1
Interreg III B Project PUSEMOR
Work package 5 « Regional Studies »
Regional intermediate report Gorenjska
January 2006
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 1 January 2006
Table of content
1 INTRODUCTION...... 3 1.1 PUSEMOR: A general overview...... 3 1.1.1 Project background...... 3 1.2 Workpackage 5 Regional studies: Goals, objectives and activities...... 3 1.2.1 Output 1: Description of methodology and activities ...... 4 1.2.2 Output 2: Description of methodology and activities ...... 5 1.2.3 Output 3: Description of methodology and activities ...... 5 2 COUNTRY: SLOVENIA ...... 7 2.1 Territorial organisation...... 7 2.2 Spatial policies...... 7 2.3 Roles and responsibilities in public services themes ...... 8 3 REGIONAL AND TEST AREAS PROFILE ...... 11 3.1 Geographical situation...... 11 3.1.1 Overview about Gorenjska test areas ...... 11 3.1.2 Topographical specifics ...... 11 3.1.3 Settlement patterns ...... 13 3.1.4 Role of major settlements...... 13 3.2 Demography and human potential...... 14 3.2.1 Overview...... 14 3.2.2 Test area Kokra valley...... 14 3.2.3 Test area Skofja Loka Mountains...... 16 3.3 Socio situation ...... 19 3.3.1 Overview...... 19 3.3.2 Test area Kokra valley...... 19 3.3.3 Test area Skofja Loka Mountains...... 20 4 THE PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE TEST AREAS: DESCRIPTION, EVALUATION, PROBLEMS, PERSPECTIVES ...... 22 4.1 Methodology...... 22 4.2 General situation for each public service themes...... 22 4.2.1 Public transport...... 22 4.2.2 Public administration: social services (social care/ health care/ elderly); police; advisory.. 23 4.2.3 Education: kindergartens and statutory primary schools; basic opportunities for professional and personal training...... 23 4.2.4 Telecommunication: telephony, Internet, TV and radio...... 24 4.2.5 Every day needs: food and non-food items; fuel; postal services ...... 24 4.3 The current difficulties/ worries ...... 27 4.3.1 Overview...... 27 4.3.2 Test area Kokra valley...... 31 4.3.3 Test are Skofja Loka Mountains ...... 37 5 BEST PRACTICES IN THE TEST AREA, THEIR SPECIFICS AND CONDITIONS FOR TRANSFERABILITY...... 50 6 CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS ...... 55
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 2 January 2006
1 Introduction
1.1 PUSEMOR: A general overview
1.1.1 Project background
In today's mobile society and economy, the provision with public services (or more precisely: with services of public interest) is a locational key factor. Topographical features and frequently low population density mean that the public services in Alpine regions generally cover only a part of their costs. Market liberalisation and other factors threaten to reduce the availability of some services even further. New supply strategies are required to improve the quality of public services while reducing costs.
The project “PUSEMOR” aims at developing sustainable strategies and innovative solutions for improving the provision of public services in sparsely populated mountain regions. This with the ambition to grade up these regions both as economic place and as place of residence.
To reach the goals, the project has both an analytical / scientific and a strategic / political dimension. The analysis aims at gathering existing knowledge from the various regions involved, combining it in a methodical way and expanding it in specific areas. The strategic dimension is concerned with the formulation of implementation- ready concepts and pilot projects to improve provision of public services in sparsely populated areas.
Consequently, the main activities of PUSEMOR are:
• Workpackage 5: Regional studies (analysing the current standard of public services and its development during the last years, analysing the key factors of economic, political/institutional and technological framework conditions, identification of good ideas and best practices to improve the provision of public services.) • Workpackage 6: Transnational comparison of the results of regional studies and common inventory of best practices. • Workpackage 7a: Elaboration and development of innovative and effective new strategies and pilot projects. • Workpackage 7b and 8: Elaboration of recommendations for several stakeholders (public authorities/ policy makers, regional and local NGOs, providers of public services, consultants in regional development etc. • Workpackage 4: Permanent publicity activities about project’s findings and results.
For more information about PUSEMOR (Partners, activities, news) see www.pusemor.net (in 5 languages)
1.2 Workpackage 5 Regional studies: Goals, objectives and activities
The Workpackage 5 "Regional studies" aims at:
• Clarifying the development and the current standard of public services in selected sparsely populated areas (1 - 3 test areas per participating region); • Identifying the needs of different user groups in these areas;
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 3 January 2006
• Providing an inventory of exemplary new strategies i.e. "best practices” to improve basic provision in sparsely populated areas drawn up, including an examination of the key factors in economic, political/institutional and technological framework crucial for the implementation for the identified best practices.
Following the objectives stated, the Workpackage 5 has resulted in regional-specific statements on three issues, presented as three Outputs:
• OUTPUT (1) actual standard of public services and its development over the last years, including basic description and conditions of respective test areas • OUTPUT (2) Assessment by the users of the range of services, • OUTPUT (3) Detailed description of exemplary new strategies in the regions (inventory of „good ideas“), including and Outline of the relevant economic, political/institutional and technological framework
This REGIONAL INTERMEDIATE REPORT (RIR) summarises findings of all three outputs for each of the total 9 regional teams 1.
The Slovenian partners (BSC Kranj together with Barbara Cernic Mali from the Urban Planning Institute) were responsible for leading of this WP (elaborating methodologies and a common, standardised instruments, assistance to the other partners in doing regional studies, first guidelines for interpretation). They were assisted by the SAB as technical lead partner of the whole project.
1.2.1 Output 1: Description of methodology and activities
The aim of the Output 1 was to present basic characteristics of the individual areas. In order to provide adequate input for subsequent workpackages (i.e. transnational comparisons for WP6 and Strategies for WP7) a unified structure of the Outpu1 reports was suggested. The slovenian partners, responsible for the technical lead of WP5 prepared a template. The template was then revised, based on discussion and comments by partners. The template included quantitative data, as well as qualitative descriptions.
The following thematic issues were treated:
• Territorial organisation, geographical situation and natural conditions within the test area / region; • Demographical situation and trends; • Economic structure and trends in general with special emphasis on agriculture and tourism (as important for sparsely populated mountain regions); • Fixed infrastructure (electricity, water, roads etc.); • First information (from existing literature) about the situation of five domains of public services (transports, public administration, education / child care, every day needs and telecommunications).
1 Italy: Regione Lombardia and GAL Appennino Genovese; Austria: Bundesland Tirol and Bundesland Kärnten; France: Region Franche-Comté; Germany: Regionalverband Südl. Oberrhein; Slovenia: Gorenjska Region; Switzerland: Suisse occidentale and Canton Ticino. Each of the regional teams defined one to four so called test areas for the studies.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 4 January 2006
1.2.2 Output 2: Description of methodology and activities
The most important part of the WP5, was the Output 2 where the PUSEMOR partners analysed the assessment of public services by the users of those sevices.
As the first step the workpackage leader prepared a short questionnaire for the partners. The partners were asked to submit their plans with regard to two questions: first on the public services which will be focal in their areas and secondly, which method they intend to use (survey, workshop; expert interviews). Partners were also asked to define the end users (e.g. youth; elderly; general etc.).
The workpackage lead partner suggested that the methodology used by individual partners is not very diverse. However, it has soon become evident that it will be very difficult to use the same methodology i.e. wide survey among users. The costs of designing the survey, sampling, doing the survey itself and processing the data were beyond the financial, as well as time capacities of some partners. Therefore, all methods i.e. survey, workshops and/or expert interviews were applied.
The workpackage leader prepared two questionnaires for evaluation of public services: -: a questionnaire for private users; -: a questionnaire for managers of small and medium enterprises.
The questionnaires were prepared in such a manner that they could be used either for face to face or phone survey, for postal survey, for workshops or for expert (=selected) interviews. 2
Regardless of methodology used, the partners were asked that the results should clearly answer four sets of questions within four basic dimensions: a) Which are the domains of problematic public services as assessed by users? (= Specification of content) b) by which end user group is the problem especially felt? (private users? enterprises, esp. SME? (= Specification of demand) c) What is the geographical "location" of problematic public services? (zones, communities within our test areasetc. = Spatial dimension) d) Has the problem of inadequate public service already reached its full dimension or is it expected to increase (or only to appear) in the near future? / Why? (links to socio-economic and other trends of regional development) (= Temporal dimension)
Despite different methodology used, the results of the assessment fulfil the stated objectives. 3
1.2.3 Output 3: Description of methodology and activities The Output 3 aimed at the identification and detailed presentation of exemplary new strategies in the regions (inventory of "best practices"). Special attention was given to identification and presentation of relevant economic, political/institutional and technological conditions.
As the first step the lead partners prepared a list of important information on individual best practices, which was to be gathered. Upon further discussion and amendments, a standardised "PUSEMOR Best Practice Form" was prepared.
2 Some parts of questionnaire were prepared in alternatives to suit mentioned different modes of survey. 3 The methodology used by individual partners is further described within the chapter on the public services in the test areas.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 5 January 2006
The form included: • Basic information on the best practice (e.g. title; area of domain/s; target group; territorial level; time frame; basic idea and aim; background; initiator; functions; provider; financial issues; contact person etc.); • Specifics (e.g. innovativeness; problems encountered; plans; feedback; evaluation; whether the provision required special institutional arrangements; changes in legislation, establishment of new local or regional body etc.); • Transferability issues (e.g. is the best practice transferable to other areas of domain in public services; is it transferable conditionally; under which conditions).
The partners fulfilled their task in a very extensive manner. By the end of October 2005, all together they have identified and presented 52 best practice cases, within the following domains of public services:
• Health and elderly care (9 examples) • Transport and telecommunication (20) • Education and Culture (12) • Every day needs (5). • Others / several domains (6) The examples of best practices were presented and discussed during the PUSEMOR meeting (Bled, Slovenia 17th and 18th October 2005).
The collection of all best practices will be available on the website www.pusemor.net and a special collection will be edited in summer 2006 after the further processing within Workpackage 6.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 6 January 2006
2 Country: Slovenia
2.1 Territorial organisation
Slovenia contains 12 statistical regions, 58 administrative units and 193 municipalities. Winthin each municipality there is one or more local communities. Slovenian teritory has 5,997 settlements. Administrative units (= upravna enota in slovene lang.) are organised for one or more municipalities, so as to assure effective administration of state government tasks which are defined by law. Municipalities (= občina in slovene lang.) are fundamental local self-government communities, which on the basis of the constitution and laws have to execute affairs of local importance and affairs which are turned over to them by laws. The territory of a municipality comprises the territory of a settlement or several settlements which are linked with common needs and interests of their population. Local community (= krajevna skupnost in slovene lang.) is a form of local self-government within a municipality, combining people living in one settlement, part of a settlement or several settlements.
Gorenjska region covers 2,137 km 2, which is 10.5 % of the Slovenia total surface, and consist of 5 administrative units and 17 municipalities. There were 5 municipalities in Gorenjska region till 1994; 14 after reorganization on October 1994 and 17 after referendums on November 1998. Formation of new municipalities required establishment of new municipal centres with provision of new services. New municipal centres generally became settlements or villages with the highest number of population and assurance of public services.
Map 1 Gorenjska - one of 12 statistical regions in Slovenia
(Source: BSC Kranj)
2.2 Spatial policies
Basic principles and objectives Spatial planning policy is based on internationally set principles of spatial planning and Slovenia’s sovereign decision on development and potentials’ protection as well as spatial values according to the principles of sustainable development. These are seen in reasonable and humane decision on assuring residence conditions in a healthy and appropriate environment as well as equal opportunities of spatial planning on the entire country’s territory.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 7 January 2006
Priority promotion of public interests in spatial planning The condition for implementing a policy of spatial planning is a legal and responsible treatment, carried out by National Administration, local self-government and all other public as well as private users. For implementing this policy, the following will have to be considered: - the principles of priority promotion of public interests, - decentralisation and efficient organisation of management, - integrating the public in spatial planning and - efficient management of space, time, energy and financial resources. In spatial planning, local, regional, national and international factors will have to be considered since they affect spatial management.
