly genres. I suggest that literary experiments in the Scottish Enlightenment can be read as responding to the circulation of information, people, and things beyond Europe. Scottish writers are interested in the diversity of human beings, and pay attention to the process through which different groups of people in distant regions encounter each other and exchange their sentiments as well as products.
    [Show full text]
  • Évolution Du Personnage Épique Médiéval Sur L'exemple De
    Dorota Pudo Université Jagellonne de Cracovie ÉVOLUTION DU PERSONNAGE ÉPIQUE MÉDIÉVAL SUR L’EXEMPLE DE QUELQUES TEXTES CONSACRÉS À GUILLAUME D’ORANGE ET À HUON DE BORDEAUX Le moyen âge est une longue époque, et cela même si nous limitons notre champ de recherche à une partie de cette période seulement, à savoir celle qui voit la littérature en vieux français déjà en pleine floraison : le moyen âge « classique » (le XII e et le XIII e s.) et tardif (le XIV e et le XV e s.). Sur l’espace de quatre siècles, beaucoup de phénomènes littéraires ont eu le temps de naître, évoluer et disparaître dans l’oubli des époques à venir ; d’autres, en passant de leur état primitif vers des formes de plus en plus modernes et éclectiques, ont su se faire une place durable dans la culture universelle. La littérature épique de la France médiévale nous semble appartenir à cette dernière catégorie. Sa résistance au temps nous paraît considérable même si, peu intéressée aux spéculations concernant son existence pendant les « siècles muets » qui ne nous laissent pas de témoins écrits, nous bornons la portée de nos remarques à la période délimitée ci-dessus. Ce genre littéraire a subi certains changements considérables déjà au cours des XII e et XIII e s. ; au niveau formel, les laisses se sont généralement allongées avec le temps, et les procédés typiques de l’épopée de l’âge d’or (parallélismes, similarités, reprises) se sont faits moins fréquents. 1 Quant au contenu, à cause de l’assimilation de certains thèmes romanesques, l’épopée du XIIIe s.
    [Show full text]
  • Legends of the Middle Ages, Narrated with Special Reference to Literature
    CORONATION OF CHARLEMAGNE.— L^vy. Legends of the middle ages NARRATED WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LITERATURE AND ART BY AUTHOR OF "myths OF GREECE AND ROME,'' " MYTHS OF NORTHERN LANDS," "CONTES ET LEGENDES." " Saddle the Hippogriffs, ye Muses nine. And straight ua^U ride to the land ofold Romance.*' WiEI-AND. NEW YORK • : • CINCINNATI • : • CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY Copyright, 1896, by American Book Company. LEGENDS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. B—P2 <J^ DEDICATED TO MY SISTER, ADfiLE E. GUERBER, ;; ; " Men lykyn jestis for to here, And romans rede in diuers manere " Of Brute that baron bold of hond, The first conqueroure of Englond Of kyng Artour that was so riche, Was non in his tyme him Uche. " How kyng CharUs and Rowlond fawght With sarzyns nold they be cawght Of Tristrem and of Ysoude the swete, How tney with love first gan mete; " Stories of diuerce thynggis, Of pryncis, prelatis, and of kynggis Many songgis of diuers ryme, As english, frensh, and latyne." Cursor Mundi. PREFACE. THE object of this work is to familiarize young students with the legends which form the staple of mediaeval literature. While they may owe more than is apparent at first sight to the classical writings of the palmy days of Greece and Rome, these legends are very characteristic of the people who told them, and they are the best exponents of the customs, manners, and beliefs of the time to which they belong. They have been repeated in poetry and prose with endless variations, and some of our greatest modem writers have deemed them worthy of a new dress, as is seen in Tennyson's " Idyls of the King," Goethe's " Reineke Fuchs," Tegn6r's " Frithiof Saga," Wieland's " Oberon," Morris's " Story of Sigurd," and many shorter works by these and less noted writers.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing British Identity : Tobias Smollett and His Travels Through France and Italy
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2011 Constructing British identity : Tobias Smollett and his Travels through France and Italy Michael Anthony Skaggs 1987- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Skaggs, Michael Anthony 1987-, "Constructing British identity : Tobias Smollett and his Travels through France and Italy" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1336. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1336 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONSTRUCTING BRITISH IDENTITY: TOBIAS SMOLLETT AND HIS TRA VELS THROUGH FRANCE AND ITALY By Michael Anthony Skaggs B.A., Indiana University, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY August 2011 Copyright 2011 by Michael Anthony Skaggs All rights reserved I j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j J CONSTRUCTING BRITISH IDENTITY: TOBIAS SMOLLETT AND HIS TRAVELS THROUGH FRANCE AND ITALY By Michael Anthony Skaggs B.A., Indiana University, 2005 A Thesis Approved on June 13, 2011 By the following Thesis Committee: John McLeod, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of Charlemagne
