Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. tionship. Words Key India Bengal, West of plain Eco- Gangetic two in in Beels parameters Different of interrelationship logically and limnology of Study communities biotic seasons. of monsoon analysis and winter and during marked months fall well specific a revealed and during beels summer basic parameter the during is the each increase both lakes physico- an of be of two to with values these parameters relation will variations of Physico-chemical in minima seasonal investigations communities parameters revealed and These plain. biotic ecological of maxima gangetic the diversity in of with beels. the water comparison investigate fluctuations both The to surface Cladocera, in aim of beels. study by load parameters of The followed chemical ecology pollution investigation. compare of group present less than field the monsoon dominant and in the in most attempted quality in zooplankton researcher of water the density the were good high for a guidelines Rotifers indicate investigation, is the seasons There During investigation. wetland. other possible the the the to beels. during investigate Ostracoda the in half to and both high and Protozoa attempts to of one Copepoda, observed article order communities for present in was biotic out respectively The diversity and carried premonsoon communities. parameters and zooplankton been biotic physicochemical monsoon has of post the work diversity monsoon, among Baur.The and interrelationship viz. as parameters seasons called different quality locally in water are May2013 assess lakes 2011- investigated nov These been have from wetlands 2013. period type) (Closed December year Suguna to and type) 2011 (Open January Kole from the of parameters biological and chemical, Physical, Abstract 2021 4, March 1 Ziauddin Golam Bengal, West of plain Gangetic India in Beels Different Ecologically ffiito o available not Affiliation td feooyaditreainhpo aaeesi two in parameters of interrelationship and ecology of Study etBna nvriyo nmladFseySciences Fishery and Animal of University Bengal West pnbe,Coe el oe aua clg,Wtrqaiy itccmuiis interrela- communities, biotic quality, Water Ecology, Saguna, Kole, beel, Closed beel, Open : 1 okt 0 094 700 - Kolkata aut fFseySciences, Fishery of Faculty sitn Professor, Assistant .Ziauddin G. 1 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h lmt so rpclmnontp.Ana analvre ewe 60m n 00mm. 2050 Period and Study mm monsoon. 3.2.1 1600 during between ft varies to12 horseshoe winter rainfall almost methods: in Annual is 8ft Sampling type. It from 3.2 incursion. varies monsoon depth water tropical The the of km. on is sq depending 20 climate season wetland of The to area floodplain season approximate this from an of covering contour feature shape in principal widely the varies is Variability it level. as infestation macrophyte moderate a having The Bengal. West Hooghly, Kole district ha. 81.6 of 88 latitude The Hooghly. between Bengal. river lie West the and Nadia, with district ha connection Kalyani 40 a at of had located area and water-spread N a 6’ with in shape submerged two again in was and rectangular which summer land, littoral agricultural In in becomes season. Saguna land one monsoon the except sediment- and year exposed and season. the was lake water of monsoon open parts during of the most of sampling during area static vast a almost a for was Water selected zone. were profoundly locations different Three Sites: Study of Selection 3.1 Sites: Study of Selection 3.1 freshwater an of have composition parameters the qualitative these of and in variations quantitative phytoplankton Seasonal and the periodicity, them. have of distribution, within ecosystems live structure of biota. the that parameters in and physicochemical species role dynamics in the physicochemical important on Changes the The impact control 2009). 2014). substantial Kaliwal, al., that a any and et higher in factors (Hulyal Saifullah to supply ecosystem 2006; transferred major food aquatic is Chauhan, the energy primary and the (Tiwari are the which chain to from parameters The food components producer the biological as initial through also. act the organisms ecosystem are which easily They organisms the problem are ecosystem. important of fish a aquatic and productivity dewatering pose vital After the which is December/January. in macrophytes, Phytoplankton of interfere with month infested These the are handpicking. other during by of gear. out Bengal caught host West carried fishing a is of various besides method Beels of in species dewatering the population operation fish of of several recruitment the Most for the in grounds on flora. lakes nursery bearing floodplain excellent vital and The a provide fauna water. have soil. and they and of ecosystem water as resources of riverine areas characteristics natural the sensitive the of biologically of knowledge as exploitation the considered on judicious are depends the fishery a signifies of success research, The scientific prone is modern of which under influence ecosystems, Fishery, the wetland comparison determine both on to of conducted a pressures. aims Kole composition reaches anthropogenic study been and phytoplankton present to level has Suguna the the water study of on fully Therefore, the no parameters composition are Himalayas. season, However, physicochemical phytoplankton Beel Garhwal and summer Kole of season. the parameters the wetlands winter physicochemical of During floodplain level the for water wetlands in Ganga. and floodplain down river morphometric area of and drops the The physiographic which of The other. level level each area. high water from plain different the flood are upon the Beels in dependent the Ganges both river of the features of creation the are Wetlands INTRODUCTION h Kole The beel beel sacoe ytmadtebsni oeydpneto an o h ae ore ti almost is It source. water the for rains on dependent solely is basin the and system closed a is noe ytm sasalwsue-hpdbsno -ioee nlnt aigattlarea total a having length in 6-kilometer of basin saucer-shaped shallow a is system, open an , beel isbtenlttd 88 latitude between lies beel eae otervrBaiah ihtebaddcanl h elis beel The channel. braided the with Bhagirathi river the to relates ° ’Eadlniue23 longitude and E 7’ 2 beel a euc aecus,wihearlier which watercourse, defunct a was ° ’Nadlctda aaaBazar, Samara at located and N 2’ ° ’Eadlniue22 longitude and E 4’ ° Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ae eprtr Tbe .. ..) h oewtadhssonsgicnl ihrvle fwater of values higher significantly Depth shown Water in has 4.2.2 Then (Figure-4.2.1.1). difference wetland significant 4.2.2). Saguna Kole type-wise with & The wetland comparison 4.2.1 4.2.2). and in - month-wise & temperature a (table 4.2.1 was July (Table- there in temperature that water temperature revealed variance floodplain maximum of selected with analysis two onwards the February the 20.3 from 20.1 in and values warmer trend type maximum becomes similar open and a minimum in followed shown 2012) variation has (Oct temporal temperature of water 25.1 The pattern wetlands. of The values period. mean study shown the has temperature water The temperature Water 4.2.1 PHASE temperature air WATER air in 4.2 of 4.1.1). values difference higher (Figure- significant significantly Saguna type-wise shown has with wetland wetland and comparison Kole 21.1 month-wise in The 4.2.2). values a & was maximum 4.2.1 there (Table- and temperature that revealed minimum variance shown of analysis has temperature The 34.5 wetland. Kole and temperature Air 4.1 Result: values of differences test to considered. performed variables was ANOVA all for 2010). SAS months Institute, between of (SAS obtained parameters procedure parameters of of GLM Boxplot range procedure. PROC distribution GLM by by detected constructed was variations were of source significant SAS A designs. of unbalanced procedure GLM PROC variance of Analysis 3.7.2 statistics, statistics Descriptive 3.7.1 analysis Statistical 3.7. Monthly Communities: Biotic of sampling A Monthly parameters: quality water Various core of selected. studied. sampling were were A Bengal Bengal west West Bengal. Sampling West from from of of beels Frequency wetlands beels of 3.2.2 the factors floodplain at biotic different 2013 and February two abiotic, – morphometric, randomly 2011 different September period from this years three During for performed was Sampling apigo olqaiyprmtr:Monthly parameters: quality soil of sampling A ° My21)i pntp n 21.3 and type open in 2012) (May C h i eprtr a hw envle f26.1 of values mean shown has temperature air The nlsso aine(NV)wsue odsensgicn ieecsaogteparameters. the among differences significant discern to used was (ANOVA) variance of Analysis viz RCMASpoeueo SAS of procedure MEANS PROC iiu,mxmm en tnaderr n offiin fvrainfralparameters. all for variation of coefficient and error, standard mean, maximum, minimum, . ® ° Jn21)ad28.1 and 2012) (Jan C SSIsiue 00 a sdwihoeae nbt aacdand balanced both on operates which used was 2010) Institute, (SAS ° Jn21)ad29 and 2013) (Jan C ® SSIsiue 00 a sdt siaetedescriptive the estimate to used was 2010) Institute, (SAS 3 ® ° n 26.6 and C ° SSIsiue 00 o aaeeshv shown have parameters for 2010) Institute, (SAS Ot21)i lsdtp.Tewtrgradually water The type. closed in 2012) (Oct C ° n 27.5 and C ° ° Ot21)i lsdtp.Te the Then type. closed in 2012) (Oct C o auaadKl eln during wetland Kole and Saguna for C ° o Saguna for C ° Jn21)ad33.5 and 2012) (Jan C ° Jn21)and 2012) (Jan C ° C Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2 otl aito nartmeauebtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between temperature air in variation Monthly 2: Figure wetlands Kole floodplain The selected 4.2.2). the & (Figure-4.2.2.1). there of Saguna 4.2.1 temp m that with air revealed - 2.3 comparison for variance (Table and in Boxplot of depth type depth 1: analysis in of open Figure the values difference in Then higher significant 2012) shown significantly type. type-wise has (September shown closed depth wetland has m in The wetland and wetland. 3.0 2012) month-wise Kole and (September and a m 2012) Saguna was 3.3 for (June m and m 2.16 2012) 1.33 and (June values m 2.83 maximum of and values minimum mean shown has depth The iue1 hsi caption a is This 1: Figure 4 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue4 otl aito nwtrtmeauebtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between temperature water in variation Monthly 4: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of temp water for Boxplot : 3 Figure iue3 hsi caption a is This 3: Figure caption a is This 2: Figure 5 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue6:Mnhyvraini et ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Depth in variation Monthly : 6 Figure wetlands Floodplain selected the of depth for Boxplot 5: Figure iue5 hsi caption a is This 5: Figure caption a is This 4: Figure 6 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue7:Bxltfrtasaec fteslce odli wetlands Kole floodplain with selected revealed the comparison variance of in transparency of for conductivity The analysis Boxplot Specific 4.2.2). : the 7 & of Then (Table-4.2.1 Figure values pH higher in type. difference significantly closed significant shown in type-wise (Figure-4.2.5.1). 7.6(August and has wetland months and minimum and type shown wetland the has month-wise open Saguna during pH in a The of was 2012) months wetland. there (March the Kole that during and 8.6 2012) Saguna (March and for 8.4 7.9 2012) and and 2012) 8 7.5(August of values values maximum mean revealed shown variance has pH of The analysis Kole the with (pH): & comparison Then reaction in 4.2.1 Water coverage (Table- 4.2.5 water type. coverage of water closed values in higher in significantly difference shown water 2012) 4.2.4.1). significant has The (Figure- type-wise (Oct wetland wetland Saguna wetland. % open and The Kole in 86 month-wise 2012) and 4.2.2). a and (September Saguna was 95.7% 2012) for there and % (June 2012) that 67.8 (June 42% 45.7% and and values 68.1% maximum type of and values minimum shown mean type. has shown coverage closed has coverage in water 2012 The of February values dif- higher and significant significantly type-wise 2012 coverage shown Water wetland has 4.2.3.1). June 4.2.4 trans- and wetland (Figure- during and Saguna month-wise The Kole The 2012, with m a comparison wetland. August 4.2.2). was 2.3 in & months Kole there and transparency 4.2.1 the that and (Table- m during revealed transparency Saguna m variance in 1.4 for 2.0 ference of and m and analysis type 1.2 m the and 0.8 open Then values m in maximum 1.9 201 and of February, minimum values shown mean has shown parency has transparency The Transparency 4.2.3 iue6 hsi otl aito nDphbtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Depth in variation Monthly c a is This 6: Figure 7 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue9:Bxltfrwtrcvro h eetdflopanwetlands floodplain selected the of cover water for Boxplot : 9 Figure wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between transparency in variation Monthly : 8 Figure iue8 hsi caption a is This 8: Figure caption a is This 7: Figure 8 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue1:Bxltfrp fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of pH for Boxplot 11: Figure wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between area coverage water in variation Monthly 10: Figure iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 10: Figure iue9 hsi caption a is This 9: Figure 9 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ieec nFe O Tbe421&422.TeKl eln a hw infiatyhge auso Free closed of values in higher significant 2012) significantly type-wise shown (June wetland has (Figure-4.2.6.1.). ppm and wetland Saguna 3 month-wise Kole ppm with a and The 3.5 comparison was 2012) and 4.2.2). in there February 2013) & CO2 that (Table-4.2.1 CO2 and Jan Free revealed CO2 and 2011 Free The variance 2012 in (September of wetland. Dec difference analysis 0 Kole 2012, the and and Jan Saguna Then type and for 2011 type. open ppm (Dec in 1.3 0 and 2012) values ppm maximum (August 1.1 and of minimum values shown mean has shown has CO2 Free The CO2 Free 4.2.6 wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between pH in variation Monthly : 12 Figure iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 12: Figure caption a is This 11: Figure 10 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue1 otl aito nFe CO Free in variation Monthly : 14 Figure CO Free Saguna for with & Boxplot comparison (Table-4.2.1 in 13: hardness hardness Figure Total Total revealed of variance in values of higher difference analysis significantly the significant shown open Then type-wise has in (Figure-4.2.8.1). type. wetland wetland 2012) closed Total Kole (June and in The The ppm month-wise 2012) wetland. 