2.3 Roles and responsibilities in public services themes
Public transport
Public bus transport is operated by private bus companies that provide bus line connections. In Gorenjska’s test areas, there is 1 bus company covering mainly all destinations - ALPETOUR. Bus lines are regulated and subsidized by the Ministry of transport of the Republic of Slovenia. Exception are school buses which are subsidized from the municipal budget. Each bus schedule must be registered at the Ministry of Transport for each year. Subsidy is given per "km". In 2003 the subsidy was 16,50 SIT/km (0,70 EUR/km). In 2003-2004 Geographical Institute of Slovenia undertook research on the changes of current bus schedules and bus lines in order to fit to the new settlement and tourism development. Their recommendations have not yet been introduced by the ministry. Test areas in Gorenjska/ Slovenia are accessible only by buses, no railway.
Public administration: social services (social care / health care / elderly); police; advisory
National action plan on social inclusion 2004-2006 and Law on social care / Zakon o socialnem varstvu (Ur.l. RS 36/2004) / define services for prevention and elimination of social problems as a basic right of any citizen which shall be provided on the basis of equal accessibility and free choice of services. The following social services are considered standard: i) individual counselling, ii) support to the family (support for family; support at home; social service), iii) institutional care; iv) organised care with employment and mentorship; v) support to workers. All services are provided and funded by state except "support at home" (social care of disabled, old persons as a replacement of being institutionalised) and "social service (household works to disabled, old, injured, ill or maternity)". These services shall be subsidized by municipal budget if the service is organised by municipal regulation. Part of the service shall be paid by end users. These specialised services are usually provided by Homes for elderly people, NGOs or concession companies. Not all municipalities provide this service.
Law on health care and health insurance (9/92). Network of health centres, pharmacies and number of public/private doctors is regulated through regional health institutes and through municipal concessions. Funding of health services is secured through health insurance system while municipalities are to secure infrastructure for health care on primary level. Health care on demographically critical areas shall be secured by national funds. Police stations are key territorial organisations of the police. On local level they can organise police units or at least police offices. Each police station divides its region on "police areas" and defines responsible police officer. Not all municipal centres have their constant presence of a policeman in the territory.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 8 January 2006
Education: kindergartens and statutory primary schools; professional and personal training
Law of kindergartens / Zakon o vrtcih / stipulates the normatives for kindergartens. In rural areas there are usually "combined" groups for kids age 2-6. Such groups shall not exceed 17 children. The minimum number of groups for independent kindergarten is 2 (34 kids). In rural areas kindergartens are usually part of primary schools and the rule changes. In addition to classical kindergarten programme the law enables 3 special programmes: i) short programme (240-600 hrs/year) for kids from the age 3 not attending classical kindergarten; ii) so called "educational family" which is performed at home by teachers who are employed at the kindergarten and iii) temporary child care at home performed by teachers or other persons having required education. The letter service is 100% paid by parents and is not yet developed in Slovenia. Other kindergarten programmes are partly paid by parents (according to their income status) and partly by municipality budget. The share of parents ranges between 10 and 80% of the price of the programme. 18% of kindergartens in Slovenia are private with concession. Provision of kindergarten service falls under the municipal authority. Law on statutory primary schools stipulates 9-years of obligatory education which is funded by the state while travel costs to school and school infrastructure are due to local municipalities. If there is no possibility to secure free transport home then children are entitled to free accommodation. Normally, all rural municipalities provide free daily transport for school children age 6-15.
Law on adult education (Ur.l. RS 12/96) and Resolution on adult education in Slovenia up to 2010 emphasises increase of education level, lifelong learning, labour mobility, flexibility of skills as well as spreading the training offer in the local areas, providing network of training organisations and ensuring access to ICT for all inhabitants and in all areas including development of distance learning programmes. There is no regular funding provided for adult education except municipal funds for completing statutory primary school which is for free. All other HRD programmes are paid by the trainees or partly subsidized on the basis of annual calls for reimbursement of particular programmes or financed through projects.
Telecommunication: telephony, Internet, TV and radio
Telecommunication is governed by the Agency for post and electronic communication of the Republic of Slovenia following the provisions of the Law on electronic communications (43/2004).
Telephony is provided throughout Slovene rural areas at least as fix (Cu) lines. Broad-band access as ADSL, cables or optical cables are accessible in all municipal centres but not in all mountain rural villages. There is almost no wireless satellite users. Strategy on broad-band development in Slovenia foresees increased investments of private sector in broad band infrastructure. The main obstacle which prevents investments in broadband in rural areas is low population density and lack of resources of local municipalities to carry out such projects. Public Internet access points are found in urban areas, rarely in mountain rural areas. TV signals of national TV/radio shall be accessible to all citizens while provision of other TV channels is very limited in narrow alpine valleys with low population density. Commercial radio/ GSM signals : frequencies in alpine valleys not weakly or not accessed.
Every day needs: food and non-food items; fuel; postal services
Except provision of postal services and administration/ state offices all provision of all other daily needs is considered "commercia l": fuel, banks, grocery shops, tourist services, cinemas, bakery, hairdressers, other craft shops,... In last 5 years the process of closing down small rural shops is evident and it runs in parallel to the development of huge shopping centres in urban areas. No model of private-public partnership exists in Slovenia at the moment. In some areas "mobile shops" appeared. E-commerce is not much used among mountain population.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 9 January 2006
Slovenia has 58 administration units which implement mainly internal affairs regulation (passports, ID, population books,...). These units try to keep their local units operating at least few hours a week in order to maintain these services closer to rural people. Thus there is the tendency of closing them down due to high costs. With completition of "e-government" these will happen sooner or later. Law on post service (2004) ensures universal post services to all inhabitants irregardless of their location/ residency based on reasonable prices. Thus the law is demonopolising the current status of Poste of Slovenia and provides opportunity to offer some post services in private basis. Slovene Poste has the moeste extensive network of offices all around the country. In recent years the post offices developed a scope of additional services: exchange; postal bank; some of borse services; photocopy; selling small gifts; photography processing; etc. At present Poste is not closing down its units.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 10 January 2006
3 Regional and test areas profile
3.1 Geographical situation
3.1.1 Overview about Gorenjska test areas
There are 2 test areas (5 municipalities) from Gorenjska region involved in the PUSEMOR project: - Kokra valley in the Jezersko and Preddvor municipalities area, of which part of Jezersko and Preddvor municipalities are involved in the project - Skofja Loka Mountains in the Ziri, Zelezniki, Gorenja vas-Poljane, part of Skofja Loka and part of Kranj municipalities area, of which area of Zelezniki , Gorenja vas – Poljane and Kranj municipalities are involved in the project
Map 2 Test areas in Gorenjska region
(Source: BSC Kranj)
Kokra valley
Skofja Loka Mountains
3.1.2 Topographical specifics
Considering the natural-geographical characteristics, 70 % of Gorenjska presents the alpine area whereas only 30 % make the flat-valley part of the central Slovenia. 40 % of the region lies 1,000 meters above sea level.
Most of the Gorenjska region is covered by the Julian Alps (NW), Karavanke range (N) and Kamnik Alps (NE). A substantial part of these mountains, with their incised valleys reshaped by glaciers and rivers, rises above the tree line (around 1,800 m). Between Julian Alps and Karavanke mountain areas, the Upper Sava valley runs in a west-east direction and opens up into the Ljubljana Basin where the town of Kranj, the centre of Gorenjska, is situated.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 11 January 2006
Map 3 Topographical specifics in Gorenjska
(Source: BSC Kranj)
Kokra valley in the Kamnik Alps is 15 km long and was reshaped by Kokra river which runs in the north-south direction from Jezersko to Kranj. The valley is narrow, in some places wide enough just for the river and the road.
In the southern part of the Gorenjska region there are the Skofja Loka Pre-Alps (Skofja Loka Mountains). They comprise two valleys along the Poljanska Sora and the Selska Sora rivers, with villages, fields and meadows at the bottom and mostly forested ridges with numerous small villages and isolated farmsteads on the slopes.
Wooded areas cover 75% of Gorenjska region (Slovenia = 63%) and areas reverting to natural vegetation is constantly increasing (10% in the last decade).
Photo 1 On the slopes of Kokra valley
(Source: T. Bergant)
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 12 January 2006
3.1.3 Settlement patterns
In the Kokra valley, there are several small groups of houses in places where the valley extend, and some subsistent farms located in the altitude up to 1,000 m. Municipal center Preddvor is located at the end of the valley.
For the Skofja Loka Mountains much dispersed settlement is significant. Major villages and municipal centres (Skofja Loka, Zelezniki, Ziri, Gorenja vas) are also located in the valleys along the Selska and Poljanska Sora rivers, but there are numerous small villages (with 60 and less inhabitants) and isolated farmsteads on the slopes up to 1,200 m altitude.
Public services are concentrated in the valleys, while remote, small mountainous villages are generally without them.
Photo 2 Small picturesque village Sorica in the Skofja Loka Mountains
(Source: http://www.burger.si/Zelezniki/Sorica.htm)
3.1.4 Role of major settlements
Kranj is the centre of Gorenjska region; important industrial town and education centre. Skofja Loka is also the centre with regional importance, while other major settlements - municipal centres provides only basic public services (local administration, grocery, post, general physicians).
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 13 January 2006
3.2 Demography and human potential
3.2.1 Overview
Fig. 1 Demography in the test areas
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data are shown for the municipal level)
Criteria Test area Test area Region Slovenia Kokra valley 4 Skofja Loka Gorenjska Mountains 5 Area (km 2) 156 330 2,137 20,073
Inhabitants/ km 2 24.6 42.3 91.7 97.8
Population 2002 3,833 64,913 195,885 1,964,036
Change of population 16.19 % 10.42 % 9.28 % 3.81 % 1981 – 2002 Change of population 9.23 % 2.18 % 2.67 % 3.92 % 1991 – 2002 % of population <15 17.19 % 16.38 % 16.25 % 15.28 % (year 2002) % of population 65+ 17.64 % 13.83 % 14.26 % 14.71 % (year 2002)
3.2.2 Test area Kokra valley
Demographical trends
Data for the whole municipalities of Jezersko and Preddvor show positive demographic trends in the last 10 or 20 years, with exception of population younger than 15, which is negative in the last decade. The trend of less children and more aging people is sure to change the a ge structure in the future.
The reason for positive population trends is mainly because of growing population in urban (municipal) centres while population in remoted mountain areas (test areas) is declining. There is significant depopulation in some parts of the area – Kokra village and also Jezersko. The main reasons for depopulation are out migration and low or even negative natural growth.
4 The "Kokra valley" test area comprises the data of municipalities of Preddvor and Jezersko 5 The "Skofja Loka Mountains" test area comprises the data of municipalities Zelezniki, Gorenja vas-Poljane and Kranj. Notice: All statistical data are shown for the municipal level, except data for the size of the area and inhabitants/ km 2 , where instead of data for the whole municipality of Kranj, only data for the mountainous, north-western part of municipality (local community Podblica) are shown.
Data for local community Podblica: Size of the area: 11,7 km 2 Population: 253 (year 2002) Density of population/km 2: 21,5
Data for Kranj municipality: Size of the area: 148,0 km 2 Population: 51.225 (year 2002) Density of population/km 2: 346,1
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 14 January 2006
Fig. 2 Change of population in the test area Kokra valley, 1981 - 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data are shown for the municipal level (Preddvor, Jezersko)
Year 1981 Year 1991 Year 2002
7% 9% 14% 15% 12% 11%
77% 78% 77% Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population 65+ years Population 65+ years Population 65+ years
Education level and structure
Education structure is slightly below the regional and national average. There is 8,4 % people aged 15 and over without education (unfinished schools) (6,8 % in Gorenjska; 6,9 % in Slovenia), 53,2 % people who finished secondary school (55,1 % in Gorenjska; 54, 0 % in Slovenia) and 7,9 % people with university or higher education (8,0 % in Gorenjska; 7,9 % in Slovenia).
Household size and structure
Compared to the regional and national figures in the test area Kokra valley households have more family members. Data show that there are 19 % households (5 % more compared to regional level) with 5 or more family members.
Most households (almost 50 %) represent couple with children.