    Conditions and Terms of Use Copyright © Heritage History 2009 Some rights reserved This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the promotion of the works of traditional history authors. The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, however, are the property of Heritage History and are licensed to individual users with some restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity of the work itself, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that compromised or incomplete versions of the work are not widely disseminated. In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are included at the foot of every page of text. We request all electronic and printed versions of this text include these markings and that users adhere to the following restrictions. 1) This text may be reproduced for personal or educational purposes as long as the original copyright and Heritage History version number are faithfully reproduced. 2) You may not alter this text or try to pass off all or any part of it as your own work. 3) You may not distribute copies of this text for commercial purposes unless you have the prior written consent of Heritage History.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Draft of Dissertation
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Victorian Talk: Human Media and Literary Writing in the Age of Mass Print Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kb3d4xc Author Wong, Amy Ruei Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Victorian Talk: Human Media and Literary Writing in the Age of Mass Print A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English by Amy Ruei Wong 2015 © Copyright by Amy Ruei Wong 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Victorian Talk: Human Media and Literary Writing in the Age of Mass Print by Amy Ruei Wong Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Jonathan H. Grossman, Co-Chair Professor Joseph E. Bristow, Co-Chair “Victorian Talk: Human Media and Literary Writing in the Age of Mass Print” investigates a mid- to late-Victorian interest in the literary achievements of quotidian forms of talk such as gossip, town talk, idle talk, chatter, and chitchat. I argue that such forms of talk became inseparable from the culture of mass print that had fully emerged by the 1860s. For some, such as Oscar Wilde’s mother, Lady Jane Francesca Wilde, this interdependence between everyday oral culture and “cheap literature” was “destroy[ing] beauty, grace, style, dignity, and the art of conversation,” but for many others, print’s expanded reach was also transforming talk into a far more powerful “media.” Specifically, talk seemed to take on some aspects of print’s capacity to float free from the bodies of individual speakers and endlessly reproduce across previously unimaginable expanses.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacramental Woes and Theological Anxiety in Medieval Representations of Marriage
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage Elizabeth Churchill University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Churchill, Elizabeth, "When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2229. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2229 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2229 For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage Abstract This dissertation traces the long, winding, and problematic road along which marriage became a sacrament of the Church. In so doing, it identifies several key problems with marriage’s ability to fulfill the sacramental criteria laid out in Peter Lombard’s Sentences: that a sacrament must signify a specific form of divine grace, and that it must directly bring about the grace that it signifies. While, on the basis of Ephesians 5, theologians had no problem identifying the symbolic power of marriage with the spiritual union of Christ and the Church, they never fully succeeded in locating a form of effective grace, placing immense stress upon marriage’s status as a signifier. As a result, theologians and canonists found themselves unable to deal with several social aspects of marriage that threatened this symbolic capacity, namely concubinage and the remarriage of widows and widowers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cover Design of the Penguin English Library
    The Cover Design of the Penguin English Library The Cover as a Paratext and as a Binding Factor in Canon Formation Jody Hunck S4056507 MA Thesis English Literature First reader: dr. Chris Louttit Second reader: dr. Dennis Kersten Penguin Pie by Mary Harvey Sing a song of sixpence A pocket full of dough Four and twenty Penguins Will make your business go! Since the Penguins came along The public has commenced To buy (instead of borrow) books And all for twenty cents The Lanes are in their counting house Totting up the gold While gloomy book trade prophets Announce it leaves them cold! From coast to coast the dealers Were wondering ‘if it paid’ When DOWN came the Penguins And snapped up the trade. (Quill & Quire, Toronto, May 1938) SAMENVATTING Het kaftontwerp van de Penguin English Library, een serie van honderd Engelse literaire werken gepubliceerd in 2012, heeft een bijzonder effect op de lezer. De kaft heeft twee verschillende functies. Ten eerste geeft het de lezer een idee van wat er in de kaft gevonden kan worden door het verhaal van de roman terug te laten komen in de kleur van de kaft en de gebruikte illustraties. De kaft zorgt er dus voor dat de lezer een idee krijgt van wat voor soort roman hij oppakt. Daarnaast zorgt de kaft ervoor dat de lezer de honderd boeken herkent als deel van een samenhangende serie. Deze honderd boeken zijn honderd werken waarvan uitgever Penguin vindt dat iedere fanatieke lezer ze gelezen moet hebben, maar deze romans hebben niet per se veel gemeen.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ECCENTRICS of TOBIAS SMOLLETT's NOVELS Lajor
