COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA RECLAMATION PLAN FOR THE TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE ULC TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT

February 2017 REV 1 687945 01-13283-GG-0000-CHE-RPT-0042 R1

Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC

Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. Suite 2700, 300 – 5th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 5J2 Ph: 403-514-6400

Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan Trans Mountain Expansion Project 687945/February 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) submitted a Facilities Application (the Application) to the National Energy Board (NEB) in December 2013 for the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project (“the Project” or “TMEP”). On May 19, 2016, Trans Mountain received the NEB’s Conditions for the Project. On November 29, 2016, the Government of Canada concluded the Project was in the public interest of Canada. A Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) and other authorizations allowing the Project to proceed, subject to 157 conditions, were issued and became effective on December 1, 2016.

The Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area (CSRA or Recreation Area) Reclamation Plan (the Reclamation Plan) was prepared to meet Trans Mountain’s commitments to reclaim all protected areas disturbed by the Project using best practices, in consultation with British Columbia (BC) Parks.

The Reclamation Plan is a site-specific plan that outlines the reclamation strategy and additional mitigation measures for areas in the Recreation Area that will be disturbed by activities related to the Project. The Recreation Area is located along the Coquihalla Highway, approximately 45 km northeast of Hope, BC, and contains a high diversity of plant communities and wildlife species. The Recreation Area also provides outdoor recreation opportunities for southern BC residents and tourists. The Project crosses the Recreation Area for a total of 12.8 km, from Project kilometer posts (KP) KP 989.3 to KP 1002.16.

The Reclamation Plan builds on the Pipeline Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) and the general reclamation measures that are included in the Reclamation Management Plan (Section 9.0, Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans). The Reclamation Plan:

 aligns with information from other relevant Trans Mountain Management Plans (Table 1.2);

 addresses Trans Mountain commitments related to Project activities in BC provincial parks and protected areas (Table 1.3);

 includes results from engagement with Aboriginal groups and consultation with BC Parks, stakeholders and the general public, and considers interests and concerns specific to reclamation of the Recreation Area (Appendix A); and

 is consistent with the objectives of the BC Parks CSRA Master Plan (Section 3.1).

The overall objective of the Project reclamation program is to maintain and, where applicable, improve terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and landscapes by re-establishing ecological processes and functionality (Section 1.3). In the Recreation Area, Trans Mountain, in consultation with BC Parks, will typically be responsible for the establishment of an early seral stage and successional trajectory of the native plant communities.

Pre-construction and construction mitigation related to reclamation that is detailed in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) is outlined in Section 5.1 and Section 5.2, respectively, and post-construction reclamation measures for the CSRA are detailed in Section 5.3. The majority of the reclamation work will occur post-construction. Objectives of post-construction measures are to prevent environmental degradation and enhance wildlife and recreational use of the pipeline construction footprint.

Monitoring the reclamation measures conducted in the Recreation Area will be a component of the Project Post-Construction Environmental Monitoring (PCEM) Program. Surveys conducted during the PCEM Program will document the establishment of seeded and naturally regenerating species, the survival of planted species and the presence and abundance (species distribution and density) of invasive plant species. Monitoring plots will be established in the Recreation Area. Additional monitoring of reclamation measures completed for the special habitat features will also be monitored. PCEM will occur one full growing season after reclamation and again in year three and year five. Issues that are identified during the monitoring program will be addressed and remedial work will be conducted, in consultation with BC Parks. Follow-up plans will be developed, if warranted, to verify that the activities and other works identified in the Reclamation Plan are effective.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1 1.2 Goals and Management Objectives of the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan ...... 3 1.3 Links to Other Trans Mountain Environmental Plans ...... 4 1.4 Commitment Management ...... 5 1.5 Regulatory Guidance ...... 6 1.5.1 Federal Standards ...... 6 1.5.2 Provincial Standards ...... 6 2.0 CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT SUMMARY ...... 7 3.0 COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA SETTING ...... 8 3.1 Project Interactions ...... 8 3.2 Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Master Plan ...... 8 3.3 General Ecological Conditions in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 9 3.3.1 Terrain and Soils ...... 9 3.3.2 Ecosystems ...... 10 3.3.3 Old Growth Management Areas ...... 11 3.3.4 Rare Plants and Rare Plant Communities ...... 11 3.3.5 Wildlife Features and Habitat ...... 12 3.3.6 Non-Native Species ...... 14 3.3.7 Watercourse Crossings ...... 15 3.3.8 Wetlands ...... 16 3.3.9 Recreation Features ...... 16 4.0 RECLAMATION PROGRAM...... 18 4.1 Reclamation Strategy ...... 18 4.2 Reclamation Units ...... 19 5.0 TIMING OF RECLAMATION MEASURES ...... 20 5.1 Pre-Construction Mitigation Measures Related to Reclamation ...... 20 5.1.1 Areas with Special Clearing Requirements ...... 22 5.2 Construction Mitigation Measures ...... 23 5.3 Post-Construction Reclamation Measures...... 28 5.3.1 Biostabilization ...... 28 5.3.2 Seeding and Planting ...... 33 5.3.3 Watercourse Crossings ...... 36 5.3.4 Wildlife Habitat ...... 39 5.3.5 Post-Construction Invasive Species Control Program ...... 40 5.3.6 Access Control ...... 40 6.0 POST-CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 41 7.0 REPORTING ...... 42 8.0 REFERENCES ...... 43 8.1 Literature Cited ...... 43

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Consultation and Engagement Aboriginal Engagement Logs ...... A-1

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 BC Provincial Protected Areas Management Objectives and Desired End Results ...... 3 Table 1.2 Trans Mountain Environmental Plans Linked to this Reclamation Plan ...... 5 Table 3.1 Surficial Materials in the Pipeline Construction Footprint in Coquihalla Recreation Area ...... 10 Table 3.2 OGMAs in the Pipeline Construction Footprint in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 11 Table 3.3 Wildlife Species with Special Conservation Status that Have Potential to Occur in the Vicinity of the Project Within the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 12 Table 3.4 Identified Coastal Tailed Frog Breeding Streams in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 13 Table 3.5 Potential Site-Specific Wildlife Timing Constraints ...... 13 Table 3.6 Watercourse Information for Coquihalla Summit Lake Recreation Area ...... 15 Table 4.1 Proposed Pipeline Construction Footprint in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 18 Table 4.2 Reclamation Units and Vegetation Types Along the Proposed Footprint in the Coquihalla Recreation Area ...... 19 Table 5.1 Pre-Construction Mitigation Measures Related to Reclamation ...... 20 Table 5.2 Special Clearing Requirements at Coastal Tailed Frog Streams ...... 23 Table 5.3 Special Clearing Requirements in OGMAs ...... 23 Table 5.4 Construction Reclamation Measures ...... 23 Table 5.5 Location and Features in Coquihalla Recreation Area that Require Site-Specific Considerations During Final Clean-up ...... 26 Table 5.6 Potential Soil Protection Techniques ...... 30 Table 5.7 Potential Soil Stabilization Techniques ...... 31 Table 5.8 General Seeding Reclamation Measures ...... 33 Table 5.9 Coquihalla Recreation Area Seed Prescription ...... 34 Table 5.10 Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Seed Mixes ...... 34 Table 5.11 Tree Species Recommended for Planting in the Coquihalla Recreation Area ...... 35 Table 5.12 Shrub Species Suitable for Planting in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 35 Table 5.13 Watercourse Reclamation Measures ...... 37 Table 5.14 Reclamation Prescriptions for Special Wildlife Habitat in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area ...... 39 Table A-1 Key Consultation Activities with BC Provincial Government Agencies ...... A-23 Table A-2 Key Consultation Activities with Local Governments ...... A-24

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1.0 INTRODUCTION Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) submitted a Facilities Application (the Application) to the National Energy Board (NEB) in December 2013 for the proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project (“the Project” or “TMEP”). On May 19, 2016, Trans Mountain received the NEB’s conditions for the Project. On November 29, 2016, the Government of Canada concluded the Project was in the public interest of Canada. A Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) and other authorizations allowing the Project to proceed, subject to 157 conditions, were issued and became effective on December 1, 2016.

The Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area (CSRA or Recreation Area) Reclamation Plan (the Reclamation Plan) was prepared to meet Trans Mountain’s commitments to reclaim all areas disturbed by the Project through the CSRA using best practices, in consultation with British Columbia (BC) Parks. The proposed pipeline construction footprint crosses the Recreation Area from KP 989.3 to KP 1002.1 for 12.8 km and follows existing utility rights-of-way.

1.1 Project Description Trans Mountain filed its Application with the NEB in December 2013. In developing its Application, Trans Mountain commenced a program of extensive discussions with landowners, engagement with Aboriginal groups and consultation with affected stakeholders. This program was intended to gather input from these groups into the Application and supporting Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment (ESA), and to continue to assist Trans Mountain in the design and execution of the Project. Trans Mountain is also working with Appropriate Government Authorities to carry out the necessary reviews, studies and assessments required for the Project.

The physical components of the Project include: the installation of new pipeline segments and reactivation of existing lines that are currently maintained in a deactivated state; construction of pump stations; expansion of existing terminals through the addition of new tanks and other infrastructure, and the construction of a new dock complex at the Westridge Marine Terminal; and the addition of new power lines under the jurisdiction of the appropriate provincial authorities. The scope of the Project specifically involves the following facilities:

 using the existing active 610 mm (NPS 24) and 762 mm (NPS 30) O.D. buried pipeline segments;

 constructing three new 914 mm (NPS 36) O.D. buried pipeline segments totaling approximately 863.5 km:

- Edmonton to Hinton – 338.6 km;

- Blue River to Darfield – 153.4 km; and

- Black Pines to Burnaby – 371.5 km;

 constructing one new 1,067 mm (NPS 42) O.D. buried pipeline segment:

- Hargreaves to Blue River – 121.4 km;

 reactivating two 610 mm (NPS 24) O.D. buried pipeline segments that have been maintained in a deactivated state:

- Hinton to Hargreaves – 151.1 km; and

- Darfield to Black Pines – 41.6 km;

 constructing two, 3.4 km long 762 mm (NPS 30) O.D. buried delivery lines from the Burnaby storage Terminal to the Westridge Marine Terminal (the Westridge Delivery lines);

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 installing 25 new sending or receiving traps (18 on the Edmonton-Burnaby pipelines), for in-line inspection tools at nine existing sites and two new sites;

 adding 12 new pump stations (10 at the existing Trans Mountain Pipeline [TMPL] site and two at a new greenfield site);

 constructing new tanks located at the terminals near Edmonton, Sumas and Burnaby; and

 constructing one (1) new dock complex, with a total of three (3) Aframax-capable berths, as well as a utility dock (for tugs, boom deployment vessels and emergency response vessels and equipment) at the Westridge Marine Terminal, followed by the decommissioning of the existing berth, which was assessed in Trans Mountain’s ESA.

Trans Mountain has been issued a new CPCN and amendments to two existing CPCNs for the existing TMPL (OC2 and OC49). In addition a number of Section 58 Orders under the NEB Act have been issued for the Project relating the temporary construction lands, pump stations, tanks, and other infrastructure (Temp, Pump1, Pump2, Tanks, and Deact). Abbreviations used to describe the legal instruments here match those used in the NEB Recommendation Report (Filing ID A77045). An overview of the work or activity authorized by each legal instrument is provided in Appendix 2 of the NEB Recommendation Report for the Project.

For ease of description, the following terms are used:

 Kilometre Post (KP): describes distances measured along the centreline of the pipeline.

 Project Footprint: includes the area directly disturbed by surveying, construction, clean-up and operation of the pipeline, as well as associated physical works and activities (including the temporary construction lands and infrastructure), the pipeline, reactivation, facilities, the Westridge Marine Terminal and access roads). For clarity, specific components of the Project Footprint are further described by Trans Mountain below.

- Temporary construction lands and infrastructure refers to preparatory works to be undertaken prior to Project construction and includes temporary camps, stockpile sites, equipment staging areas and borrow pits located on land that has been previously disturbed, as well as access roads within the first 10 km of each designated construction spread. For ease of assessing Project interactions, these access roads are considered as part of the overall access road network. Temporary construction lands and infrastructure initiated prior to pipeline construction does not include the clearing of forested vegetation.

- Pipeline construction footprint refers to the total area used to construct the pipeline and includes the right-of-way and temporary workspace.

- Reactivation of currently deactivated pipeline segments include an engineering assessment under Section 45 of the Onshore Pipeline Regulation; and associated construction activities. Currently known ground disturbance activities and associated access (as of December 2016), were assessed to determine the Project interactions. For ease of assessing Project interactions, these access roads were considered as part of the overall access road network.

- Facilities refer to pump stations, terminals (Edmonton, Sumas and Burnaby), and associated infrastructure (i.e., traps), most of which are located on land that has been previously disturbed. Westridge Marine Terminal has infrastructure located on land and in the marine environment, and is included in the Facilities component of the Project.

- Access roads include new temporary and permanent roads and existing roads that may require upgrades or improvements. For ease of assessing Project interactions, this includes the access roads to be developed as part of temporary construction lands and infrastructure, as well as those accesses associated with reactivation.

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 Contingency Alternate Routes: refers to three alternate pipeline route segments that have been assessed for use if construction on the preferred route is not feasible. These are not included in the pipeline construction footprint since they are considered contingency alternates.

Implementation of the measures included in the Reclamation Plan will commence during the pre-construction phase of the Project and continue into the operations phase.

1.2 Goals and Management Objectives of the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan The reclamation goals for the Recreation Area include:

 reduce the extent of invasive species in the pipeline construction footprint before construction and prevent the introduction of new invasive species in the footprint in the Recreation Area or adjacent areas during construction;

 revegetate the areas disturbed by Project activities with native species;

 where practical, retain or restore wildlife habitat, including coastal tailed frog habitat;

 re-establish the riparian areas in the CSRA that are crossed by the Project by planting native trees and shrubs; and

 support the re-establishment of plant species of interest to Aboriginal groups, through natural regeneration and the planting of trees and shrubs.

The management objectives or desired end results that Trans Mountain expects to achieve through the reclamation program in protected areas is summarized in Table 1.1.

TABLE 1.1

BC PROVINCIAL PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND DESIRED END RESULTS

VEGETATION RECLAMATION General: Vegetation of disturbed areas is reclaimed to conditions that reflect the natural undisturbed range of variability in terrestrial and riparian areas regarding composition, function and dynamics of native plant communities. Trans Mountain will be responsible for the establishment of an early seral stage and successional trajectory thereof, when agreed to by BC Parks, or alternatively for previously disturbed areas that are used for stockpile/storage, the reclamation is to be baseline conditions and successional trajectory (at a minimum) with compatibility with the above-noted conditions as the ultimate target. For the purposes of pursuing appropriate reclamation targets, vegetation is to be characterized to the level of vegetation types in consultation with BC Parks. Vegetation Success: Mitigation measures achieve the following accepted standard for revegetation success on the right-of-way and temporary work areas.  Vegetation is capable of maintaining cover and density without the aid of applied fertilizers beyond the time when residual effects of fertilizer applied during seeding has ceased. Vegetation Processes:  Within the constraints of accomplishing specific reclamation targets, native plant species establish (either by active measures by Trans Mountain or by natural regeneration) such that similar species occur on the right-of-way and temporary work areas, and in the open area plant communities within 5 years (commencing with the first partial or full growing season as year 0) following pipeline construction.  Future land disturbance for maintenance purposes does not affect the composition, structure, quantity, function or dynamics of the reclaimed system.  The probability and extent of forest insect and disease occurrence is no higher in the right-of-way or active/reclaimed temporary work areas than what would occur within the natural forest, based on knowledge of the historic range of variability or concerns of adjacent land management agencies. Final conditions do not hinder establishment of native plant communities, or alter natural surface drainage patterns. Natural habitat conditions (including hydrological patterns and regimes) for rare plant species and/or communities are maintained or restored. NON-NATIVE AND INVASIVE SPECIES AND PROBLEM SPECIES Vegetation Composition: High priority invasive plant species do not become established on the Trans Mountain right-of-way or temporary work areas, or spread off the right-of-way or temporary work areas. Existing infestations of priority species are controlled and ideally eradicated prior to construction. Project does not facilitate the growth and spread of forest pathogens, beyond natural rates and patterns. Material obtained from outside of the protected areas does not contribute to the weed problem within the Recreation Area. Management of weed species is consistent with BC Parks Invasive Species Vegetation Management Program.