165 4.2.2). (June a ppm Kole and was 132 and 2011) and there Saguna (Sept 2011) that for ppm (Sept ppm 134 ppm values and 87 maximum and ppm type and 105.3 minimum of shown values has mean hardness shown has hardness Total The with comparison in alkalinity hardness: Total variance Total of of 4.2.8 values (Table- analysis higher alkalinity the Total significantly Then shown in 4.2.7.1). has type. difference wetland (Figure- The significant closed in Kole Saguna in type-wise 2012) The wetland. months wetland (June Kole (June) 4.2.2). and ppm ppm month-wise & and 165 4.2.1 125 a Saguna and and was for 2012 2011) there ppm (Sept (Dec that ppm 145.2 ppm revealed 130 84 and values and ppm maximum type 1.3 and open minimum of shown values has mean alkalinity shown Total has alkalinity Total The alkalinity Total 4.2.7 2 fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 13: Figure 2 ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between 11 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue1 otl aito nTtlaklnt ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between alkalinity Total in variation Monthly : 16 Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of alkalinity Total for Boxplot : 15 Figure iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 15: Figure caption a is This 14: Figure 12 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue1 otl aito nTtlhrns ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between hardness Total in variation Monthly : 18 Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of hardness total for Boxplot : 17 Figure iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 17: Figure caption a is This 16: Figure 13 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue1 opo o pcfi odciiyo h eetdflopanwetlands floodplain selected the of - conductivity (Figure Specific Kole for that with Boxplot The revealed comparison : variance 4.2.2). in 19 of & hardness Figure and analysis (Table-4.2.1 Total type the calcium of open Then values in in higher difference type. 2012) significantly significant calcium closed 4.2.10.1). (May shown type-wise The in ppm has wetland wetland. 2012) 42 wetland and Kole (May and Saguna month-wise and ppm 2011) a Saguna 48 (Sept for was and ppm ppm there 2011) 26 34.8 (Sept values and ppm maximum ppm 33.6 39.7 and of minimum values shown mean has shown has calcium The Dissolved Then of values 4.2.9.1.). type. Calcium: higher in - closed 4.2.10 significantly difference (Figure in shown significant Saguna 2012) has type-wise (February with wetland wetland ppm comparison Kole The and 8.3 in The month-wise wetland. and oxygen 2011 a 4.2.2). 2012) Kole (Dec was & ppm (August (Table-4.2.1 there and 8.4 oxygen ppm that Saguna and Dissolved revealed 6.4 2012) for variance and (August ppm of ppm type analysis 7.7 6.9 open the and in ppm 2012) values 7.5 Jan maximum of and and minimum values shown mean has oxygen shown Dissolved has oxygen Dissolved The with comparison oxygen: in conductivity Dissolved Specific 4.2.9 of values higher 4.2.8.1). (Table-4.2.1 significantly conductivity - shown Specific (Figure has in wetland Saguna difference Kole significant The type-wise wetland 4.2.2). and & month-wise a was there that 340 and 2012) 412 values maximum and ihrvle nsme,wielwi h oso.TeSeiccnutvt a hw envle of values mean shown has relatively conductivity showed Specific beels The studied monsoon. the the in in conductivity low specific while of 263.7 summer, respect in in values variation higher seasonal of pattern The conductivity Specific 4.2.8 μ /mad472.3 and S/cm μ /m(ue21)drn h otsi lsdtp.Te h nlsso ainerevealed variance of analysis the Then type. closed in months the during 2012) (June S/cm μ /mfrSgn n oewtad h pcfi odciiyhssonminimum shown has conductivity Specific The wetland. Kole and Saguna for S/cm μ /m(et21)ad590 and 2012) (Sept S/cm iue1:Ti sacaption a is This 18: Figure 14 μ /m(a 02 noe yead222 and type open in 2012) (May S/cm μ /m(Sept S/cm Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2:BxltfrDsovdoye fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of oxygen Dissolved for Boxplot 21: Figure Saguna between conductivity specific in variation Monthly : 20 Figure n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 20: Figure caption a is This 19: Figure 15 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2:Bxltfrclimo h eetdflopanwetlands floodplain selected the of calcium for Boxplot 23: Figure Saguna between oxygen dissolved in variation Monthly 22: Figure n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 22: Figure caption a is This 21: Figure 16 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. f21)i pntp n .4pm(o f21)ad638pm(uyo 02 ncoe ye hnthe Then in in magnesium type. difference of closed values significant in The higher 2012) type-wise significantly of wetland shown wetland. (July has and (October wetland ppm Kole (Figure-4.2.11.1). month-wise Kole ppm 6.318 Saguna and a The and with 17.58 Saguna was 4.2.2). comparison 2011) and & there for of 2013) 4.2.1 (Nov that ppm (Table- of ppm revealed magnesium (Jan 15.3 0.24 variance ppm and and of 13.74 type ppm analysis values open 1.9 maximum in of and 2011) of minimum values shown mean has shown magnesium has magnesium The Magnesium: 4.2.11 wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Calcium in variation Monthly 24: Figure iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 24: Figure caption a is This 23: Figure 17 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2:Mnhyvraini ansu ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Magnesium in variation Monthly 26: Figure wetlands floodplain of selected values the of higher Magnesium significantly for ob- shown Boxplot were has 25: deviations wetland 4.2.13.1). Figure (Figure significant minor Kole type-wise Saguna The though wetland with even and comparison 4.2.2). month-wise variation a in & the was temporal phosphorus (Table-4.2.1 there both Phosphate-phosphorus of phosphorus that However, revealed trend in type. in variance troughs. similar closed 2012) of difference and analysis in less September peaks the phos- 2012) or ppm Then many The (September more showing served. 220 ppm wetland. period a and 360 Kole study exhibited 2012) and and the beels (May 2012) during Saguna ppm variation (May for 28 irregular ppm ppm exhibited values 20 99 maximum and and type and ppm 143 minimum open of shown values has mean phorus shown has 4.2.12.1). The (Figure- phosphorus Saguna 4.2.2). The with that & revealed comparison (Table-4.2.1 variance in Nitrate of Nitrate in analysis Phosphate-phosphorus: of the values 4.2.13 difference Then higher significant significantly Nitrate type. type-wise and shown The closed type wetland has open in wetland. wetland and in 2012) Kole Kole month-wise 2012) (August and (August a ppm Saguna ppm was 220 225 for and and there ppm 2012) 2012) 105.6 (April (May and ppm ppm 22 ppm values 40 98.4 maximum and of minimum values shown mean has shown has Nitrate The Nitrate-Nitrogen: 4.2.12 iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 25: Figure 18 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2:Mnhyvraini irt ewe auaadKole and Saguna between Nitrate in variation Monthly 28: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Nitrate for Boxplot 27: Figure odli wetlands floodplain iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 27: Figure caption a is This 26: Figure 19 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:Mnhyvraini hsht- ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Phosphate-P in variation Monthly 30: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of phosphate-phosphorous for Boxplot 29: Figure iue2:Ti sacaption a is This 29: Figure caption a is This 28: Figure 20 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:BxltfrClrdso h eetdflopanwetlands floodplain selected comparison the in of Then silica Chlorides of for type. values Boxplot closed higher 31: in significantly in Figure difference shown 2012) significant has September type-wise wetland (August, wetland (Figure-4.2.15.1). Kole ppm and Saguna The month-wise 10.8 with a and 4.2.2). and (September was Saguna ppm & 2012) there for (Table-4.2.1 10.1 (May that ppm and silica revealed ppm 7.0 2012) variance and 4 (May. of ppm 4 and analysis values 7.1 the type maximum of more and open values minimum exhibited mean in shown beels shown has 2011) the has silica Both silica The The variation. wetland. seasonal Kole patterns. distinct variation showed similar water less of or silicate-silica of (Figure-4.2.14.1). distribution The Saguna The 4.2.2). that with revealed comparison & variance (Table-4.2.1 in of chloride chloride analysis Silicate-silica of and in the values 4.2.15 type difference Then higher open significant significantly has type. in shown type-wise chloride closed 2012) has wetland The in (March wetland and wetland. 2012) Kole ppm month-wise Kole (June 39.5 and a ppm and Saguna 24.4 was 2012) for and there (Sept ppm 2012) ppm 34 (Sept 26.5 and ppm values ppm 9.23 maximum 20 and of values minimum mean shown shown has chloride The Chloride 4.2.14 iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 30: Figure 21 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:BxltfrSlc fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of Silica for Boxplot : Figure33 wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Chloride in variation Monthly 32: Figure iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 32: Figure caption a is This 31: Figure 22 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. al ..:Dsrpiesaitc fWtrqaiyprmtr aao Saguna of data parameters quality Water of statistics Descriptive 4.2.1: Table wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Silicate-Silica in variation Monthly 34: Figure et()2800 0.28 0.07 2.8 SD 13.81 0.27 2.85 SE 3.26 0.06 0.67 Mean 68.1 1.9 5.0 (Air) Temp Depth(m) (%) coverage Macrophyte coverage(%) Water (m) Transparency Parameters ° iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 34: Figure caption a is This 33: Figure 6106 2.70 0.64 26.1 C 23 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. uhtmoa aito nsi etr.Tesi etr fteKl niae hf rmsnyca to sandy-clay from shift a indicated weeds. Kole aquatic of the beels stands of selected show massive Sand texture two not from 4.3.2 soil the did originated beels of The humus The soil receiving %. texture. wetlands. the as 65 silty-clay, soil that Floodplain – more selected in seen 60 the variation be about in can temporal is variations It much which spatial moderate sand table. showed of the texture percentage in Soil high given a is contains beels Kole two and the Saguna in texture soil The texture Soil 4.3.1 QUALITY SOIL 4.3 Kole of parameters quality water of statistics Descriptive 4.2.2: Table iiaeslc pm 48114.7 1.3 10.5 1.1 0.3 0.5 2.5 34.8 46.5 145.2 1.3 0.1 10.3 11.0 0.2 472.3 2.4 7.7 149.6 4.4 (ppm) 0.1 Silicate-silica (ppm) Phosphate-phosphorus (ppm) N 1.0 0.5 – 7.9 Nitrate 4.6 9.8 (ppm) 13.7 Chloride 26.6 0.1 Magnesium(ppm) 1.1 2.3 3.2 (ppm) Calcium 2.2 (ppm) 27.5 60.9 Hardness Total 67.8 (ppm) Alkalinity (ppm) Total Oxide SD di 0.2 0.3 Carbon Free (ppm) 0.1 oxygen 0.04 Dissolved SE ( 0.1 conductivity Specific 0.03 Mean reaction(pH) 0.6 Water 1.2 (Water) 0.4 Temp (Air) Temp Depth(m) (%) coverage Macrophyte coverage(%) Water (m) Transparency 2.19 Parameters 0.52 50.71 4.37 11.95 1.03 7.1 1.64 3.93 98.4 20.0 0.39 0.93 98.45 39.7 23.21 1.9 13.57 143.0 4.12 (ppm) Silicate-silica 3.20 (ppm) Phosphate-phosphorus 0.97 (ppm) N – 105.3 Nitrate 0.53 0.90 (ppm) 0.28 Chloride 1.3 0.13 0.21 Magnesium(ppm) 0.07 (ppm) Calcium 7.5 (ppm) 1.1 Hardness Total 8.0 (ppm) Alkalinity (ppm) Total Oxide di Carbon Free (ppm) oxygen Dissolved ( conductivity Specific reaction(pH) Water (Water) Temp ° 492611.0 2.6 34.9 C ° ° .20010.004 0.001 0.02 C 2.60 0.61 25.1 C μ μ /m 62125.0 1.2 16.2 S/cm) 35.41 8.35 263.7 S/cm) 24 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:Mnhyvraini ad()btenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between (%) sand in variation Monthly 36: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Saguna Sand for The there Boxplot and that 4.3.2). 35: (Figure-4.3.2.1). 2012 revealed Figure & Kole variance Dec with 4.3.1 Nov, of comparison (Table- Oct, analysis shown in (Sept, silt the has silt Then in of silt 9% difference values type. and The higher significant closed Nov type significantly Oct, type-wise in open wetland. shown (Sept, wetland in has Kole % 2012) 2012) wetland and 25 and of (August month-wise and Saguna April % 2013)) a Feb & for 14 was Jan, March and % Feb, and 2013) 21.2 2012 Jan, Feb Dec and and Jan, Nov, 2011 % (Oct, of % 9.9 Dec 17 of & of values values maximum mean and shown minimum has (Figure-4.3.1.1). silt Kole 4.3.2). The with & 2013) comparison 4.3.1 revealed (Sept in (Table- variance 69% of sand sand and analysis of the type the Silt values in Then open 4.3.3 higher difference in type. significantly significant closed 2013) shown of type-wise in of has Apr shown 2013) wetland Feb wetland and of has & and Feb Saguna March, sand & month-wise Jan The Feb, Jan and a The and Jan, 2012 was 2012 wetland. and of there of Kole 2011 Dec Dec that & and of Nov and Dec Saguna (Oct, Nov Nov, 73 for Oct, and October, 64.2% (Sept, (Sept, and 68% 61% % and of 71.7 2012) values of maximum values and mean minimum shown has sand The iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 35: Figure 25 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:Mnhyvraini it()btenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between (%) silt in variation Monthly 38: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of silt for Boxplot 37: Figure iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 37: Figure caption a is This 36: Figure 26 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue3:Bxltfrca fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of clay comparison for in Boxplot carbon 39: organic Figure soil of values higher 4.3.1 significantly (Table- carbon shown revealed organic variance has soil of (Figure-4.3.5.1). wetland analysis in Kole the Saguna difference Then open with significant The organic in type-wise type. soil 2011) closed wetland 4.3.2). in The and (September 2011) & month-wise wetland. 0.74% (September a and and % was 3.9 Kole 2012) there and and (April 2012) that Saguna soil 0.48% (July in % values The % 0.6 maximum and period. 