Fig. 3 Household size in the test area Kokra valley compared to Gorenjska region and national level (in %), year 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data for the test area Kokra valley are shown for the municipal level (Preddvor, Jezersko)
30,0
25,0
20,0 Kokra valley 15,0 Gorenjska National figures 10,0
5,0
0,0 1 member 2 members 3 members 4 members 5+ members
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 15 January 2006
Fig. 4 Household structure in the test area Kokra valley compared to Gorenjska region and national level in %), year 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data for the test area Kokra valley are shown for the municipal level (Preddvor, Jezersko))
60,0 50,0
40,0 Kokra valley 30,0 Gorenjska 20,0 National figures
10,0
0,0 single couple with couple single other children without parents children
Human potential
Attachment to the land and home village is significant for all rural mountain villages in the area. Perspective: improvement of traffic communication and telecommunication, tele-working, development of supplementary activities on farms (tourism…)
3.2.3 Test area Skofja Loka Mountains
Demographical trends
In the last 20 years there is positive demographic trend in the whole area of Skofja Loka Mountains, particularly in Gorenja vas – Poljane and Zelezniki municipalities, where the birth rate is among the highest in Slovenia. The main spots of growing population are urban (municipal) centers while the situation in sparsely populated rural area is different – stagnation or decreasing population is significant.
Fig. 5 Change of population in the test area Skofja Loka Mountains, 1981 - 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data are shown for the municipal level (Kranj, Gorenja vas – Poljane, Zelezniki)
Year 1981 Year 1991 Year 2002
8% 8% 12% 14% 22% 20%
70% 72% 74% Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population <15 years Population 15 - 65 years Population 65+ years Population 65+ years Population 65+ years
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 16 January 2006
Education level and structure
Education structure is on the level of regional and national average. Population without education (unfinished primary school) is fairly above the average only in Gorenja vas –Poljane municipality – the municipality with the highest rate of farmers.
Household size and structure
Household and structure structure is on the level of regional and national average. (But this is resulting of that we consider data in the municipal level.)
In the rural villages there is more households with 4 or more members than in the urban centres.
Fig. 6 Household size in the test area Skofja Loka Mountain compared to Gorenjska region and national level (in %), year 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data for the test area Skofja Loka Mountains are shown for the municipal level (Kranj, Gorenja vas – Poljane, Zelezniki)
30,0
25,0
20,0 Skofja Loka Mountains 15,0 Gorenjska National figures 10,0
5,0
0,0 1 member 2 members 3 members 4 members 5+ members
Fig. 7 Household structure in the test area Skofja Loka Mountain compared to Gorenjska region and national level (in %), year 2002
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data for the test area Skofja Loka Mountains are shown for the municipal level (Kranj, Gorenja vas – Poljane, Zelezniki)
50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 Skofja Loka Mountains 25,0 Gorenjska 20,0 National figures 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 single couple with couple single other children without parents children
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 17 January 2006
Human potential
As in the Kokra valley also in Skofja Loka Mountains attachment to the land and home village is significant for all rural mountain villages.
Perspective: improvement of traffic communication and telecommunication, tele-working, development of supplementary activities on farms (tourism…)
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 18 January 2006
3.3 Socio situation
3.3.1 Overview
Fig. 8 Socio economic situation in the test areas
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia/ Statistical data are shown for the municipal level)
Criteria Test area Test area Region Slovenia Kokra valley Skofja Loka Mountains Gorenjska Jezersko Preddvor Kranj Železniki Gor. vas - Poljane Employment by sectors sector 2002 abs. 17 60 372 125 191 2,154 32.649 - in % 6.3 4.7 1.7 4.3 6.8 2.6 4.0 - development 1981-2001 x x x x x x x - number of farms 2000 22 133 559 361 590 5,032 86,320 Secondary sector 2001 abs. 96 517 9,249 1,869 1,512 35,851 311,180 - in % 35.6 40.6 41.9 63.7 54.0 42.9 38.0 - development 1981-2001 x x x x x x x Tertiary sector 2001 abs. 144 632 11,300 815 970 40,844 421,494 - in % 53.3 49.6 51.2 27.8 34.6 48.9 51.5 - development 1981-2001 x x x x x x x Employment Persons in employment abs. 270 1,274 22,085 2,933 2,801 83,551 818,304 Persons in employment / 42.3 39.8 43.1 43.1 40.7 42.7 41.7 population 2002 (in %) Unemployment rate 2002 7.9 6.0 9.0 4.3 3.6 8.5 11.6 (in %) Inhabitants working outside 86 83 34 27 69 x x the district (in %) Tourism Overnight stays 2001 12,743 13,497 37,462 2,165 1,401 1,332,014 7,129,602 Overnight stays / inhabitants 19.1 4.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 6.8 3.6 2001 Number of tourist beds 144 221 401 53 37 12,184 49,911 (permanent beds)
x – data not available
3.3.2 Test area Kokra valley
Economic structure
The economic structure in the valley is characterised by agriculture and forestry. There are some saw- mills otherwise the economic structure is wider in the municipal centres in Jezersko and Preddvor and it is characterised by tourism, wood processing and services.
The main problem: bad telecommunications do not enable development of small companies with ICT or at least “work at home" - tele-working.
New job opportunities can be expected in the service sector and are related to the improvement of telecommunications.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 19 January 2006
Unemployment rate is below regional and national average and is decreasing. The majority of unemployed are: - people with low educational level (who are not easily retrained for new jobs in the more modern industrial branches or in the service sector) - older than 50 years of age
Commuting (within and out of the area)
Daily commuting to work is common for many inhabitants of the Kokra valley. Most of them commute to municipal centre (Preddvor) and also outside home municipalities, to regional centre Kranj, which is less than 30 minutes away.
Agriculture
Agriculture is oriented towards diary and beef cattle farming. Because of the disadvantage topographic specifics, arable land presents only 3 % of all utilised agriculture area (including forest). Forest is the main source of income, but less and less profitable. Once important alpine pastures in the high mountains have been left to stagnate for several decades, but situation is improving since 1997, when the Association of Jezersko – Solcava Sheep Breeders was found. The Jezersko – Solcava sheep is an autochthonous Slovene breed. The breeders who produce sheep in the autochthonous region wish to revitalise the autochthonous sheep production in the region of mountainous farms and on their pastures high in the mountains, with the aim to increase the number of animals and at the same time keep up the conservation of settlements in the demographically threatened areas, thus preserving the culture of Alpine landscape. Opportunities for preserving farms in the mountainous areas: organic farms and stimulation of development of supplementary activities.
Tourism
In the Kokra valley area cycling, hiking and alpine climbing attract most of the tourist. Tourists can overnight in mountain huts or tourist farms; there are also 2 hotels in Jezersko and 1 in Preddvor. All together there are 314 beds.
Main problem: congested car parks in the summer week-ends when tourists coming into the area for hiking and alpine climbing.
3.3.3 Test area Skofja Loka Mountains
Economic structure
Forestry and agriculture are the most important sectors in the mountainous parts, while industry is concentrated in the municipality centres: - electrical equipment industry (Kranj, Zelezniki, Skofja Loka) - wood processing and furniture industry (Skofja Loka, Zelezniki) - footwear industry (Ziri) - textile industry (Skofja Loka, Kranj)
The main problem: bad telecommunications do not enable development of small companies with ICT or at least “work at home" - tele-working.
New job opportunities can be expected in the service sector and are related to the improvement of telecommunications. Unemployment rate is below regional and national average and is decreasing.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 20 January 2006
The majority of unemployed are: - people with low educational level (who are not easily retrained for new jobs in the more modern industrial branches or in the service sector) - redundant workforce (especially women in textile industry) - older than 50 years of age
Commuting (within and out of the area)
People from the mountainous areas commute to work in local centres with developed industry companies (= municipality centres). High percentage of people commute also outside home municipalities (to regional centres Skofja Loka and Kranj and even outside the region (to Ljubljana), because municipalities (except Kranj and Skofja Loka) have deficit of working places.
Because of lack of working places in home municipalities people, especially young, are searching working opportunities in big centres (Skofja Loka, Kranj, Ljubljana) but often unsuccessfully, because of their high costs (travelling expenses) for employers.
Agriculture
The average farm size in Gorenjska is larger than in other parts of Slovenia, especially in the Skofja Loka Mountains where farms include large areas of forest.
Agriculture is oriented towards diary and beef cattle farming. Because of the disadvantage topographic specifics, arable land presents only 3.5 % of all utilised agriculture area (including forest). As in Kokra valley area forest is the main source of income, but less and less profitable.
Like in other mountainous parts of Gorenjska also in Skofja Loka Mountains are opportunities for preserving farms in orientation in organic farming and stimulation of development of supplementary activities.
Tourism
In Skofja Loka Mountains area are numerous thematic, cycling and mountain tracks, cultural monuments and tourist events interesting for tourist in the summer season. 4 small ski centres (Stari vrh, Soriska planina, Cerkno, Rudno) operate in the winter season. Farm tourism is also popular (especially for school groups) in this region.
The main problems: lack of accommodation facilities and unorganized tourist offer (which is improving since Local tourist organisation Blegos is operating in the region of four municipalities: Gorenja vas- Poljane, Zelezniki and Ziri. It is operating in the field of promoting and advancing of tourism and its development, with trend of the biggest possible tourist exploitation of the region).
Photo 3 Ski center Stari vrh
(Source: http://www.stc-starivrh.si/)
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 21 January 2006
4 The Public services in the test areas: Description, evaluation, problems, perspectives
4.1 Methodology
Analysis of private users and SMEs opinion is the result of the executed questionnaire prepared by the WP 5 leader (BSC Kranj/ UPIRS). BSC Kranj made: - 678 surveys with private users living in the test areas - 42 surveys with SMEs from the test areas
The results of surveys were completed and confirmed with interviews with local representatives (mayors, representatives of the municipalities and local communities) and 4 workshops with local people from the test areas (where we presented the results of the surveys and talked about the main problems concerning the public services and possibilities for development of the pilot projects). Evaluation of existing literature was also made.
4.2 General situation for each public service themes
4.2.1 Public transport
General situation in the test areas
- Test areas are accessible only by bus service - Frequency of buses is low and it is decreasing - Some destinations are connected only in the morning and afternoon hours during the working days - Main users of public transport are high school students (age 15-18) without driving licence - Almost no or little bus connections at weekends - for tourists – mountaineers - Lack of taxi or alternative mini bus service - Regional/ intercity buses serve also as local buses (local stops) - Main connections are with regional centre and capital city - No public transport organised to remote mountain farms of villages
Kokra valley
Preddvor is daily connected with buses to 5 local villages (15 lines to Baselj/Zg. Bela of which 11 in school season; 5 school lines to Sp. Bela). Jezersko bus line (20 in working days, only 1 on Sundays) connects daily Jezersko with Preddvor, regional centre Kranj and capital Ljubljana.
Skofja Loka Mountains
Zelezniki bus line (16 in working days, 5 on Saturdays, 3 on Sundays) connects daily Zelezniki with Skofja Loka. Very low frequency of buses from Zelezniki to remote villages (4 lines to Sorica of which 2 in school season, no at weekends; 2 school bus lines to Rudno and Drazgose; 2 lines in working days to Sp. Danje; no bus lines to Davca).
Gorenja vas - Poljane: bus line connects Gorenja vas with Ziri (15 lines in working days, 2 on Saturdays, 3 on Sundays) and with Skofja Loka (28 lines, of which 13 in school season).
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 22 January 2006
Villages in mountainous part of Kranj: 9 bus lines (in working days) from regional centre Kranj to Njivica/ Nemilje/ Podblica of which 6 in school season; only 2 bus lines in school season from Kranj to Jamnik.
4.2.2 Public administration: social services (social care/ health care/ elderly); police; advisory
General situation in the test areas
- Social centres are all located outside test area
- Basic legal provisions enable equal social care services for mountain rural population but subsidizing of "social home care services" lies with the rural municipalities which normally lack public funds for securing the scope and quality services in remote rural areas - Many people in rural areas are not aware of their social care rights and the existing services - There increases the demand on provision of home social care services - Health care is considered as another right for all citizens; there exists network of health centres and their ambulance (units with small number of doctors, dentists, and pharmacy) - All municipality centres have at least health centre but the doctor is not present every day; 24hrs health service is available outside the test area - Long reacting times of health service; not appropriate for summer tourist season
Kokra valley
Home for elderly people in Preddvor organises also home service. There is health unit but no pharmacy in Jezersko.