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TABLE 1.1 Cont'd

SOILS General: Soils of the right-of-way and temporary work areas provide natural undisturbed growing conditions, and continue the natural rates and patterns of cycling of biomass and nutrients and other ecological functions. Alternatively, for previously disturbed areas that are used for stockpile and/or storage, the reclamation is to be to baseline conditions and successional trajectory (at a minimum) with compatibility with the above noted pre-construction conditions as the ultimate target.  There is no smothering of native plant communities;  If revegetation issues such as poor plant establishment or plant growth become apparent, soil conditions will be tested for soil pH, phytochemical leaching, soil compaction, and nitrogen deficiencies and remedial measures will be implemented. Soil Erosion: No acceleration of soil erosion rates, beyond pre-disturbance levels within the Project area and on specific soil conditions. Site Contours: Post-construction contours of the right-of-way and temporary work areas (including the trench subsidence or crowning) match surrounding topography, and do not create conditions that would hinder establishment of native plant communities or alter natural drainage patterns. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS During in-stream construction the project will monitor sediment levels to ensure levels are not deleterious to fish or other aquatic life. Similarly, there is to be no sediment release into areas of vegetation growth or sensitive areas, of sediments in levels that would adversely alter growing or hydraulic conditions. Natural form, pattern, frequency, productivity, and function of aquatic ecological integrity, within fish-bearing and non fish-bearing watercourses. WILDLIFE Management objectives for protected areas along the proposed route include protecting habitats, including conservation of wildlife and providing recreational opportunities such as wildlife viewing. Desired end results for habitat include: habitat disturbance is reduced to the extent feasible by utilizing the existing TMPL right-of-way and other disturbances to the extent feasible; and disturbed habitat is reclaimed in a manner that allows for regeneration of natural vegetation communities and successional trajectory. Desired end results for effects on wildlife inhabiting the Recreation Area include: reduced disturbance during sensitive periods by adhering to recommended timing windows, when practical; avoiding direct mortality through implementation of mitigation; and avoiding barriers to movement by implementing mitigation. Desired end results for effects on species at risk and critical habitats include: minimizing habitat disturbance where avoidance cannot be achieved; and implementing best practices and standard mitigation, in addition to species-specific mitigation plans to be developed in consultation with regulatory agencies for select species at risk. RECREATION AREA MANAGEMENT - GENERAL The TMEP does not add or facilitate increased visitor access within BC Parks or undesirable access by off-road vehicles after construction of the proposed pipeline is completed. There is to be no expansion of recreational opportunities as a direct result of the Project, unless BC Parks requests otherwise. No contamination of soil, water, air, vegetation, wildlife or people. During construction and operations, the target is no leaks or spills. Public Safety: no increase in the risk of injury or mortality to BC Parks visitors, residents or staff in relation to the construction, operation and maintenance of the pipeline. No notable disturbance, relocation or safety concerns to visitors at recreation facilities. MONITORING That future conditions can be conclusively (including quantification as appropriate) shown (either directly or through reasonable surrogates) to have accomplished desired end results that are stated here or that have been committed to by the proponent. Time frame for showing this accomplishment is a function of the recovery time normally anticipated or specific recovery time found to be necessary for each desired end result and associated ecological and recreational value. It is anticipated that most components will require a minimum of 5 years of monitoring. Yearly status reports will be required in the interim.

1.3 Links to Other Trans Mountain Environmental Plans Information from other environmental plans prepared for the Project that are related to reclamation has been considered in this Reclamation Plan. The links between this Reclamation Plan and other Trans Mountain environmental plans are provided in Table 1.2.

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TABLE 1.2

TRANS MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS LINKED TO THIS RECLAMATION PLAN

Environment Plan Description of the Environmental Plan Link to this Reclamation Plan Pipeline EPP The Pipeline EPP contains Trans Mountain’s environmental Pre-construction and construction mitigation (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) procedures and mitigation measures to be implemented measures related to reclamation are included (NEB Condition 72) during construction of the pipeline to avoid, reduce or in the Recreation Area Reclamation Plan mitigate potential adverse environmental effects. The EPP (Section 5.1 and Section 5.2). serves as reference information for construction and inspection personnel to support decision-making and to provide direction to more detailed information (i.e., resource-specific mitigation, management and contingency plans). Reclamation Management Plan The Reclamation Management Plan contains the general The Recreation Area Reclamation Plan is (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) reclamation measures to be implemented on the Project. The consistent with the Project Reclamation primary objective is to promote the re-establishment of Management Plan. natural ecosystems that are compositionally and functionally similar to pre-disturbance conditions. Rare Ecological Community and Rare The Rare Ecological Community and Rare Plant Population Candidate regeneration critical habitat for Plant Population Management Plan Management Plan provides construction mitigation for rare whitebark pine occurs in the pipeline (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) ecological communities, rare plants (vascular plant or construction footprint in the CSRA. (NEB Condition 40) bryophyte [moss or liverwort]) or rare lichens and critical Reclamation measures for the critical habitat habitat for rare plants encountered by the Project. will follow mitigation included in the Rare Ecological Community and Rare Plant Population Management Plan. Weed and Vegetation Management Plan The WVMP outlines procedures to identify, prevent, contain, Weed species of concern have been identified (WVMP) control, and monitor the introduction or spread of invasive in the CSRA (Section 3.3.6) and treatment (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) species in the Project area and to adjacent lands. options are provided in the WVMP. (NEB Condition 45) Access Management Plan The Access Management Plan addresses the management Construction traffic in the CSRA is expected to (Volume 6, of the Environmental Plans) of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline access the pipeline construction footprint via (NEB Condition 47) construction footprint during the pre-construction, existing and new temporary access roads. construction, clean-up, reclamation and operations phases of Invasive plant management and reclamation the Project. activities will occur on access roads within the CSRA (Section 5.1). Grizzly Bear Mitigation Plan The Grizzly Bear Mitigation Plan provides mitigation Grizzly Bear mitigation measures will be (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) measures and information on post-construction monitoring implemented in the Recreation Area. (NEB Condition 56) for the North Cascades Grizzly Bear Population Unit. Riparian Habitat Management Plan The RHMP is an ecosystem-based, site-specific plan that Riparian areas in the CSRA will be reclaimed (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) applies to riparian habitats associated with watercourse according to prescriptions detailed in the (NEB Condition 71) crossings encountered by the Pipeline construction footprint. RHMP. Old Growth Management Area (OGMA) The OGMA Mitigation and Replacement Plan identifies A total of three OGMAs are crossed by the Mitigation and Replacement Plan replacement areas for OGMAs that are impacted by the Project in the CSRA. Special clearing (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) Project. measures for OGMAs are included in (NEB Condition 76) Section 5.1.1 of this Reclamation Plan. Post-Construction Environmental The PCEM Reports will provide a discussion of the Weed management and reclamation measures Monitoring (PCEM) Reports effectiveness of mitigation, reclamation, or compensation conducted in the CSRA will be monitored (NEB Condition 151) measures that were committed to and implemented during during the PCEM Program. construction of the Project. The PCEM Reports will describe the corrective actions taken during construction and provide recommendations for future remedial action in order to accomplish the goals of mitigation or reclamation where measures implemented were not effective.

1.4 Commitment Management Trans Mountain made a number of commitments regarding the Project during the OH-001-2014 proceedings and engagement activities up to May 2016. Commitments were made to improve and optimize planning and mitigation measures. As Trans Mountain has consolidated its commitments into a Commitments Tracking Table in order to make it easier for interested parties to access and reference this information, the table of commitments in each plan has been removed. Information Requests (IRs) and engagement activities that raised discussion, but did not result in a commitment, are not included in the Commitments Tracking Table.

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The Commitments Tracking Table has been filed with the NEB and is available on Trans Mountain’s website at www.transmountain.com. Trans Mountain continues to monitor and track compliance with its commitments and will update, post to its website and file with the NEB updated versions of the Commitments Tracking Table according to the timeframes outlined in NEB Condition 6. Commitments with specific relevance to this Plan have been considered and addressed.

1.5 Regulatory Guidance 1.5.1 Federal Standards The NEB Filing Manual (NEB 2016) provided regulatory guidance for the assessment of vegetation resources potentially affected by the Project, where disturbance is expected to occur in previously undeveloped areas. The Filing Manual also states regulatory requirements for reclamation and remediation be specified and information on how the requirements will be met be provided.

1.5.2 Provincial Standards BC Provincial Regulations and Local Land Management Plans BC Provincial Regulations and Policy The measures required to reclaim the CSRA were determined with the guidance of the NEB Filing Manual, Parks Canada, Principles and Guidelines for Ecological Restoration in Canada’s Protected Natural Areas (Parks Canada 2008) and provincial regulations and guidelines, including the Ecological Restoration Guidelines for British Columbia (BC MWLAP no date).

Regulatory guidance for reclamation related activities in the CSRA is provided in:

 BC Park Act;

 BC Environmental Assessment Act;

 Oil and Gas Activities Act (OGAA);

 Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA);

 Weed Control Act; and

 Integrated Pest Management Act.

BC Land and Resource Management Plans and Local Land Management Agencies Land and resource use in BC is guided by resource management objectives established through applicable land use plans and legal orders. The CSRA is located in the Chilliwack Natural Resource District and resource use around the recreation area is guided by the Sustainable Resource Management Plan (SRMP) for the Coquihalla Landscape Unit (LU). The primary objective for the LU is to maintain or recruit representative old growth forests in old growth management areas (OGMAs) to maintain ecosystem processes and wildlife habitat (BC FLNRO 2004, Stad et al., 2004). Old forests in the Recreation Area contribute to the old seral representation in the LU.

BC Parks management plans define a vision and management objectives for individual parks. The CSRA Master Plan (BC MELP 2004) identifies the importance of the natural and heritage resources of the area and outlines management actions for ecosystems, fish and wildlife and cultural and visual resources. Additional information on the CSRA Master Plan is included in Section 3.2.

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2.0 CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT SUMMARY Consultation and engagement activities related to CSRA were completed with Appropriate Government Authorities, potentially affected Aboriginal groups, special interest groups and stakeholders. Opportunities to discuss CSRA and identify issues or concerns were also provided to stakeholders during community workshops and ongoing engagement activities that were conducted to support the Stage 2 Boundary Adjustment Application. Although CSRA was not included in the Boundary Adjustment Application, BC Parks directed Trans Mountain to treat CSRA is a similar manner regarding engagement with potentially affected Aboriginal groups, special interest groups and stakeholders.

No additional issues or concerns about CSRA were identified through public engagement and communication opportunities during the January 2015 to August 2016 reporting period.

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3.0 COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA SETTING The Recreation Area, established in 1986, is located along the Coquihalla Highway, approximately 45 km northeast of Hope, BC. The area is 5,750 ha in size and was established to protect the Coast-Cascade Dry belt landscape and provide break opportunities for highway travelers.

The Recreation Area is a transitional area between coastal and southern interior ecosystems that includes open and closed canopy forests interspersed with granitic peaks. There is a high diversity of plant communities and wildlife species in the area because of its geographic location. The Recreation Area provides outdoor recreational opportunities for southern BC residents and tourists with the Kettle Valley Railway being one of its many features (Trans Mountain 2015).

3.1 Project Interactions The CSRA does not interact with other Project components as defined in Section 1.1 such as temporary construction lands and infrastructure, reactivation areas or facilities. The pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads do interact with the CSRA.

The pipeline construction footprint crosses 12.8 km of the CSRA, between KP 989.3 to KP 1002.1.

Construction equipment will access the pipeline construction footprint via existing and new temporary access roads. Existing access includes locations along the Coquihalla Highway and Falls Lake Road and deactivated roads associated with other utility rights-of-way that cross the Recreation Area. Re-establishing deactivated roads to a condition suitable for Project requirements may involve brushing and clearing of additional vegetation, grading and widening of travel surfaces, installation of temporary crossing structures (e.g., culverts), rebuilding across slopes and areas that have been eroded or are unsafe to traverse, removing access management barriers and resurfacing roads.

New access requirements within the CSRA entail short, narrow road segments between existing roads and the right-of-way to facilitate equipment and vehicle access. Approximately six new temporary access roads are proposed ranging in length from 30 m to 300 m, totalling approximately 820 m in length. One new permanent access road 50 m in length is required to access the proposed automated block valve, connecting to a side road opposite the Zopkios Rest Area. The running surface of the new permanent access will be 5-6 m wide, while temporary access roads will range from 5 m to 10 m depending on terrain conditions and to provide adequate turning radius for pipe stringing and logging trucks. The road prism of these roads will typically range from 8-12 m wide. New access will typically require vegetation removal (i.e., brushing, clearing and grubbing), grading, surfacing, and installation of water crossing structures; typically closed bottom structures (culverts). Access across four watercourse crossings including two clear span bridges are expected to be required for access.

Temporary construction access will be seasonally deactivated when not needed for construction or restoration work until the following season (e.g., temporary culvert removal). Following completion of Project construction, temporary construction access no longer required for operations will be permanently deactivated, unless otherwise directed by the appropriate regulatory authority or owner. The extent of reclamation activities will vary based on agreements with the appropriate regulatory authority or owner. Generally, new roads will be deactivated to resemble pre-construction conditions and will typically entail removal of any culverts or other crossing structures, re-establishing contours, soil decompaction, erosion control, planting seedlings, seeding, and weed management.

Following construction, Trans Mountain will work with BC Parks to identify temporary access in CSRA that may be required for longer term future access for maintenance activities.

3.2 Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Master Plan The primary role of the Recreation Area is protecting the natural and heritage resources in the area and to provide opportunities for the care and convenience of the travelling public to access nature by supporting: nature viewing; picnicking; and destination recreation activities such as hiking, rock climbing and backcountry ski touring (BC Ministry of Parks 1990). The fish and wildlife management objective for the Recreation Area is to “…maintain existing wildlife resources and enhance fish resources while honouring prior rights for guided hunting” (BC Ministry of Parks 1990).

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The pipeline construction footprint crosses two BC Parks management zones in the Recreation Area; the majority of the pipeline construction footprint is located in the Intensive Recreation Zone and a small area of the pipeline construction footprint is located in the Natural Environment Zone. The Management objective for the Intensive Recreation Zone is maintaining a high quality recreation experience (BC Ministry of Parks 1990). The Management objective for the Natural Environment Zone is providing a variety of easily accessible non-mechanized outdoor recreational opportunities in a largely undisturbed natural environment (BC Ministry of Parks 1990).

Management actions outlined in the CSRA Master Plan for Land, Water, Vegetation, Fish and Wildlife, Cultural and Visual Resource Management (BC Ministry of Parks 1990) related to the Project include:

 utility rights-of-way will be managed in concert with the companies for recreational use where appropriate and monitored on an ongoing basis for adverse effects on park values;

 minimize soil erosion through revegetation and careful construction techniques;

 reclaim utility rights-of-way with a native species of ground cover and maintain by environmentally compatible methods as described in approved vegetation management plans;

 inventory main wildlife species and habitat to establish a baseline for monitoring change; and

 minimize the visual effect of park development or any management action by taking into consideration viewpoints, viewsheds and visual features.

3.3 General Ecological Conditions in the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Ecological conditions along the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area that are relevant to the Reclamation Plan are described in terms of terrain, soils, ecosystems, wildlife, rare plants and rare plant communities, and stream crossings. Information collected for the setting was obtained from desktop research and field assessments.

3.3.1 Terrain and Soils The Recreation Area contains two physiographic regions, the Coast-Cascade Dry Belt and the Thompson Plateau, but features of the Coast-Cascade Dry Belt are dominant. The area surrounding the pipeline construction footprint includes some glaciers and icefields, serrated peaks and ridges and high elevation summits. The Coquihalla River and its tributary creeks and lakes extend throughout the area and are significant physiographic features (BC MOE 1999).

Groundwater flows generally follow local topography with recharge occurring either directly over the unmapped aquifers or from the valley walls (mountain sides), with groundwater discharge feeding the local river systems or flowing within fluvial sediments subparallel to the valley axis. Sections of the pipeline construction footprint along the Coquihalla Highway are heavily confined by steep mountain approaches on both sides of the pass. The area is susceptible to changes in shallow groundwater flow patterns (i.e., areas where the pipeline cuts across a slope).

The geology of the area is a mix of intrusive igneous, folded and faulted volcanic and sedimentary rocks with outcrops of granodioritic intrusive rock at KP 992.0 and between KP 996.9 and KP 997.9 (Trans Mountain 2014). Surficial materials in the pipeline construction footprint are dominated by glacial till (Table 3.1) forming gravelly and coarse-textured soils. Humo-ferric podzols, with little to no topsoil, are the common soil classification in the Recreation Area (Trans Mountain 2014).

Surface deposits consist mainly of well to rapidly drained Eluviated Dystric Brunisols and Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzols developed on gravelly sandy loam to gravelly loamy sand textured till and colluvial deposits that occupy approximately 77% of the proposed pipeline corridor. Some of the till-colluvial mixture has hard consolidated rock within a metre of the surface. Hard consolidated rock at or near the surface on very strong, extreme or steep slopes occupies approximately 16% of the proposed pipeline corridor. Forest organic material (Humic Folisols), 30-40 cm thick, overlying hard rock or a thin till-colluvial mixture occupies

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Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan Trans Mountain Expansion Project 687945/February 2017 the remaining 7% (Mentiga 2014). Since most soils are sandy textured they are rated as having a Moderate- High wind erosion hazard when protective vegetation is disturbed, and as the topography along the proposed corridor is generally strongly to steeply sloping, water erosion is a concern.

TABLE 3.1

SURFICIAL MATERIALS IN THE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION FOOTPRINT IN COQUIHALLA RECREATION AREA

KP Range Surficial Materials KP 988.0 to KP 988.9 Fluvial sediments KP 988.9 to KP 990.4 Glacial till KP 990.4 to KP 992.4 Colluvium KP 992.4 to KP 996.9 Glacial till KP 996.9 to KP 997.9 Colluvium KP 997.9 to KP 1001.6 Glacial till Source: BGC Engineering 2013

Limitations and restrictions related to terrain and soils to consider during reclamation include:

 minor areas of terrain instability may occur along areas of the proposed pipeline construction footprint as a result of the planned construction activities (e.g., grading, trenching and backfilling); and

 soils are generally shallow, rapidly-drained and nutrient-poor, and are susceptible to wind and water erosion.