    THE ECCENTRICS OF TOBIAS SMOLLETT'S NOVELS APPROVED» lajor Professor (d- Minor Profassor Director of the^ Department of ing'l'iah' Dean of the Graduate School THE ECCENTRICS OP TOBIAS SMOLLETT'S NOVELS THESIS O "> 1^""^ ^ Presented td""tht@ Graduate Council of the North Texas Stat® College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Qlenn E. Shookley, B. A, Denton, Texas August, 1961 TABLE OP CONTENTS Chapter Pag@ 1. SMOLLETT'S HKROSS ..... X II. SMOLLETT'S HBROINBS 20 III. SMOLLETT'S ECCENTRICS g8 General Observations The Important Sccantrlcg IV. SOUK CSS OF SMOLUSTT'SJ BCCEIJTRICS. ....... 73 ¥. CONCLUSION. ........... gg BIBLIOGRAPHY # 99 ill CHAPTER 2 SMOLLETT'S H£RGK5 fhe vitality and richness of Smollett's novels emanate not from his protagonist® or the picaresque plots contained therein but from the great variety of eooentrlos who populate the pages of the books. fhey are the .lole de vivre of Smollett's readers and prove to be both fine entertainment and objects deserving examination# Although the emphasis of this research lies In uncovering the prototypes of Smollett's eooentrlos, the method of characterization, and the author's techniques in transferring them to the pages of the novels, the analyst must consider the protagonists of the novels. Kven though these principal figures are not actually eccentrics, they are the only serviceable threads which hold together the multiple and unrelated episodes, plots, subplots, and character© in his novels. The major eccentrics are always linked with the hero and, like the hero, usually turn up in each of Smollett's novels, possessing new names but having essentially the same sets of character traits# Hence, the male protagonists are first considered here, to give the reader a useful image of Smollett's fictional milieu before they encounter the eccen- tric s • 2 Critics who class Smollett as a picaresque novelist and his "heroes" as pioaroa do 30 without defining the terms and without realizing that their use of them is quite often a® inaccurate as it is handy.
    [Show full text]
  • Pantagruel and Gargantua
    Pantagruel and Gargantua Pantagruel and Gargantua François Rabelais Translated by Andrew Brown ALMA CLASSICS alma classics an imprint of alma books ltd 3 Castle Yard Richmond Surrey TW10 6TF United Kingdom www.almaclassics.com Pantagruel first published in French in 1532 Gargantua first published in French in 1534 This translation first published by Hesperus Press Ltd in 2003 This revised version first published by Alma Classics in 2018 Translation, Introduction and Notes © Andrew Brown 2003, 2018 Cover design: nathanburtondesign.com Printed in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY isbn: 978-1-84749-740-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not be resold, lent, hired out or otherwise circulated without the express prior consent of the publisher. Contents Introduction vii Pantagruel 1 Gargantua 135 Note on the Text 301 Notes 301 Introduction On 3rd August 1546 (his birthday: he was thirty-seven years old), Étienne Dolet, the great Humanist poet, philologist, publisher and translator, having been tortured, was taken out to the Place Maubert in Paris, within sight of Notre-Dame. Here, he was strangled and burnt. Copies of his books accompanied him to the flames. His crime? Greek. More specifically, he had been found guilty of producing and publishing a translation from Plato which attributed to Socrates the heretical words “After death you will be nothing at all (plus rien du tout)”.
    [Show full text]
  • Wayland Smith : a Dissertation on a Tradition of the Middle Ages
    p. KENNEDY, ANGLESEA STREET, Tliree doors from College Green. XgamMé^f^ ^ .' WAYLAND SMITH. A DISSERTATION ON A TRADITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. FROM THE FRENCH OF G. B. DEPPING AND FRANCISQUE MICHEL. WITH ADDITIONS BY S. W. SINGER. AND THE AMPLIFIED LEGEND 13 Y OEHLENSCHLAGER. LONDON: WILLIAM PICKERING. 1847. TO MRS. KINNEAR, WHOSE TRANSLATION FROM OEHLENSCHLAGER FURNISHES THE MOST ATTRACTIVE PORTION, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY HER AFFECTIONATE FRIEND S. W. SINGER. PREFACE. The use which Sir Walter Scott made of this legend in his romance of Kenilworth, has given it universal celebrity, but, inde- pendent of this claim to our attention, it may be considered as one of the most interesting of the old Sagas of the North. The rifacci- mento of it by Adam Oehlenschlager was first written by him in Danish about the year 1800, and he afterwards re- wrote it in Ger- man, from which language the following version has been made. The dissertation appended to it will show how gradually it has been built up, and how skilfully from its fragmentary state the Danish poet has constructed a poetical tale breathing the wild spirit of his native land. A dissertation on a popular tale may at first glance appear to be a trifling thing. Nevertheless, when this tale is of remote origin ; when it has amused the people of the South and of the North, and given occupa- tion to poets, to writers of romance, and to mythologers of various ages ; when it has passed from one language and from one country to another, it is no longer an object to be despised.
    [Show full text]