0.6 and type and study minimum 2.1% the shown of during has values variation carbon mean temporal shown irregular has underwent beels. carbon soil organic of the content both carbon in organic similar The less two or in more summer carbon was during exhibited values variation Organic pH lower temporal 4.3.6 soil month- and has of The wetland monsoon a trend the Saguna was (Figure-4.3.4.1). The shown during The there Kole values has beel. with that 4.3.2). higher pH comparison selected revealed minor & soil in variance with 4.3.1 pH seasonality The (Table- of any soil pH analysis wetland. hardly of soil the values Kole in (September, Then higher and difference 7.1 significantly type. significant and shown type type-wise closed wetland open Saguna in in and for 2012) 2012) wise 7.5 (June, (February and 7.8 7.8 and 7.4 and 2012) of 2012) 7.1(August values values mean maximum and shown a minimum has was pH there 4.3.3.1). wetland soil - that Saguna The (Figure revealed The and Kole variance 4.3.2). type with of & shown comparison open pH analysis 4.3.1 in has Soil in the (Table- clay clay 4.3.5 Then 2013) clay of The Feb, in values type. to wetland. difference higher closed significant (may Kole significantly in wise 15% and shown months type has and the wetland 2012) and during Saguna April, wise % for to month 19 14.6% (Sept and and % % % 14 17 18.4 values of maximum values and mean minimum shown has clay The Clay 4.3.4 iue3:Ti sacaption a is This 38: Figure 27 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue4:Bxltfrsi Ho h eetdflopanwetlands floodplain selected the of pH soil for Boxplot 41: Figure wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between (%) clay in variation Monthly 40: Figure iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 40: Figure caption a is This 39: Figure 28 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue4:Bxltfrognccro nsi fteslce odli wetlands floodplain selected the of soil in carbon organic for Boxplot 43: Figure wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between pH soil in variation Monthly 42: Figure iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 42: Figure caption a is This 41: Figure 29 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 1adSp,1)i lsdtp.Te h nlsso ainervae htteewsamnhws and wise 4.3.6.1). month wetland - a Kole (Figure was The Saguna (Sept, there with 4.3.2). comparison that & in mg/100g revealed phosphorus nitrogen 4.3.1 28 variance Available available (Table- and 4.3.7 of soil nitrogen 13) of analysis available of values Feb the soil higher & in significantly Then (Jan shown mg/100g difference has type. 18 significant 12) and closed wise (June, type mg/100g in type open 20 wetland 12) in values 11) Sept, maximum (September, and and minimum 11 shown has mg/100g nitrogen 33 available and soil The wetland. Kole nitrogen Available 4.3.6 wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between soil in carbon organic in variation Monthly 44: Figure h olaalbentoe a hw envle f2. g10 n 68m/0gfrSgn and Saguna for mg/100g 26.8 and mg/100g 22.6 of values mean shown has nitrogen available soil The iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 44: Figure caption a is This 43: Figure 30 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue4:Mnhyvraini vial irgni olbtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between soil in Nitrogen available in variation Monthly 46: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of nitrogen Available for Boxplot variance 45: of Figure analysis phosphorus available the soil Then of values phosphorus higher type. available (Figure-4.3.7.1). significantly soil closed shown Kole in has in with difference wetland significant comparison 2011) (Jan, Saguna wise in The soil (September, type mg/100gof wetland 4.3.2). 0.58 and 0.24 & and wise and 4.3.1 month (Table- wetland. type 13) a Kole open was Jan, and in there and of that revealed months 12 2013) (January, the Saguna March, soil during for phos- and mg/100gof 2012) soil available 0.21 11 (September, mg/100gof values soil soil 0.3 maximum mg/100gof and and The minimum 0.46 soil shown and of beels. has mg/100g phosphorus the available 0.4 between soil of The values differences mean considerable shown showed has phorus pattern variation temporal In iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 45: Figure 31 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue4:Mnhyvraini vial hshosi olbtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between soil in Phosphrous available in variation Monthly 48: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of soil of phosphorous available for Boxplot 47: Figure iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 47: Figure caption a is This 46: Figure 32 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h re fmnhws bnac fpako nSgn elwsNovem- was beel Saguna in plankton of abundance month-wise of order ber The Plankton 4.4.1 Kole of data parameter quality soil of statistics Descriptive 4.3:2 Table Saguna of data parameter quality soil of statistics Descriptive 4.3.1 Table h re fmnhws bnac oebe a December was beel Kole abundance month-wise of order The ottlpako ouaini auaadKl elrespectively. Beel Kole and Saguna in population plankton total to > . ITCCOMMUNITIES BIOTIC 4.4 March > October > February > March > > May February > January olp . .40.17 0.04 0.61 1.13 3.71 7.4 0.14 0.27 0.97 0.88 1.13 0.23 18.4 0.13 22.6 9.9 0.27 0.03 2.1 SD 71.7 0.4 nitrogen SE available Soil Phosphorus Mean Available Soil carbon Organic Soil pH Soil (%) Clay (%) Silt (%) Sand Parameters p . . 0.2 0.1 0.5 3.7 0.1 7.5 3.7 0.9 3.2 14.6 0.1 0.9 21.2 0.7 0.02 0.1 26.8 64.2 0.02 0.6 SD 0.3 nitrogen SE available Soil Phosphorus Mean Available Soil carbon Organic Soil SpH Clay Silt Sand Parameters > January > iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 48: Figure September > April > December > 33 ue htpako otiue 30%ad6. % 61.8 and % 73.0 contributed Phytoplankton June. > > August July > September > November > August > April > June. > October > July Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. emd eerpeetdb 1gnr 1 nSgn elad6i oebe) u fwhich of out beel), Kole in 6 and beel Saguna in spp (10 which genera of 11 beel) spp. by beel), Kole represented Kole in were in 17 Desmids and out 6 beel) beel and Kole Saguna Saguna in in 14 (14 and (45 genera Saguna spp beel 20 in Saguna by (19 in represented genera that was than 20 (52) by higher represented which was was of beel Bacillariophyceae Saguna group in The occurring genera). genera phytoplankton of number %). The (7.4 Dinophyceae and Dinophyceae %), and (9.26 %), Euglenoida (22.15 Chlorophyceae (26.24%), Myxophyceae beel. by Saguna followed in average) beels. %) selected an (8.78 the on from % recorded Euglenophyceae, (35.35 were of Xanthophyceae) species species of (13 2 phytoplankton species Bacillariophyceae, of 2 of species and species Dinophyceae, 64 18 of of Chlorophyceae, total species of A 1 species winter. 24 to Myxophyceae, post-monsoon of from increase concentration the and Bacillariophyceae 2011-13. of month-wise shown sequence numbers/l during a a has followed 1952 was Kole. wetland abundance of with there Saguna and trend comparison that The The 2012) in revealed phytoplankton 4.4.1.1). variance (August (Table- of of numbers/l values phytoplankton analysis higher in 763 the significantly difference and and Then significant Kole 2012) type type-wise type. and (August wetland open numbers/l closed Saguna 570 in for in values numbers/l 2011) 2012) maximum 1052 (September and (September and minimum numbers/l numbers/l shown 1543.2 1476 has of phytoplankton values The mean wetland. shown has phytoplankton The Phytoplankton 4.4.1.1 al ...:Dvriyo htpako nslce el flopanwtad)o etBengal west of wetlands) (floodplain beels selected in phytoplankton of Diversity 4.4.1.1: Table and . and . and ngnrl hr sagauldciei h bnac fpyolntndrn h oso,however, monsoon, the during phytoplankton of abundance the in decline gradual a is there general, In mn h aiu ruso htpako,Bclaipyeermie h otdmnn group dominant most the remained Bacillariophyceae phytoplankton, of groups various the Among nKl el ailrohca 2.2%,Clrpyeewstems oiatgop(27%), (22.7 group dominant most the was Chlorophyceae %), (29.92 Bacillariophyceae beel, Kole In hcsspp Phacus rglai spp Fragillaria tuatu spp. Staurastrum ogoi spp Mougeotia nitoemsfalcatus Ankistrodesmus uoiaelegans Eudorina gracillinum Actinasrtum princeps Spirulina aquatica Rivullaria hriiminundatum Phormidium rubescens Oscillatoria linckia Nostoc aeruginosa Microcystis minima Merismopedia birgei Lyngbya echinulat Gloeotrichia sp Gleocapsa sp Cylindrospermum minutus Chroococcus roeseana Aphanocapsa spiroides Anabaena Myxophyceae paohc pallida Aphanothece ,ocre nyi oebeel. Kole in only occurred ., ., eecmol nonee.Oto 0gnr ersnigMxpyee( in (9 Myxophyceae representing genera 10 of Out encountered. commonly were . eoiaspp Melosira eetems oiatoe.TegopEgeod,rpeetdby represented Euglenoida, group The ones. dominant most the were (S,K) ircsi spp Microcystis SK Bacillariophyceae (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) and . (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) SK Cyclotella (S,K) (S,K) ., aiuaspp Navicula nbeaspp Anabaena yoim acuminatum Gyrosigma opoealanceolatum Gomphonema (S) brevistriata Fragillaria (S) pectinalis Eunotia (S) lanceolata Cymbella mhr coffeaeformis Amphora areus Volvox (K) botryoides Westella zonata Ulothrix (S) gelatinosa Tetraspora (SK) sp Tetraedon sp Stigoclonium (S) orbiculare Staurasterum maxima Spirogyra obliqumus Scenedesmus duplex Pediastrum 34 eetems oiatoe.Chlorophyceae ones. dominant most the were . and . meneginiyana > Chlorophyceae (S,K) adrn morum Pandorina (S,K) (S,K) siaoi spp Oscilatoria (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) > Euglenophyceae prgr spp Spirogyra eefil common. fairly were . (S,K) . Cosmarium Pediastrum > Dinophyceae Euglena > Xanthophyceae Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ulnia(al-44112&44113.TeSgn eln a hw infiatyhge ausof values higher significantly in shown difference has significant the wetland type-wise Then Saguna wetland (Figure-4.4.1.1.4.1). type. The Kole and closed with month-wise in comparison 4.4.1.1.3). 2012) a in (May & was Euglenoida numbers/l 4.4.1.1.2 there 259 (Table- that and 2012) 2012) revealed Euglenoida (April numbers/l (September variance 188 numbers/l wetland. of and 47 Kole 2012) analysis and and (August Saguna 24 type for values numbers/l open maximum 93.6 and in and minimum numbers/l shown 131.4 has of Euglenoida values The mean shown has Euglenoida The 4.4.1.1.3.1). type- (Figure- wetland Kole shown and has with Euglenoida month-wise wetland comparison 4.4.1.1.4 a Saguna in was The Bacillariophyceae there 4.4.1.1.3). of that & values revealed (December 4.4.1.1.2 higher variance (Table- numbers/l significantly of Bacillariophyceae 703 in analysis and difference the 2012) significant Then (September wise numbers/l type. Kole 324 461 closed and and and in 2012) Saguna type (July 2011) for open numbers/l numbers/l in 120 values 316.5 2013) maximum (January and and minimum numbers/l numbers/l shown 529.8 has Bacillariophyceae of The values wetland. mean shown has Bacillariophyceae shown The has 4.4.1.1.2.1). wetland type- (Figure- wetland Saguna Kole and The with Bacillariophyceae month-wise comparison 4.4.1.1.3 (September a 4.4.1.1.3). in was numbers/l & Chlorophyceae there 775 4.4.1.1.2 of that values and (Table- revealed higher Chlorophyceae 2012) variance 514 significantly of in (July and Kole analysis difference numbers/l 2012) the and significant 117 Then (July Saguna wise and numbers/l type. for type 92 closed numbers/l values open in 243.7 maximum 2011) in and and 2012) minimum numbers/l (September shown 355.1 numbers/l has of Chlorophyceae values The mean wetland. shown has Chlorophyceae The & that 4.4.1.1.1 Kole Chlorophyceae 605 revealed with (Table- 4.4.1.1.2 variance comparison and phytoplankton phytoplankton of 2012) of in values analysis (July difference higher the significantly numbers/l significant shown Then (Figure-4.4.1.1.1.1). has 197 type-wise wetland wetland and type. Saguna The and closed type 4.4.1.1.2). month-wise in open Kole 459 a months in and and was the 2011) of Saguna there during (Nov months for numbers/l 2012) numbers/l the 187 (January values 295.7 during numbers/l maximum and 2012) and numbers/l minimum (December 404.5 shown numbers/l has of phytoplankton values The mean wetland. shown has phytoplankton The wetland Floodplain Myxophyceae Kole 4.4.1.1.1 K= wetland, Floodplain S=Saguna lseimparvulum Closterium sp Cladophora oytscrassa Oocystis australe Oedogonium genuflexa Mougeotia agardh Micrasterius idium (S) Hydrodiction viridis Euglena spinulosum Euastrum (S) pulchellum Dictyosphaerium quadrata Crucigenia bengalicum Cosmerium infusionum Chlorococcum vulgaris Chlorella augustum Characium limneticus Asterococcus (S,K) (S) (S,K) (S,K) SK Euglenophyceae (S,K) SK Xanthophyceae (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S) hpldagibba Rhopalodia major Pinnularia rbnm ugr (K) vulgare Tribonema granulatum Botrydium (S) macroceros Ceratium Dinophyceae caudate Phacus capitata Synedra sp Surirella sigmoidia Nitzschia radiosa Navicula granulate Melosira 35 (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) (S,K) Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue5:Mnhyvraini ubr fMxpyeebtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Myxophyceae of numbers in variation Monthly 50: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of shown Myxophyceae has type- for (Figure-4.4.1.1.6.1). wetland wetland Boxplot Kole Saguna and with 49: month-wise The comparison Figure a in (September 4.4.1.1.3). was Xanthophyceae numbers/l & there of that 100 4.4.1.1.2 values revealed (Table- and Kole higher variance Xanthophyceae 2012) significantly of and in (August analysis difference Saguna numbers/l the significant 63 for Then 7 wise and numbers/l and type. 2013) type closed (January 23.9 numbers/l in open and 9 2011) in values numbers/l maximum 2011) 38.8 and (September minimum of numbers/l shown has values Xanthophyceae mean The shown wetland. has Xanthophyceae higher significantly The shown has significant wetland (Figure-4.4.1.1.5.1). type-wise Xanthophyceae Kole Saguna wetland 4.4.1.1.6 with The and comparison month-wise in a 4.4.1.1.3). Dinophyceae was & of there closed (Table-4.4.1.1.2 in values that 2011) Dinophyceae revealed (December variance numbers/l in 164 of numbers/l and difference analysis 2012) 163 the (August and numbers/l Then 2012) 22 wetland. (August and type. Kole numbers/l type and 26 open Saguna values in for maximum 2011) numbers/l and (December 78.6 minimum and shown numbers/l has 83.6 Dinophyceae of The values mean shown has Dinophyceae The Dinophyceae 4.4.1.1.5 iue4:Ti sacaption a is This 49: Figure 36 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue2 otl aito nnmeso hoohca ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Chlorophyceae of numbers in variation Monthly Figure52: wetlands floodplain selected the of Chlorophyceae for Boxplot 51: Figure iue5:Ti sacaption a is This 51: Figure caption a is This 50: Figure 37 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue5:Mnhyvraini ubr ailrohca ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Bacillariophyceae numbers in variation Monthly 54: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Bacillariophyceae for Boxplot 53: Figure iue5:Ti sacaption a is This 53: Figure caption a is This 52: Figure 38 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue5:Mnhyvraini ubr fEgeod ewe auaadKl odli wetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Euglenoida of numbers in variation Monthly 56: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Euglenoida for Boxplot 55: Figure iue5:Ti sacaption a is This 55: Figure caption a is This 54: Figure 39 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue5:Mnhyvraini ubr fDnpyeebtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between Dinophyceae of numbers in variation Monthly 58: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Dinophyceae for Boxplot 57: Figure iue5:Ti sacaption a is This 57: Figure caption a is This 56: Figure 40 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue6:Mnhyvraini ubr/ fxnhpyeebtenSgn n oeflopanwetlands floodplain Kole and Saguna between xanthophyceae of numbers/l in variation Monthly 60: Figure wetlands floodplain selected the of Xanthophyceae for Boxplot 59: Figure iue5:Ti sacaption a is This 59: Figure caption a is This 58: Figure 41 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. al ..71Egnvle n rprino xlie aito ntefco nlsso h selected the on analysis factor the in variation explained of phytoplankton. and proportion water and of values parameters Eigen chemical physico 4.4.17.1 water of Table parameters Physico-chemical and Phytoplankton 1 4.4.17. Kole of data Phytoplankton of statistics Descriptive 4.4.1.1.3: Table Saguna of data Phytoplankton of statistics Descriptive 4.4.1.1.2: Table .XnhpyeeN 8856 24.04 40.88 54.78 5.67 9.64 12.91 38.8 83.6 131.4 187.89 85.80 No 119.75 Xanthophyceae 44.29 20.22 No 28.23 Dinophyceae No 355.1 529.8 322.01 SD Euglenoida 404.5 No 75.90 8. 391.85 Bacillariophyceae SE No 1543.2 7. 92.36 Chlorophyceae No 6. 1849.6 Myxophyceae Mean No 5. Phytoplankton NO Plankton 4. Total 3. 