Construction mitigation measures related to terrain and soils are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

3.3.2 Ecosystems There are four biogeoclimatic zones represented in the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area: Montane Spruce (MS), Englemann Spruce - Subalpine Fir (ESSF), Mountain Hemlock (MH), and Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH). The MS occurs on the lee side of the Cascade Mountains at the eastern end of the Recreation Area. The zone is characterized by an open-canopy coniferous forest dominated by lodgepole pine with a sparse shrub layer of black huckleberry and falsebox, and a sparse but diverse herb layer that commonly contains grouseberry and twinberry.

The ESSF zone occurs on the east-facing slopes and the MH zone is the sub-alpine forest located on the west-facing slopes. Subalpine Fir can also be found in the MH zone along with black huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) and white rhododendron (Rhododendron albiflorum). In the ESSF zone, additional differentiating species include Amabilis fir (Abies amabilis), trailing rubus (Rubus pedatus), western mountain ash (Sorbus scopulina) and foamflower (Tiarella unifoliata). On the valley floor, the CWH zone is evident by the predominance of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Douglas-fir (Pseudatsuga menziesii) with understory plants such as vanilla leaf (Achlys triphylla), Oregon grape (Mahonia nervosa) and sword fern (Polystichum munitum) (BC MOE 1999).

Limitations and restrictions related to ecosystems to consider during reclamation include:

 ecosystem soils are generally thin, coarse-textured, cold, and nutrient-poor; and

 growing season is short-frosts and moisture deficits can occur during the growing season.

Construction mitigation measures related to ecosystems are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

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3.3.3 Old Growth Management Areas OGMAs are old or late seral forests that have been provincially designated in order to protect and maintain biodiversity (Forest Practices Board 2012). There are two legal and one non-legal OGMAs encountered by the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area (Table 3.2). Legal OGMAs are areas that must be incorporated into a forest stewardship plan by forest licensees. Non-legal OGMAs do not need to be incorporated in a forest stewardship plan by forest licensees if they can achieve targets in other ways (Forest Practices Board 2012). Construction of the Project will require the removal of timber from the three OGMAs in the Recreation Area.

TABLE 3.2

OGMAS IN THE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION FOOTPRINT IN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

KP Start KP End OGMA Designation Ecosystem Type 994.1 994.3 Non-Legal: 40075 ESSFmw1 1000.1 1000.2 Legal: 8534 CWHms1 1000.5 1001.6 Legal: 8535 CWHms1

Limitations and restrictions related to OGMAs to consider during reclamation:

 loss of old-forest along the highway corridor; and

 the removal of timber from OGMAs will alter the forest composition and may affect the function of the old forests.

Mitigation measures related to OGMAs are included in the OGMA Mitigation and Replacement Plan (Section 5, Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

3.3.4 Rare Plants and Rare Plant Communities No SARA-listed or BC Wildlife Act-listed rare plant species or rare ecological communities were observed during the Project biophysical field surveys.

Candidate regeneration critical habitat for whitebark pine has been identified along the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area by Environment Canada (Environment Canada 2014, 2015).

Supplemental survey results for the Recreation Area and associated mitigation measures for rare plants and rare plant communities that may be impacted during construction are included in the Rare Ecological Community and Rare Plant Management Plan, as per NEB Condition 40 (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans). Site-specific mitigation measures are included in the vegetation mitigation tables as well as the Environmental Alignment Sheets (Volumes 7 and 8 of the Environmental Plans).

Limitations and restrictions related to rare plants and rare plant communities to consider during reclamation include:

 Ribes species should not be planted on the pipeline construction footprint because they are alternate host species for white pine blister rust, which is a primary disease that affects whitebark pine; and

 lodgepole pine seedlings should not be planted because when mature they are susceptible to mountain pine beetle, which can devastate whitebark pine stands.

Construction mitigation measures related to rare plants and rare plant communities are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) and in the Rare Ecological Community and Rare Plant Population Management Plan (Section 5.0, Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

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3.3.5 Wildlife Features and Habitat Wildlife species with special conservation status that have the potential to occur within or adjacent to the Project Footprint within the Recreation Area are listed in Table 3.3. This list was developed based on a desktop review of available information from the area, species ranges, species habitat requirements and professional judgement. Wildlife species with special conservation status are those that are federally listed on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) (Government of Canada 2016) or by COSEWIC (COSEWIC) (2016), or are provincially red or blue-listed by the BC Conservation Data Centre (BC CDC 2016).

TABLE 3.3

WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS THAT HAVE POTENTIAL TO OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT WITHIN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Common Name Scientific Name SARA COSEWIC Provincial List Barn swallow Hirundo rustica -- Threatened (2011) blue; S3S4B (2015) Brewer’s sparrow, breweri ssp. Spizella breweri -- -- red; S2B (2005) breweri California gull Larus californicus -- -- blue; S2S3B (2015) Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor Schedule 1, Threatened (2010) Threatened (2007) yellow; S4B (2015) Horned grebe Podiceps auritus -- Special Concern (2009) yellow; S4B (2015) Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus cooperi Schedule 1, Threatened (2010) Threatened (2007) blue, S3S4B (2015) Peregrine falcon, anatum ssp. Falco peregrinus Schedule 1, Special Concern (2012) Special Concern (2007) red; S2?B (2010) anatum Swainson's hawk Buteo swainsoni -- -- red, S2B (2015) fisher Pekania pennanti -- -- blue, S3 (2015) Grizzly bear, western population Ursus arctos -- Special Concern (2002) blue, S3 (2015) Little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus Schedule 1, Endangered (2014) Endangered (2013) yellow, S4 (2015) Mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa Schedule 1, Special Concern (2003) Special Concern (2012) yellow, S4 (2015) Townsend's big-eared bat Corynorhinus -- -- blue, S3S4 (2015) townsendii Wolverine Gulo gulo -- Special Concern (2014) no status; S3 (2015) Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei Schedule 1, Special Concern (2003) Special Concern (2011) blue, S3S4 (2010) Sources: BC CDC 2016, COSEWIC 2016, Government of Canada 2016 Notes: “—“ indicates no status designation BC CDC species designations: - Red species or subspecies that have, or are candidates for, Extirpated, Endangered, or Threatened status in BC. Placing taxa on these lists flags them as being at risk and requiring investigation. - Blue species or subspecies considered to be of Special Concern (formerly Vulnerable) in BC, often with characteristics that make them particularly sensitive or vulnerable to human activities or natural events. - Yellow species or subspecies include species that are apparently secure and not at risk of extinction. Yellow-listed species may have red or blue-listed subspecies. - S2: Imperiled; S3: Vulnerable; S4: Apparently Secure; B: Breeding—Conservation status refers to the breeding population of the species in the nation or state/province. SARA and COSEWIC species designations: - ENDANGERED: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction; - THREATENED: A species that is likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed; - SPECIAL CONCERN: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it is particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.

During wildlife field work conducted in 2013, coastal tailed frog was identified in the streams listed in Table 3.4 that are crossed by the Project. No other wildlife habitat features (e.g., raptor nests, dens) were observed during the wildlife field work conducted in the Recreation Area.

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TABLE 3.4

IDENTIFIED COASTAL TAILED FROG BREEDING STREAMS IN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

KP Stream Crossing No. Stream Name Stream Class 995.0 BC-589 Unnamed S6 995.9 BC-590 Unnamed S5 1000.0 BC-591 Boston Bar Creek S5 Note: Watercourse information is from the watercourse crossing table provided in Section 7.0 of Volume 7 of the Environmental Plans.

Reclamation considerations related to wildlife features and habitat include the following:

 Timing constraints are associated with migratory bird nesting and other wildlife breeding periods (Table 3.5).

 Coastal tailed frog larvae require clean, fast-flowing streams with appropriate cobble and boulder substrate composition and security cover. Adults require security and thermal cover adjacent to the stream.

 Linear disturbance and right-of-way widening may increase sightlines that can modify wildlife use and movement.

TABLE 3.5

POTENTIAL SITE-SPECIFIC WILDLIFE TIMING CONSTRAINTS

Species/Habitat Location Along Route Timing Constraints Timing Implications Nesting migratory birds Entire route within the March 23 to August 16 Clearing and construction activities should occur outside of the Recreation Area migratory bird nesting period. In the event clearing or construction activities are scheduled to occur within the migratory bird nesting period, Wildlife Resource Specialists will use non-intrusive methods to conduct an area search within seven days of activity for evidence of nesting (e.g., present of territorial males, alarm calls, distraction displays, adults carrying nesting material/food). In the event an active nest is found, it will be subject to site-specific mitigation measures (e.g., clearly marked species-specific buffer around the nest or non-intrusive monitoring). The appropriate mitigation measures will be selected by an Environmental Inspector, in consultation with a Wildlife Resource Specialist. Raptor Nest Entire route within the  Bald eagle – January 1 to Clearing and construction activities should occur outside of this Recreation Area August 31 period. In the event activity is scheduled within these periods and  Osprey – April 1 to suitable habitat is present, Wildlife Resource Specialists will use September 14 non-intrusive methods to conduct an area search for evidence of  Other raptors (e.g., red-tailed nesting (e.g., presence of territorial males, alarm calls, distraction hawk) – March 1 to displays, adults carrying nesting material/food). In the event an September 30 active nest is found, it will be subject to site-specific mitigation measures (e.g., clearly marked species-specific buffer around the nest or non-intrusive monitoring). The appropriate mitigation measures will be selected by an Environmental Inspector, in consultation with a Wildlife Resource Specialist.

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TABLE 3.5 Cont'd

Species/Habitat Location Along Route Timing Constraints Timing Implications Amphibian Breeding Entire route within the Sensitive period for breeding is Schedule clearing and construction activities outside of the Ponds Recreation Area generally mid-April to mid-June breeding period, where feasible. In the event that an amphibian breeding pond is found, the recommended buffers are:  In BC, 150 m (undeveloped); 100 m (rural) and 30 m (urban) (BC MOE 2014b). Consult with a Wildlife Resource Specialist to discuss practical options and mitigation measures where the recommended setback cannot be implemented. Practical options and measures may include scheduling clearing and construction activities outside of the recommended timing restriction to avoid the sensitive breeding period for amphibians, amphibian salvage, on-site monitoring, or use of exclusion fencing. Each circumstance will vary depending on Project scheduling, location of the breeding pond and site conditions. Obtain the appropriate permit and comply with the permit conditions when an amphibian salvage is necessary. Any relocation of amphibians will be conducted by a Wildlife Resource Specialist. Amphibian Breeding Entire route within the Areas are sensitive year-round. Ensure the proper permit for a salvage has been obtained and Streams Recreation Area Mitigation measures are in place if conduct an amphibian salvage prior to clearing and construction KP 994.6; the stream-dwelling amphibians activities at known stream-dwelling amphibian breeding locations. KP 995.6; and are found during construction Adhere to the Best Management Practices for Amphibian and KP 999.7 (coastal tailed Reptile Salvages in BC (BC MFLNRO 2016). Note that coastal frog breeding streams) tailed frog use the same stream year-round, therefore, this mitigation is applicable year-round. In the event that stream-dwelling amphibians are identified on the Project Footprint during construction, the following mitigation is recommended:  remove the amphibians to the closest suitable upstream habitat, if it is safe to do so;  ensure amphibians are not held for longer than necessary to move them to the closest suitable habitat;  ensure amphibians are not held for more than two to four hours under any circumstances; and  amphibians must be captured, held, transported and released humanely. Within the riparian buffer of the identified stream-dwelling amphibian streams the following mitigation is recommended:  Implement standard pipeline construction and riparian mitigation in Section 7.0 and 14.0 of the Pipeline EPP.  Retain mature trees on the edge of the construction footprint where their retention will not affect construction requirements or safety. The retention of these trees will be approved by an Environmental Inspector and Wildlife Resource Specialist. The following mitigation measures are recommended for the crossing of identified stream-dwelling amphibian streams:  Prior to watercourse crossing construction, slowly remove all potential cover features (e.g., rocks, coarse woody debris) from the crossing and retain on-site for use during restoration. Implement standard pipeline construction and watercourse crossing mitigation described in Section 7.0 and 14.0 in the Pipeline EPP. Sources: ECCC 2016, BC MOE 2013

Construction mitigation measures related to wildlife features and habitat are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) and the Resource-Specific Mitigation Tables (Volume 7 of the Environmental Plans).

3.3.6 Non-Native Species Non-native and invasive vegetation species surveys were completed between 2013 and 2015. A total of 38 non-native and invasive species were encountered in the Recreation Area. Of these, six invasive vegetation species are of particular concern, including hawkweeds, both orange and yellow species, unidentified knapweed species, oxeye daisy, orchardgrass and common tansy. There were 10 agronomic species

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Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan Trans Mountain Expansion Project 687945/February 2017 common to erosion control seed mixes also recorded in the CSRA. The agronomic species are white and red clover, alsike clover, birds-foot trefoil, hard fescue, common timothy, smooth brome, pumpelly brome and a bentgrass species. The complete list of priority invasive species observed in the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area is included in Appendix G of the WVMP (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

Proposed methods and management procedures to identify, prevent, contain, control and monitor the introduction or spread of invasive species in the pipeline construction footprint and adjacent lands are included in the WVMP (Section 5, Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

Reclamation considerations related to invasive species include the following.

 Bare soils should be seeded as soon as practical following construction to minimize the risk of introducing Invasive species in the Recreation Area.

 Access control measures that will prevent unauthorized access along the right-of-way will limit the introduction and spread of invasive species.

Construction mitigation measures related to non-native species are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

3.3.7 Watercourse Crossings The Project will cross 24 watercourses along the pipeline construction footprint, and 5 watercourses along the temporary construction access roads within the Recreation Area. Watercourses found on the pipeline construction footprint include two potentially fish-bearing creeks (Falls Lake Creek and Boston Bar Creek), 18 non fish-bearing creeks and four non-classified drainages (NCDs) (Table 3.6). Watercourses found along the temporary construction access roads include one potentially fish bearing creek (Boston Bar Creek) and four non fish-bearing creeks. The Coquihalla River, which supports all six Pacific Salmon species, is located south of the pipeline construction footprint. The majority of the tributaries within the pipeline construction footprint feed into the Coquihalla River and contribute the overall health of the river.

TABLE 3.6

WATERCOURSE INFORMATION FOR COQUIHALLA SUMMIT LAKE RECREATION AREA

Watercourse Crossing Watercourse Stream KP ID Name Class Proposed Crossing Method 989.7 BC-583 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 990.5 BC-583a Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 990.6 BC-583a1 Unnamed Channel NCD Isolation if water present 990.7 BC-583b Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 991.1 BC-584 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 991.6 BC-585 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 991.9 BC-585a Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 992.1 BC-585b Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 992.3 BC-586 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 992.9 BC-587 Dry Gulch NCD Isolation if water present 994.2 BC-588 Fallslake Creek S3 Isolation with fish salvage and water quality monitoring 994.9 BC-588a Unnamed drainage NCD Isolation if water present 995.0 BC-589 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 995.5 BC-589.1 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 995.7 BC-589.2 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 995.8 BC-589a Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 995.9 BC-589b Unnamed drainage NCD Isolation if water present 995.9 BC-590 Unnamed Channel S5 Isolation if water present 997.7 BC-590a1 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 998.1 BC-590.1 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present

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TABLE 3.6 Cont'd

Watercourse Watercourse Stream KP Crossing ID Name Class Proposed Crossing Method 999.4 BC-590a2 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 999.7 BC-590a3 Unnamed Channel S6 Isolation if water present 1000.0 BC-591 Boston Bar Creek S5 Isolation during low flow 1001.6 BC-592 Unnamed Channel S5 Isolation during low flow 5-D-95-991.5-1-W01.0 - NTA1 BCVA-259 Unnamed Channel S6 Ramp and Culvert 5-D-96-D-2-W01.0 - DOA2 BCVA-260 Unnamed Channel S6 Ramp and Culvert 5-D-96-C-1-W01.0 – DOA2 BCVA-262 Unnamed Channel S6 Existing or Ramp and Culvert 5-D-97-G-3-W01.0 - DOA2 BCVA-263 Boston Bar S5 Clear-span Bridge 5-D-97-H-2-W01.0 - DOA2 BCVA-264 Unnamed Channel S5 Clear-span Bridge Source: Digital Mapping April 2016 Notes: 1 NTA - New Temporary Access Road 2 DOA - Deactivated Overgrown Access Road

No fish and fish habitat species indicators were observed or captured at any of the proposed watercourse crossings within the Recreation Area during field investigations (Trans Mountain 2014).

Reduced risk work windows for the fish-bearing stream crossings are:

 August 1 to October 31 for Falls Lake Creek (BC-588); and

 August 1 to August 31 for Boston Bar Creek (BC-591).

The reduced risk instream work window does not apply to the unnamed watercourses and NCDs.