Skofja Loka Mountains
Zelezniki: social services at home are organised and subsidized by the Municipality; high costs with transport of social service around the rural area - very dispersed settlements and high need for social care services; health unit;
Gorenja vas Poljane: there is health unit and pharmacy.
Villages in mountainous part of Kranj: increasing need for social care; people willing to obtain knowledge on social care in order to help each other; home social service organised; no health unit.
4.2.3 Education: kindergartens and statutory primary schools; basic opportunities for professional and personal training
General situation in the test areas
- Kindergartens are not located in sparsely populated villages but normally in the municipal centres of the test areas, therefore kids staying at home in rural areas have not same opportunities as their "urban" counterparts in obtaining pre-school programmes - In test areas there are 6 local school units where so called "combined" lessons for 1 st /2 nd class (6- 7 age) or even 1 st -4th (6-9age) class are provided. Their existence is always at the edge although they play important social role in the rural community. - Possible new services for adult education/ training could be developed around this school units as there are no special adult education programmes existing inside the rural areas (except agriculture trainings). Each municipal centre also has a small library.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 23 January 2006
Kokra valley
Jezersko has no primary school. 1 kindergarten unit and 4 classes of primary statutary school are part of primary school Preddvor. Similar 1 st -4th class unit is located in Kokra valley where 10 children age 6- 9 alltogether are. When kids are 10 years old they take school bus (15-30 min) to main school in Preddvor. Jezersko and village Kokra have significant problems in keeping the two school units active. These two school units play an important role in the village social and cultural life.
Skofja Loka Mountains
In Zelezniki (Antonov Vrtec) and Ziri (Vrtec pri sv. Ani) there exist 2 private (managed by church) kindergartens with the concession. In Gorenja vas, a kindergarten is part of the primary school. In all areas there exist rural school units with "combined classes" 1/2; 3/4 (Podblica, Sorica ...). School unit in Podblica is weakly equipped although there exist local need for library, community centre with Internet access, fax, photocopy service...
Same situation as in Kokra valley – there is no adult trainings in villages.
4.2.4 Telecommunication: telephony, Internet, TV and radio
General situation in the test areas
- Municipal centres are connected to broadband (mainly ADSL or TV cables) while mountain rural villages have no access to broad-band. - No wire-less Internet access present yet. Almost no public internet access points in test area. This enables no serious distance learning or tele-working. - The same applies to commercial TV and radio signal. - Lack of clients prevents commercial operators to invest in the infrastructure. Public-private projects are requested but mountain municipalities lack funds. - Classical Cu fixed telephony everywhere - Mobile phones everywhere while the receipt of signal is weak in the valleys.
Kokra valley
Main problem: no broad-band and weak TV signal.
Skofja Loka Mountains
Main problem: weak GSM and TV signal; no broadband in mountain rural areas; Gorenja vas and Zelezniki centres are spreading cable TV network.
4.2.5 Every day needs: food and non-food items; fuel; postal services
General situation in the test areas
- Tendencies in closing down the existing semi-public services (post, administration offices, petrol stations...) - Local service providers operate on their financial margin financial difficulties in securing tourist information service - Lack of "cash machines" due to small number of users, banks are not interested to install them - No fax/ public Internet; fotocopy service in rural areas
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 24 January 2006
Kokra valley
Jezersko has 4 main services: petrol station which is run by private person; grocery shop, post office and administrative office. All of them are in danger of closing down due to financial inefficiency. Small private service providers (e.g. hairdresser) operating on the margin. There is no "cash machine" although tourist village (first cash-machine is 25 km away). Kokra village which extends in a valley of 15 km has no services. Both municipalities Jezersko and Preddvor have significant financial difficulties in securing tourist information service.
Skofja Loka Mountains
Provision of every day needs is concentrated in the municipal centres while remote villages have no services or only small private service providers. In Zelezniki there are 3 post offices (1 of them in mountain village Sorica), 1 petrol station, 8 grocery shops (1 of them in the mountain village Davca). There are 2 post offices in Gorenja vas (both in the valley), 1 petrol station and 3 grocery shops. Villages in mountainous part of Kranj have no services.
Fig. 9 Accessibility of public services in the test area Kokra valley
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users and SMEs, summer 2005)
Domain of public service Part of population with accessibility within 15 minutes…
on foot by public transport by car 6
Jezersko Preddvor/ Jezersko Preddvor/ Jezersko Preddvor/ Kokra Kokra Kokra Bus stop 84% 96% 0% 0% port
Trans- Railway station 0% 2% 1% 13% Local administration 0% 74% 1% 1% 73% 24% Other public administration 0% 37% 0% 0% 5% 20% Public Police station 0% 4% 0% 0% 8% 13% Administration Physicians - general 0% 55% 0% 0% 63% 15% Physician - specialists 0% 6% 0% 0% 2% 13% Hospital 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 13% Health care centre / outpatient clinic 0% 50% 0% 0% 55% 18% Health care / Health Care for Care elderly Pharmacy 0% 1% 0% 0% 75% 13% Home for the elderly 0% 1% 0% 0% 72% 15% Kindergarten / child care services 5% 74% 0% 1% 81% 24% Educational facilities - elementary 12% 73% 0% 1% 83% 24%
Culture Culture Library 0% 74% 0% 1% 73% 23% Child careChild / Education / / Education Meeting room / facilities for events 2% 73% 0% 1% 81% 24% Grocery 0% 72% 0% 1% 77% 24% day day Every needs needs Supermarket 0% 1% 0% 0% 1% 13%
6 It would be “normal” that the quota by car is higher than on foot. But obviously some mistakes or misunderstanding were made in the time of the survey. People who don’t have or don’t use car for access the bus stop (or other services) in some cases answered that they have access to certain service only on foot. But we can not just sum shares on foot and shares by car to get right results of category by car, because some of interviewed person answered on both questions positive even if they do not use car.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 25 January 2006
Post / office 0% 74% 0% 1% 78% 24% Bank / cash dispenser 0% 1% 0% 0% 78% 12% Gas station 0% 30% 78% 65% Personal services 0% 4% 0% 0% 76% 17%
Fig. 10 Accessibility of public services in the test area Skofja Loka Mountains
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users and SMEs, summer 2005)
Domain of public service Part of population with accessibility within 15 minutes… on foot by public transport by car 7
Gor. vas Zelezniki/ Kranj/ Gor. vas Zelezniki/ Kranj/ Gor. vas Zelezniki/ Kranj/ –Poljane/ –Poljane/ –Poljane/ Lucine, Sorica, Podblica Lucine, Sorica, Podblica Lucine, Sorica, Podblica Sovodenj, Davca Sovodenj, Davca Sovodenj, Davca Javorje Javorje Javorje
Bus stop 69% 49% 80% 4% 1% 1% port
Trans- Railway station 0% 1% 0% 3% 1% 53% Local administration 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 3% 36% 7% 33% Other public 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 11% 1% 34%
Public administration
Administration Police station 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 8% 1% 33% Physicians - general 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 4% 43% 8% 38% Physician - specialists 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 5% 1% 24% Hospital 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3% 2% 0% 21% Health care centre / 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 3% 29% 7% 34% outpatient clinic Health care / Health Care for Care elderly Pharmacy 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 3% 43% 8% 46% Home for the elderly 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 4% 1% 21% Kindergarten / child 26% 1% 0% 3% 0% 37% 49% 8% 36% care services Educational facilities - 48% 44% 41% 5% 0% 14% 43% 49% 39% elementary Library 23% 36% 46% 2% 0% 11% 32% 20% 38% Child careChild /
Education / Culture Culture / Education Meeting room / 42% 44% 46% 2% 0% 10% 41% 53% 40% facilities for events Grocery 58% 6% 0% 2% 0% 34% 39% 42% 50% Supermarket 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 15% 1% 42% Post / office 25% 40% 1% 4% 0% 43% 57% 22% 44% Bank / cash dispenser 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 2% 53% 8% 43%
Every needs day Gas station 1% 0% 0% 42% 8% 41% Personal services 24% 1% 0% 2% 0% 21% 50% 7% 39%
7 It would be “normal” that the quota by car is higher than on foot. But obviously some mistakes or misunderstanding were made in the time of the survey. People who don’t have or don’t use car for access the bus stop (or other services) in some cases answered that they have access to certain service only on foot. But we can not just sum shares on foot and shares by car to get right results of category by car, because some of interviewed person answered on both questions positive even if they do not use car.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 26 January 2006
4.3 The current difficulties/ worries
4.3.1 Overview
BSC Kranj team made all together 720 surveys, 678 with private users and 42 with SMEs. We did not interviewed people in the whole area of Kokra valley and Skofja Loka Mountins test areas, but we concentrated to the most remote mountainous villages / local communities 8, where at the end also the pilot project will be realized.
In the test area Kokra valley we made surveys in the: - Jezersko local community, which consist of 2 villages (Sp. Jezersko and Zg. Jezersko) - Kokra local community, which consist of 1 village (Kokra)
In the test area Skofja Loka Mountains we made surveys in the: - Podblica local community, which consist of 4 villages (Podblica, Jamnik, Njivice, Nemilje) - Sorica local community, which consist of 6 villages (Sp. Sorica, Zg. Sorica, Sp. Danje, Zg. Danje, Zabrdo, Podporezen) - Davca local community, which consist of 1 dispersed village (Davca) - Sovodenj local community, which consist of 7 villages (Hobovse pri Stari Oselici, Javorjev dol, Lanise, Nova Oselica, Podjelovo brdo, Sovodenj, Stara Oselica) - Lucine local community, which consist of 6 villages (Brebovnica, Dolge Njive, Goli vrh, Lucine, Prelesje, Zadobje) - Javorje local community, which consist of 12 villages (Cetena Ravan, Dolencice, Dolenja Zetina, Gorenja Ravan, Gorenja Zetina, Jarcje Brdo, Javorje, Krivo Brdo, Mlaka nad Luso, Murave, Podvrh, Zapreval)
Fig. 11 Summary table of surveys in the test ares
(Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia; PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Test area Municipality Local No of No of % of community population in surveys interviewed the local people community Kokra valley Jezersko Jezersko 668 82 12.3 Preddvor Kokra 266 83 31.2 Skofja Loka Kranj Podblica 253 107 42.3 Mountains Zelezniki Sorica 357 95 26.6 Davca 260 83 31.9 Gorenja vas - Sovodenj 589 89 15.1 Poljane Lucine 510 58 11.4 Javorje 601 81 13.5 Total 3,504 678 19.3
In both test areas, Kokra valley and Skofja Loka Mountains, we also made 42 surveys with SMEs , 4 in Kokra valley (all SMEs in Kokra Local community) and 38 in Skofja Loka Mountains.