2. Parameters 1. No. Sl. .XnhpyeeN 394318.1 42.1 41.3 4.3 9.9 9.7 23.9 78.6 93.6 119.6 110.3 No 99.8 Xanthophyceae 28.2 26.0 No 23.5 Dinophyceae No 243.7 316.5 256.1 Euglenoida SD 295.7 No 60.4 8. 239.3 Bacillariophyceae SE No 1052.0 7. 56.4 Chlorophyceae No 6. 1111.8 Myxophyceae Mean No 5. Phytoplankton NO Plankton 4. Total 3. 2. Parameters 1. No. Sl. vrg 171.175282 = 4279.38205 Average = Total Eigenvalues: Preliminary iue6:Ti sacaption a is This 60: Figure 42 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue ..71Tewtadws cr lto h eodfco gis h rtfco eeae nthe in generated factor first the phytoplankton. against and factor water second of the parameters of physicochemical selected plot of score analysis wetland-wise factor The -4.4.17.2. 4.4.17.1 4.4.17.1 Figure. comparison Figure. in in wetland given Kole is wetland the statement in the this high discriminating of were in factor using depiction efficient first identified clear was the were The on factor factors variables Saguna. loaded first different positively with loaded the the loaded loaded positively variables Thus, variables on the The loaded the 2003). between heavily types. between (Hatcher, variables correlation relation procedure The negative correlation scratching definite a the a variables. is positively 7.56% loaded is was there explained negatively factor there positive which and third nitrate and the and The negatively reveals phosphate or This silica, positively 4.4.17.2). with variation. (Table Dinophyceae loaded total data and negatively the and the oxygen of pH dissolved in and variation with calcium total loaded with the negatively loaded gross of and temperature, 16.99% dioxide water explained negative carbon temperature, which air free and with the positively and chloride loaded in production was variation magnesium, factor the primary second of The hardness, 71.83% loadings explained 4.4.17.2). positive total Bacillariophyceae (Table high data and alkalinity, with Myxophyceae factor depth, total first transparency, the conductivity, of However, loadings varimax value specific 4.4.17.1). the (Eigen (Table with data macrophytes, factors the along significant of in analysis variation 3 The total were the them. of there on 96.38% that variables revealed of loadings procedure proportional rotation with factors significant the h atraayi nslce hsc-hmclprmtr n htpako a are u oidentify to out carried was phytoplankton and parameters physico-chemical selected on analysis factor The 3 2 1 43 > )wihtgte explained together which 1) Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. atraayi fslce hsc hmclprmtr fwtradphytoplankton. and water of parameters chemical physico selected of analysis factor iue ..72Tewtadws cr lto h hr atraanttefis atrgnrtdi the in generated factor first the against factor third the of plot score wise wetland The 4.4.17.2 Figure. iue6:Ti sacaption a is This 62: Figure caption a is This 61: Figure 44 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue ..73Tewtadws cr lto h hr atraanttescn atrgnrtdi the in generated factor second the against phytoplankton. factor and water third of the parameters of physico-chemical plot selected score of wise analysis wetland factor The 4.4.17.3 Figure. parameters chemical physico selected of analysis phytoplankton. factor the and in water observed of pattern factor Rotated 4.4.17.2 Table atohca 040 006 -0.2691 0.18231 -0.0565 -0.5758 -0.4207 -0.0782 0.15882 0.00448 -0.0712 -0.3613 0.29035 0.0096 -0.6983 -0.722 0.05798 Xanthophyceae -0.5203 -0.3417 0.19196 -0.0109 -0.2095 Dinophyceae 0.07475 0.26711 -0.39 -0.6934 -0.1012 -0.1772 Euglenophyceae -0.5183 -0.1968 -0.3385 0.96149 No Bacillariophyceae 0.89217 -0.2559 0.03185 No Chlorophyceae 0.00975 No Myxophyceae -0.273 0.96307 Silicate-Silica 0.16938 0.59378 Phosphorus 0.05654 0.17784 Nitrate -0.2439 0.98338 0.07382 Chloride -0.0628 0.98091 Magnesium -0.1271 -0.0031 Calcium -0.3206 0.78231 -0.7876 hardness -0.105 Total 0.06775 0.14952 0.07583 0.03816 alkalinity 0.68929 Total Oxide -0.8019 -0.22 di 0.11606 Carbon 0.40429 -0.2078 Free 0.95837 0.95786 Oxygen 0.96619 Dissolved 0.138 Conductivity 0.1579 0.15256 Specific 0.18589 0.31333 PH Factor3 0.87143 water -0.4478 Temperature Factor2 Air Temperature -0.7017 Factor1 Depth GPP Macrophyte Transparency Parameters 45 Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. .111Depth 1.1.1 5. Attributes Physical 5.1.1 nature in (2010). alkaline CHARACTERISTICS QUALITY was al. WATER et stream 5.1 Liu high Baldi by promotes reported of water were water Alkaline findings The Similar 1990). al., et 2012). period. (Ormerod study Prabhahar, pH the and higher throughout (Kumar in the results productivity of et rocks rivers (Sharma primary limestone several River Tons of and the 2011) presence and al., The 2007) et in al., (Rani River et India Haraz (Sharma plain, in 2009). River recorded Gangetic al., Chandrabhaga also of the were rivers including monsoon many Himalayas in 2009), Central oxygen al., lower et (Sharma and (Pejman oxygen season Iran winter dissolved in of oxygen values dissolved higher 2003). photosynthetic Higher in al., high to results et due that Ravindra be water may 2000; It clear Rathore, in sites. and and the communities all stream phytoplankton at of season a winter rate of during recorded health was oxygen ecological dissolved High decides that 2002). (Chang, parameter in River life environmental (Saguna), Hooghly aquatic important the body protects an with water connected is closed (Kole) oxygen water One Dissolved open investigated bodies: one, Hooghly. The second water of the district of and the types Bengal State. in West closed the Nadia, and of of district open fisheries the typical inland of for representatives resource the important an constitute and called lakes The DISCUSSION el s beels or baors nWs eglaetecmoet fteGnei odli eln system wetland floodplain Gangetic the of components the are Bengal West in iue6:Ti sacaption a is This 63: Figure 46 beels ytm are systems Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 98 ihe,16;Kmr 95 ah 99.Autcognssvr ieyi hi eaint the to relation very their of condition in prolonged widely 2001). the vary Nath, in 1930; smother organisms (Jermolajev, Lloyd, organisms Aquatic transparency and many doubt, (Needham water 1999). a turbidity lake Without high Nath, bloom. in turbidity. phytoplankton 1985; of fluctuations and degrees Kumar, seasonal action different 1969; wind similar volume the Michael, reported selected replenished to 1958; the two also attributed of is have the effect which workers study, dilution June), Various May- present the (particularly to the due period In summer monsoon during more water. was of study, general present in the transparency In The 1934). pro- (Smith, a water matter. has of organic layer turbidity suspended surface Excessive and the to 1969). gains Michael, organic heat particu- of the daily 1958; silt, decomposition confining Bamforth, and the in 1953; clay by effect nounced produced McCombic, suspended to bottom pigments predominance are 1952; clay and humus transparency (Kielhorn, organism, and with affecting gravel, planktonic matter bodies sand, factors dispersed Water the with matter, Other etc. with those organic and sediment, 1997). greatly late basins, varies and (Nath, rock It inflow turbidity while, of low body. turbidity have nature water high have exposure, a to of of likely productivity degree are the basin, in the factor of limiting nature important an is times Transparency different and during dissolved Transparency penetration of of 1.1.1 presence rate body, 5. the water affect the will of year. factors positions the the interfering geographical of in other the also variations of surface, and Spatio-temporal It depth water materials, irregular the The particulate showed places. on and these falling beel. m) light at 1.45 macrophyte-infested of retting to this jute m in (0.23 of year widely selected effects fluctuated the the disc throughout Saguna to Secchi at populations the due be observed plankton apparently was may the depth was poor September Secchi into September-October indicated and the of floodwater of June lowering period run-off in in Marked the reduction surface depth periods. steep Secchi these of during a of inflow experienced caused lowering the have Considerable might to showers March-April. attributed pre-monsoon during following depth catchments Secchi Phytoplankters the with from down space washed and chain. selected nutrients food the for autotrophic In the compete of which part macrophytes not aquatic shallow are indicated rooted and (1981) Dey of reactions. growth biochemical dense and chemical of impact the increasing closed the for Sugunan (1997a) problems Mukhopadhyay balance meters. water 6 causes exceeding rainfall not Low depth the and of slope majority gradual the a that with indicated lake littoral serves the the of ingress as column riverine classified water seasonal the the Kole, from In indicated As replenishment. depth volume. for and run-off filler. resources catchment water replenishment on as the 4.0 dependent on of is dependent range Saguna annual mostly The an and within conspicuous are were column column water water the the lake.the in in the fluctuations m of the 6.0 area features, - topographical the the over to lake Owing the variation. of production or volume and eutrophic is ecological the lake showed of the a characteristics quotient study, Certain whether present the determines shoreline. the that as the In factor of depth the length average and is computing depth depth maximum average oligotrophic, are that terms reveal used limnologists frequently European most lake of morphometry In beels beel aidi epc fwtrtasaec otyiflecdb h rwho lntncorganisms planktonic of growth the by influenced mostly transparency water of respect in varied tal. et .Ee huhtepntaino oa aito nntrlwtr safnto fteangle the of function a is waters natural in radiation solar of penetration the though Even s. beels 20)rpr nta shallow that in report (2000) , beel h no fsraewtrcryn ev odo nrai n rai materials organic and inorganic of load heavy a carrying water surface of inflow the , ytm,ado two of and systems, el s beels ydffrne ntpgah,hdoyais otu,ae n catchment and age, contour, hydrodynamics, topography, in differences by beel nWs eglaevleal ohg ae ee fluctuations. level water high to vulnerable are Bengal West in s s beels auai oprtvl epr h esnlflcutosin fluctuations seasonal The deeper. comparatively is Saguna , beel el ecosystems beels h hl ae oygt etdu ail,thereby rapidly, up heated gets body water whole the , beel 47 eefudt aelwtasaec uigthe during transparency low have to found were s beel . beel hs r hlo ae oisadcnbe can and bodies water shallow are these olwn ev oso showers, monsoon heavy following s s beel lofacilitates also beel during s Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ihognccnet nbto u,lresaemraiytkspaei umrmnh seilyatra after with especially bodies months water summer in in place (1989) takes The Jhingran mortality wind. (1967); large-scale temperature. cold Banerjea mud, water or Munshi to bottom shower influences Dutta According in temper- and profoundly contents higher same. Rai macrophytes organic at the of 1956). high more confirms (Ganapati, presence is water also the bottom of study that the status present reported at nutrient microbes matter also the the organic have in of of increase (1979) activity consequent decomposition biochemical by the of differ- nutrients rate with during temperature increased of ature the release distinct minimum is the quite and temperature that higher was maximum so of temperature effect that significant water reported more freshwa- in The (1988) of Variation Bhowmik growth 2.2). the study. affect the in 4. can throughout & temperature seasons 2.1 which ent in Chan- -4. ways investigated Beafort (Tables several the in temperature high shown In was has production animals. 1961) high, was ter (1950; William temperature P. Macan the U. by when Keetham-lake that in nel. reported temperature reported of been (1966) stratification Murdococh has moderate and observed elsewhere) (1977) a and Chonder and in Sumatra, Dwivedi temperature (Java, stratified countries the recorded Asian conditions and (1985) thermoclines Bengal. some distributed West such Kumar least of of was prevalence lake (1931). water season. The tropical Ruttner, the summer maximum. small when the also the spell was in day winter recorded in the the maximum within in the fluctuation maximum to from temperature was comparison ranged temperature in water water 0C surface the surface 12.0 the the deep, been to of among much has 8.3 not temperature variation most by factor Though the little is lower single study, was other temperature with present winter undergoes No the the 0C, during also In productivity. factors, 33.5 it to physical effects. to and basic the direct 19.5 located is many all are turn so of in bodies with that which widely water radiation. linked stated varies activity the monthly solar It photosynthetic (1967) where the The for Banerjea bodies. place in essential water the 1956). changes fluctuation. of of productivity the (Prasad, diurnal condition the on wide processes climatic influencing depends the biological in on largely role and important depending water chemical an ambient on plays large in temperature effect a Water temperature to pronounced water communities a biotic of has the fluctuation shaping it factor as density-independent accepted extent, universally a is Temperature in movements Temperature turbulence, of 1.1.4 of acceleration 5. effects algae, physiological certain be in to in mass (1948 appeared growth Welch of what number of days. closed reporting rainy suspension workers these the various as However, during of such run-off works catchment the year. of mentioned the points ) receiving closed throughout the The actions at while. conditions wind flood flowing the river localized the to of due egress open the and current The in ingress individuals. pattern the the flow to of the due hydrology study, and present geo-morphometric the the In the on production biomass. all primary macrophyte in and as macrophytes density up marginal plankton deep lower and in in submerged any, resulting of if stabilize, stratification, to eutrophi- such thermal species in the plankton rates the delaying the breaking in allow in helps not helps it does ecosystem, also renewal the water of s Rapid productivity biological process. the cation affects adversely this While exchange. water continuous to Kole The Flow 1.1.3 5. hc sbnfiilfrntin eyln n aeu xhne ttesm ie otnoswtrflow water continuous time, same the At exchange. gaseous and recycling nutrient for beneficial is which , beels and beel, baors beel hc osse ieiecneto,i itmzdavreyfrad nu-uptrtodue ratio input-output forwards adversely victimized is connection, riverine a possesses which .Bsds ai nraei ae eesdrn oso otscue et n decay and death causes months monsoon during levels water in increase rapid a Besides, s. fWs eglvre rm1. o3. Cwihcnom ihtepeetstudy. present the with conforms which 0C 32.0 to 17.5 from varied Bengal West of Daphnia, el s beels n eraei oooinadigsinin ingestion and locomotion in decrease and beels repcieo pno lsdwr hral taie.Tevrainin variation The stratified. thermally were closed or open of irrespective csses h ae eprtr lsl olwdteatmosphere the followed closely temperature water the ecosystems, el eco beels el s beels 48 hc sbnfiilfrrccigntinslocked nutrients recycling for beneficial is which , sses h iiu eprtr recorded temperature minimum The -systems. beels beels auaeprecdwvsadfeeble and waves experienced Saguna beel beel Paramoecium c-ytmo ai ititin district Nadia of eco-system s oewsudrflwn condition flowing under was Kole c-ytm aiddepending varied eco-systems s Oscillatoria el s beels . eeas receiving also were leaini the in alteration , beels Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. p.Teoye eesrcre uigtepeetivsiainwr bv hsciia ee nboth in level critical this above or were 4 investigation below present continuously remains the concentration during oxygen recorded dissolved levels when oxygen well grow The 250 or ppm. Kole feed to in 5 not widely virtual do fluctuated from fish water range (1982), of content may oxygen and ones dissolved short The eutrophic The while 1972). 