Reclamation considerations related to stream crossings include:

 adhere to work windows if instream reclamation measures are required;

 streams are connected by above ground flow to downstream fish habitat and effective application of erosion and sediment control measures will be important to maintaining downstream habitat function; and

 ensure riparian habitats are restored according to prescriptions detailed in the Riparian Habitat Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

Construction mitigation measures related to stream crossings are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) as well as Water Crossing Construction Monitoring Management Plan (Section 8.0, Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

3.3.8 Wetlands There are no wetlands encountered by the pipeline construction footprint in the Recreation Area.

3.3.9 Recreation Features The Coquihalla Lakes have a number of recreational opportunities including a variety of camping, hiking, swimming, picnicking and Nordic skiing (BC MOE 1999). The utility rights-of-way in the Recreation Area may adversely affect the viewscape. However, the cleared corridors can be used for hiking and skiing (BC MOE 1999).

The key reclamation consideration related to recreation features includes implementing reclamation measures at view points and trail heads where a change to the visual aesthetics of a widened corridor could be experienced by visitors to the Recreation Area.

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Construction mitigation measures related to recreation features are included in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

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4.0 RECLAMATION PROGRAM The proposed pipeline construction footprint parallels existing utility rights-of-way and will involve the conventional installation of the pipeline through the Recreation Area. Rock blasting will be required. The watercourses will be crossed using isolation, if water is present, or open-cut if the stream is dry or frozen. Fish salvage and water quality monitoring will occur at three crossings: Falls Lake Creek, Boston Bar Creek and an unnamed drainage at KP 1001.2. The total footprint required to construct the Project within the Recreation Area is approximately 63 ha, of which approximately 24 ha is disturbance on existing rights-of-way, which include the Telus FOTS, Spectra and BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure rights-of-way.

Projected areas of disturbance in the Recreation Area are based on footprint data as of April 2016. The final area of disturbance will be updated prior to construction (Table 4.1). Temporary workspace, extra-temporary workspace and log decks will be reforested with appropriate native conifers and low growing native vegetation will be returned to the permanent pipeline easement. Planting prescriptions will vary by area and Reclamation Unit and will be modified if construction techniques change.

TABLE 4.1

PROPOSED PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION FOOTPRINT IN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Area (ha) Overlapping Area (ha) of New Type Area (ha) Existing Disturbance Disturbance TEMPORARY WORKSPACE Temporary Workspace 20.6 7.7 12.9 Extra Temporary Workspace 6.9 2.5 4.4 Log Decks 1.1 0.6 0.5 Upgraded Temporary Access Roads 2.3 2.3 0.1 New Temporary Access Roads 1.3 0.5 0.8 Total 32.2 13.6 18.6 PERMANENT DISTURBANCE Pipeline Easement 30.8 10.7 20.1 Block Valve Access Road 0.1 0.1 0 Total 30.9 10.8 20.1

The reclamation program will be managed, implemented and supervised by Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain is committed to sourcing reclamation materials and labour from the local communities and reclamation assistance will be required throughout the pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases of the Project. Invasive plant management will be the primary focus of reclamation work during the spring and summer before construction but work crews will also delineate the pipeline construction footprint, fence sensitive features and assist in the vegetation clearing program, as necessary. During construction the Environmental Inspector will be responsible for monitoring and protecting root zone material piles and temporary erosion and sediment control structures. The majority of the reclamation, which will require light equipment, materials and labour, will be conducted after final clean-up.

4.1 Reclamation Strategy Reclamation activities will be in keeping with the CSRA Master Plan (BC Ministry of Parks 1990) and particular consideration will be given to enhancing riparian and old growth plant communities in the Recreation Area. Additional activities will include:

 Natural regeneration (no grass seeding) will be the preferred revegetation technique in the floodplain and riparian communities, in other wet soils that do not contain invasive species, and in the OGMAs that do not contain invasive plants.

 Supplement the natural regeneration areas and areas prone to erosion with native tree and shrub plantings.

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 Seeding disturbed soils that contain invasive plants with native grasses.

 Support the re-establishment of plant species of interest to Aboriginal groups.

 Distribute CWD, if permitted, for erosion control and to enhance wildlife habitat.

4.2 Reclamation Units Reclamation of the disturbed areas of the Trans Mountain pipeline footprint will be accomplished in discrete segments called Reclamation units (RUs). There are three RUs in the Recreation Area. The ecosystem-based RUs have been defined by the project's reclamation specialists. The RUs reflect the existing vegetation types, current land use practices and land or water resource management objectives along the pipeline route. Specific seed mixes, plantings, weed control measures and other terrestrial and aquatic habitat reclamation measures have been developed for each of the RUs in the Recreation Area. The RUs and the associated vegetation types in the Recreation Area are described in Table 4.2.

TABLE 4.2

RECLAMATION UNITS AND VEGETATION TYPES ALONG THE PROPOSED FOOTPRINT IN THE COQUIHALLA RECREATION AREA

Project RU Number KP Range RU Name Vegetation Types Ecosite 1 Description of Natural Plant Communities 5.8 KP 988.7 to Coquihalla Young, mesic MSmw1/01 Open – canopy conifer forests dominated by lodgepole KP 994.6 Lakes conifer forests MSmw1/03 pine, subalpine fir and hybrid white spruce. Shrubs are generally sparse. Falsebox and Utah honey suckle are MSmw1/04 the most common shrubs with common juniper occurring MSmw1/05 in the slightly drier communities (03) and black gooseberry occurring in the slightly wetter community (05). Herbs are sparse but diverse, with grouseberry and twinflower being the more common species. 5.9 KP 994.6 to Falls Interior sub-alpine ESSFmw/01 Closed-canopy conifer forests dominated by Engelmann 996.8 mature and old ESSFmw/03 spruce, Amabilis fir and subalpine fir. The shrub layer is forests in mesic generally dense, but not very diverse. The most common ESSFmw/04 soils shrub is black huckleberry and false azalea can be found ESSFmw/05 in the slightly wetter community (05), while Saskatoon or birch-leaved spirea may occur in the drier community (03). The herb layer is sparse and also not diverse. More common herbs are one-sided wintergreen and five- leaved bramble. Pinegrass and showy aster occur in the drier community (03). 5.10 KP 996.8 to Zopkios Coastal sub-alpine MHmm2/01 Closed-canopy conifer forests dominated by MH and KP 1002.1 mature and old MHmm2/03 Amabilis fir. The shrub layer is dense and black forests in mesic to huckleberry, Alaskan blueberry and oval-leaved MHmm2/04 fresh soils blueberry are common. Small amounts of copperbush and devil’s club occur in the community with slightly richer soils (03). The herb layer is sparse in the communities with slightly poorer soils (01, 04). Five- leaved bramble is the most common herb in areas and there is a diverse mix of species in the community with richer soils (03). CWHms1/01 Closed-canopy conifer forests dominated by western CWHms1/05 hemlock and western redcedar. There is a moderate cover of both shrubs and herbs. Common shrubs resemble the MH community, black huckleberry, Alaskan blueberry and oval-leaved blueberry. False azalea is also common in the slightly wetter community (05). Five- leaved bramble, bunchberry and queen’s cup are the common herbs. Note: 1 Based on BC MFLNRO BEC classifications (2012).

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5.0 TIMING OF RECLAMATION MEASURES Construction activities in the CSRA are expected to take approximately eight months, dispersed over a two-year timeframe to allow for construction activities to take place during ideal (e.g., dry, non-frozen) conditions.

Pending regulatory approval and finalisation of construction scheduling, surveying and clearing of the right- of-way in the CSRA is scheduled to start and finish as early as Q4 of 2017, outside the breeding bird nesting period. A timber cruise will be conducted prior to clearing activities. Pipeline construction activities would commence after winter, starting in Q2 2018 and may carry over to the summer and fall of 2019, with final clean-up being completed by Q4 2019 under suitable weather and soil conditions. The crossing of Dry Gulch is planned for Q2 2018 and expected to finish in Q4 2019. No winter work is planned within the CSRA. These proposed dates are subject to revision as Project planning progresses.

Final clean-up and reclamation activities will be conducted during dry, non-frozen conditions as construction work is completed. Activities that may be conducted during fall include seeding and the installation of erosion control measures. Activities that may be conducted in spring include seeding and shrub and tree plantings.

5.1 Pre-Construction Mitigation Measures Related to Reclamation Pre-construction mitigation measures related to reclamation include defining Project access routes, conducting invasive species management on the access roads and in the pipeline construction footprint, as needed, delineating the pipeline construction footprint, protecting special features, and defining vegetation clearing strategies for species features (Table 5.1).

TABLE 5.1

PRE-CONSTRUCTION MITIGATION MEASURES RELATED TO RECLAMATION

Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information Activity [Pipeline EPP Reference, if any] (Environmental Plan Volume) Access  Access to the proposed pipeline construction footprint will be via existing  The Access Management Plan (Volume 6) access roads, upgraded deactivated roads and new temporary access. Access provides mitigation measures to reduce road details are contained in Section 3.4.2 of the Recreation Area PUP. disturbances caused by access, construction  Vehicle and equipment parking areas will be determined in consultation with BC equipment and vehicle traffic, during and Parks and the Project Contractor. following pipeline construction. The Access  Project vehicles and equipment will not drive or park on native vegetation that is Management Plan is a supplement to, and outside the pipeline construction footprint not a replacement for, the Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the Prime Contractor.  Apply appropriate measures (e.g., signs, boundary markers, gates and fences) to ensure that Project vehicles remain on the designated access road  WVMP (Volume 6) provides mitigation and right-of-way. Adhere to measures in the Access Management Plan [Pipeline treatment options for priority invasive EPP, Section 9 Access Roads for Pipelines]. species.  Pre-clear or pre-mow areas of native vegetation outside of the migratory bird  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2) nesting period to reduce the risk of birds nesting on new and upgraded access  BC Parks Land Use/Occupancy Resource roads where work is scheduled to occur during the spring and/or summer Use Permit Application for CSRA, 2016 period (see the EAS). Reduce the width of clearing on side slopes to the extent feasible [Pipeline EPP, Section 9 Access Roads for Pipelines].  Salvage topsoil/root zone material at access roads according to specifications included in the Pipeline EPP.  Source borrow material for access roads from approved sites. Borrow material must be reviewed and approved by an Environmental Inspector prior to import [Pipeline EPP, Section 9 Access Roads for Pipelines].  Use borrow material that does not contain untreated priority invasive plants.  Follow mitigation for drainage and erosion and sediment control, culvert installation and maintenance, and ditches included in the Pipeline EPP.  If requested by BC Parks, temporary access control structures that prevent vehicles from accessing the Recreation Area will be installed when the Project is not conducting work in the area.

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TABLE 5.1 Cont'd

Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information Activity [Pipeline EPP Reference, if any] (Environmental Plan Volume) Invasive  Weed surveys were conducted in the Recreation Area in 2013 and 2015.  WVMP (Volume 6 of the Environmental Species Invasive species observed in the Recreation Area are listed in Section 3.3.6. Plans) lists weed prevention and control Management  Complete pre-construction weed treatment of high priority species before strategies for priority species. Refer to construction. Weed management will be conducted in consultation with BC Appendix G, of the WVMP for specific Parks. information for the CSRA.  All herbicide treatments will be completed by licensed applicators according to provincial regulations and using the herbicides approved by BC MFLNRO and BC Parks within the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area, and included in the Kinder Morgan Canada Inc. Operations Integrated Vegetation Management Plan (2016).  There are three potable water wells at the Coquihalla toll station and one domestic well on private land located just outside the Recreation Area boundary between the Coquihalla Lakes. Invasive plant treatment in the Recreation Area will adhere to all regulations pertaining to the use of herbicides near water wells and intakes and will not affect these wells.  Treatments for some priority invasive plants that occur along the access roads will occur before the roads are upgraded. Treatment method will vary with road upgrade activity and construction timing. Herbicide treatments will be used if soils that will be disturbed contain invasive plants. Delineate the  The proposed trench line and the boundary of the pipeline construction footprint  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2) Pipeline will be delineated with stakes and flagging before vegetation clearing. The  Watercourse Crossing Inventory (Volume 7) Construction flagging and staking and training provided to personnel will ensure Project  WVMP (Volume 6) Footprint vehicles and personnel stay within the pipeline construction footprint.  Stake all boundaries of the pipeline construction footprint. Clearly flag or stake the boundaries of temporary access roads and shoo-flies. Use short stakes or lathe where livestock are present. [Section 6.0 Pre-Construction Activities]  Flag or stake any shrubs or trees to be salvaged and replaced at water crossings prior to construction [EPP, Section 6.0 Pre-Construction Activities].  Stake low-lying areas that are prone to saturated soil conditions when constructing during non-frozen soil conditions [EPP, Section 6.0 Pre- Construction Activities].  Install signs, stake, flag and/or posts and rope to clearly identify the identified riparian buffer area on both sides of watercourse crossings [EPP, Section 6.0 Pre-Construction Activities]. Riparian buffers are included in the Watercourse Crossing summary tables.  Flag areas identified as having weed infestations prior to commencement of construction [Pipeline EPP Section 6.0 Pre-Construction Activities]. Protect  Access to established recreation features will be maintained through the  Refer to Volume 6 for the following plans: Special clearing, construction and reclamation period. Trans Mountain will work with BC - Rare Ecological Community and Rare Features Parks to identify areas that may require fencing or signage to ensure safety of Plant Population Management Plan Park users. - Reclamation Management Plan  Stake or flag resource-specific environmental features and buffers (e.g., wildlife  Refer to Volume 7 of the Environmental habitat features) prior to commencing construction to avoid the resource site Plans for resource locations and specific (see Narrow Down Fencing Dwg. 1 in Appendix C of the Pipeline EPP). Clearly mitigation measures: mark resource specific environmental features identified on the EAS and in the resource-specific mitigation tables (see Volume 7 of the Environmental Plans) - Section 2 Heritage Resources prior to clearing, as warranted. Snow fencing may be necessary to delineate - Section 3 Traditional Land and sensitive environmental resources on and adjacent to the pipeline construction Resource Use footprint (Section 5.0, Volume 7); - Section 4 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat  Confirm the accuracy of all environmentally sensitive resource locations and - Section 5 Vegetation ensure flagging is maintained during construction. [EPP, Section 6.0 - Section 7 Watercourse Pre-Construction Activities]  Ensure all permits that may be required are in place before construction starts. For example, if amphibians are found in the construction area, a permit is required for amphibian salvage. The permit should be in place before clearing.  Trans Mountain will work with BC Parks to identify areas that may require fencing or signage to ensure the safety of park users.

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TABLE 5.1 Cont'd

Activity Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information Vegetation  The Project easement and all designated working space will be cleared of  Pipeline EPP (Section 7.0 Survey and Clearing/ trees. In areas that will not be graded, shrubs and herbaceous plant material Clearing, Volume 2 of the Environmental Mowing will be cut off at ground level, leaving the root systems intact. Brush saws or Plans) mowers may be used to cut off the understory species.  BC MFLNRO, a guide to fuel hazard  Trans Mountain will consult with BC MFLNRO South Coast Region regarding assessment and abatement in BC updates to restrictions for retaining cleared trees. (BC MFLNRO 2012b)  Confine all pre-clearing/mowing and general clearing activities within the  South Coast Natural Resource Region for staked/flagged pipeline construction footprint boundaries. Adhere to guidelines to prevent forest health issues. clearing/mowing restrictions associated with watercourse buffer areas, where  Refer to Volume 6 for wildlife mitigation plans: sensitive environmental features have been identified and to areas outlined in - Reclamation Management Plan the resource-specific mitigation tables (see Volume 7 of the Environmental Rare Ecological Community and Rare Plans) [EPP, Section 7.0 Survey and Clearing]. - Plant Population Management Plan  Retain some felled trees for use during final reclamation. The trees will be RHMP stored in a workspace or at a log deck. Consult the Resource Specialists to - determine the amount, the size and the type of downed trees and CWD that is  Refer to Volume 7 of the Environmental Plans required (Section 4, Volume 7). for resource locations and specific mitigation measures:  Tree species, quantities retained, and tons/ha of rollback applied to the right-of-way will follow the BC MFLNRO forest health guidelines (BC - Section 4 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat MFLNRO 2012b). - Section 5 Vegetation  Restrict root grubbing to areas where soil removal is necessary (e.g., trench line and areas to be graded) to reduce surface disturbance and encourage re-sprouting/natural regeneration of trees and shrubs. [Section 8.0 Survey and Clearing].  Perform grubbing in a manner that minimizes the potential to damage adjacent trees. Consider close cutting vegetation to ground level and maintaining root structure within 2 m of the edge of the pipeline construction footprint where feasible. [Section 8.0 Survey and Clearing].  Maintain low vegetation or vegetated ground mat within the riparian buffer zone of watercourses, to the extent practical, by clearing only trees and walking-down low vegetation so low lying vegetation remains intact. Limit grubbing of cleared trees or mowed shrubs only to the trench line and work side area needed for the vehicle crossing to protect riparian areas. [Section 8.0 Survey and Clearing].  Restrict grubbing within 2 m of the edge of the pipeline construction footprint to prevent damaging adjacent trees [EPP, Section 7.0 Survey and Clearing]. Restrict  Use reduced ground disturbance construction techniques where site conditions and construction requirements allow, to avoid or minimize clearing of shrubby and herbaceous vegetation.  If approved by the Environmental Inspector, chip piles, which result from mulching stems in areas that are not grubbed or graded, will be spread evenly over the site and will not be more than 3 cm deep. Excess chips will be removed from the site.