8 Local community is a form of local self-government within a municipality, combining people living in one settlement, part of a settlement or several settlements. Municipality is fundamental local self-government community, which on the basis of the constitution and laws has to execute affairs of local importance and affairs which are turned over to it by laws. The territory of a municipality comprises the territory of a settlement or several settlements which are linked with common needs and interests of their population.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 27 January 2006
Fig. 12 Summary table of inteviewed SMEs
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with SMEs, summer 2005)
Test are Kokra Valley Test area Skofja Loka Mountains All test
areas Jezersko Preddvor Total Kranj Zelezniki Gor. vas- Total Poljane
No of surveys 4 0 4 4 12 22 38 42 Age of the respondents (in %) 19 to 30 years 7,1 31 to 45 years 38,1 46 to 65 years 47,6 > 65 years 7,1 Total abs. (=100 %) 42 No of employees (in %) < 5 90,5 5 - 10 4,8 11 - 20 2,4 51 - 200 2,4 Total abs. (=100 %) 42 Line of business (in %) Primary sector 28,6 Secondary sector 23,8 Tertiary sector 47,6 Total abs. (=100 %) 42 Markets (in %) > 50% international 14,3 25 – 50% international 11,9 < 25% international 73,8 Total abs. (=100 %) 42 Sex (in %) Male 69,0 Female 31,0 Total abs. (=100 %) 42
Annalisys of the surveys with SMEs in both test areas shows that:
- More than 50 % of interviewed SMEs are satisfied (satisfied and very satisfied) with accessibility to almost all services, except with accessibility to Internet and ICT networks, secondary schools and supermarkets - Concerning the quality of services, the quality of roads, freguency of bus services, quality of TV and radio signal, Internet and ICT networks are the most problematic services - The most frequently used services by SMEs are: telephony (95,2 % of SMEs use the telephon every day), TV and radio (61,9 %), Internet and ICT networks (45,2 %), grocery (19,0 %), post office (16,7 %)
The figures in the next page show the satisfaction with accessibility and quality of services by SMEs in both test areas.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 28 January 2006
Fig. 13 How satisfied are SMEs with the accessibility of the facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with SMEs (Kokra valley and Skofja Loka Mountains), summer 2005)
Bus services 7,1% 11,9% 59,5% 0,0% 21,4%
Railway services 9,5% 9,5% 7,1% 0,0% 73,8%
Local administration 7,1% 7,1% 73,8% 4,8% 7,1%
Other public administration 9,5% 11,9% 73,8% 2,4%2,4%
Police / Police station 4,8% 14,3% 64,3% 0,0% 16,7%
Kindergarten / child care services 2,4% 14,3% 35,7% 21,4% 26,2%
Primary school 2,4% 2,4% 61,9% 14,3% 19,0%
Secondary school - lower level 2,4% 26,2% 40,5% 0,0% 31,0%
Secondary school - upper level 2,4% 26,2% 40,5% 0,0% 31,0%
Opportunities for professional and personal training 9,5% 26,2% 52,4% 4,8% 7,1%
Library 2,4% 14,3% 71,4% 0,0% 11,9%
Meeting room / facilities for events 4,8% 9,5% 76,2% 4,8% 4,8%
Telephony 4,8% 9,5% 66,7% 19,0% 0,0%
TV and radio 9,5% 14,3% 64,3% 7,1% 4,8%
Internet and ICT networks 14,3% 16,7% 47,6% 0,0% 21,4%
Grocery 4,8% 7,1% 81,0% 7,1%0,0%
Supermarket 2,4% 47,6% 31,0% 2,4% 16,7%
Post / office 2,4% 9,5% 78,6% 9,5% 0,0%
Bank / cash dispenser 16,7% 16,7% 50,0% 2,4% 14,3%
Gas station 2,4% 16,7% 76,2% 4,8%0,0%
Personal services 7,1% 2,4% 73,8% 4,8% 11,9%
Totally dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Very satisfied Don’t know-not concerned
Fig. 14 How satisfied are SMEs with the quality of the facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with SMEs (Kokra valley and Skofja Loka Mountains), summer 2005)
Bus services 14,3% 35,7% 28,6% 2,4% 19,0%
Railway services 7,1% 2,4% 11,9% 0,0% 78,6%
Quality of roads 57,1% 31,0% 11,9% 0,0%
Local administration 7,1% 9,5% 76,2% 2,4% 4,8%
Other public administration 4,8% 9,5% 83,3% 2,4%0,0%
Police / Police station 4,8% 9,5% 66,7% 2,4% 16,7%
Kindergarten / child care services 0,0% 7,1% 28,6% 16,7% 47,6%
Primary school0,0% 16,7% 45,2% 7,1% 31,0%
Secondary school - lower level0,0% 14,3% 33,3% 0,0% 52,4%
Secondary school - upper level0,0% 7,1% 33,3% 2,4% 57,1%
Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,4% 7,1% 57,1% 4,8% 28,6%
Library 0,0% 16,7% 57,1% 4,8% 21,4%
Meeting room / facilities for events 2,4% 9,5% 73,8% 0,0% 14,3%
Telephony 2,4% 9,5% 73,8% 14,3% 0,0%
TV and radio 14,3% 31,0% 47,6% 2,4% 4,8%
Internet and ICT networks 4,8% 33,3% 28,6% 11,9% 21,4%
Grocery0,0% 11,9% 83,3% 4,8%0,0%
Supermarket 2,4% 7,1% 57,1% 14,3% 19,0%
Post / office 0,0%2,4% 81,0% 16,7% 0,0%
Bank / cash dispenser 4,8% 14,3% 61,9% 4,8% 14,3%
Gas station 0,0% 7,1% 83,3% 7,1% 2,4%
Personal services 0,0% 4,8% 78,6% 4,8% 11,9%
Totally dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Very satisfied Don’t know-not concerned
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 29 January 2006
Fig. 15 Summary table of inteviewed private users
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Test are Kokra Valley Test area Skofja Loka Mountains All test
areas Jezersko Preddvor Total Kranj Zelezniki Gor. vas- Total Poljane
Age of the respondents (in %) 10 to 18 years 7,3 3,6 5,5 15,0 6,2 12,7 10,9 9,6 19 to 30 years 25,6 22,9 24,2 20,6 14,6 24,1 20,1 21,1 31 to 65 years 58,5 39,8 49,1 54,2 66,9 49,6 56,5 54,7 > 65 years 8,5 33,7 21,2 10,3 12,4 13,6 12,5 14,6 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678 Household size (in %) 1 member 1,2 8,4 4,9 0,9 10,7 1,3 4,5 4,6 2 members 23,2 25,3 24,2 17,8 18,0 16,2 17,2 18,9 3 members 13,4 15,7 14,6 11,2 15,2 14,5 14,0 14,2 4 members 37,8 27,7 32,7 28,0 23,6 28,5 26,7 28,2 5 members or more 24,4 22,9 23,6 42,1 32,6 39,5 37,6 34,2 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678 Members younger than 18 (in %) 0 46,3 72,3 59,4 36,4 47,8 42,5 43,1 47,1 1 32,9 16,9 24,9 21,5 14,6 21,9 19,3 20,6 2 13,4 7,2 10,3 35,5 21,3 18,0 22,8 19,8 3 6,1 3,6 4,9 1,9 7,9 11,8 8,4 7,5 4 0,0 0,0 0,0 4,7 6,2 3,9 4,9 3,7 5 or more 1,2 0 0,6 0 2,2 1,8 1,6 1,3 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678 How many cars? (in %) 0 7,3 16,9 12,1 3,7 9,6 3,1 5,5 7,1 1 31,7 21,7 26,7 25,2 38,2 24,6 29,4 28,8 2 50,0 31,3 40,6 37,4 37,1 42,5 39,6 39,8 3 or more 11,0 30,1 20,6 33,6 15,2 29,8 25,5 24,3 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678 Present activity (in %) Employed 53,7 38,6 76 43,9 53,4 42,1 46,4 46,3 Unemployed 4,9 3,6 7 0,9 0,6 3,1 1,8 2,4 Housewife 3,7 2,4 5 7,5 4,5 3,9 4,9 4,4 Retired 18,3 43,4 51 24,3 24,2 22,4 23,4 25,2 Education 18,3 10,8 24 23,4 9,0 24,6 18,9 17,8 Other 1,2 1,2 2 0,0 8,4 3,9 4,7 3,8 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678 Sex (in %) Male 45,1 43,4 44,2 44,9 38,8 40,4 40,7 41,6 Female 54,9 56,6 55,8 55,1 61,2 59,6 59,3 58,4 Total abs. (=100 %) 82 83 165 107 178 228 513 678
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 30 January 2006
4.3.2 Test area Kokra valley
Surveys were made in the:
- Jezersko local community (within municipality of Jezersko) - Kokra local community (within municipality of Preddvor)
Conclusions / analysis of the surveys
SATISFYING DISSATISFYING Accessibility of public services (almost Quality of roads (espetially age group 19-30) all public services can be reached on Quality and accessibility of TV and radio signal foot in 15 minutes) (espetially age group 19-30) Accessibility and quality of gas station, Quality and accessibility of Internet and ICT post office, library connections (espetially age group 19-30) Accessibility of bank – there is no cash dispenser (espetially age group over 65) JEZERSKO Accessibility of pharmacy (espetially age group 19-30) People’s satisfaction with public services has generally not changed much in the last 5 years Accessibility of public services (but Quality of roads (minimum satisfactory by the only 4 public services (bus stop, age group 31-65) kindergarten, primary school, meeting Quality and accessibility of TV and radio signal room) can be reached on foot in 15 (minimum satisfactory by the age group 19-30) minutes, for others a car or the use of Quality and accessibility of Internet and ICT public transport is needed connections (minimum satisfactory with accessibility by the age group 19-30 and quality by age group over 65) KOKRA Quality and accessibility of mobile nursing and other mobile services (minimum satisfactory by the age group over 65) The quality of roads and bus services is worse now; other services have not changed much in the last 5 years
More precise results for each local community are shown in Figures in the next pages.
Results from Jezersko
Fig. 16 Jezersko - Share of interviewed persons with up to 15-minute access to services
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus stop Almost all of interviewed people in 100,0% Jezersko has up to 15-minute access Pharmacy 80,0% Physicians - general to bus stop, 70 – 75 % has access to 60,0% kindergarten, post / office, educational 40,0% 20,0% facilities - elementary and grocery. Just 1 Kindergarten / child care Bank / cash dispenser 0,0% % of interviewed people has up to 15- services minute access to bank / cash dispenser and pharmacy. Educational facilities - Post / office elementary Grocery
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 31 January 2006
Fig. 17 Jezersko - How satisfied are you with the accessibility of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,48 Railway services 1,83 Local administration 2,91 Other public administration 2,57 Police / Police station 2,69 Physicians - general 2,68 Physician - specialists 2,35 Hospital 2,47 Health care centre / outpatient clinic 2,84 Pharmacy 2,55 Mobile nursing 2,28 Other mobile services (for the elderly) 2,19 Home for the elderly 2,79 Kindergarten / child care services 3,23 Primary school C 3,07 Secondary school - lower level 2,38 Secondary school - upper level 2,49 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,36 Library 3,24 Meeting room 3,19 Telephony 3,08 TV and radio 2,09 Internet and ICT networks 2,03 Grocery 3,06 Supermarket 2,35 Post / office 3,22 Bank / cash dispenser 1,53 Gas station 3,39 Personal services (hairdresser etc) 2,06
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
Fig. 18 Jezersko - How satisfied are you with the quality of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,38 Railway services 2,16 Quality of roads 1,45 Local administration 2,67 Other public administration 2,50 Police / Police station 2,81 Physicians - general 3,13 Physician - specialists 2,81 Hospital 2,69 Health care centre 3,05 Pharmacy 2,88 Mobile nursing 2,60 Other mobile services 2,48 Home for the elderly 2,88 Kindergarten / child care services 3,18 Primary school 3,05 Secondary school - lower level 2,66 Secondary school 2,77 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,48 Library 3,24 Meeting room 3,01 Telephony 2,95 TV and radio 1,99 Internet and ICT networks 2,02 Grocery 2,87 Supermarket 2,59 Post / office 3,19 Bank / cash dispenser 1,93 Gas station 3,35 Personal services 2,16
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 32 January 2006
Fig. 19 Jezersko - Has your satisfaction with the services changed in the last five years?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 1,48 Railway services 2,07 Quality of roads 1,48 Local administration 1,97 Other public administration 1,92 Police / Police station 2,00 Physicians - general 2,38 Physician - specialists 2,04 Hospital 2,02 Health care centre 2,49 Pharmacy 2,16 Mobile nursing 2,04 Other mobile services 2,00 Home for the elderly 2,12 Kindergarten / child care services 2,32 Primary school 2,37 Secondary school - lower level 2,00 Secondary school - upper level 2,08 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,05 Library 2,70 Meeting room 2,23 Telephony 2,09 TV and radio 1,76 Internet and ICT networks 1,72 Grocery 2,16 Supermarket 2,11 Post / office 2,24 Bank / cash dispenser 1,80 Gas station 2,53 Personal services 1,90
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00
1…worse now, 2…no changes, 3…better now
Fig. 20 Jezersko - How often do you use these facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 3,80 Railway services 4,70 Local administration 3,93 Other public administration 4,24 Police / Police station 4,74 Physicians - general 3,96 Physician - specialists 4,50 Hospital 4,77 Health care centre 4,10 Pharmacy 4,22 Mobile nursing 4,94 Other mobile services 4,98 Home for the elderly 4,95 Kindergarten / child care services 4,15 Primary school 4,44 Secondary school - lower level 4,94 Secondary school - upper level 4,79 Opportunities for professional and personal training 4,48 Library 3,72 Meeting room 4,05 Telephony 1,59 TV and radio 1,23 Internet and ICT networks 3,01 Grocery 1,57 Supermarket 3,98 Post / office 2,88 Bank / cash dispenser 4,02 Gas station 3,02 Personal services 4,33
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
1…every day, 2…2-3 times per week, 3…2-3 times per month, 4…2-3 times per year, 5…never
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 33 January 2006
Fig. 21 Jezersko - Frequency of service usage by age groups
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services 5,00 service usage between age groups Personal services 4,00 Physicians - general in Jezersko are in gas station, 3,00 bank/cash dispenser and Internet 2,00 and ICT network usage. In all cases Gas station 1,00 Pharmacy usage is decreasing by increasing 0,00 age. Opportunities for Bank / cash dispenser professional and personal
training 5…never Internet and ICT networks Library 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month 2…2-3 times per week 19 to 30 years 31 to 65 years more than 65 years 1…every day
Fig. 22 Jezersko - Frequency of service usage by sex
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services Major differences in frequency of 5,00 service usage according to the sex Gas station 4,00 Pharmacy are in usage of bus services, gas 3,00 2,00 station, internet and ICT networks. 1,00 These facilities are more often used Bank / cash dispenser 0,00 Library by male.