1985). saturation, (Goswami, (Dehadrai, dissolved state from saturation. the trophic water the variation their percent eutrophic to aggregate, of show measure in due water. organic waters good level massive interphase the a Oligotrophic low give the water from lakes alarmingly with in oxygen soil oxygen be weather dissolved remove the in to hot sediments variations at reported calm long-term the oxygen of been from of concurrence has feature arising loss oxygen the common bubbles by considerable a Gas similar caused is as a matter. Mainly waters reported There organic also eutrophic Bihar. (1985) of shallow Kumar, North accumulation in summer. of of depletion morning swamps oxygen early in reported the season during values. (1972) summer recorded the Dehadrai oxygen were as observation. ppm low such 0.2 as with temperature low high associated as the are of the period of peak peaks layer the phytoplankton zooplankton Sugunan during the 1988; while poor that 1968; be values (Bhowmik, reported to confirmation (1956) oxygen in observed Srivastava, content not high and always Oxygen was Das the monsoon whereas to during mention density water to corresponds interesting plankton surface is the surface high It of in 1967). the rate oxygen (Banerjea, high with raindrop of the a concentration to of higher attributed showering the be the may that to monsoon due summer oxygen in and oxygen atmospheric ppm) of of mixing stratification 2.7 maximum to the and (0.4 for winter reason closed followed The the ppm) in 3.0 ppm). to maximum 2.6 (1.1 was to monsoon (0.2 bottom in maximum and the surface showing variation; the between tempera- concentrations the deeper of oxygen comparatively by in reflection distribution in the reported stratified fish investigation, difference been showed present on the oxygen has the the deoxygenation dissolved of water In complete column and 1950). lake water of relationship (Moore, of effects photosynthetic-respiration by content and ill recorded ture oxygen the been in and also Bhowmick,1968) have variation survival 1957; diurnal (Hutchinson, Similar workers ppm day. various 10.8 the to 6.4 of of photoperiod range moderate the the within Phenomenally, was 2.2). intense media 4. and aquatic & in level 2.1 gas 4. surface (Tables life-bearing the at prime within atmosphere The lives etc. The the the velocity, water bearing data. from to of chlorophyll chemical absorption oxygen color other the by atmospheric any and all sources; than turbidity of water two of activity of knowledge from photosynthetic nature with mainly the the along oxygen regulating about determinations (1957) receive for Hutchinson information oxygen quality. factor water more of the provide important series indicating could prime as a well a that as considered communities remarked animal is has and oxygen plant dissolved of process parameters, metabolic chemical the all Of oxygen Dissolved 5.2.1 Bengal. West ATTRIBUTES of CHEMICAL bodies water 5.2 selected the in Barrackpore ob- CIFRI, was 20.0 of incidence between findings such ranged earlier no relatively 103 study, the the present even no. the and Bulletin In decom- water in anaerobic depletion. of the oxygen volume the of suffers the in layer water served throughout bottom of itself the layer distributes that surface so gases, oxygen-rich layers reducing stratified with thermally zone of overturn position to due happens This el s beels el ecosystems beels niaedsrpnyaddpeino xgncaatrsi fetohcwtr;reading waters; eutrophic of characteristic oxygen of depletion and discrepancy indicate beels beel beels csses h ufc ae a oeoyeae oprdt h otmand bottom the to compared oxygenated more was water surface The ecosystems. s aeswr oeoyeae uigtepooeidcmae otenon- the to compared photoperiod the during oxygenated more were waters aua h ieec noye ocnrto a lorltdt h seasonal the to related also was concentration oxygen in difference The Saguna. beel h ae ult rfieo elnso etBna srcre yCIFRI, by recorded as Bengal West of wetlands of profile quality water The . eed nmn atr uha eprtr,wtrmvmn,wind movement, water temperature, as such factors many on depends s s tal et ,20)cnom ihtepeetsuy h Ovle ntebottom the in values DO The study. present the with conforms 2000) ., ° o35.4 to C 49 ° .Tu h rsn nig r nareetwith agreement in are findings present the Thus C. beel 53-21 p) codn oBoyd to According ppm). (5.34-12.14 s el s beels c-ytm.Teadto of addition The eco-systems. beels waters Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. acu n ansu,climbigtemjrcnttet hs ln ihdsovdcro dioxide carbon dissolved of with bicarbonate along and These carbonate constituent. by Alkalinity major 1981). caused (Laal, mainly the body is water being the bodies calcium of the freshwater productivity in magnesium, of natural place and index taking of rough calcium process capacity a chemical as combining and taken acid biological also entire is or it the such of as resultant lakes, body, the water water are values hard alkalinity in total Since greater is organisms unit organisms. of per living Alkalinity matter mass of 5.2.3 living total variety less greater the contain a although usually hold However, and lakes flora lakes. and medium water fauna or hard aquatic ppm than their 15 Kole about of area water levels, hardness poorer hard hardness average line total generally and the dividing water a are on the having soft lakes Based to waters as equivalent fish. considered pond level of be this pH growth pH can The to the of ponds. according for recorded condition in and satisfactory as neutral production waters is fish 9.0 a above hard for observed to and favorable (1967) their water 6.5 most Banerjea soft and the of production. between be matter range fish to organic pH for 7.5) along in a suitable to catchment rich having most (6.5 the the water water from is (1967), bottom daybreak by matter Swingle of of before organic influenced to mixing pH (Yadava considerable According was the the of vegetation decomposition. water with in inflow subsequent coupled aquatic the observed the run-off/floodwater, was of dense to has surface decline pH due the with water sharp probably in and of A was fluctuation soil which pH run-off/floodwater. The the May-June, basin surface The plants. in inflowing the flooding. availability aquatic the nutrient and of of by and drying character survival process alternate the acidic life with in the the wetlands role a regulating floodplain significant characteristics of in a important species particularly most different body, the of water the of evidence one of with some is value pH pH alkaline pH is of the there agreement 9.1. where the that Thus, and bears (1988) note 6.8 organisms. study Bhowmik conditions between present to food optimum The of important fish provided range. study water also pH is the the individual but It an 8.4 fish having plankton. and the group 7.3 of taxonomic for between growth only ranged the not pH optimum when (Chakravartyfor is that was monsoon fluctuation observed pH during (1969) seasonal water lowest the Michael the alkaline and to and slightly summer year A due during the 1969). morning values throughout pH the value highest in constant the those (Chakravarty nearly workers than Several a 1969). 1969). maintain higher (Michael, (Michael, narrow to water always the tends almost in generally are organisms water It various afternoon the of the of activities Banerjea,1967). in respiratory and bottom 1957; water and 8.0 (Hutchinson, the photosynthesis of workers as various at values pH by observed pH pH productive The However, The be ion. significant. hydrogen to highly of recorded concentration been not decreased has was with above value different marginally pH was on the column influence of environmental eutrophic water general seasonal extreme occasions. surface of The an index few in an on indicates trace concentration as except hydrogen-ion 10.0 and (ii) above above the and water iron, and investigation, and limiting the 8.0 ammonia, present (I) diversity as in the phosphate, species important nutrients In as restricts regarded conditions. of severely is such pH 5 nutrients state lakes, or plant chemical In environment. 4 important the below controls influence pH concentration pH metals. hydrogen-ion in of Changes log bodies. negative pH The pH reaction Water 5.2.2 fluctuations (Yadava Wide times (r=0.778). at action. temperature water activities diffusion/wind to fishing the for intense in area water and surface of depth, the content covering oxygen hyacinth dissolved in water of growth extensive the beel .Cmaaiey oe isle xgnlvl eoddi Kole in recorded levels oxygen dissolved lower Comparatively, s. s beel beel ih edet es qai eeain hlo water shallow vegetation, aquatic dense to due be might s s epciey codn oJiga 19) otwater soft (1991), Jhingran to According respectively. s s 50 tal et tal et ,15;David 1959; ., el s beels ,18) isle xgnwsivreyrelated inversely was oxygen Dissolved 1987). ., and baors tal et beel ,16)hv,hwvr reported however, have, 1969) ., fWs eglwsrecorded was Bengal West of a eatiue othe to attributed be may s t al et. tal et beel ,15;David 1959; ., ,18)a elas well as 1987) ., beel n Saguna and s ae during water s beel was s s tal et beel ., s Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. scnutneicessaot2 e erecnird Wte,20) trflcstentin ttsof status nutrient range. acceptable the an reflects (Crowder, in It macrophytes were 2001). lakes of (Wetzel, which these distribution centigrade flow, from of the velocities electrical degree recorded productivity and ionic to affects per the body solution electrolyte 2% a to water the of contributes a about of resistance temperature that increases the The relationship conductance of 2001). (Wetzel, edaphic measure as content of a ion is increase increasing water with general of declines density a chemical conductance the as specific describing and The in parameter water. factor useful a fitness as a considered is as solids dissolved of parameters contribution total these The and between 1946) relationship Joshi, inverse conductivity and similar (Gonzalves Specific A significant lakes 5.2.5 a in (r=-0.761). had workers F-CO2 water many places. of these by at pH observed retting was the jute of with effect relation the Kole to inverse due at apparently recorded was F-CO2 September-October of of concentration higher rainwater the through Considerably, influx its runoff. (Chakravorty indicate fish surface stations acid range. Most by most tolerable carbonic ppm. selected at in the of May the 5 within form in In well as the recorded remained low 1944). F-CO2 in but (Hart, as of ppm) concentrations levels ppm 18.59 highest avoid 60 to The they to (undetectable although up widely fluctuated containing F-CO2, concentrations waters of organic survive concentration of Michael will high decomposition species a (1956); the Shrivastava to tolerate due can and be Fishes might Das summer by during observed observed inverse CO2 of was (Chakravarty An free component water. matter of oxygen important the levels dissolved in higher an The bicarbonates is and (1969). and dioxide of F-CO2 carbonates Carbon decomposition of soil. between therein, concentrations the thriving correlation the through communities influencing infiltration biotic system, to the buffering of due the respiration also to and due matters, occurs organic water the in CO2 Free recorded was value alkalinity high The plankton. present the also the and In organisms, level. environment. in benthic water macrophytes, the the the of of to the ecology decay related of the inversely alkalinity in high are The values importance alkalinity primary the total of of the alkalinity is body, the which investigation, water system, natural equilibrium a an In form water in eesadtegswseaie ob rsn ttebto aesi oeaet o ocnrto.The CO concentration. free low the above to and moderate 8 pH in at layers that bottom in reported CO the quantities who (1961), large at Reid in the present by present CO of made be free carbonate water to the with surface of examined reaction in absence was cases, a content pronounce some gas to CO2 water In the due free in 1969). study, and be CO2 (Michael, present also levels free at populations the may of phytoplankton Madras water lakes In heavy absence in reservoir, water. in of Amaravathy Such CO2 the ppm presence in free content periods. the 39 of absent CO2 certain to absence was free to during related the photosynthesis, P. CO2 17 1968), be for U. free (Bhowmick, of to necessary lake, Thus, Kalyani is found range Ramgarh disappear. was CO2 at a in Burdwan. even body observed and at may water 1964), and body and ppm (Sreenivasan, water day up, a 10 a go in different to sharply in ppm during nil may 15 hours and workers to from places different Many 0.4 1965), different at water. from at 1956; and the as lakes Srivastava, and in well water and ponds activity a as (Das in in biological Lucknow year water content of of a Its nature CO2 in bodies. free and water seasons of amount the fluctuations the of the productivity on studied the have depending influencing widely in varies role body important an plays CO2 Free CO2 Free 5.2.4 observations. similar reported (2000) el s beels 2 nteclm ae a niaieo htsnhtcatvte n i-eprto nteenvironment. the in bio-respiration and activities photosynthetic of indicative was water column the in netdwt ihdniyo arpyeascae an n eti ims.Sugunan biomass. benthic and fauna macrophyte-associated of density high a with infested tal et ,1959). ., beels ae a eas ftepeec fslsgnrtdtruhtedahand death the through generated salts of presence the of because was water 2 beels ttesbufc ee ftewtrwsi ofimto fteobservation the of confirmation in was water the of level subsurface the at aeswsosre ob ihntepoutrange. product the within be to observed was waters tal et ,15)a ela eopsto fogncmte brought matter organic of decomposition as well as 1959) ., 51 tal et ,17) h pcfi odciiyvalues conductivity specific The 1977). ., beel 2 n Saguna and s suulyasn.Teaalbefree available The absent. usually is beel beel a lasblwdetection below always was s s Gsai 1985). (Goswami, s s beel beel ,dsovdF-CO2 dissolved s, s uigteperiod the during s tal et ., Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. od.GlmnadHre(93 oe httentaelvluulyfudi aua ae oisi up is productive bodies for water favorable natural as in ppm found 0.2 usually above level in harmful. those nitrate those not productivity, and the is productivity, that and poor average noted ppm of of 1 (1983) indicative values to Horne ppm as the and in considered 0.2 (1991), Goldman zero be to Jhingran to may to ponds. 