5.1.1 Areas with Special Clearing Requirements Limit clearing adjacent to streams that support coastal tailed frogs and in OGMAs, to the extent feasible. Trees in riparian areas that must be removed will be not be cleared until just before construction. Large logs and root wads will be retained at coastal tailed frog streams and in OGMAs, unless the woody material is a forest health risk. Large logs are preferred. If the measure is not a risk to forest health, logs and root wads will be placed on the right-of-way during final cleanup. The special clearing areas are included in Tables 5.2 and 5.3.

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TABLE 5.2

SPECIAL CLEARING REQUIREMENTS AT COASTAL TAILED FROG STREAMS

Recommended KP Stream Crossing No. Stream Name Stream Class Riparian Buffer Clearing Requirements 995.0 BC-589 Unnamed S6 50 m Clear trees that must be removed just 995.9 BC-590 Unnamed S5 50 m prior to construction. Retain logs and large root wads for replacement during cleanup. 1000.0 BC-591 Boston Bar Creek S5 50 m Source: Digital Mapping April 2016

TABLE 5.3

SPECIAL CLEARING REQUIREMENTS IN OGMAS

KP Start KP End OGMA ID Clearing Requirements 994.1 994.3 Non-Legal: 40075 Minimize clearing and retain large, long logs (> 50 cm dbh and > 10 m in length, if possible) and 1000.1 1000.2 Legal: 8534 root wads for replacement during final clean-up (when this measure does not pose a forest health risk). 1000.5 1001.6 Legal: 8535 Source: Digital Mapping April 2016

5.2 Construction Mitigation Measures Construction mitigation measures related to reclamation include invasive species management, defining soil handling and management of the root zone material, and identifying areas that require specific final clean-up actions (Table 5.4). Areas in the Recreation Area that require special measures during final clean- up are described in Table 5.5.

TABLE 5.4

CONSTRUCTION RECLAMATION MEASURES

Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information Activity [Pipeline EPP reference, if any] (Environmental Plan Volume) Invasive Species  Equipment will arrive at all construction sites in the CSRA clean and free  Pipeline EPP (Section 7 General Pipeline Management of soil or vegetative debris. Construction Mitigation Measures and  Soil movement will be limited in areas known to contain dense Section 8.0 Survey and Clearing) in populations of weedy species or extensive seed banks of high priority Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans. weed species.  Refer to Volume 6 of the Environmental  Avoid moving root zone material outside the infested areas, if practical. Plans for specific mitigation measures: Priority weeds in the spread form extensive seedbanks and some spread - WVMP by root fragments. If soil is moved outside the infested zone, note the - Biosecurity Management Plan storage location on the Environmental Issues List.  Consider salvaging topsoil from the full construction right-of-way if localized weed infestations are encountered, as outlined in the WVMP (Section 5.0, Volume 6) and as approved by an Environmental Inspector in consultation with the Construction Manager [EPP, Section 7.0 General Pipeline Construction Mitigation Measures].  Shovel and sweep clean soil stripping equipment when leaving a weed infested area to minimize the movement of weed plant fragments and weed seed. Best management practices (BMPs) for equipment working in weed infested areas is included in the WVMP and the Biosecurity Management Plan.  In select sites that contain high priority species consider placing mats (e.g., construction mats or swamp mats) over weed infested areas in TWS to reduce construction equipment transporting weed or plant material, whenever practical. Where mats are used, they will be free of soil, vegetation and debris prior to removing from the site.  Soil will not be moved outside the Recreation Area boundary.

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TABLE 5.4 Cont'd

Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information Activity [Pipeline EPP reference, if any] (Environmental Plan Volume) Soil Handling  Soils in the Recreation Area crossed by the proposed pipeline  Pipeline EPP (Section 10.0 Topsoil and construction footprint lack topsoil. Soil handling specifications are Root Zone Material Handling and Grading, included on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Drawings for root zone and Appendix C) in Volume 2 of the material salvage are contained in the Pipeline EPP, Appendix C. Environmental Plans.  Avoid driving and parking construction equipment and vehicles in weed  EAS (Volume 8 of the Environmental infested areas until the soils have been stripped or the invasive species Plans). have been managed.  Soil Handling Contingency Plan  In areas that will be stripped, care should be taken not to move root zone (Appendix B, Pipeline EPP). material that contains weed seed or weed root fragments outside the  Refer to Volume 6 of the Environmental infested area. If soils must be moved, locations receiving weedy soils will Plans for specific mitigation measures: be included in the Environmental Issues List - Reclamation Management Plan  Soils will not be moved into or out of riparian buffers, to the extent - WVMP (Appendix F) practical. If soils from riparian areas must be stored outside of the riparian zone, they will be stored in weed-free areas, whenever practical.  Salvage and store soil clumps with intact vegetation at stream crossings, as directed in the Riparian Habitat Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).  Implement the Soil Handling Contingency Plan (see Appendix B of EPP) during topsoil/root zone material salvage if any of the following are encountered: - little or no topsoil/root zone material; uneven boundary between topsoils and subsoils; - poor colour separation between topsoils and subsoils; - stony soils; - uneven surface on tame pasture; and - high winds [EPP, Section 10.0 Topsoil and Root Zone Material Handling and Grading].  BC Parks’ soil handling requests will be accommodated if feasible. Any locations where BC Parks has requested soil handling which differs from the planned method will be recorded. Installing temporary  Sediment fencing and weed-free straw bales are the primary temporary  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Erosion and Sediment sediment control measures that will be used in the Recreation Area Environmental Plans) Control Measures and during construction. Where measures are necessary, they will be  Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 Permanent installed correctly, monitored and maintained throughout the construction of the Environmental Plans) Biostabilization period. Detailed drawings of temporary erosion and sediment control Measures measures are provided in the Pipeline EPP, Appendix C.  Permanent biostabilization measures for erosion control will be installed, as needed, during final clean-up. Measures include soil protection and soil stabilization methods (Tables 5.3-1 and 5.3-2, and their detailed drawings in the Pipeline EPP, Appendix C.  Use natural materials for permanent erosion control structures, when practical. Manage Root Zone  Monitor topsoil/root zone material piles during the course of construction  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Material and conduct corrective measures (e.g., spraying) to address weed Environmental Plans) growth as necessary [EPP, Section 7.0 General Pipeline Construction  WVMP (Volume 6 of the Environmental Mitigation]. Plans)  Water down the pipeline construction footprint, when warranted and as directed by Trans Mountain, to reduce or avoid the potential for dust emissions. Increase the frequency of watering roads and sites during periods of high risk (e.g., high winds). Additional dust abatement measures (e.g., covering topsoil/root zone material windrows, applying a tackifier) will be implemented, when warranted and approved by an Environmental Inspector [EPP, Section 10.0 Topsoil/Rootzone Material Handling and Grading].  Locate gaps in topsoil/root zone material piles at locations that are consistent with snow and/or grade material windrows to facilitate wildlife, livestock and equipment movement and trapper lines, in places that also facilitate construction such as at slope changes, crossings (i.e., watercourse, road, pipeline right-of-way and railway) and bends. The locations will be approved in the field by an Environmental Inspector [EPP, Section 10.0 Topsoil/Rootzone Material Handling and Grading].

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TABLE 5.4 Cont'd

Activity Reclamation Measure References for Additional Information [Pipeline EPP reference, if any] (Environmental Plan Volume) Soil Replacement  The mitigation measures for backfilling that are outlined in the Pipeline  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the EPP will be followed. Environmental Plans)  Replace grade material to a stable contour that will approximate the  Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 pre-construction contour, except where it is not practical or safe to do so. of the Environmental Plans) When replacing sidehill or other graded areas is not practical due to the risk of slope failure, the Construction Manager or designate, and a geotechnical engineer will determine the appropriate grade. [Section 12.0 Backfilling]  Re-compact fine textured trench spoil in lifts and tamp lightly to avoid trench subsidence and over-compaction. [Section 12.0 Backfilling]  Backfill the trench without mixing spoil with topsoil/root zone material pile or snow. Do not walk machinery on the topsoil/root zone material pile while backfilling spoil. [Section 12.0 Backfilling]  Postpone topsoil/root zone material replacement during wet conditions or high winds to prevent damage to soil structure or erosion of topsoil/root zone material. [Section 13.2 Final Clean-up]  Postpone compaction of frozen trench spoil until final clean-up in mid to late spring. [Section 12.0 Backfilling]  Replace root zone material at watercourse riparian areas in a manner that leaves the surface in a rough, textured condition to reduce surface water runoff  Revegetate as soon as feasible to reduce or avoid soil erosion, and establish long-term cover. [Section 13.3 Reclamation] Final Clean-Up  Recontour the pipeline construction footprint and re-establish the  Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the pre-construction grades and drainage channels if frozen soil conditions Environmental Plans) prevented completion of this task during backfilling. Regrade areas with  Refer to Volume 6 of the Environmental vehicle ruts, erosion gullies or where the trench has settled. Plans for specific mitigation measures: [Section 13.2 Final Clean-up] - Reclamation Management Plan  Confirm, prior to seeding and/or planting, that surface texturing is present - RHMP on steep slopes. Where grass vegetation establishment is desirable, implement track cleat imprinting by aligning the final pass of dozers parallel to the slope during the final pass. [EPP, Section 13.2 Final Clean-up]  Install rollback, coir/straw logs, an erosion control blanket or staked logs/log cribwall on exposed moderately to highly erodible soils on non- agricultural lands where there is potential for water or wind erosion prior to re-establishment of vegetation (see Rollback Dwg. 24, Coil/Straw Log Installation Dwg. 25, Erosion Control Matting/Blanket Dwg. 26 and Staked Logs/Log Cribwall for Erosion Control Dwg. 27 in Appendix C of the Pipeline EPP). [Section 13.0 Construction Clean-up and Reclamation].  Remove geotextile, swamp mats and matting from all locations on the pipeline construction footprint during clean-up unless otherwise approved by an Environmental Inspector. Review the UTM coordinates for locations where the above materials were installed to confirm that all materials are removed. [EPP, Section 13.2 Final Clean-up]  Replace instream features and streambanks at water crossings as approved by an Aquatics Resource Specialist (see Section 6.0 of the Reclamation Management Plan).  Install subsoil mounds on contours in riparian areas. The mounds will reduce erosion and enhance woody vegetation establishment. The root- zone material will be replaced over the subsoil mounds.

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TABLE 5.5

LOCATION AND FEATURES IN COQUIHALLA RECREATION AREA THAT REQUIRE SITE-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS DURING FINAL CLEAN-UP

RU KP Start KP End Feature Site-Specific Considerations1 Rollback2,3 5.8 989.7 989.4 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-583) grass rolls (see Table 5.7) as needed. approach slopes are gentle. 990.5 990.1 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-583a) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7) 990.7 990.4 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and TBD (BC-583b) install bank stabilization measures specified in (see Table 5.7) 990.6 990.6 Stream crossing Re-establish the drainage channel TBD (BC-583a1) 990.6 991.0 Small avalanche track, Restore visual appearance of rock outcrop TBD rock outcrop and rock and associated talus to match surrounding talus associated with a contours. gentle slope. 990.9 991.1 Wet soils Avoid compacting wet soils during Scatter 5 to 10 large diameter logs clean-up. Recontour to match surrounding throughout the wet area. Use large area and restore the drainage channels logs, if available (> 25 cm DBH associated with the wet area. and at least 3 m long). 991.1 991.1 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-584) grass rolls (see Table 5.7) as needed. approach slopes are gentle. 991.6 991.6 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-585) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7) 991.9 991.9 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-585a) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7) 992.1 992.1 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-585b) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7) 992.3 992.3 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC-586) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7) 992.9 993.1 Rock cliff and rock Restore natural feature by piling and TBD talus associated with a contouring excess rock and talus at the gentle slope. Cliff is on base of the existing rock outcrop (north the upslope side side of the right-of-way). (north) of the right-of-way 992.9 993.1 Very steep, talus Recontour to reduce erosion hazard but No rollback, but use logs for dominated gully (Dry blend in with gully formation, if feasible. erosion control on steep slopes, if gulch) includes Install biostabilization measures, if needed appropriate. Stream Crossing BC- (Section 4.3.1). 587 (NCD) Re-establish drainage channel 994.1 994.3 OGMA (40075) Recontour to match surrounding area. Placement of large course woody debris and root wads on right-of- way will be approved by the Environmental Inspector. Objective is to group rather than pile the woody debris. Shrubs and trees will be planted in and around the grouping. 994.2 994.2 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Retain logs for crib structures for (BC-588) install bank stabilization measures erosion control on steep approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes. 994.9 994.9 Stream Crossing Re-establish the drainage channel TBD (BC-588a) 995.0 995.0 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Distribute large logs or root wads (BC-589) and coastal install bank stabilization measures on right-of-way to provide habitat tailed frog stream specified in (see Table 5.7) features.

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TABLE 5.5 Cont’d

RU KP Start KP End Feature Site-Specific Considerations1 Rollback2,3 5.9 995.1 995.6 Avalanche track in Avoid compacting wet soils during cleanup TBD steep terrain and restore drainage channel that crosses the right-of-way. Construct soil mounds on the approach slopes to minimize downslope soil movement. Consider installing additional biostabilization measures if warranted (Section 5.3.1). Do not leave rollback in the avalanche path. 995.5 995.5 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and TBD (BC-589.1) install bank stabilization measures specified in (see Table 5.7) 995.7 995.7 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and TBD (BC-589.2) install bank stabilization measures specified in (see Table 5.7) 995.8 995.8 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Steep slopes are perpendicular to (BC-589a) install bank stabilization measures the stream crossing. Approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes have relatively gentle slopes and rollback is not required. 995.9 995.9 Stream Crossing Re-establish the drainage channel TBD (BC-589b) 995.9 995.9 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Distribute large logs or root wads (BC-590) and coastal install bank stabilization measures on right-of-way to provide habitat tailed frog stream specified in (see Table 5.7) features. 996.0 996.1 Avalanche track in Avoid compacting wet soils during clean TBD steep terrain up and restore drainage channel that crosses the right-of-way. Construct soil mounds on the approach slopes to minimize downslope soil movement. Consider installing additional biostabilization measures if warranted (Section 5.3.1). Do not leave rollback in the avalanche path. 996.5 996.8 Avalanche track and Avoid compacting wet soils during clean TBD old road to power line up and restore drainage channels that in steep terrain. cross the right-of-way. Divert drainage from the old road to vegetated areas if needed. Construct soil mounds on the approach slopes to minimize downslope soil movement. Consider installing additional biostabilization measures if warranted (Section 5.3-2). Do not leave rollback in the avalanche path. 996.8 997.6 Rock outcrop in Restore shape and appearance of natural TBD moderately sloped feature to the extent feasible. Consider terrain using excess rock and talus in this area. Install biostabilization measures as warranted (Section 5.3.1). 5.10 997.8 997.8 Rock outcrop in flat Restore shape and appearance of natural TBD area adjacent to feature to the extent feasible. Consider Highway crossing using excess rock and talus in this area to block access to the right-of-way. Leave small, relatively flat openings between rocks for plantings. 997.7 997.7 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Retain logs for crib structures for (BC-590a1) install bank stabilization measures erosion control on steep approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes 998.1 998.1 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Retain logs for crib structures for (BC-590.1) install bank stabilization measures erosion control on steep approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes 999.4 999.4 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Retain logs for crib structures for (BC-590a2) install bank stabilization measures erosion control on steep approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes 999.7 999.7 Stream Crossing Recontour banks using bank material and None required, stream crossing (BC--590a3) install bank stabilization measures approach slopes are gentle. specified in (see Table 5.7)

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TABLE 5.5 Cont’d

RU KP Start KP End Feature Site-Specific Considerations1 Rollback2,3 5.10 999.7 999.7 Stream crossing Recontour banks using bank material and Distribute large logs or root wads (cont’d) (BC-591) install bank stabilization measures on right-of-way to provide habitat specified in (see Table 5.7) features. 1000.1 1000.2 OGMA (8534) Recontour to match surrounding area. Placement of large course woody debris and root wads on right-of- way will be approved by the Environmental Inspector. Objective is to group rather than pile the woody debris. Shrubs and trees will be planted in and around the grouping. 1001.7 1001.8 Avalanche track in Avoid compacting wet soils during clean TBD steep terrain up and restore drainage channel that crosses the right-of-way. Install biostabilization measures if warranted. Do not leave rollback in the avalanche path. 1001.9 1002.0 Avalanche track Avoid compacting wet soils during clean TBD associated with a rock up and restore drainage channels as cliff in steep terrain needed. Install biostabilization measures if warranted. Do not leave rollback in the avalanche path. 1001.6 1001.6 Stream Crossing (BC- Recontour banks using bank material and Retain logs for crib structures for 592) install bank stabilization measures erosion control on steep approach specified in (see Table 5.7) slopes. 1000.5 1001.6 OGMA (8535) Recontour to match surrounding area. Placement of large course woody debris and root wads on right-of- way will be approved by the Environmental Inspector. Objective is to group rather than pile the woody debris. Shrubs and trees will be planted in and around the grouping. Source: Digital Mapping April 2016 Notes: 1 Refer to Tables 5.3-1 and 5.3-2 for additional biostabilization measures that will be used when practical. 2 TBD The extent of rollback will be determined in consultation with BC Parks. 3 Tree species with potential to impact forest health will not be used as rollback.