5…never Grocery Meeting room 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month Internet and ICT networks 2…2-3 times per week Male Female 1…every day
Results from Preddvor/ Kokra local community
Fig. 23 Kokra - Share of interviewed persons with up to 15-minute access to services
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
85 % of interviewed people in Kokra Physicians - general 100,0% has up to 15-minute access to bus 80,0% stop, just 12 % has access to Bank / cash dispenser Pharmacy 60,0% educational facilities - elementary and 40,0% 5 % to kindergarten. Other facilities 20,0% Kindergarten / child care are not accessable within 15 Post / office 0,0% services minutes.
Grocery Bus stop
Educational facilities - elementary
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 34 January 2006
Fig. 24 Kokra - How satisfied are you with the accessibility of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,58 Railway services 2,36 Local administration 2,98 Other public administration 2,83 Police / Police station 2,69 Physicians - general 3,10 Physician - specialists 2,70 Hospital 2,54 Health care centre / outpatient clinic 2,96 Pharmacy 3,26 Mobile nursing 1,81 Other mobile services (for the elderly) 1,79 Home for the elderly 2,84 Kindergarten / child care services 2,85 Primary school 3,12 Secondary school - lower level 2,90 Secondary school - upper level 2,96 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,79 Library 2,83 Meeting room 2,96 Telephony 2,77 TV and radio 2,25 Internet and ICT networks 2,00 Grocery 2,58 Supermarket 2,82 Post / office 2,99 Bank / cash dispenser 2,93 Gas station 3,43 Personal services (hairdresser etc) 3,05
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
Fig. 25 Kokra - How satisfied are you with the quality of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,70 Railway services 2,76 Quality of roads 1,86 Local administration 2,77 Other public administration 2,94 Police / Police station 2,84 Physicians - general 3,46 Physician - specialists 2,96 Hospital 2,88 Health care centre 2,76 Pharmacy 3,48 Mobile nursing 2,12 Other mobile services 1,58 Home for the elderly 2,96 Kindergarten / child care services 3,04 Primary school 3,20 Secondary school - lower level 2,93 Secondary school 2,95 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,90 Library 2,83 Meeting room 2,87 Telephony 2,52 TV and radio 2,14 Internet and ICT networks 1,91 Grocery 2,94 Supermarket 2,94 Post / office 3,04 Bank / cash dispenser 2,84 Gas station 3,54 Personal services 3,06
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 35 January 2006
Fig. 26 Kokra - Has your satisfaction with the services changed in the last five years?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 1,36 Railway services 2,10 Quality of roads 1,48 Local administration 1,95 Other public administration 1,90 Police / Police station 1,72 Physicians - general 2,61 Physician - specialists 2,04 Hospital 1,95 Health care centre 1,96 Pharmacy 2,80 Mobile nursing 2,00 Other mobile services 2,00 Home for the elderly 2,64 Kindergarten / child care services 2,26 Primary school 2,52 Secondary school - lower level 2,00 Secondary school - upper level 1,95 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,09 Library 2,12 Meeting room 2,05 Telephony 1,98 TV and radio 1,95 Internet and ICT networks 1,98 Grocery 2,45 Supermarket 2,12 Post / office 2,19 Bank / cash dispenser 2,18 Gas station 2,89 Personal services 2,23
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…worse now, 2…no changes, 3…better now
Fig. 27 Kokra - How often do you use these facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 3,99 Railway services 4,69 Local administration 4,11 Other public administration 4,14 Police / Police station 4,90 Physicians - general 3,75 Physician - specialists 4,14 Hospital 4,63 Health care centre 3,83 Pharmacy 3,51 Mobile nursing 4,98 Other mobile services 5,00 Home for the elderly 4,98 Kindergarten / child care services 4,92 Primary school 4,58 Secondary school - lower level 4,89 Secondary school - upper level 4,80 Opportunities for professional and personal training 4,66 Library 4,34 Meeting room 4,20 Telephony 1,25 TV and radio 1,18 Internet and ICT networks 3,31 Grocery 2,34 Supermarket 3,35 Post / office 3,14 Bank / cash dispenser 3,28 Gas station 3,42 Personal services 3,94
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
1…every day, 2…2-3 times per week, 3…2-3 times per month, 4…2-3 times per year, 5…never
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 36 January 2006
Fig. 28 Kokra - Frequency of service usage by age groups (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Isurveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services service usage between age 5,00 groups in Kokra local community Personal services 4,00 Physicians - general are in bank/cash dispenser and 3,00 internet and ICT network usage. In 2,00 all cases usage is decreasing by Gas station 1,00 Pharmacy 0,00 increasing age.
Opportunities for Bank / cash dispenser professional and personal training 5…never Internet and ICT networks Library 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month 2…2-3 times per week 19 to 30 years 31 to 65 years more than 65 years 1…every day
Fig. 29 Kokra - Frequency of service usage by sex (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services 5,00 service usage according to the sex 4,00 in Kokra local community are in Gas station Pharmacy 3,00 usage of bus services, gas station 2,00 and library. Bus services and 1,00 library are more often used by Bank / cash dispenser 0,00 Library female, while gas station is more often used by male.
5…never Grocery Meeting room 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month Internet and ICT networks 2…2-3 times per week Male Female 1…every day
4.3.3 Test are Skofja Loka Mountains
Surveys were made in the:
- Podblica local community (within municipality of Kranj) - Sorica and Davca local communities (within municipality of Zelezniki) - Javorje, Sovodenj and Lucine local communities (within municipality of Gorenja vas - Poljane)
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 37 January 2006
Conclusions / analysis of the surveys
SATISFYING DISSATISFYING General satisfactory with the accessibility Accessibility and quality of bus services of public services (minimum satisfactory with accessibility by Accessibility of library the age group 19-30 and quality by the age group 31-65) Accessibility of meeting room Accessibility of physicians – specialists Accessibility and quality of childcare (espetially age group 19-30) service Quality and accessibility of Internet and ICT Accessibility of primary school connections Opportunities for personal training Quality of TV and radio signal (espetially age group 19-30) Accessibility of bank – there is no cash
PODBLICA dispenser (espetially age group over 65) Accessibility of grocery (espetially age group over 65) Quality of post office (espetially age group 19-30) There is little or no changes in quality and accessibility of services in the last five years; but bus services, quality of roads and accessibility to the grocery is worse now, while people are more satisfied with library and primary school services, telephony and ITC networks Many people cannot reach public services Quality of roads in 15 minutes, neither by car nor by public Quality and accessibility of bus services transport. However, people (old more than (minimum satisfactory with accessibility by others) are generally satisfied with public the age group 19-30) services Quality and accessibility of TV and radio Young people are very satisfied with the signal meeting room Quality and accessibility of Internet and ICT
SORICA, DAVCA connections Bus services, quality of roads, grocery accessibility – much worse compared to 5 years ago General satisfactory with the accessibility Quality of roads of public services Quality and accessibility of bus services Accessibility and quality of the child care (minimum satisfactory with quality by the
services and primary school age group 19-30) Accessibility of the meeting room Quality and accessibility of TV and radio Accessibility of grocery signal Quality and accessibility of Internet and ICT JAVORJE connections (minimum satisfactory by the age group 19-30)
SOVODENJ,LUCINE, Quality of roads, bus services and accessibility of primary school is worse now, other services have not changed much in the last 5 years
More precise results for each local community are shown in Figures in the next pages.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 38 January 2006
Results from Kranj/ Podblica local community
Fig. 30 Podblica - Share of interviewed persons with up to 15-minute access to services (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
80 % of interviewed people in Physicians - general Podblica local community has up to 100,0% 15-minute access to bus stop and 80,0% Bank / cash dispenser Pharmacy the half less (41 %) to educational 60,0% facilities - elementary . 40,0% 20,0% Library, meeting room and post Kindergarten / child care Grocery 0,0% office is also accesible in 15 services minutes (but not shown in the figure 29). Educational facilities - Post / office elementary
Bus stop
Fig. 31 Podblica - How satisfied are you with the accessibility of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,34 Railway services 2,77 Local administration 2,67 Other public administration 2,72 Police / Police station 2,82 Physicians - general 2,76 Physician - specialists 2,57 Hospital 2,71 Health care centre / outpatient clinic 2,77 Pharmacy 2,99 Mobile nursing 2,82 Other mobile services (for the elderly) 2,63 Home for the elderly 2,43 Kindergarten / child care services 2,88 Primary school 3,08 Secondary school - lower level 2,87 Secondary school - upper level 2,94 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,72 Library 3,21 Meeting room 3,16 Telephony 2,98 TV and radio 2,95 Internet and ICT networks 2,71 Grocery 2,68 Supermarket 2,96 Post / office 2,89 Bank / cash dispenser 2,65 Gas station 2,91 Personal services (hairdresser etc) 2,87
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 39 January 2006
Fig. 32 Podblica - How satisfied are you with the quality of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 2,27 Railway services 2,71 Quality of roads 2,27 Local administration 2,71 Other public administration 2,71 Police / Police station 2,82 Physicians - general 2,97 Physician - specialists 2,79 Hospital 2,79 Health care centre 2,89 Pharmacy 3,04 Mobile nursing 2,93 Other mobile services 2,75 Home for the elderly 2,72 Kindergarten / child care services 2,97 Primary school 3,08 Secondary school - lower level 2,94 Secondary school 2,98 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,83 Library 3,16 Meeting room 3,04 Telephony 2,89 TV and radio 2,79 Internet and ICT networks 2,53 Grocery 2,71 Supermarket 3,02 Post / office 2,98 Bank / cash dispenser 2,73 Gas station 2,95 Personal services 3,01
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
Fig. 33 Podblica - Has your satisfaction with the services changed in the last five years?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 1,50 Railway services 2,02 Quality of roads 1,70 Local administration 2,01 Other public administration 1,99 Police / Police station 1,96 Physicians - general 2,08 Physician - specialists 2,03 Hospital 2,01 Health care centre 2,08 Pharmacy 2,16 Mobile nursing 2,26 Other mobile services 1,93 Home for the elderly 1,89 Kindergarten / child care services 2,28 Primary school 2,29 Secondary school - lower level 2,23 Secondary school - upper level 2,25 Opportunities for professional and personal training 2,21 Library 2,42 Meeting room 2,02 Telephony 2,31 TV and radio 2,07 Internet and ICT networks 2,34 Grocery 1,99 Supermarket 2,38 Post / office 2,03 Bank / cash dispenser 2,08 Gas station 2,04 Personal services 2,11
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00
1…worse now, 2…no changes, 3…better now
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 40 January 2006
Fig. 34 Podblica - How often do you use these facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services 3,56 Railway services 4,70 Local administration 3,93 Other public administration 3,93 Police / Police station 4,79 Physicians - general 3,82 Physician - specialists 4,31 Hospital 4,60 Health care centre 4,08 Pharmacy 3,82 Mobile nursing 4,92 Other mobile services 5,00 Home for the elderly 5,00 Kindergarten / child care services 4,73 Primary school 4,51 Secondary school - lower level 4,73 Secondary school - upper level 4,63 Opportunities for professional and personal training 4,74 Library 3,99 Meeting room 3,86 Telephony 1,12 TV and radio 1,04 Internet and ICT networks 3,47 Grocery 2,54 Supermarket 2,76 Post / office 3,18 Bank / cash dispenser 3,61 Gas station 3,34 Personal services 3,82
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
1…every day, 2…2-3 times per week, 3…2-3 times per month, 4…2-3 times per year, 5…never