0.1 fall According ppm of lake, 0.1 lakes. range oligotrophic below mesotrophic the in nitrogen an and limiting organic in urea, become dissolved constant nitrate, not of almost nitrite, do ammonia, remain and of levels lakes, forms Nitrate combined eutrophic the compounds. in present organic indicated is dissolved nitrogen level environment, aquatic nitrate the study. in In the nutrient trend with the agreement fluctuation richer in of The comparatively is concentration were which systems the monsoon effect. the of the large, dilution studied condition while and the range eutrophic the By seasons, the the of 2.2.). in winter to higher 4. because and mesotrophic comparatively & was lower summer seasonal 2.1 it comparatively the with while, 4. was during Kole, and - (Tables in value system Saguna ppm nitrate to in 1.5 ppm in - system 1.3 0.3 between from was to relationship nutrient varied 0.8 the direct of nitrate of a water-soluble level observed The of and changes. values year the a water inorganic in investigation, in combined content (Chakrabarti seasons present of nitrate population different form of phytoplankton during abundant fluctuation and most and the nitrate the places monitored have usually different investigators is at Many water. and subsurface bodies nitrogen streams. with of and along lakes form soil in oxidized the nitrogen highly through most freely moves the ions, is metal It or phosphate, ammonia, unlike Nitrate dilution. of because and season Nitrate-Nitrogen variations monsoon 5.2.7 the the seasonal into during distinct 31-50 declined brought of exhibited gradually washing range content Chloride land the chloride Saguna in to culture. chloride in due of fish levels levels probably freshwater The higher for comparatively 2000). Bhattacharjya, ideal recorded and considered (Sugunan are zone Ganges ppm lower the of selected s the fertility. of soil concentrations by Chloride influenced directly was variable Content quality Chloride water of phosphorus 5.2.6 available the and pattern that (0.809) suggesting carbon similar organic (0.898), a with soils during correlation followed direct in declined the significant parameters September. a sharply to had in levels These conductivity related levels Their specific lowest are respectively. April-May. the parameters reaching during anions three season, recorded and these monsoon values It all the cations, minimal since waters. with ions, natural fluctuation, natural total is seasonal the the which of of (0.707), constituents 400 hardness sum solid - total the 250 and of 128.0 (r=0.762) as concentration to range 58.2 total optimum from the ranges an indicates related reported conductivity other been and Specific 400 potentialities has above production It conductivity of specific bodies. order that the water opined in respective was comparatively values of Saguna. was conductance parameters water in specific lower of the in conductivity comparatively in disparity was specific low This same the comparatively the ecosystems, whereas the two winter, whereas and the and Kole water Among summer in of year. seasons, higher conductivity the dry specific of during high spell higher to monsoon large, and moderate by maintained were, investigation values under ecosystems the All productivity. biological codn oWlh 14) h te hnsbigeul h ihrabd feetoye h rae its greater the electrolytes of body a richer the equal, being things other the (1948), Welch, to According scnttet fpoen irgnocpe ihyipratpaei nautcecosystem. aquatic an in place important highly a occupies nitrogen protein, of constituents As beels eewti h rdcierne(aeja 97 n pia o h rwho plankton of growth the for optimal and 1967) (Banerjea, range productive the within were μ /mi Kole in S/cm beel beel 1.-2. p)wr lgtylwrta hs fother of those than lower slightly were ppm) 29.4 (12.8- s s μ /mde o ii rfvrproductivity. favor or limit not does S/cm .I a infiatpstv orlto ihttlalkalinity total with correlation positive significant a had It s. beel beel beel GlmnadHre 93.Tentaecnet in contents nitrate The 1983). Horne, and (Goldman s s tal et 52 h ihs hoiecnetrcre nMywas May in recorded content chloride highest The . ysraernffdrn r-oso hwr.The showers. pre-monsoon during runoff surface by ,15;Bomc,16;Saha 1968; Bhowmick, 1959; ., tal et ,17) nthe In 1971). ., μ /mand S/cm beel s Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ag.I h rsn td,tepopaevle eemc oe oprdt h irt ausi all in water- values nitrate of the function optimum to a their compared is lower in much body are were area water nutrients values catchment essential the phosphate the the other of of study, soils of production present of concentrations the Primary the leaching the In the from when 1961). range. comes phosphorus Heron, body inorganic 1947; water soluble the (Swingle, in rains phosphorus by of supply main The phosphate-phosphorus floodwater 5.2.8 to attributed rain be to may due Kole September probably in in was recorded observed levels June nitrate-nitrogen peak and productive. average minor April higher the Comparatively during observed while inflow. levels catchment Kole in nitrate-nitrogen from Saguna ppb) in washings in 105.6 increase (average ppb) marked ppb 98.4 The (Average 225 ppb to 220 22 to from ranged concentrations Nitrate-nitrogen ewe i n . p Hthno,15) aywres(hwik 98 aeosre direct a observed have 1968) (Bhowmick, workers Many common ranges a it is high; 1957). generally silica (Hutchinson, not Although is ppm freshwater nutrients. in 7.5 other concentration and and silicate the phosphorus, nil surface, nitrogen, between earth’s of the cycle on largely the mineral from different very is Boneto Silicate sediment. the 5.2.9 resuspension. from nutrients sediment of and release nutrient and action the condition attributed wind anoxic (1987) from hypolimnetic Lewis to turbulence and it to Hamilton attributed sediment water (1984) to Amazonia. due low Central increased during concentrations of nutrient enrichment lakes water, floodwater less high during in (including that waters. resuspension the level observed natural (1990) water of submerged Fisher in of flood/high soils and decomposition phosphorus Melack primary first and of death of the the leaching mineralization. the sources of to subsequent by the attributed their main period to be element and also the the due nutrient macrophytes may during June) of partly important in recorded one recorded be this nutrients levels is may nitrate-nitrogen of of which July levels utilization floodwater, in high the Such and/or recorded of levels rain study, cycle phosphate by present catchment peak the the The in to variation related seasonal producers. sediment. be of in responsible pattern may were phosphorus fluctuating nutrients which and irregular and nitrogen, an Such matter available exhibited organic carbon, period. Phosphate-phosphorus allochthonous organic post-monsoon the of the of the levels from that during nutrients higher with 1990; reflected of the along amount Lewis, for being runoff considerable and is surface a (Hamilton which of received months, bodies ingress lakes water monsoon the the during investigation, among run-off present factor and catchment the distinguishing flood In of major 1991). cycle a annual Amoros, is the by connectivity (Junk influenced water or contents. are river inputs phosphate wetlands of and incursion the floodplain good, periodic of of the as resulting characteristics respect that ppm the the suggests in 0.1 setting, it to products natural (1946) 0.05 a good Moyle, (iii) In to by productive, fair (i) productive from fairly as from good as release rated classified very ppm phosphorus values as be 0.05 of phosphate ppm might to The 0.2 rate 0.02 to productive,(ii) the 1972). low 0.1 controlling Goldman, as (iv) 1970; in ppm (Munawar, 0.02 role zone to important photic 0 play the recorded to to was sediment known phosphate concentration the of and summer level The oxygen minimum the The dissolved system. all other in the seasons. the season other to to monsoon compared compared the ppb higher in always 220 was to nutrient 28 this phosphate of of level lower a recorded beels clgclypopou stems rtclsnl ureti h aneac fautcproductivity. aquatic of maintenance the in nutrient single critical most the is phosphorus Ecologically csses h ee fpopaews2 o30pbi aua oewihi noe system open an is which Kole Saguna. in ppb 360 to 20 was phosphate of level The ecosystems. h ecieslct spoal h nyfr vial o lntncgot.Teslc cycle silica The growth. planktonic for available form only the probably is silicate reactive The beels csses h hsht yl fthe of cycle phosphate The ecosystems. beel ,wihwr ihntedsrbelmt o s production. fish for limits desirable the within were which s, tal et 53 ,18) aito nfeunyaddrto friver of duration and frequency in Variation 1989). ., el s beels beel beel niaeta ti more is it that indicate s a ncreainwith correlation in was ne investigation under s s beel n rm40 from and s tal et ., Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. hra,ta ntemdrtl cd(H55t .)o nmdrtl laie(H75t .)aeaein average 8.5) to favorable, 7.5 most (pH alkaline was moderately 7.5), in to or 6.5 6.5) (pH to range 5.5 neutral (pH study. the present acid in the moderately in reaction the reflected soil been in also the that has that whereas, which the system, believed of the productivity (1967) of the Banerjea nature hence, productive neutral. and the to water of indicative acidic the is always of This was composition pH chemical soil the The influences system. soil aquatic bottom of pH The 5.3.2.1 ones. closed attributes the %). Chemical than (87-93 5.3.2 clay sand of of (14%) percentage the percentage high high However, a comparatively have productivity. They two rich extent. between for great features a associated to the similarity bottom As the geological and of have type they bodies wetlands bottom water investigated in significantly the but or As differ totality lake may in dynamics a not area of though of result restricted understudy a composition composition. lakes’ as in soil The lakes static differences The in lake. never the inherent the is shown is have outside sources depth that different processes and characteristics and and line some lake processes water varying the shore through - within of (Tables sedimentation operating modification waters to The hold-up exposed to permanent. is of support and it percentage productivity as moderate rich a basin, for possessing The symbolic and is alluvial hand, being other 4.3.2). texture the closed & the are on 4.3.1 these bottom, which virtue, their clay their By of and of wetlands. of respect silt associations floodplain in respect Gangetic different other same in biologically each the studied of to of components and been succession the reason, type have constitute a this bodies bottom lakes with water for in of together significantly and number basin The differ factors large the may organisms. various of a lakes of Eventually, evaluation two contribution and area, also. development resultant restricted feature the a associated is within lake bottom Even a exists. of variation composition great soil bottom The texture Soil 5.3.1.1 attributes Physical 5.3.1 Paulo, CHARACTERISTICS Sao of SEDIMENT lake 5.3 floodplain a and lakes plain) (flood ‘Varzea’ Amazonian the in like Brazil. (1984) macrophytes in Furch submerged by the However, observed turbidity, was estab- and level be water the in recognized. not lata in rise nutrients sudden well could surface these the rain-induced parameters of with is indicating Further, source rainfall, two diatoms primary with the the (r=0.668) of relation be between direct to significant production relationship runoff/floodwater a direct had the Silicate-silica significant in lished. a silicate-silica investigation, of present - importance Tables two ppm) in The 10.8 low – was (4 silicate 1968). Kole (Bhowmick, of in concentration production winter planktonic monsoon by The followed the ppm) 2.2). in 10.8 observation, level 4. – present & (4 the 2.1 Saguna In in 4. body. summer water during the maximum was in the in population concentration diatom silicate and the content silicate between relationship hc rwaudnl nthe in abundantly grow which , olpH Soil beel beel oecnan oeaepretg fsl n ly h etr salva hc sasymbol a is which alluvial is texture the clay, and silt of percentage moderate a contains Kole a bevdt emc bv h iiigcnetaino . p n a aoal for favorable was and ppm 0.5 of concentration limiting the above much be to observed was beels cssesudrivsiainhv elgclsmlrt oagetetn ic these since extent great a to similarity geological have investigation under ecosystems beels beel beel beel aesddntso uhvrain h ocnrto fteelement the of concentration The variation. much show not did waters sdet h otiuino aiu atr,wihee ihna within even which factors, various of contribution the to due is s ,dcyadrlaentinst h ae.Asmlrphenomenon similar A water. the to nutrients release and decay s, s beel oeudrtd hw oevrain steopen the as variation, some shows understudy Kole osiuetecmoeto h aeGnei floodplain Gangetic same the of component the constitute s s 54 beel beels s. ytm.Hwvr h silicate the However, systems. yrlaverticil- Hydrilla beel aea have beel s. Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. opudwt rnadauiu n ihclimudrakln odto,rnestepopaeion phosphate the renders condition, soluble form alkaline soil under in to calcium ion and -3 with productivity PO4 in and fact element the aluminum of critical and Because most iron the 1977). with (Jhingran, be phosphate to compound total considered than is important more bottom 33 be the (21- in value phosphorus available higher The a has in Kole levels and phosphorus nitrogen soil) Available The 5.3.2.4 of mg/100g 4.3.2). 28 & - 1967). 