5.3 Post-Construction Reclamation Measures The post-construction reclamation measures to be implemented in the Recreation Area are designed to prevent environmental degradation and enhance wildlife and recreational use of the pipeline construction footprint. Biostabilization measures will protect the soil and stabilize slopes and stream banks and access control measures will limit unapproved access to the reclaimed Project area and adjacent sensitive areas. Wildlife and recreational features that will be constructed will be developed in consultation with BC Parks and may include providing wildlife cover, resting or nesting sites or a cross—country / mountain biking or hiking trail along a portion of the right-of-way (see Section 8.7 of the Recreation Area PUP). The reclamation objectives will be achieved by developing suitable seeding and planting prescriptions and implementing the post-construction invasive species control program to verify that the revegetation program is a success.

5.3.1 Biostabilization Biostabilization techniques that use plants and plant materials will be used to protect the soil and to stabilize slopes and banks, where appropriate. Stabilization methods using plant material have technical, aesthetic and ecological benefits. Biostabilization techniques are suitable for areas with a substrate that will support root growth and a climate that will support the chosen plant species.

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Biostabilization works are expected to be implemented on slopes, erosion prone areas, and in riparian areas. A description of potential soil protection and stabilization techniques, areas of use, and materials required are provided in Tables 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. Technique drawings, as well as additional techniques that may be used, are included in the Pipeline EPP, Appendix C, Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans.

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TABLE 5.6

POTENTIAL SOIL PROTECTION TECHNIQUES

Biostabilization Technique Technique Description Potential Areas of Use Timing Materials Needed Considerations Track Cleat Imprinting Use tracked equipment to create grooves with the tracks that would run perpendicular to runoff.  Slopes  During final clean-up  Tracked equipment (e.g., excavator, grader)  Do not work on excessively wet soils.  Dissipates surface flow energy which otherwise would cause rills and gullying. Mulches Straw or wood cellulose is applied to disturbed soils by machine (hydroseeding) or spread by hand.  Slopes  After plant stock installation, if planned,  Straw (weed-free)  Use certified weed-free straw providers when available.  Prevents movement of surface soil.  Wind and water erosion prone soils and during or after seeding  Cellulose  Retains soil moisture.  Dry, coarse-textured soils  Seed approved by Land Manager  Inhibits germination of weed species that require open mineral soil.  Weed infested sites Tackifiers A binding agent typically used during hydroseed applications. The tackifier binds the cellulose mulch and  Slopes  Before plant stock installation, if  Tackifers are commercially available  Biodegradable tackifiers made from natural products forms an earthy-like crust that stabilizes the soil surface, keeps the seed in place and retains soil moisture.  Wind and water erosion prone soils planned, and during or after seeding  Application rate varies by site conditions; higher are preferred.  Prevents movement of surface soil.  Dry, coarse-textured soils applications are recommended for steep slopes and  Retains soil moisture. very coarse-textured soils CWD and Rollback Woody material salvaged during the clearing program is spread evenly over soils disturbed by the Project.  Level to steep slopes  After final clean-up and topsoil  Coniferous and deciduous tree stems and branches  CWD must be stockpiled during clearing. (Drawing 24: Pipeline EPP,  Logs placed perpendicular to the slope prevent soil ravelling and provide planting microsites.  Stream banks replacement and before seeding  The majority of the material will have diameters >  CWD should be a range of sizes. Small material Volume 2, Appendix C of  Instream logs and downed trees with branches (tree revetments) divert stream flow from erodible  Instream 10 cm protects the soil surface and large material (> 30 cm) the Environmental Plans) banks, slow stream flow and provide instream fish habitat.  Very large trees (as large as possible) and root wads prevents soil ravelling and provides wildlife habitat. Very large diameter logs and root wads are useful in wildlife areas. Chipping Chip non-salvageable timber and slash in designated areas with a truck or trailer mounter  Level to steep slopes  After final clean-up and topsoil  Non-salvageable timber  Chips must be sufficiently scattered to avoid chipper/mulcher, as approved by the Environmental Inspector.  Wind erodible soils replacement accumulations of 3 cm in depth and leave no less than  Prevents movement of surface soil. 25% of the native vegetation exposed.  Retains soil moisture.  Consult with Appropriate Government Authorities if chips are transported to locations along the right-of-way different from the chip sources. Erosion Control Mats Nets made from jute, coir matting or synthetic fibers are secured with pegs or steel stakes over seeded  Highly erodible slopes  After seeding and mulching  Commercially available mats  Biodegradable mats made from natural products are (Drawing 26: Pipeline EPP, areas. Mat edges are buried in the soil.  Steep slopes exposed to wind preferred. Volume 2, Appendix C of  Anchors the seed and mulch providing better soil protection. the Environmental Plans)  Assists vegetation establishment in low-flow channels. Live Brush Mats Live stem cuttings and branches, typically willows, are harvested when dormant and placed in rows across  Moist slopes  When plants are dormant; late fall and  Species used must be capable of vegetative  Requires a large amount of dormant plant material. the slope surface (~20 to 50 stems/m2). Rows should overlap and branch ends are covered with soil.  Moist riparian and stream bank soils late winter; can be installed throughout propagation Branch tops are secured to the soil surface with cord, mats and stakes. Rooting is improved if all branches  Habitat areas that require a vegetation the winter in areas with little snow and receive a light covering of soil. The butt ends of the branches should be fixed by stones, facines, poles or screen quickly ground frost wattle fences (Table 5.10-2).  Provides immediate cover and erosion protection.  Rapid stem growth and root development. Brush Wind Barrier Above ground stems, shrubs and trees (slash) are salvaged during clearing and securely anchored to the  Exposed, windblown ridges  After final clean-up and topsoil  Coniferous and deciduous trees, stems and shrubs  Stems are not expected to grow. (Drawing 28: Pipeline EPP, ground by hand or machine. Clumps of 5 to 10 stems are installed into the soil a minimum depth of 30 cm  Habitat areas that require a vegetation replacement and before seeding or Volume 2, Appendix C of and protrude above the ground a minimum of 50 cm. Clumps can be installed randomly or in a hedge row, screen quickly during reclamation the Environmental Plans) grid pattern.  Provides immediate cover and erosion protection. Wind Fencing Wind fence is installed to protect soils until vegetation establishes. Install fence as approved by the  Wind erodible soils  After final clean-up and topsoil  Wind fence  Remove fence once vegetation establishes. Environmental Inspector.  Exposed, windblown ridges replacement and before seeding or  T-bar  Provides immediate cover and erosion protection.  Habitat areas that require a vegetation during reclamation  Metal or plastic ties screen quickly Coir Straw Logs Dig trench across slope, install coir straw logs and secure with wooden stakes. Location of logs will be  Moderate to steep slopes  After final clean-up or during reclamation  Coir straw logs or similar erosion control product  Ensure material used is biodegradable. (Drawing 25: Pipeline EPP, approved by the Environmental Inspector.  Water erosion prone soils when deficiencies are observed Volume 2, Appendix C of  Prevents rilling and gullying.  Riparian areas the Environmental Plans) Diversion Channels and Position and construct channels and berms across slope so they contain and divert runoff away from  Very steep, moist slopes  During final clean-up  Grading equipment  Line channels to limit erosion on steep slopes. Berms disturbed soils. Correct size and location will be approved by the Environmental Inspector. (Drawing 21: Pipeline EPP,  Limits erosion caused by excessive sheet flow. Volume 2, Appendix C of the Environmental Plans) Slope Drain Construct a temporary diversion channel and berm along the top of a cut or fill slope to collect direct  Steep cut or fill slopes  During final clean-up  Grading equipment  Secure slope drains with an appropriate approved runoff. Conduit will be installed in the channel and extend beyond the toe of the slope with an appropriate  Very steep, moist slopes  Heavy duty flexible tubing or over-side drain measure. dissipater at the downslope outlet of the drain. Correct size and location will be approved by the Environmental Inspector.  Runoff is conveyed down the slope while preventing erosion on the face of the slope.

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TABLE 5.6 Cont'd

Biostabilization Technique Technique Description Potential Areas of Use Timing Materials Needed Considerations Tree Revetment Transport tree to site with minimum handling to reduce damage to tree and place lengthwise along or  Erosion prone stream banks  During streambank reclamation  Minimum 10 m high coniferous tree with adequate  Additional measures should be taken to enhance bank (Drawing 48: Pipeline EPP, across the bank to be protected at the downstream end with the tips of the tree pointed downstream. branches protection (armour, coir soil wraps and live stake/shrub Volume 2, Appendix C of Secure the tree with thick natural fibre rope to an anchor made of a large log or rock. Bury the anchor  Thick natural fiber rope planting). the Environmental Plans) firmly back in from the bank edge.  Slows the velocity of water along the bank reducing erosion.

TABLE 5.7

POTENTIAL SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUES

Biostabilization Technique Technique Description Areas of Use Timing Materials Needed Considerations Grass roll  Excavate a shallow trench along the ordinary high watermark parallel to the toe of the back and  Stream banks with level to moderate approach  After final clean-up or during  Sod  Sod must contain species native to the site (Drawing 48: Pipeline EPP, line the trench with burlap slopes reclamation  Stakes  Sod material must be salvaged and stored during Volume 2, Appendix C of  Install sod in the middle of the roll and wrap with burlap covers. Tie with twine and cut slits to  Burlap construction the Environmental Plans) expose sections of the sod  Stake or anchor the roll, ensuring up and downstream ends are secured to prevent washing out Live Cuttings Dormant, unbranched plant cuttings are planted by burying 2/3 of the cutting length in angled trenches  Shallow to steep, moist slopes  When plants are dormant; late fall  Healthy 1-year-old or older stems of small diameter  Live cutting can be driven into gaps of stone walls or (Drawing 52: Pipeline EPP, or making a narrow hole in the soil using a metal rod or crowbar, placing the live cutting in the hole  Riparian areas and late winter; can be installed (approximately 3 cm) and moderate length (< 2 m) rip-rap. Volume 2, Appendix C of and firming the soil around the stem. Common species for cuttings are willow, black cottonwood,  Stream banks throughout the winter in areas with  Species must be capable of vegetative propagation the Environmental Plans) balsam poplar and red-osier dogwood. little snow and ground frost  Habitat areas that require a vegetative screen  Plantings can occur during late fall and late winter. quickly  Growing stakes utilize slope moisture.  Low cost stabilization technique.  A large area can be planted quickly. Live Shrub Staking Dormant, unbranched plant cuttings are planted in bundles of 20 by burying 2/3 of the cutting length in  Shallow to steep, moist slopes  When plants are dormant; late fall  Utilize backhoe if available for burying bundles  Consider soil moisture conditions while selecting (Drawing 52: Pipeline EPP, angled trenches and firming the soil around the stem. At least 2/3 of the stem length should be buried.  Riparian areas and late winter; can be installed  Healthy 1-year-old or older stems of small diameter appropriate plant. Volume 2, Appendix C of Common species for cuttings are willow, black cottonwood, balsam poplar and red-osier dogwood.  Stream banks throughout the winter in areas with (approximately 3 cm) and moderate length (< 2 m) the Environmental Plans) little snow and ground frost  Plantings can occur during late fall and late winter.  Habitat areas that require a vegetative screen  Species must be capable of vegetative propagation  Growing stakes utilize slope moisture. quickly  Low cost stabilization technique.  A large area can be planted quickly. Cover Crop Seed soils disturbed by the Project with a fast-growing species along with the area designated seed  Everywhere  During seeding  Potential species include fall rye, perennial or annual  Consult with Environmental Inspector to determine mix. ryegrass seed application rate for area.  Controls erosion and limits weed growth while pre-disturbance vegetation establishes. Wattle Fences Wooden stakes or large dormant stems are hammered into the soil at ~50 cm intervals. Interval length  Very steep, moist slopes or stream banks  When plants are dormant; late fall  Stakes (wooden or larger diameter stems) that are at  Requires a large amount of dormant plant material. is dependent on the length of the flexible live stakes. At least 2/3 of the stakes should be buried in  Short fences can be used to retain returned soil and late winter; can be installed least 100 cm long soil. Flexible live stems are woven between the stakes and each woven layer is pressed firmly into the that is prone to wind erosion throughout the winter in areas with  Healthy 1-year-old or older stems of small diameter soil. Wattle height will vary with slope gradient. One side of the wattle fence should be in contact with little snow and ground frost (approximately 3 cm) and approximately 1 m in length the slope face.  Species must be capable of vegetative propagation  Fences can be straight lines or in diagonal patterns forming diamond shapes.  Immediate ground stabilization.  Enables the formation of stable terraces. Facines and Facine Drains Facines are tied bundles of stems that contain at least 5 live stems are placed in shallow trenches  Stabilize deep soil on wet slopes  When plants are dormant; late fall  Long branches and stems  Diagonal facine drains can be used in conjunction (~30 cm wide and up to 50 cm deep). The facines are fixed in the trench with live or dead stakes that  Topsoil retention and late winter; can be installed  Species must be capable of vegetative propagation with water bars. are at least 60 cm long and the trench is backfilled.  Improve and direct drainage on wet slopes (facine throughout the winter in areas with  Facine drains use a combination of bundles of dead stems and branches, and separate bundles drains) little snow and ground frost of live stakes. The dead facines are placed in the bottom of the trench and covered with live stem facines.  Horizontal facines retain moisture and assist vegetation re-establishment  Diagonal facines that are on a gradient assists drainage (facine drains).  Simple and effective stabilization and a short construction time.  If drainage to a greater depth than 30 cm is required, the trench excavation should be deeper and the bottom of the trench should be filled with gravel. Facine drains can be aligned straight downslope.

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TABLE 5.7 Cont’d

Biostabilization Technique Technique Description Areas of Use Timing Materials Needed Considerations Furrow Planting Trenches that are 30 cm to 60 cm wide and up to 25 cm deep are dug across the slope. Live facines  Angled furrow plantings stabilize wet, moderately  When plants are dormant; late fall  Live cuttings  Rich soils in the trench (topsoil, organic soils) are placed on the downslope side of the trench and fixed with stakes. Young rooted plants are planted steep slopes and late winter; can be installed  Rooted shrubs increase growth rate of planted stock. on the upslope side of the furrow and the trench is backfilled. throughout the winter in areas with  Stakes Impedes the free flow of surface and subsurface water that can cause slides. little snow and ground frost  Topsoil or organic soils  Live facines must use species capable of vegetative propagation Staked Logs Cut a step into the slope and push in wood stakes. Install fitted logs upslope of the stake and secure  Steep slopes  During final clean-up or reclamation  Locally salvaged logs and stakes  Use a backhoe for installation of stakes/logs where (Drawing 27: Pipeline EPP, with biodegradable rope. Create a pocket upslope of the horizontally staked logs and install live shrub  Highly erodible slopes  Burlap, coir or other biodegradable material liner possible. Volume 2, Appendix C of stakes, backfill with topsoil or line pocket with biodegradable fabric, fill with topsoil or other nutrient  Slopes with minimal topsoil the Environmental Plans) rich approved medium and install plants. Allows plant establishment on slopes where topsoil is limited. Brush and Hedge Layers Trenches are cut into a slope and live cuttings are placed, in a criss-cross pattern in the trench and  All slopes and soil types, although growth rate is  Brush layers are constructed when  Live cuttings  Species used for hedge layers must be species that (Drawing 51: Pipeline EPP, the trench is backfilled. All but 0.25 m of the stems should be exposed when complete. Trenches can higher in moist soils plants are dormant; late fall and late  Rooted plants for hedge layers produce adventitious roots. be straight across the slope (to prevent sloughing) or at an angle (to assist drainage). Rooted plants Volume 2, Appendix C of  Hedge layers typically used where willows are not winter; can be installed throughout  Use species capable of vegetative propagation  Hedge layers and brush and hedge layers require a the Environmental Plans) that can withstand complete soil cover are used for hedge layers. The rooted plants are placed flat on available the winter in areas with little snow high number of rooted plants. the bottom of the trench and covered with soil. and ground frost  Approximately one-third of the rooted cutting length is left exposed.  Hedge layers are constructed in  Protects and stabilizes banks. spring or fall  Brush and hedge layers establish pioneer and climax vegetation in one operation.  Technique is applicable for very sensitive areas. Cordons Horizontal trenches are cut into the slope and poles or logs are placed on the trench bottom and  Slopes prone to slides  When plants are dormant; late fall  Live cuttings  Retain conifer branches during clearing program. covered with conifer branches and topped with soil (~10 cm deep). Live cuttings are placed very close  Suitable for steep slopes with heavy textured soil and late winter; can be installed  Poles or large logs together on top of the soil. The live cuttings are then backfilled with soil. throughout the winter in areas with  Conifer branches  Effective slope stabilization. little snow and ground frost  Use species capable of vegetative propagation  Quick rooting of cuttings in the loosened soil. Large Gully Control Live cuttings are placed in a herringbone pattern with the cut ends facing the bottom of the gully. Each  Up to 8 m wide and 3 m deep erosion channels  When plants are dormant; late fall  Live cuttings  Retain logs from the clearing program. layer of cuttings is covered with soil. Tips remain exposed and cut ends are buried to a maximum and gullies that are subject to periodic flooding and late winter; can be installed  Poles or large logs depth of 0.5 m. Secure logs across the gully, approximately 2 m apart.  Areas with slow, but steady erosion throughout the winter in areas with  Use species capable of vegetative propagation  Immediate soil protection. little snow and ground frost  Installed cuttings slow water flow and increase siltation.  Vegetation cover established quickly. Small Gully Control Live cutting of uniform diameter and length are hammered into the soil and secured with wire or willow  Narrow shallow to steep gullies  When plants are dormant in late fall  Live cuttings  Retain logs from the clearing program for cross (Stake Fences) stems to cross berms that are keyed deeply into the sides of a gully. and late winter; can be installed  Poles/large tree stems for cross braces bracing.  Provides immediate protection by slowing runoff and increasing siltation. throughout the winter in areas with  Use species capable of vegetative propagation  A dense vegetation cover forms quickly. little snow and ground frost

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5.3.2 Seeding and Planting Seeding Natural regeneration will be the preferred revegetation technique in forb dominated plant communities that do not contain invasive species (Dickson and Busby 2009) and other areas where potential soil erosion and non-native invasive species infestation is low, and where it is anticipated that the root zone material contains a propagule bank (e.g., seed, stem or root pieces) of suitable species. A light seeding of an annual cover crop may occur in these areas if the soils are considered susceptible to wind or water erosion. In the Recreation area, natural regeneration is targeted for in riparian areas, OGMAs and areas that contain plants of importance to Aboriginal groups, such as wet areas that naturally support stinging nettle and Devil’s club.