Fig. 35 Podblica - Frequency of service usage by age groups (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services service usage between age 5,00 groups in Podblica local Personal services 4,00 Physicians - general 3,00 community are in internet and ICT 2,00 network and library usage. In all Gas station 1,00 Pharmacy cases usage is decreasing by 0,00 increasing age. Opportunities for Bank / cash dispenser professional and personal training Internet and ICT networks Library 5…never 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month 2…2-3 times per week 19 to 30 years 31 to 65 years more than 65 years 1…every day
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 41 January 2006
Fig. 36 Podblica - Frequency of service usage by sex (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services 5,00 service usage according to the sex 4,00 in Podblica local community are in Gas station Pharmacy 3,00 usage of gas station which is more 2,00 often used by male. 1,00 Bank / cash dispenser 0,00 Library
5…never Grocery Meeting room 4…2-3 times per year 3…2-3 times per month Internet and ICT networks 2…2-3 times per week Male Female 1…every day
Results from Zelezniki/ Sorica and Davca local communities
Fig. 37 Sorica, Davca - Share of interviewed persons with up to 15-minute access to services (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Almost 50 % of interviewed people Physicians - general in Železniki (Sorica, Davca) has up 50,0% to 15-minute access to bus stop, 40,0% Bank / cash dispenser Pharmacy 40% to e ducational facilities - 30,0% 20,0% elementary school and post office, to 10,0% grocery 6 % and to kindergarten / child Kindergarten / child care Bus stop 0,0% care services less than 1 % . services
Educational facilities - Post / office elementary
Grocery
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 42 January 2006
Fig. 38 Sorica, Davca - How satisfied are you with the accessibility of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 2,47 Railway serv ices 2,08 Local administration 2,97 Other public administration 2,90 Police / Police station 2,96 Phy sicians - general 3,03 Phy sician - specialists 2,74 Hospital 2,49 Health care centre / outpatient clinic 2,97 Pharmacy 3,02 Mobile nursing 3,03 Other mobile serv ices (f or the elderly ) 3,09 Home f or the elderly 2,96 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 2,98 Primary school 3,06 Secondary school - lower lev el 2,69 Secondary school - upper lev el 2,58 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,81 Library 2,87 Meeting room 3,15 Telephony 3,07 TV and radio 2,83 Internet and ICT networks 2,42 Grocery 2,31 Supermarket 2,56 Post / of f ice 3,07 Bank / cash dispenser 2,86 Gas station 2,95 Personal serv ices (hairdresser etc) 2,98
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
Fig. 39 Sorica, Davca - How satisfied are you with the quality of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 2,13 Railway serv ices 2,39 Quality of roads 1,30 Local administration 2,91 Other public administration 2,96 Police / Police station 2,92 Phy sicians - general 3,03 Phy sician - specialists 2,99 Hospital 2,95 Health care centre 3,01 Pharmacy 3,03 Mobile nursing 2,98 Other mobile serv ices 2,88 Home f or the elderly 2,92 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 3,09 Primary school 2,94 Secondary school - lower lev el 2,93 Secondary school 2,98 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,95 Library 2,93 Meeting room 3,10 Telephony 2,88 TV and radio 2,57 Internet and ICT networks 2,36 Grocery 2,78 Supermarket 2,80 Post / of f ice 3,09 Bank / cash dispenser 2,88 Gas station 3,01 Personal serv ices 3,04
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 43 January 2006
Fig. 40 Sorica, Davca - Has your satisfaction with the services changed in the last five years?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 1,47 Railway serv ices 1,99 Quality of roads 1,12 Local administration 2,00 Other public administration 2,03 Police / Police station 2,01 Phy sicians - general 2,05 Phy sician - specialists 2,02 Hospital 2,03 Health care centre 2,07 Pharmacy 2,10 Mobile nursing 2,02 Other mobile serv ices 2,07 Home f or the elderly 2,06 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 2,13 Primary school 2,04 Secondary school - lower lev el 2,04 Secondary school - upper lev el 2,05 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,15 Library 2,06 Meeting room 2,21 Telephony 2,10 TV and radio 1,99 Internet and ICT networks 2,06 Grocery 1,66 Supermarket 2,02 Post / of f ice 2,18 Bank / cash dispenser 2,05 Gas station 2,04 Personal serv ices 2,06
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50
1…worse now, 2…no changes, 3…better now
Fig. 41 Sorica, Davca - How often do you use these facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 4,29 Railway serv ices 4,83 Local administration 4,06 Other public administration 4,08 Police / Police station 4,93 Phy sicians - general 3,89 Phy sician - specialists 4,35 Hospital 4,61 Health care centre 3,96 Pharmacy 3,65 Mobile nursing 4,86 Other mobile serv ices 4,99 Home f or the elderly 4,99 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 4,58 Primary school 4,20 Secondary school - lower lev el 4,61 Secondary school - upper lev el 4,63 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 4,75 Library 4,43 Meeting room 4,10 Telephony 1,07 TV and radio 1,08 Internet and ICT networks 3,48 Grocery 1,99 Supermarket 3,72 Post / of f ice 2,43 Bank / cash dispenser 3,44 Gas station 3,26 Personal serv ices 3,97
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
1…every day, 2…2-3 times per week, 3…2-3 times per month, 4…2-3 times per year, 5…never
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 44 January 2006
Fig. 42 Sorica, Davca - Frequency of service usage by age groups (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services Major differences in frequency of 5,00 service usage between age groups Personal services 4,00 Physicians - general in Železniki (Sorica, Davca) are in 3,00 bank / cash dispenser and internet 2,00 and ICT network usage. In all cases Gas station 1,00 Pharmacy is usage decreasing by increasing 0,00 age. Opportunities for
Bank / cash dispenser professional and personal training 5…never Internet and ICT Library 4…2-3 times per year netw orks 3…2-3 times per month 2…2-3 times per week 19 to 30 years 31 to 65 years more than 65 years 1…every day
Fig. 43 Sorica, Davca - Frequency of service usage by sex (Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services 5,00 service usage according to the sex are in usage of gas station, Internet Gas station 4,00 Pharmacy 3,00 and ICT networks which is more 2,00 often used by male. 1,00 0,00 Bank / cash dispenser Library
Grocery Meeting room 5…never 4…2-3 times per year Internet and ICT 3…2-3 times per month 2…2-3 times per week netw orks Male Female 1…every day
Results from Gorenja vas Poljane/ Lucine, Sovodenj and Javorje local communities
Fig. 44 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - Share of interviewed persons with up to 15-minute access to services
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Almost 70 % of interviewed persons Physicians - general 80,0% in Gorenja vas - Poljane has up to 15-minute access to bus stop, 58 % Bank / cash dispenser 60,0% Pharmacy to grocery, almost 50 % to 40,0% elementary school and around 25 % to 20,0% kindergarten / child care services and Kindergarten / child care Post / office 0,0% services post / office . Other facilities are not accessible within 15 minutes.
Educational facilities - Bus stop elementary
Grocery
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 45 January 2006
Fig. 45 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - How satisfied are you with the accessibility of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 2,63 Railway serv ices 2,11 Local administration 2,87 Other public administration 2,80 Police / Police station 2,85 Phy sicians - general 2,85 Phy sician - specialists 2,47 Hospital 2,44 Health care centre / outpatient clinic 2,81 Pharmacy 2,81 Mobile nursing 2,77 Other mobile serv ices (f or the elderly ) 2,57 Home f or the elderly 2,50 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 3,04 Primary school 3,07 Secondary school - lower lev el 2,64 Secondary school - upper lev el 2,63 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,60 Library 2,79 Meeting room 3,00 Telephony 3,00 TV and radio 2,79 Internet and ICT networks 2,66 Grocery 3,06 Supermarket 2,40 Post / of f ice 3,01 Bank / cash dispenser 2,39 Gas station 2,84 Personal serv ices (hairdresser etc) 2,97
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
Fig. 46 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - How satisfied are you with the quality of the following services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 1,96 Railway serv ices 2,29 Quality of roads 1,94 Local administration 2,76 Other public administration 2,89 Police / Police station 2,84 Phy sicians - general 3,07 Phy sician - specialists 2,88 Hospital 2,83 Health care centre 2,96 Pharmacy 3,10 Mobile nursing 2,83 Other mobile serv ices 2,65 Home f or the elderly 2,82 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 3,18 Primary school 2,89 Secondary school - lower lev el 2,94 Secondary school 2,95 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,78 Library 2,86 Meeting room 3,01 Telephony 2,90 TV and radio 2,35 Internet and ICT networks 2,67 Grocery 2,80 Supermarket 2,97 Post / of f ice 3,06 Bank / cash dispenser 2,85 Gas station 3,00 Personal serv ices 3,00
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
1…totally dissatisfied, 2…dissatisfied, 3…satisfied, 4…very satisfied
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 46 January 2006
Fig. 47 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - Has your satisfaction with the services changed in the last five years?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 1,32 Railway serv ices 1,97 Quality of roads 1,83 Local administration 2,08 Other public administration 2,08 Police / Police station 1,99 Phy sicians - general 2,32 Phy sician - specialists 2,02 Hospital 2,02 Health care centre 2,09 Pharmacy 2,16 Mobile nursing 2,07 Other mobile serv ices 1,99 Home f or the elderly 2,04 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 2,42 Primary school 1,99 Secondary school - lower lev el 1,94 Secondary school - upper lev el 1,98 Opportunities f or prof essional and personal training 2,18 Library 2,04 Meeting room 2,16 Telephony 2,33 TV and radio 1,97 Internet and ICT networks 2,43 Grocery 2,13 Supermarket 2,33 Post / of f ice 2,24 Bank / cash dispenser 2,24 Gas station 2,08 Personal serv ices 2,10
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00
1…worse now, 2…no changes, 3…better now
Fig. 48 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - How often do you use these facilities / services?
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus serv ices 4,11 Railway serv ices 4,78 Local administration 4,21 Other public administration 4,12 Police / Police station 4,84 Phy sicians - general 3,85 Phy sician - specialists 4,32 Hospital 4,72 Health care centre 4,16 Pharmacy 3,66 Mobile nursing 4,90 Other mobile serv ices 4,96 Home f or the elderly 4,94 Kindergarten / child care serv ices 4,69 Primary school 4,39 Secondary school - lower lev el 4,69 Secondary school - upper lev el 4,67 Opportunities for prof essional and personal training 4,45 Library 4,12 Meeting room 4,01 Telephony 1,26 TV and radio 1,13 Internet and ICT networks 3,04 Grocery 2,18 Supermarket 3,28 Post / of f ice 2,98 Bank / cash dispenser 3,42 Gas station 3,33 Personal serv ices 3,82
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00
1…every day, 2…2-3 times per week, 3…2-3 times per month, 4…2-3 times per year, 5…never
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 47 January 2006
Fig. 49 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - Frequency of service usage by age groups
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Major differences in frequency of Bus services service usage between age groups 5,00 in Gorenja vas - Poljane are in bank Personal services 4,00 Physicians - general / cash dispenser and internet and 3,00 ICT network usage. In all cases 2,00 usage is decreasing by increasing 1,00 Gas station Pharmacy age. 0,00
Opportunities for Bank / cash dispenser professional and personal training Internet and ICT Library netw orks
19 to 30 years 31 to 65 years more than 65 years
Fig. 50 Lucine, Sovodenj, Javorje - Frequency of service usage by sex
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Surveys with private users, summer 2005)
Bus services Major differences in frequency of 5,00 service usage according to the sex Gas station 4,00 Pharmacy are in usage of gas station which is 3,00 more often used by male. Almost no 2,00 differences according to sex are in 1,00 usage of bus services, library and Bank / cash dispenser 0,00 Library meting room.