4.3.1 (18 (Banerjea, - (Carney value productivity (Tables functions lower ecosystem soil) a for of has nutrient mg/100g primary Saguna study, the present 1981). being the Brown, factors, In and limiting nitrogen. be available to called considered are are proteins the in decomposable nitrogen easily available and peptides, acids, carbon amino organic wetlands respectively the an % Thus with 3.1 1967). soil 1.2- Banerjea, was 1946; that nitrogen (Moyle, it Available reported productive Kole 5.3.2.3 considered been in is has while productive. above % considered It or % 7.9 be 2.5 of could to (2011-13). to wetlands 3.9 investigation 1.5 selected from of under the ranged content period it in winter. variations wetland the in Saguna microbes Spatio-temporal during by In exhibited the matter considerably all organic Bengal. sediment West for of winter in rate during in rated carbon recorded % decomposition Organic always 4.8 of was to lowering carbon Kumar 3.8 the organic from in to (1968). different of ranged Bhowmick due level level values by during study high observed carbon carbon and A as organic organic carbon where Kalyani. places observation observed organic at of similar of The a peaks change of reported the pattern (1985) 1968). definite with (Bhowmick, a workers indicated system fluctuation various aquatic recorded by an always reported in was the been carbon carbon closed has a organic organic is seasons of which of level 3.9%), fluctuation high to the A The (0.6 all flushing, Saguna for body. river of season sediment water to summer the macrophyte-infested exposed the in high during and in recorded system a was estimated open carbon with was organic an system carbon of is level organic carbon. which highest organic Kole, of The 0.72%) the level – study, the (0.48 present low When the incredibly carbon In had compound. Organic seasons. chemical system. of certain aquatic change a the in of elements part the trace integral some an including is nutrients releasing besides processes carbon two Organic the in 5.3.2.2 pH soil The 8.1). to (7.5 wider the was on pH working soil (2000) in variation Das of range the Further, favorable Saguna presents of regulation sediments. Soils river Kole bottom to of in due regimes lacking hydrological exchange/mixing nutrients prevailing water for The reduced conditions and years. hyacinth the water over by later infestation the in nutrients and Kole matter than indicative phosphorus thus available were and 7.0) nitrogen, available - (6.0 soil the in Saguna investigated recorded values the pH in the productivity study, high present the of In productivity. of terms el system beels beel a oad h ihrsd n ihnteucnuierne(aeja 97.Teseasonal The 1967). (Banerjea, range unconducive the within and side higher the towards was s beel rai abnat sasuc feeg o h irbsrsosbefrvrosbiochemical various for responsible microbes the for energy of source a as acts carbon Organic eoddmrial ihrsi Ha ela osdrbylwrlvlo rai carbon, organic of level lower considerably a as well as pH soil higher marginally recorded s irgni h qai ytmi rsn nmsl nrai om h rcinpeetas present fraction the form, inorganic mostly in present is system aquatic the in Nitrogen beel tdsicl hwdadffrnei t otn rmoesse oteohradwt the with and other the to system one from content its in difference a showed distinctly it , a oprtvl ihrp ees(vrl vrg .)ta hto Kole of that than 7.9) average (overall levels pH higher comparatively had s el sediment beels beel fWs eglhsrpre iia Ho soil. of pH similar a reported has Bengal West of s s beels a ayn ncnetain.Tentaeadaalbephosphorus available and nitrate The concentrations. in varying was el s, beels ytm ne study. under systems hc ofim h study. the confirms which 55 beel ,wihsget rda cuuaino organic of accumulation gradual suggests which s, beel eewti h ag ffavorable of range the within were s s beel beel a neutral. was s s beel ytm under systems beels ieheavy like s tal et beel located (7.7). s ,1993 ., Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h tblt fteeoytmcnb tde ycmaigteseisdvriyo ieetcommunities different of diversity species the comparing by studied be can ecosystem the of stability conforms The which Bihar in lakes diversity plain Species flood 5.4.1.1 of during Jha type population closed zooplankton. study. the plankton u/l. by present in maximum 40,836 predominated the population recorded to winter with plankton whereas also higher during 281 Saguna, (1988) a whereas plankton in higher recorded Bhowmik phytoplankton the summer manyfold (1997) by during Kole. recorded was predominated more in they it season recorded winter Thus, summer summer was during in population water. higher plankton whereas was run-off the u/l) it thereafter or observation, 4,658 increased flood present to which the incoming nutrients (25 In inorganic monsoon the winter utilizing southwest by established during the in population population brought during plankton matter level the 5.17%) lower organic and to stable and a (3.04 becomes at Saguna environment in Bengal the encountered West when of were of Sugunan dominance Protozoans 4.04. wetlands The 92.33%). 50.0%). to plain to 23.07%). - 0.37 (23.07 (16.21 to and Kole (2.25 Kole 13.46 by Kole and to followed 7.69 and 70.97%) were 5.86%) - systems to (52.02 respective (2.25 the Saguna in in zooplankton encountered of group this of by percentage 15.30%). minimum - (7.69 The Saguna in 60.0%). - (32.6 Kole and zooplankton, the Among The (1.0-3.7%). The the Kole by (6). group. contribution of Saguna percentage this percentage in The under The minimum species and 41.0%). of - (15) (38.0 Kole number group, in lower phytoplanktonic maximum Kole the was while Among zooplankton Saguna of in species species of number of total number maximum closed the The by under identified. species number were of the group families ). system, respect (Table 29 open Kole in the and in In Dominance genera 20 21). 51 to (Saguna: restricted to families was more belonging families with plankters of population of plankton the species harbored 62 systems systems, 2 the the in population plankton The structure study Planktonic the on 5.4.1.1 based is observation This communities soil). productive. Biotic of of indicative g 5.4.1 and /100 findings mg the 10.08 with weed-infested of to agreement number moderately in (traces large but one a closed open on in weed-chokedmade in and higher highest closed soil), and in of Sugunan soil), lowest g were range. mg/100 values productive 3.18 the phosphorus high that available indicates the moderately parameters, which ppm to nutrient wetlands). 1.0 productive, and medium (Kole highly 0.5 mg/100g ppm in between 0.48 100 productive; were to than poorly is higher 0.24 ppm sediment and from 0.5 the wetlands); productive than to less (Saguna phosphorus as for g available well having mg/100 sink as Soil 0.58 a P water to & the as 0.24 N to act of from back 60% range macrophytes them to the aquatic releases up withdrawing decomposition compared lakes, phase their in shallow growth after (Donk low their in and much during that sediment (P), was the documented Phosphorus sediment from and well the (N) is in nitrate content It both nutrients, phosphorus Available nitrogen. available phase. to water the to unavailable Cyanophyceae tal et ,19) vial hshrscneti eietpaei h eetdwtad utae to fluctuated wetlands selected the in phase sediment in content phosphorus Available 1993). ., eeams neulnme ntetoecosystems. two the in number equal in almost were Dianophyceae Copepods Cladocerans el s beels beel Cyanophyceae fWs egladeetal,tepeetosraini,b n large, and by is, observation present the eventually, and Bengal West of otiue oprtvl nhge ecnaei aua(60-62.0%) - (26.0 Saguna in percentage higher in comparatively contributed ytm a ies nrseto pce n ouaindniy From density. population and species of respect in diverse was systems s Chlorophyceae Bacillariophyceae ouainwr eoddi oe(. .% n aua(. 2.2%). - (0.5 Saguna and 3.0%) - (0.0 Kole in recorded were population eepeeti oeadSgn nyadtepretg contribution percentage the and only Saguna and Kole in present were tal et Chlorophyceae ,20)osre ouaino ht n opako nflood in zooplankton and phyto of population observed .,(2000) ouainwscmaaieyhg nKl 8. 89.0%). - (88.0 Kole in high comparatively was population osiue oprtvl ihrpretg nSaguna in percentage higher comparatively a constituted 56 Copepods a aiu nSgn 6080)admnmmin minimum and (6.0-8.0%) Saguna in maximum was a ntesse aua h pce ne the under species The Saguna. system the in was tal et ,(00 eotdta ncnrs oother to contrast in that reported (2000) ., ntezolntnpplto a recorded was population zooplankton the in el s beels Bacillariophyceae tae o76m 10gof g /100 mg 7.6 to (traces el s beels Rotifers ne investigation under el s beels a represented was Ostracods a nKole in was tae to (traces were Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. vntog ieetpako a ieetevrnetlrqieet.Tepeaec flwplankton low of prevalence The requirements. nearly environmental 2000), of different Bhattacharjya, assemblage and has diverse Sugunan plankton a 1987; Yadava, of different 1985; consists Goswami, though 1983; but even (Lahon, plankton groups of taxonomic concentration major 1978). poor all Boyd, the and 623 by (Almazan characterized and yield was generally fish 863 It of being assessment lakes. the population productivity the for several plankton correlate from for Thus, biological yield The yield. food dynamic fish fish natural a and of as are production used portion plankton zooplankton dead be between considerable and relationship can of phytoplankton a direct use a the efficient supporting that making Both thereby Thus reported in species, lakes. role (detritus). fish vital in matter biotic a with planktivorous matter organic play detritus organic of and Zooplanktons hand, reserve living phytoplankton levels. other huge linking and trophic the consumer, the primary higher On on or occupying as macrophytes. producer communities well aquatic secondary system. with as the chain together is phytoplankton food pyramid zooplankton chemical the the ecological of on in form the feeds consumers the of zooplankton primary in base the energy the while for physical forms fixing food phytoplankton, Plankton Besides Functionally, as under served other. groups. also comes each or phytoplankton from which classes different the different matter are energy from groups organic assembled broad nutrients synthesize two animalcules inorganic these action. microscopic and rich wind the the the ecosystem includes of with lake along those use zooplankton move make comprises the and (chlorophyll) plankton water in pigments the the photosynthetic available with ecosystems, the along carrying aquatic drift autotrophs In which The fauna, wandering. and means florae aquatic population microscopic plankton the total Greek, of occurrence In 4.4.16.12). the with to correlation 4.4.16.1 significant showing - (r=0.983) (Table phosphorus rotifers bicarbonate phosphate close (r=-0.6954), and pH 0.6501) bear =0.8686), = (r to (r p oxygen dissolved nitrate 0.5080; temperature(r=-0.9795), observed soil = and indicated parameters (r levels Saguna, nutrient in sediment Kole,( growth and planktonic plankton on Sa- the impact in between oxygen dissolved correlation and Similar plankton the between same the Kole, of best plank- the with guna, indicated silicate temperature, population and depth, phosphate, plankton like nitrate, and available alkalinity, water the pH, carbon, the of oxygen, organic population dissolved of like ton dioxide, properties characteristics carbon Physico-chemical sediment free of and flow, water impact phosphorus nutrient the available also indicated and and findings nitrogen, mechanism the replenishment of overview the while comparing The similar on sources. more When a allochthonous depending are As and systems structure closed autochthonous significant. Kole. planktonic the from very by that in was supply confirmed followed correlation differ 4.4.8.7) the to Saguna systems 4.4.8.1 seasons in - open the (Table values between seasons relative population the the planktonic whole, between the of significant relationship most the was similarity The coefficient Beaver Similarity by 5.4.1.2 irrespectively encountered systems variations. were many the observations shown all have Similar in Bengal diversity systems. Physico-chemical species other closed the al and or augmented This oxygen, investigation. open penetration dissolved of solar temperature, waterof period favorable the the closed with during besides a system season 4.4.8.7). parameters the is winter in to which the diversity 4.4.8.1 species that Saguna, – uniform indicates (Tables in indicate diversity values diversity the species Saguna lower species In comparatively maximum had the Kole revealed system The study body. The 1989). (Sugunan, ,(00 eotdta iest nie nrseto opakesi different in zooplankters of respect in indices diversity that reported (2000) ., beel r r r .38(al ..61t 4.4.16.12). to 4.4.16.1 (Table 0.5328 = .14 ihntaei Kole, in nitrate with 0.6154; = ne h rsn td eoddpo rdcino lntn ihteaeaettlplankton total average the with plankton, of production poor recorded study present the under s s .00.Banik 0.5010). = beels tal et csses h orlto sdanbtenwtradsdmn characteristic sediment and water between drawn is correlation The ecosystems. ,(94 lomd iia tep ocreaertfr ihtelimnological the with rotifers correlate to attempt similar made also (1994) ., μ - nKl n Saguna and Kole in l-1 r .70adslct nKole in silicate and 0.5740 = 57 < .1 n oe ( Kole, and 0.01) beel respectively. s r , .57 Saguna 0.6537; = r .18 n hshrsin phosphorus and 0.5198) = Beel tal et beel oei etBna is Bengal West in Kole fSuhadNorth and South of s s ,(99.Sugunan (1989). ., r , .54and 0.5574 = et Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. a o nytesnl atrfrgetraudne u tas eed nterqieeto temperature of requirement the the on favored depends also also temperature winter it higher but of that phytoplankton. abundance, evident temperature greater of was low for groups It and the factor different maxima. however, (December single by to the wetlands, Kole leading only Kole phytoplankton January), not and of was September, groups Saguna (May, certain of of Saguna coincided case proliferation generally like the was Bengal regime In West of high-temperature May). wetlands in relatively determining phytoplankton a of factor abundance with phytoplankton. the greater and study is present general temperature the in In that organisms observed aquatic of significant (1960) into distribution Byars the taken seasonal be of the plankton. should one simultaneously, studying acting was while macrophytes, factors, Bengal, consideration environmental of West and phytoplankton. infestation biological, of in Heavy Physico-chemical, diversity understudy Several and sediments. the wetlands abundance the the of poor from macrophytes the both directly Bihar, bulk for nutrients Begusarai, in wherein factors the wetland, ones, trend Kawartal of free-floating in similar bulk (Yadava, that, especially the phytoplankton a observed consume of indicated also abundance to 1996b) wetlands poor used (1996a, the the Sharma to both and of leading Sinha macrophytes, findings in by the nutrients used to was of compared nutrients pattern as small utilization relatively The was as size such community (1995). wetlands, Mukhopadhyaya the 1168.00 other and but Sugunan to – structure similar community no./l similar almost 1024.17 a was of CIFRI, structure range community of the > the in findings of phytoplankton %) the texture (34.10 of Bacillariophyceae qualitative with structure The community corroborates a no./l. wetland indicated Saguna wetland in Kole Bacillariophyceae of 103). The dominance No. 2000(Bull %) no./l. The (35.32 1546.25 – Bacillariophyceae 13. no./l of 1349.23 sequence from (21.08%) a ranged phyceae followed wetland abundance Saguna of of grow trend population such phytoplankton abundance as average specific efficiently, under: wetland The being as more The Macrophytes are sunlight 1971). phytoplankton the nutrients, (Boyd, 2001). of influencing phytoplankton available (Wetzel, fluctuation of P), the and another proliferation (N: used the to nutrients shadowing have system of almost and might rapidly, one manifestation sunlight autotrophs from a to dominant phytoplankton water, respect the of ambient competition in quality the strong could phytoplankton exhibited and in wetlands reason and abundance phosphate The the primary macrophytes and nutrients. in The the the nitrate poor locking between of invariably thereby ecosystems. macrophytes concentration was macrophyte-dominated of low phytoplankton two of dominance usually of the greater case short, abundance to typical is numerical attributed span a the life be Bengal, however, their West as general, of rapidly longer In recycled wetlands a are for less. them phytoplankton retain or by and up weeks growth in used their Kole nutrients phytoplankton for nutrients both while of absorb in period, rapidly dominance macrophytes population (1971), responsible the Boyd plankton be to reported total According to (1987) the identified Yadava dominated be (1985), toplankton can Goswami community. factor plankton (1983), ecological the single Lahon of no production that and acting in population. complex growth plankton circumstances phytoplankton the so the environmental of for are poor fluctuations and processes the in biological, studying biological while Physico-chemical, resulted The consideration several into vegetation taken be macro peaks. should