Disturbed soils in open-canopy forests that contain native grasses in the understory and areas that contain invasive species will be seeded with a native grass seed mix. With the seeding of a rapidly establishing cover crop and an appropriate seed mix for the location, it is expected that seeded areas will have an established vegetative cover within one year following reclamation. General seeding reclamation measures are provided in Table 5.8. Seeding prescriptions and seed mixes for the Recreation Area are included in Table 5.9 and Table 5.10, respectively.

The use of chemical fertilizers will be limited, but will be applied where warranted (i.e., areas that receive woody debris or wood chips or extremely nutrient deficient soils). Forest removal and ground disturbance have shown to have detrimental effects on soil nutrients (Vitousek and Matson 1985) and in these areas a single fertilizer application is often recommended to enhance early establishment and growth of vegetation, which helps restore soil structure and organic matter content (Hinckley et al. 1992, BC FPC 1997). A slow-release nitrogen fertilizer will be used in the woody areas and phosphorus fertilizers may be used to assist the re-establishment of native forbs in mixed grass/forb communities (Grygiel et al. 2012). The fertilizer application rate will vary based on site conditions and soil analysis completed for the Application. A 15-metre “no fertilizer application zone” or buffer zone will be implemented around flowing water.

TABLE 5.8

GENERAL SEEDING RECLAMATION MEASURES

Description Reclamation Measures Timing of seeding  Seeding will occur as soon as practical following construction (Section 4.0). Ideally seeding will occur immediately following root zone material replacement, but the final seed mix will be applied at an appropriate time for germination and growth. Seedbed preparation  During the construction final clean-up phase, before reclamation seeding, tracked equipment will be used to imprint soils at right angles to the direction of the slope (track packing). Track packing helps prevent soil erosion and provides micro sites to capture moisture for seed germination. Where it is determined that soil conditions and track packing is sufficient, no further harrowing or hand raking of root zone material will be implemented.  If soils have formed a soil crust before seeding occurs, a harrow will be used after seed is distributed to ensure a good soil/seed contact. Seed Selection  The highest seed grade of native seed that is available will be obtained. Seed that contains Prohibited Noxious or Noxious weeds as identified in the Certificate of Analysis will not be accepted or used. The Certificates of Analysis will be retained and provided to BC Parks, upon request.  In riparian areas, grass cover crop and/or native grass seed mixes that will be used will support the establishment of installed and naturally regenerating native woody plants and will provide erosion protection in the short-term. Seeding Method  Broadcast seeding is the preferred seeding method for the Recreation Area. Methods to be considered include aerial seeding, a small excavator or ATVs equipped with a broadcast seeder. Soil and slope conditions in the Recreation area are not suitable for Valmar or drill seeding. Site Protection  Minimize vehicle traffic on newly seeded areas until grass establishment has taken place.

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TABLE 5.9

COQUIHALLA RECREATION AREA SEED PRESCRIPTION

Pre-Construction Common RU Plant Communities BEC KP Start KP End Seeding Prescription 5.8 Young forests in MSmw1 988.7 994.6  Seed general areas with a native grass seed mix that includes annual mesic to dry soils agronomic grass cover crop species (Table 5.10, Seed Mix: MS 1) 5.9 Interior sub-alpine ESSFmw 994.6 996.8  Seed riparian areas prone to erosion with a native short-lived cover crop mature and old (natural regeneration is the objective) (Table 5.10, Seed Mix: Cover Crop) forests in mesic soils  Seed riparian and wet soil areas that contain weedy species with a native grass seed mix and the annual agronomic grass cover crop species (Table 5.10, Seed Mix: MS 1 and Cover Crop) 5.10 Coastal sub-alpine MHmm2 996.8 1002.1  Seed general areas that are prone to erosion with a light seeding of a native mature and old CWHms1 short-lived cover crop species (natural regeneration is the objective) forests in mesic to (Table 5.10: Seed Mix: Cover Crop) fresh soils  Seed general areas that contain weeds with a native grass seed mix and an annual agronomic grass cover crop species (Table 5.10, Seed Mix: CWH 1 and Cover Crop)  Seed riparian and wet soil areas that contain weedy species with a native grass seed mix and an annual agronomic grass cover crop species (Table 5.10, Seed Mix: CWH 1 and Cover Crop)

TABLE 5.10

COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA SEED MIXES

Seed Mix: MS 1 Seed Mix: Cover Crop Montane Spruce (MS) Mountain Hemlock (MH)/ Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) Engelmann Spruce, Subalpine fir (ESSF) Natural regeneration - cover crop only Species Scientific Name % Wt Species Scientific Name % Wt Tufted hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa 5% Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum 100% Fowl bluegrass Poa palustris 10% Blue wildrye Elymus glaucus 25% Fringed bromegrass Bromus ciliatus 30% June grass Koeleria macrantha 10% Rocky Mt. fescue Festuca saximontana 20% 100% 100% Broadcast seeding Rate 10 kg/ha Broadcast seeding Rate 10 kg/ha Pure live seed/m2* 1540 Pure live seed/m2* 400 Pure Live seed / hand print 30 Pure Live seed / hand print 10 Seed Mix: CWH 1 Mountain Hemlock (MH) Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) Species Scientific Name % Wt Mountain bromegrass Bromus marginatus 20% Fringed bromegrass Bromus ciliatus 20% Blue wildrye Elymus glaucus 50% Slender hairgrass Deschampsia elongata 10% 100% Broadcast seeding Rate 25 kg/ha Pure live seed/m2* 1750 Pure Live seed / hand print 35 Note: * Assumes all species have an 80% Pure Live Seed rating.

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Tree and Shrub Planting Temporary workspace areas will be planted with conifer species appropriate for the natural ecosystem. The conifers will be planted according to BC MFLNRO stocking standards for the ecosystem, unless BC Parks requests otherwise. Native shrubs will be planted is select areas of the right-of-way. Native alder, willow, salmonberry and thimbleberry are recommended for planting in riparian areas. Other early seral shrub species and berry producing species will be planted in specific areas for the benefit of wildlife and Recreation Area users. Recommended tree and shrub species for the Recreation Area are provided in Tables 5.11 and 5.12, respectively.

Tree seedlings will be planted in previously forested areas. Species planted will be determined in consultation with BC Parks. The tree species that are listed in Table 5.11 are suggested based on BC MFLNRO tree species selection guidelines for the biogeoclimatic subzones in the Recreation Area (Lloyd et al. 1990, Green and Klinka 1994). The Recreation Area is a candidate regeneration critical habitat area for whitebark pine and this will be considered when species and planting specifications are determined. Lodgepole pine is a recommended species for the ecological zones in the Recreation Area, but lodgepole pine will not be planted because they are susceptible to mountain pine beetle when mature, which can devastate whitebark pine stands.

TABLE 5.11

TREE SPECIES RECOMMENDED FOR PLANTING IN THE COQUIHALLA RECREATION AREA

Tree Species RU Ecosystem Types1 Common Name 5.8 Interior, moist upland (MSdm1, MSmw1) Douglas-fir, hybrid white spruce, western larch, subalpine fir 5.9 Interior Subalpine (ESSFmw) Engelmann spruce, amabilis fir, subalpine fir 5.10 Coastal Subalpine (MHmm2) MH, amabilis fir, Engelmann spruce 5.10 Coastal Upland (CWHms1) Douglas-fir, western redcedar, grand fir (moist area) Sources: Lloyd et al. 1990, Green and Klinka 1994 Note: 1 Ecosystem descriptions are included Section 4.1, Table 4.2.

Shrubs will be considered for planting at stream crossings, in wet soils, on erosion prone slopes, in avalanche tracks that support shrub growth, in OGMAs and in berry picking sites.

The species to plant and planting locations will be determined in consultation with BC Parks and interested Aboriginal groups. Shrub species that are adapted to the ecosystem conditions of the area and common to open areas are provided in Table 5.12. Dormant plant material and some propagation material will be collected from areas scheduled for disturbance or in adjacent areas, with permission of BC Parks. Some rooted plants may be purchased from local suppliers that produce native shrub species.

TABLE 5.12

SHRUB SPECIES SUITABLE FOR PLANTING IN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

RU Ecosystem Type Area of Use Species Stock Type 5.8 Interior Moist Upland Stream Crossings/Wet soils/Erosion prone slopes Sitka willow Dormant stakes Sitka alder Rooted plants Avalanche shrub thickets Sitka willow Dormant stakes Sitka alder Rooted plants Berry picking sites saskatoon Rooted plants black huckleberry snowberry 5.9 Interior Subalpine Stream Crossings/Erosion prone slopes Sitka willow Dormant stakes Sitka alder Rooted plants Avalanche shrub thickets Sitka willow Dormant stakes Sitka alder Rooted plants

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TABLE 5.12 Cont’d

RU Ecosystem Type Area of Use Species Stock Type 5.9 Interior Subalpine OGMA black huckleberry Rooted plants Rooted (cont’d) (cont’d) falsebox plants black cottonwood Rooted plants trembling aspen Dormant stakes Berry picking sites black huckleberry Rooted plants black gooseberry 5.10 Coastal Subalpine Stream Crossings/Erosion prone slopes Sitka willow Dormant stakes Coastal Upland salmonberry Rooted plants thimbleberry Rooted plants Avalanche shrub thickets Sitka alder Rooted plants devil’s club OGMAs Alaskan blueberry Rooted plants Rooted black huckleberry plants thimbleberry Rooted plants paper birch Rooted plants black cottonwood Dormant stakes Berry picking sites Alaskan blueberry Rooted plants oval-leaved blueberry black huckleberry

5.3.3 Watercourse Crossings The objective of watercourse restoration is to stabilize the channel and restore both the morphology and integrity of the watercourse to the condition that existed prior to construction to the extent practical. Pre-construction instream features will be replaced and the stream banks, approach slopes and associated riparian areas will be reclaimed. Clean-up methods to restore the stream banks and approach slopes are included in Table 5.5. The final clean-up methods are based on field assessments conducted for the Project by Qualified Aquatics Environmental Specialists. The 11 streams that are encountered by the Project in the Recreation Area fall into two main categories: (1) creeks that cross through relatively gentle slopes and (2) streams in steep terrain. Reclamation of riparian habitats adjacent to streams in gently sloped terrain will focus on establishing a diverse shrub and forb plant community. Natural regeneration supplemented by shrub plantings will occur, when practical. If the area is prone to wind erosion or if there are invasive plants in the area, a native grass seed mix (Table 5.10 Seed Mix MS1 for MS and ESSF areas and Seed Mix CWH1 for CWH and MH areas) or a heavier application of the native grass cover crop (Table 5.10, Seed Mix Cover Crop) will be applied. Reclamation of riparian habitats for the Recreation Area are detailed in the Riparian Habitat Management Plan. Watercourse reclamation measures for crossings in the Recreation Area are provided in Table 5.13.

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TABLE 5.13

WATERCOURSE RECLAMATION MEASURES

Stream Crossing Reclamation KP No. Method1 Reclamation Measures Application Criteria Standard Procedures for all Watercourses in Prior to Instream Work Standard procedures that apply to the Recreation Area Identify any instream site-specific features at the crossing proposed all watercourses listed in the and record their location (e.g., root wad, large woody debris and large Watercourse Crossing Summary boulders). Salvage these for use later. Tables in Appendices A to G. During Instream Work Salvage upper coarse-textured substrate material from the channel and banks, and stockpile separately from lower substrate. At the Completion of Instream Work Return the watercourse bed and banks to their pre-construction configuration and alignment. Cap disturbed area of the channel and banks with salvaged substrate and extend replacement of cobbles and boulders to the ordinary high water level (OHWL) if adequate material is available. Replace any site-specific features that are important for fishes or other aquatic organisms (i.e., as initially salvaged or as part of compensation/offset approved by the Environmental Inspector). Install the appropriate temporary erosion and sediment control measures, where warranted (e.g., sediment fence, erosion control blanket, coir logs, etc.). Seed with an appropriate grass mix and/or cover crop species as directed in Sections 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8 and Appendices A to G. 990.6 BC-583a1 A or B Method A: For shallow or poorly-defined 994.9 (NCD) Recontour bed and banks/approach slopes to pre-construction channels, including NCDs with 995.9 BC–588a profiles and grades. Where restoration of the pre-construction grade is low or gently sloping banks (NCD) not feasible, recontour as recommended by the geotechnical resource (e.g., intermittent or seasonal BC-589b specialist. watercourses with low flow or (NCD) standing water, including small ponds). Method B: For shallow or poorly-defined Salvage dormant riparian vegetation along the trench line (and vehicle channels with low or gently crossing locations, where grading is required), where feasible, sloping banks and where dormant keeping roots intact (i.e., with a sufficient soil root-ball). riparian vegetation and bank Store salvaged dormant plants and plant material away from material can be salvaged for use construction activities for replacement or installation during in channel reconstruction reclamation. (e.g., intermittent or seasonal Replace salvaged dormant riparian plants and plant material (stakes watercourses with low flow or and brush) during reclamation. standing water, including small ponds). Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant tree/shrub stakes/brush in disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and accelerate vegetation recovery. (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawing 52 of the Environmental Plans) 989.7 BC-583 C or D Method C: For watercourses with low to 990.5 BC-583a Recontour banks using salvaged bank material and install erosion moderate flow, with vertical or 990.7 BC-583b control blanket and/or coir logs as required. steeply sloping banks up to 0.3 m 991.1 BC-584 Install rooted stock plant shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub high and where the channel and base of the banks can be 991.6 BC-585 stakes/brush in disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce recontoured using cobble or 991.9 BC-585a sedimentation and accelerate woody vegetation recovery. boulder substrate. Install erosion 992.1 BC-585b Coir soil wrap(s) with dormant brush/stake layering may be used for added bank integrity and to create overhanging vegetation. control blanket and/or coir logs 992.3 BC-586 above the OHWL or riparian 994.2 BC-588 (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawings 25, 52 of the Environmental Plans) vegetation that will not be wetted 995.0 BC-589 by stream flows for prolonged 995.5 BC-589.1 periods. 995.7 BC-589.2 995.8 BC-589a 999.7 BC-590a3 NTA road BCVA-259 DOA road BCVA-262

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TABLE 5.13 Cont'd

Stream Crossing Reclamation KP No. Method1 Reclamation Measures Application Criteria See above See above See above Method D: For watercourses with low to Recontour banks using salvaged bank material and install erosion moderate flow, with vertical or control blanket and/or coir logs as required. If required, install rip-rap steeply sloping banks between base below OHWL, keyed in to bed and underlain with filter cloth or 0.3-1.5 m high and where the gravel layer. channel and base of the banks Install coir soil wrap(s) above the OHWL or log crib structure made can be recontoured using cobble from natural logs may be used at the base of the bank (below the or boulder substrate. Where OHWL) if appropriate (may be a single log in height, typically a multiple tiers of grass rolls are minimum of two logs are used. required and will not be wetted by Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in stream flows for prolonged disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and periods. In addition, for use where accelerate woody vegetation recovery. brush/stake layering between (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawings 25, 49, 52 of the grass rolls and coir soil wrap(s) is Environmental Plans). required to provided overhanging vegetation. 995.9 BC-590 D or E Method D: For watercourses with low to Recontour banks using salvaged bank material and install erosion moderate flow, with vertical or control blanket and/or coir logs as required. If required, install rip-rap steeply sloping banks between base below OHWL, keyed in to bed and underlain with filter cloth or 0.3-1.5 m high and where the gravel layer. channel and base of the banks Install coir soil wrap(s) above the OHWL or log crib structure made can be recontoured using cobble from natural logs may be used at the base of the bank (below the or boulder substrate. Where OHWL) if appropriate (may be a single log in height, typically a multiple tiers of grass rolls are minimum of two logs are used. required and will not be wetted by Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in stream flows for prolonged disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and periods. In addition, for use where accelerate woody vegetation recovery. brush/stake layering between grass rolls and coir soil wrap(s) is (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawings 25, 49, 52 of the Environmental Plans). required to provided overhanging vegetation. Method E: Use of log crib structures is Recreate banks using log crib structures made of natural logs (may be appropriate for watercourses with a single log in height, typically a minimum of two logs are used) or low flow that have a vertical or install rip-rap keyed in to bed and underlain with filter cloth or gravel undercut bank up to 1 m high and layer, if required. where erosion from flow along the Supplement with salvaged bank material, as required. base of the bank needs to be Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in mitigated. These watercourses disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and are typically adjacent flood accelerate woody vegetation recovery margins with flat or low gradient. (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawing 49 of the This method is also suitable for Environmental Plans). channels with lower bank heights, adjacent culverts or constrained flows. Cover for fishes is provided by the transplanted shrubs/trees or shrub staking. Log crib structures are not recommended in steeper cobble/boulder systems subject to high velocity seasonal flows found in interior BC. 997.7 BC-590a1 F or G Method F: For watercourses with moderate 998.1 BC-590.1 Recreate banks using log crib structures made of natural logs to high flow that have a vertical or 999.4 BC-590a2 (typically a minimum of two logs is used) or install rip-rap keyed in to undercut bank > 1 m high and 1000.0 BC-591 bed and underlain with filter cloth or gravel layer. where erosion from flow along the base of the bank needs to be 1001.6 BC-592 Supplement with salvaged bank material, as required. Install coir soil mitigated. Used where steeper DOA road BCVA-260 wrap(s) with dormant brush/stake layering above log crib or rip-rap. Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in flood margins extend from the top DOA road BCVA-263 of the bank. This method is also DOA road BCVA-264 disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and accelerate woody vegetation recovery. suitable for channels with lower (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawing 49, 52 of the bank heights, adjacent culverts or constrained flows. Cover for Environmental Plans) fishes are provided by the brush/stake layering between the coir soil wraps, rooted shrubs/trees and/or shrub/tree staking.