Grocery Meeting room
Internet and ICT networks Male Female
Analysis for both test areas shows that:
- People are most dissatisfied with the quality of roads. Bus connections should be more frequent. It is not actually a problem for those who have a driving licence and a car, but especially the young and the old feel the lack of public transport.
- In general, people are satisfied with public administration (local administration, police …). As far as health care is considered, people complain about mobile nursing and homes for the elderly (which are usually not located near villages). Many old people expressed their wish to have somebody who would take care of them daily or weekly. That seems to be a big problem in all remote villages.
- In many areas, there is a lack of childcare services. Kindergartens are situated far from mountainous villages and this represents a problem for a number of parents. Many have also expressed their wishes for a playground and a kind of meeting room / place. As far as primary school goes, people are satisfied.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 48 January 2006
- According to the survey, people from the test areas are totally dissatisfied with telecommunication services. TV and radio signals are very bad as well as mobile signal. There are very frequent malfunctions in telephone systems and people have to wait for a long time to get it fixed. Especially young people feel the lack of quick Internet access (ADSL).
- According to the survey, people are generally satisfied with public services for everyday needs. However, a vast majority complains about the lack of bank or at least cash dispenser there. Post offices are often far from villages, which represents a problem especially for old people.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 49 January 2006
5 Best practices in the test area, their specifics and conditions for transferability
Four examples of best practices in several domains (but mostly in education) of public services in Gorenjska region are collected.
Fig. 51 Four best practices from Gorenjska region
(Source: PUSEMOR/ BSC Kranj; Expert surveys, October 2005
No. Name Domain Locality/ region Territor. extent
1. Wandering e- Education: professional Mountainous, rural Area of 2,137 km 2 school and personal training and remote areas of (out of that 70% the (ICT) 17 municipalities in mountain area) Telecommunication: Gorenjska region 198,000 inhabitants, internet and ICT among which 30% in networks rural mountain areas
2. Rural primary Education: Podblica local 253 inhabitants in schools kindergartens and community Podblica, Jamnik, statutory primary (City municipality of Njivice, Nemilje school; professional Kranj/ Gorenjska villages and personal training region); but also in other parts of Slovenia
3. Grohar’s house Education, Culture Sorica 275 inhabitants in cultural and (Municipality of Sorica village; education centre Zelezniki/ Gorenjska Municipality of region) Zelezniki: area of 164 2 km 6,800 inhabitants
4. Mobile library Education, Library, Mountainous, rural Area of 155 km 2 Culture and remote areas of 15.000 inhabitants, Municipality of Tržič/ among which 30% in Gorenjska region; rural mountain areas but also in other parts of Slovenia
More information about “best practices“ are presented in the next pages:
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 50 January 2006
1. Wandering e-school
1. Domain(s) of public services involved Education: professional and personal training (ICT) Telecommunication: internet and ICT networks
2. Locality / region / Country Region: Gorenjska
Country: Slovenia
3. Territorial level / extent 2 Area of 2,137 km (out of that 70% the 6. Why it is considered innovative mountain area) a) It brings ITK knowledge on the spot – in rural 198,000 inhabitants, among which 30% in rural areas. mountain areas b) It breaks the fear of rural entrepreneurs and farmers towards PC and Internet in mountain 4. Target groups areas. Entrepreneurs, farmers c) It opens new horizons and opportunities for tele-working and business development in the 5. Basic idea / aims / how does it work mountains. Entrepreneurs and farmers operating in mountain rural areas are disadvantage in 7. Start / how long it has been running accessing the ICT infrastructure (No Start of the project: 2004 broadband) as well as ICT knowledge (training courses are usually provided in towns, far away 8. Costs / funding from their homes, in hours which are not Total investment in equipment: 20,000 € convenient for them; loosing time and money Total for 1 year of operation: 110,000 € on travel). In order to raise awareness and basic skills in use of computer, Internet and Different financial sources were combined: business software a mobile e-school was EU PHARE, NARD, Municipalities of Gorenjska, organised as a pilot regional project within Chamber of Commerce of the Gorenjska, regional development agency of Gorenjska Chamber of Craft Kranj, Fund for Education of BSC Kranj. The idea is to organise computer employees at SMEs in Gorenjska, chambers of trainings on the spot. The e-school has 12 commerce, Telekom computers which are installed for 1 week in each of the village including access to broad 9. Transferability to other regions / band (special agreement with Telekom/ ADSL conditions for a transfer provider) by mobile team in community house The concept can be transferred in similar areas in or school in each village. The year-around Alpine space. schedule is prepared in advance. Trainings are divided in two levels: absolute PC beginners and advance use of PC/Internet for 10. More information (website, contact improvingefficiency of business by PC or doing person) business on the distance. Special free on-line http://www.bsc-kranj.si assistance and support in purchasing proper BSC Business Support Centre Kranj ICT equipment/ select ADSL provider is Ms Alenka Sluga available to all trainees in the next 2 months following the training.
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 51 January 2006
2. Rural primary schools
1. Domain(s) of public services involved schools. One of them is located in village Education: kindergartens and statutory Podblica. Currently there are 8 pupils in 3 classes primary school; professional and personal and 1 teacher. training School in 2. Locality / region / Country Podblica Village: Podblica, Jamnik, Njivice, Nemilje Municipality: Kranj Region: Gorenjska Country: Slovenia
3. Territorial level / extent 6. Why it is considered innovative Subsidiary schools are small schools covering a) Preserving school means preserving the remote rural mountain areas. Pilot example in vitality of the mountain village and trust Podblica village has 8 pupils (school year among local population. 2005/06) while the area it covers has 253 b) Innovative teaching techniques must be inhabitants. applied. Map of subsidiaries of primary schools c) School is a central point of energy and cultural (members of Slovene association of teachers activities in the village. of Subsidiary schools) d) School can play a vital role in developing additional services for inhabitants: library, fax/copy, Internet, trainings for adults.
7. Start / how long it has been running Construction of school: 1917 Merged with principal school in Stražišče: 1963 Critical year 1984/85 – only 3 pupils
8. Costs / funding 4. Target groups Teacher is financed by the Ministry of education Pupils between age 6 - 10 (1 st - 4 th class) while operation costs and investments are due to local municipality. 5. Basic idea / aims / how does it work Due to high geographical diversity and 9. Transferability to other regions / mountain valleys Slovenia’s national conditions for a transfer education legislation/ system is keeping the The concept can be transferred in similar areas in network of mountain and rural schools Alpine space under the conditions of similar although sometimes they are very small and national standards. not economical. They are normally subsidiaries of the central primary school which is located in the near town. Their 10. More information (website, contact specific are combined classes. Special person) teaching techniques are necessary and high http://www.drustvouciteljevpodruznicnihsol.si/trans commitment and engaging of teacher is /podblica.html necessary. Within the PUSEMOR area in Mrs Milena Dolenc, Mrs Anica Kordež Gorenjska there are several mountain
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 52 January 2006
3. Grohar’s House Cultural and education centre
1. Domain(s) of public services involved − represents an important tourist attraction in Education, Culture the village − improves the quality of rural life and acts as a 2. Locality / region / Country centre of cultural activity in the farms Village: Sorica Municipality: Zelezniki 6. Why it is considered innovative Region: Gorenjska The Grohar’s house (cultural and education centre Sorica) is innovative for 4 reasons: Country: Slovenia a) It provides high quality jobs through the
combination of financial sources from national 3. Territorial level / extent network of centres for school and parallel 275 inhabitants in Sorica village outdoor/ activities and own incomes. Municipality of Zelezniki: b) The model was built on the initiatives and skills 2 6,800 inhabitants, area of 164 km of the local population. c) It is source of cultural creativity for the village 4. Target groups and at the same time the place for preserving Locals: creative and innovative local people; and raising the local identity. farmers and farmer’s wife’s offering different d) It is a model of public-private tourism/ education tourism products and services offer in an area with limited local resources. Visitors: schools, people who like arts, music and culture 7. Start / how long it has been running Start of project 1992 5. Basic idea / aims / how does it work Opening: 2000 Sorica is remote mountain village situated in a beautiful landscape setting. It is known as a 8. Costs / funding birth place of famous Slovene impressionist Different financial sources were combined: painter Ivan Grohar. Beginning of 1990 the During the programme development: Local funds integrated rural development programme was and the Ministry for agriculture and rural launched to activate local community, its development; economic potentials and to promote supplementary activities in the farms. For supporting the operation of the centre: own Tourism was identified as one of the key revenues and Ministry of education priorities for the village. As there was little of tourism the initiative of local teacher offer to 9. Transferability to other regions / set up a cultural centre filled in these gaps. conditions for a transfer Through many years of hard work of local The concept can be transferred in similar cultural group a professional centre was set economically weak rural areas where combination up. Today the culture centre Grohar’s house: of sectors and funding (e.g. tourism - sport; − offers diverse daily educational agriculture - craft) is possible. programme (art, music,..) & local museum collection (ethnographic, Grohar 10. More information (website, contact person) collection) & art studio http://www.csod.si/dc_grohar/ − offers public-private jobs for local Mr Miro Kačar (Tel.:+386(0)4 5197022 or inhabitants 5197196) − is part of national network of school education
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 53 January 2006
4. Mobile library
1. Domain(s) of public services involved 6. Why it is considered innovative Education, Library, Culture a) It offers direct contact between librarians and village people. 2. Locality / region / Country b) It is integrated into the regular library system Municipality: Tržič in Slovenia. Region: Gorenjska c) It is extending its services (internet, door to Country: Slovenia door delivery,…)
3. Territorial level / extent 7. Start / how long it has been running Area of 155 km 2 Start of the project: 1975 15.000 inhabitants, among which 30% in rural New bus purchased: 2005 mountain areas 8. Costs / funding 4. Target groups Investment in the bibliobus: 98,000 EUR (financed All, but special emphasis on elderly by Municipality of Tržič (local funds), Ministry of population, pupil and students. Culture) Operation of the bibliobus (total per year): 5. Basic idea / aims / how does it work 40,000 EUR (financed by Municipality of Tržič (local funds)) In the mountain areas of Tržič with poor public transport system and no network of village libraries the central library offers mobile library. Its aim is to secure equal access to knowledge to all citizens. Besides it makes the village life livelier. Bilbliobus is especially equipped bus with bibliotheca assistant who travels from village to village and provides different variety of books or delivers those which were pre-ordered. It has regular schedule and places where it stops. People can order books via internet, phone or directly at the stop over. When necessary the bibliobus goes from door to door. The future idea is to install also the internet in the bus. 9. Transferability to other regions / conditions for a transfer The concept can be transferred in similar areas in Alpine space.
10. More information (website, contact person) http://www.dbl-drustvo.si/knjiznica- trzic/bibliobus.html Knjiznica dr. Toneta Pretnarja Trzic (Trzic Library) Mrs Marija Marsic, director
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 54 January 2006
6 Conclusion and next steps
This report is one of totally 9 regional intermediate reports, which were finished by all regional partners of PUSEMOR project by the beginning of year 2006. The results, compiled in these reports, provide a sound basis for the further proceeding in the transnational project.
Two workpackages were started in January 2006 and will run simultaneously. The Workpackage 6 “Transnational comparison”, led by PV Südlicher Oberrhein assisted by BL Tirol, aims - based on the findings of the regional studies - to answer the following questions:
• What are similarities and differences between the situation of public services in the different regions / countries? • Which are the needs and expectations of the user groups (population and SME)? • What are the characteristics of “best practices”? • Which are the framework conditions for transfer and implementation of best practices? • Which are new strategies for policies of spatial development?
The results of workpackage 6 shall be edited in a “Transnational intermediate Report” and in a "Collection of best practices". Both papers shall be finished by summer 2006.
The results of present report will further serve as an input for the Workpackage 7 i.e. "The elaboration and development of innovative and effective new strategies and pilot projects to improve the provision of the participating mountain areas with public services". The workpackage will be led by BL Carinthia assisted by GAL Appennino Genovese.
The following outputs are expected: • One to three implementation-ready pilot projects per participating region, which have to be both of transnational interest (innovative, exemplary) and well integrated into regional development strategy. • Strategic recommendations for developing new projects in other mountain regions. More and updated information about the proceedings can be found at www.pusemor.net
PUSEMOR/ Regional Report - Gorenjska / BSC Kranj 55 January 2006