simultaneously of four growth to three profuse showed a by nutrients the of utilization The Baruah, 1995; Ahamed and Sinha, of Siddiqui findings the corroborates density iohca (5.84%) Dinophyceae beel (Yadava > tal et ulnpyee(9.24%) Euglenophyceae ,18) ntepeetsuy esnlvraino h oa lntnpopulation plankton total the of variation seasonal study, present the In 1987). ., > > atohca 16% uig21-3 h rsn nigtog indicated though finding present The 2011-13. during (1.66%) Xanthophyceae yohca (30.52%) Myxophyceae tal et ,(1993). ., tal et > iohca (5.08%) Dinophyceae ,19;DtaMnh n ig 93 95 hwi 1985; Bhowmik 1995; 1993, Singh and Munshi Dutta 1992; ., 58 > hoohca (20.72%) Chlorophyceae > beel atohca 20% uig2011- during (2.03%) Xanthophyceae 7 )adSaguna and %) (73 s > yohca 2.5%) (27.25 Myxophyceae > ulnpyee(7.45%) Euglenophyceae beel tal et beel 6 %). (68 s > ,1987). ., .Phy- s. Chloro- Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. the Kole in group (Acharjee, (Shetty dominant penetration light most for the areas spp was exposed which higher Bacillariophyceae, bearing repre- 1997). decomposition commonly annual was sunlight, open after of strands penetration in vegetation the to (1987a) exposed waters Yadava by in sented competitor by successful prevai- most the reported is lentic) which closed trend other and the in de lotic with occurrence (both ceae in conditions is ecological el which diverse Bacillariophyceae, of and open growth ceae this macrophytes in higher ling of se geographical Kole unstable phytoplankton. peri- relatively of because and logical, turbidity colonization allochthonous is the higher which hindering with rainfall, associated conditions to were related rainfall inversely higher sunlight, was phytoplankton of phyto- abundance to of ods phytoplankton and related case, penetration is present phosphate the the silicon between In (1993), besides obtained Alikunhi plankton was to relation of Phospha- According study. significant recognized. abundance present productivity. no well and the However, is in growth bearing. phytoplankton population the plankton direct of in a abundance role had and regulatory which growth a periods the the were plays in However, which nutrients te observed. August, of and abundance. be importance phytoplankton December could The in in peaks relationship higher secondary comparatively such and was no primary water of study, of present content oxygen the dissolved during Saha (Alikunhi 1965; considerably oxygen Bhattacharjya, of dissolved fluctuated production and of Increased values Moitra temperature. higher 1956; with with Srivastava, plankton associated in generally variation is seasonal (24-31 phytoplankton correlate not Saguna could in (1967) Imevore recorded was algae blue-green community. of phytoplankton (26-35.5 growth range increased study, high-temperature present the (15-30 In production. ° range diatom diatoms. temperature for of Lewis, optimum necessary of th 1986; is concentrations the (Talling, which in investigated lakes increase Silica, (1956) an temperate not Cairns to but in leads N, than commonly Total lake enrichment and tropical Nutrient P a 1979). changetotal monsoon Melack, in abrupt in 1996; frequent The runoff 1978b, more surface 2001). 1978a, through (Wetzel are loading lakes water turbidity phytoplankton nutrients temperate macrophyte-dominated of increased mixing; to vertical biomass in and wind-induced total compared inhabited like the as communities lakes, generally high biotic tropical often is in In are phytoplankton acid. photosynthesis. productivity in carbonic of primary decrease of proliferation and a rates form to the Higher the leading that thereby in temperature. rainwater fact bodies, the through a lowering influence when is its increases It indicate water monsoon in during oxygen dioxide of carbon solubility reported of the been that has stated oxygen (1961) dissolved of concentration al higher (Alikunhi a workers with several by phytoplankton of production Increased iio ntewtrbd u otefs elto fdsi ims.Snetemxmlaudneof abundance maximal the Since biomass. desmid of depletion fast the to Dhir due of that body with water agreement the in in is silicon finding above The )ascae ihaszal ouaino itm nrltvl ihwtrtmeaue ept the Despite temperature. water high relatively in diatoms of population sizeable a with associated C) ,17) uigtepeetivsiain oee,n uhc-eainhpcudb salse.Reid established. be could co-relationship such no however, investigation, present the During 1971). ., .O h te ad h oiac fClrpyeewsosre nSaguna in observed was Chlorophyceae of dominance the hand, other the On s. s ., beel > > eoiaspp Melosira Bacillariophyceae Chlorophyceae beel n a omnyrpeetdby represented commonly was and s s tal et prgr p. eisrmspp., Pediastrum spp., Spirogyra upre ihrnme fpyolntntx hnSaguna than taxa phytoplankton of number higher a supported ,16) aaa 97;Ahre,19) yohca a h hr otdmnn ru in group dominant most third the was Myxophyceae 1997). Acharjee, 1987a; Yadava, 1961); ., and . beel beel > Myxophyceae ftevle Lhn 93 owm,18;Ahre,19) h Chlorophyceae, The 1997). Acharjee, 1985; Goswami, 1983; (Lahon, valley the of s s h htpako omnt tutr bevdi Kole in observed structure community phytoplankton The . > aiuaspp Navicula Myxophyceae tal et ,15;DsadSiatv,15;Mir n htahre,16;Saha 1965; Bhattacharjee, and Moitra 1956; Srivastava, and Das 1955; ., ° )i oe ailrohca a o h oiatgopaogthe among group dominant the not was Bacillariophyceae Kole, in C) > emdaee nrseto eaieaudnesoe h dominance the showed abundance relative of respect in Desmidiaceae) ntepeetsuy ailrohca curdi l h months the all in occurred Bacillariophyceae study, present the in . > Euglenophyceae and ircsi spp Microcystis ogtaspp Mougotia 59 beel > tal et emdaee ofrswt h bevto ma- observation the with conforms Desmidiaceae) Ydv,18a,wihidctsuiiainof utilization indicates which 1987a), (Yadava, oiac a edet h euto nold in reduction the to due be may Dominance . ., ,17) ic h htpako population phytoplankton the Since 1971). ., nbeaspp Anabaena ° )a h otfvrbefrtegrow- the for favorable most the as C) beel a oiae by dominated was s ,and ., siltraspp Oscillatoria beel tal et beel beel rbbybecau- probably Bacillariophy- s ,15;Dsand Das 1955; ., (Chloorophy- s Fragillaria . be- et Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ihwtrtmeaue ahw(95 n ig 20)osre htcppdpouto eeddon depended production copepod that observed relationship va- (2000) supply. definite seasonal no Singh food indicated the and of study in availability any (1975) present factor the towards show the Mathew controlling in populations not temperature. the observed water be did copepod periodicity to with irregular of year, The temperature affinity the observed copepods. the (1954) of throughout wereriation reported Rao present they and (1987a) though Yadava also Ganapati water. and adults Copepods, warm in (1965) (45%). and Chen group (80%) periodicity. crustaceans food regular comprised dominant overwhelmingly most cm) (2-10 the catla Juvenile of Food onwards October from population plankton total catla the to copepods Saguna of in contribution closed percentage other Saguna the from in in reported observed trend observed the rotifers with of agreeable Kole dominance the in hand, structure heavy these community da in phytoplankton zooplankton to addition in The detritus zooplankton organic The the population. from phytoplankton food poor their a macrophytes-infested having of despite part population a plankton derived total population the of % 38.2 Kole to in zooplankton of population proper- chemical poor va, the a this revealed to in study related rich present was also The phytoplankton is 1971). density (Unni, zooplankton water the of availability, ties food facts. and above temperature the from corroborates Apart highest. (r=0.978) further the abundance always which phytoplankton not study, with was correlation present study, phytoplankton direct the present of high the abundance in exceedingly the In an phytoplankton. when had December of population in abundance (1961), Zooplankton relationship observed Wright the was seasonal on such to peak The dependent According no major chiefly 2000). phytoplankton. the study, is (Singh, of zooplankton India that present followed of of the abundance closely lakes seasonal the population in floodplain the zooplankton the But in the Physico- from factors of 1960). many made variation determining were by (Byars, observations the influenced population Similar of is observed. chain, one zooplankton was as food the considered aquatic of is the Temperature in distribution factors. link biological vital and a chemical is which 1987). community, (Hutchinson, zooplankton nature species The eutrophic 2 their and indicating of Dinophyceae, ones, Representation of closed wetlands. species the Chlorophy- the 1 of both Euglenophyceae, species from 30 of and Myxophyceae, recorded species of were 2 species Xanthophyceae) Bacillariophyceae, (15 of of phytoplankton species of 23 species 73 ceae, study present the water During (Kutkuhn, a Centrales. of total Bacillariophyceae existence and of eutrophic Euglenoids, the 8.6% Chlorococcales, , Myxophyceae, n.d.) and that by that 10% indicated stated is only (1958) body Kutkuhn contributed eutrophy. species towards desmids advancing algal The gradually blue-green oligotrophy. Kole the of in of in abundance presence characteristic increase phytoplankton The were an Similarly, eutrophication. desmids lakes. to (1956), oligotrophic related in been desmids has like of (23.5-26.1 Cyanophyceae the population temperature In of higher of ppm. abundance a range 110 reported lower to (1956) a 50 Rawson to be corresponded to Myxophyceae algae important blue-green of an for played biomass ° have range peak alkalinity to the Optimum seem study, variation. not present seasonal did their temperature December, in November- role during recorded was diatoms )adttlaklnt 3.86.6ppm). (30.08-68.36 alkalinity total and C) oieshv estl aaiyt uvv ndffrn niomnsa oeo hmfe nvarious on feed them of some as environments different in survive to capacity versatile a have Rotifers > tal et nbeaspp Anabaena Rotifera cndsu sp Scenedesmus r tce nthese in stocked fry ) ,(97.Hwvr Kole However, (1987). ., beel > ldcr) hc sacmo etr nthe in feature common a is which Cladocera), hc a erltdt h rdcinpesr rmteszal ubro al ( catla of number sizeable the from pressure prediction the to related be may which , and . a usata oaudn ntepako ape ftewtad,epcal from especially wetlands, the of samples plankton the in abundant to substantial was . beel ircsi spp Microcystis s. beel uigSeptember. during s beel beel iia bevtoswr aeb ao 18) owm 18) Yada- (1985), Goswami (1983), Lahon by made were observations Similar . beel upre osdrbyhge opako ouain contributing population, zooplankton higher considerably a supported n Saguna and s nthe in . beel niae hi urpi aue codn oRawson to According nature. eutrophic their indicated s s beel beel 60 beel beel epciey hc ugssta ohthe both that suggests which respectively, s ftelwrGne aly rda eln was decline gradual A Valley. Ganges lower the of s hwdtedmnneo oeos(Copepo- copepods of dominance the showed (Rotifer beel fGne alyO h other the On Valley Ganges of s s > Copepoda ogtasp Mougetia > Protozoa > ., ldcr)was Cladocera) eisrmsp Pediastrum beel although beel Catla are s . Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. td.Gog 16)adSnh(00 eoddmxmmpouto frtfr uigtesme season. due summer the like nutrients during forms organic rotifers present loricate of of the the production accumulation in maximum rotifers, November-December high recorded the during (2000) the Among occurred Singh and and abundance macrophytes (1966) rotifer George Peak of study. the decomposition. infestation in annual the rotifers their zooplankton raptorial of to to the as abundance attributed of relative described dominance be The its 1983). been may favored Lahon, have group 1969; others Michael, this 1966; of some nature while Saguna adaptive bacteria, in high community Such and 2000). detritus (Singh, on predators feed some phytoplanktons, lkni,K . huhr,HadRmcada . 95 ntemraiyo apfyi usr ponds nursery in fry carp growth. of and mortality survival the their On in 1955. planktons V., of of Ramachandra, beels role and the and H Choudhury, in H., fishyield K. and Alikunhi., Productivity C.1998. U. Goswami, Basin. and Brahmaputra. Dutta,A. lower M., Choudhury, B., Acharjee, research the permitting REFERENCES for the Barrackpore permitting Institute, for Research Barrackpore Institute, Fisheries Research work. Fisheries Inland Inland ICAR-Central ICAR-Central work. Director, to research grateful am Bacil- I as recorded was Bengal West of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT wetlands the in in organism periphyton (Kole). periphytic of nos/cm2 the abundance lariophyceae 503 The of and ecosystem. structure (Saguna) community aquatic nos/cm2 these The an 390 But of type, at matrix”. chain “mucopolysaccharide estimated presence, food a was the the Peri- in wetlands in water. embedded the concerning role the animals significant unique of and a clarity and/or plants have is and interaction, attached organisms lake nutrients, of grazer macrophytes, composed Each fish periphyton, availability. is a invertebrates, phyton light by grazing “top-down” fish, and the of nutrient from abundance by controlled be “bottom-up” to rich from known of is periods assemblage with Periphyton coincided population peak Periphyton their observation. 5.4.1.3 study, above present the the with In conforms supply. which phytoplankton, food the by (Pennak, determined protozoans of recorded growth 26.1 was the to protozoans for 23.5 range of of temperature biomass optimum range the temperature peak within a 1953). The lies Thus, which observations. study. growth, similar present their favor the made in have November-December (2000) during Singh and (1966) mrs . n .Bret.20.Cnetvt n icmlxt nwtroiso ieiefloodplains. riverine of waterbodies in biocomplexity and Connectivity 2002. Biology management. Bornette. Freshwater system G. river and for C., implications Amoros, and connectivity on or side in 2:105-112 Changes 1991. Lanka. C., Sri in Amoros, reservoir tropical a in production 85-93. Primary (2002). 487: J Vijverberg & PB Amarsinghe 1978) Boyd, & (Almazan 1978) Boyd, & (Almazan (1993) Alikunhi aiu okr Wih,16;Mcal 96 aesgetdta h est fcaoeasi primarily is cladocerans of density the that suggested have 1966) Michael, 1961; (Wright, workers Various > Myxophyceae 47(4):761–776. beel h rdmnneo oiesi omnfaueo ninfehaes(George, freshwaters Indian of feature common a is rotifers of predominance The . ninJ Fish J. Indian > Chlorophyceae ,4() 419-427 45(4): ., rcinsspp Brachionus > iclaeu Algae Miscellaneous ninj Fish. j. Indian 61 and . eael spp Keratella () 5-1 pp. 257-313 3(2): > Protozoa beel eepeoiat Michael predominant. were . > ne h rsn study present the under s s Rotifers. Hydrobiologia ° emdto seemed C River, Posted on Authorea 4 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161488579.96567612/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. oisi ae.Uie ttsEvrnetlPoeto gny ffieo eerhadDevelopment and Research of cyanobacteria Office of (GPRA) Agency, Act determination Results Protection Performance the Government Environmental #2. for Abstract: Goal Research States method Laboratory. United LC/MS Research Exposure eco- a National cypress water. findings: of research in transpiration Significant toxins and (2004) productivity, W. primary 4:403–427. 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