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TABLE 5.13 Cont'd

Stream Crossing Reclamation KP No. Method1 Reclamation Measures Application Criteria See above See above See above Method G: For larger watercourses subject to Recontour bed and banks using washed native cobble and boulder high seasonal flows or armouring to the OHWL. watercourses with a steep (> 5%) Supplement with locally obtained rip-rap if required to stabilize banks. gradient and bed/banks Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in comprised of large cobbler or disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and boulder substrate. Usually in accelerate woody vegetation recovery. watercourses that experience (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawing 47, 52 of the high flow conditions. Environmental Plans) 992.9 BC-587 (Dry G Method G: For larger watercourses subject to Gulch) Recontour bed and banks using washed native cobble and boulder high seasonal flows or armouring to the OHWL. watercourses with a steep (> 5%) Supplement with locally obtained rip-rap if required to stabilize banks. gradient and bed/banks Install rooted stock shrubs/trees and/or dormant shrub/tree stakes in comprised of large cobbler or disturbed riparian areas to stabilize soils, reduce sedimentation and boulder substrate. Usually in accelerate woody vegetation recovery. watercourses that experience high flow conditions. (Pipeline EPP, Volume 2, Appendix C, Drawing 47, 52 of the Environmental Plans) Source: Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) Note: 1 All watercourse reclamation methods, A to G, are described in the Riparian Habitat Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

5.3.4 Wildlife Habitat Reclamation of special wildlife features and habitat in the Recreation Area will include restoring, and where practical, enhancing habitat for coastal tailed frogs (maintain clean, fast-flowing streams with appropriate cobble and boulder substrate composition and security/thermal cover); restoring riparian habitats at stream crossings to provide fish and wildlife habitat structure and protecting stream banks and stream water quality; installing visual barriers (i.e., vegetation screens) along the Project Footprint to provide cover for wildlife and; constructing planting islands that resemble natural old-forest openings in the OGMAs. The suggested locations for reclamation measures specific to wildlife and a description of the reclamation prescription is provided in Table 5.14.

TABLE 5.14

RECLAMATION PRESCRIPTIONS FOR SPECIAL WILDLIFE HABITAT IN THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Special Suggested Locations1 Habitat Features Reclamation Prescription2 BC-589 (KP 994.6) Coastal tailed frog Restore in-stream habitat complexity. Place large coarse woody debris (CWD) in the BC-590 (KP 995.6)) stream riparian areas on the pipeline construction footprint (root wads and large downed logs) and BC-591 (KP 999.7) plant native vegetation that provides a protective buffer along the streams. Refer to the Riparian Habitat Management Plan (see Section 8.7 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) for reclamation prescriptions specific to the coastal tailed frog streams Stream crossings Riparian habitat Place CWD near stream banks and place root wads on the pipeline construction footprint, if enhancement available. CWD and root wads will provide sheltered microsites for naturally regenerating and planted species. Install erosion and sediment control structures to stabilize stream crossing approach slopes and riparian soils. Apply a light seeding of an annual or short- lived cover crop or a native grass seed mix if needed (Section 5.3.2). Plant dormant live stakes or rooted plants of naturally occurring species to support a vegetative cover that provides habitat structure and species diversity in the area. Specific details for the riparian habitats in the Recreation Area are contained in the Riparian Habitat Management Plan (Section 8.7 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans).

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TABLE 5.14 Cont'd

Special Habitat Suggested Locations1 Features Reclamation Prescription2 KP 988.7; KP 990.3; KP 992.3, Visual barriers Plant deciduous shrub and tree species and conifers in temporary workspace. Place large KP 993.3; KP 997.3; KP 997.5; (Drawings 30 to 32: root wads in the planting patches, if available. Stagger planting patches on either side of the KP 998.5 Pipeline EPP, Volume pipeline construction footprint at recommend locations. The staggered plantings will allow 2, Appendix C of the access along the footprint, but the sight line will be obscured. The obscured sight line is of Environmental Plans) benefit to wildlife crossing the right-of-way and provides visual interest for recreational users. OGMAs (KP 994.1 to 994.3; Wildlife trees and Group tall stumps, root wads and downed logs at various locations along the edge of the KP 1000.0 to 1000.2; KP 1000.5 diverse vegetation to pipeline construction footprint in the OGMAs. Group in a fashion that leaves space for tree to 1001.6) mimic natural and shrub plantings. CWD and plantings will occur on the edges of the pipeline construction openings in old forests footprint and to adhere to KMC Operations safety requirements, large CWD will not be placed in the 6 m wide strip that is over the pipeline trench. Plant living conifer and deciduous trees and shrubs in and around the woody debris (Table 5.12). If woody material is available, space the planting patches 150 to 200 m apart. The large CWD and plantings provide habitat structure and food sources within a relatively small area. Notes: 1 Final locations will be determined in consultation with BC Parks. 2 Tree species with potential to impact forest health will not be used.

5.3.5 Post-Construction Invasive Species Control Program Invasive plants will be monitored during the PCEM phase and treatments will be implemented, where warranted. Consultation with BC Parks will be ongoing to coordinate effective invasive species management strategies. The treatment program will focus on the disturbed footprint, including access roads used by the Project. If invasive species were established in the area before construction, they will likely germinate following reclamation. It is quite normal for pre-existing invasive species to flourish during the initial stages of revegetation (Cottam 1987) and in these cases weeds can be a dominant part of the ecosystem for up to five years following construction (Atwood 2007). Treatments will be conducted to ensure the desired vegetation cover establishes and once established, that weed cover on the right-of-way will resemble the species composition and density that occurs in adjacent areas.

5.3.6 Access Control Following construction, Trans Mountain will work with BC Parks to identify temporary access in CSRA that may be required for longer-term future access for maintenance activities. Trans Mountain will ensure that all permanent access roads into the CSRA are gated to restrict access. Trans Mountain will be responsible for maintenance of these roads such as repairing any rutting that occurs and removing any overgrowth that would restrict access when needed.

Additional information is available in the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans). The final access control locations and methods of control will be determined in consultation with BC Parks.

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6.0 POST-CONSTRUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Monitoring the reclamation measures conducted in the Recreation Area will be a component of the Project PCEM Program. Surveys conducted during the PCEM Program will document the establishment of seeded species, the survival of planted species and the presence and abundance (species distribution and density) of invasive plant species. Monitoring plots will be established throughout the Recreation Area. Monitoring plots will be established in each ecosystem type (MS, ESSF, MH, CWH) and seeding prescription described in Table 5.9:

 areas that received general reclamation measures;

 natural regeneration riparian areas; and

 riparian areas that contained weedy species before construction.

PCEM will occur one full growing season after reclamation and again in year three and year five. Issues that are identified during the monitoring program will be recorded on the Environmental Issues List, tracked and addressed through remedial work, in consultation with BC Parks. Where warranted, follow-up plans will be developed to ensure the activities and other works identified in the Reclamation Plan are effective in meeting the management objectives and desired end results.

If new invasive species are reported or existing species infestations are higher than pre-construction distributions and density, management measures will be implemented. Problem vegetation management activities will be conducted as often as the Vegetation and/or Reclamation Specialist determines is warranted, based on the effectiveness of the treatment strategies.

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7.0 REPORTING Trans Mountain is committed to ensuring the Reclamation Plan is well documented, and reviewed and revised if needed and implemented effectively. Trans Mountain will ensure the most effective monitoring and management practices are continually used to achieve the management objectives.

The effectiveness of problem vegetation management measures implemented during the pre-construction and construction phases, will be outlined in the as-built report, Environmental Issues List for the Project (to be included and updated in PCEM reports) and will be evaluated by a Vegetation and/or Reclamation Resource Specialist during initial and subsequent PCEM of vegetation and soil conditions. Monitoring results will be included in PCEM reports and made available to BC Parks. Supplemental surveys and required treatments will be documented through supplemental reports.

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8.0 REFERENCES 8.1 Literature Cited Adams, B.W., G. Ehlert, C. Stone, M. Alexander, D. Lawrence, M. Willoughby, D. Moisey, C. Hincz and A. Burkinshaw, Carlson, J., France, K. 2009. Range Health Assessment for Grassland, Forest and Tame Pasture. Pub. No. T/044. Revised April 2009. Government of Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Lands and Forests Division, Rangeland Management Branch. Edmonton, Alberta. 152 pp.

Atwood, L.B. 2007. Weed Monitoring Report 2006. Terasen Gas Inc. Southern Crossing Pipeline Project. 26 pp.

BGC Engineering 2013. DRAFT Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Expansion Project Terrain Mapping and Geohazard Inventory. Prepared for Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC. Calgary, AB.

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2015. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. B.C. Ministry of Environment: Victoria, BC. http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/. Accessed: October 2015.

British Columbia Forest Practices Code. 1997. Soil rehabilitation guidebook. BC Ministry of Forests: Victoria, BC.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and Ministry of Forests, 1998; Infestation levels adapted from IAPP 2009.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment. 2011. Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area. British Columbia Parks. Website: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/coquihalla_smt/. Accessed: October 2015.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment. 2013. Guidelines for Raptor Conservation during Urban and Rural Land Development in British Columbia (2013). A companion document to Develop with Care 2012: website: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/raptor_conservation_guidelines_2013.pdf. Accessed: February 2016.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. 2004. Order to Establish a Landscape Unit and Objectives. Coquihalla Landscape Unit. ORCS 17580-30/Coquihalla. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/slrp/srmp/coast/chilliwack/reports/Coquihalla_Order_Objectives_M ar21_04.pdf. Accessed September 2016.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations. 2012. Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) Map (digital file). Victoria, BC. Available: https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/dwds/home.so. Acquired: February 2012. Last Update Check: March 20, 2014.

British Columbia Ministry of Parks. 1990. Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Master Plan. Website: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/coquihalla_smt/. Accessed: December 2015.

Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2007. Schedule 1 to the Seeds Regulations (Sections 2, 5 to 7, 11 and 12, 18, 23 to 27, 30 and 40). November 14, 2007. Grade Tables. http://www.csi- ics.com/sites/default/files/seed_regulations_grade_tables.pdf. Accessed: October 2015.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2014. COSEWIC Annual Report 2013 – 2014. http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/CESCC_1014_e.pdf. Accessed: November 2015.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2016. Canadian Species at Risk. http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm. Accessed: September 2016.

Cottam, G. 1987. Community Dynamics on an Artificial Prairie. In. Restoration Ecology. A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research. W.R. Jordon III, M.E. Gilpin, and J.D. Aber. Eds.).

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Demarchi, D.A. 2011. The British Columbia Ecoregion Classification. Third Edition. Ecosystem Information Section. Ministry of Environment. Victoria, British Columbia. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/ecology/ecoregions/. Accessed October 2015.

Dickson, T.L. and W.H. Busby. 2009. Forb Species Establishment Increases with Decreased Grass Seedling Density and with Increased Forb Seeding Density in a Northeast Kansas, USA, Experimental Prairie Restoration. Restoration Ecology. Vol. 17, No. 5: 597-605.

Dobb, A. and S. Burton. 2013. Rangelands seeding manual for British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture Management Branch. Province of B.C.: Abbotsford, B.C.

Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2014. Summary of Critical Habitat Information for TMEP – November 2014. Provided by Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service. 34 pp.

Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2016. General Nesting Periods of Migratory Birds in Canada. Website: https://www.ec.gc.ca/paom-itmb/default.asp?lang=En&n=4F39A78F-1. Accessed: May 2016.

Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2015. Recovery Strategy for Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) in Canada [Draft]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON.

Forest Practices Board. 2012. Conserving Old Growth Forests in BC: Implementation of old-growth retention objectives under FRPA. Special Investigation. https://www.bcfpb.ca/sites/default- /files/reports/SIR36-OGMAs.pdf. Accessed: November 2015.

Green, R.N. and K. Klinka. 1994. A Field Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation for the Vancouver Forest Region. Land Management Handbook 28. BC Ministry of Forests: Province of BC.

Government of Canada. 2016. Species at Risk Public Registry. http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca. Accessed May 2016.

Grygiel, C., J.E. Norland, and M.E. Biondini. 2012. Can Carbon and Phosphorous Amendments Increase Native Forbs in a Restoration Process? A Case Study in the Northern Tall-grass Prairie (USA). Restoration Ecology. Vol20, No. 1: 122-130.

Hinckley, T.M., A.L. Friend and A.K. Mitchell. 1992. Response at the foliar, tree and stand levels to nitrogen fertilization: a physiological perspective. In Chappell, H.N., G.F. Weetman, R.E. Miller (Eds.). Forest fertilization: sustaining and improving nutrition and growth of western forests. Seattle, WA, USA: University of Washington, Institute of Forest Resources Contrib. 73. p. 82-89.

IAPP Inventory form (2009) http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/Publications/invasive_plants/Forms/FS1260.pdf.

Lloyd, D., K. Angove, G. Hope and C. Thompson. 1990. A Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation for the Kamloops Forest Region. Land Management Handbook 23. BC Ministry of Forests: Province of BC.

Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. 2014. Supplemental Soil Investigations Along Parts of the Previous No Access (NA) Lands and Re-Routes Along the Black Pines to Hope Segment of the Trans Mountain Expansion Project for Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC. Prepared for Tera, A CH2M Hill Company On Behalf Of Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC. 89 pp.

Peace River Forage Association. 2015. Peace Forage Seeding Tool. http://www.peaceforagetool.ca- /overview. Accessed: October 2015.

Polster, D.F. 2002. Long-term Vegetation Development on Bioengineered Rights-of-way Sites. In J.W. Goodrich-Mahoney, D.F. Mutrie and C.A. Guild (Eds.). The seventh international symposium on environmental concerns in rights-of-way management. Calgary, Alberta. September 2000. Elsevier: Oxford, UK. pp 121-125.

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Sarrantonio, M. 1994. Northeast Cover Crop Handbook. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Institute.

Schiechtl, H.M. and R. Stern. 1996. Ground bioengineering techniques for slope protection and erosion control. Blackwell Science: Cambridge Mass.

Schiechtl, H.M. and R. Stern. 1997. Water bioengineering techniques for watercourse, bank and shoreline protection. Blackwell Science: Cambridge Mass.

Stad, L., G. George and H. Gill. 2004. Coquihalla Landscape Unit Background Report. Chilliwack Forest District – Sustainable Resource Management Plan. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/- slrp/srmp/coast/chilliwack/reports/Coquihalla_report_Mar10_04.pdf. Accessed September 2016.

Trans Mountain Pipelines ULC. 2013. Trans Mountain Expansion Project An Application Pursuant to Section 52 of the National Energy Board Act.

Trans Mountain Pipelines ULC. 2014. BC Parks Land Use/ Occupancy Resource Use Permit for Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project.

Trans Mountain Pipelines ULC. 2015. Pipeline Environmental Protection Plan for the Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Trans Mountain Expansion Project.

Tyser, R.W., J.M. Asebrook, R.W. Potter and L.L. Kurth. 2001. Roadside Revegetation in Glacier National Park, USA: Effects of Herbicide and Seeding Treatments. Restoration Ecology. Vol 6, No. 2: 197-206.

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APPENDIX A

CONSULTATION AND ENGAGEMENT ABORIGINAL ENGAGEMENT LOGS

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SUMMARY OF CHAWATHIL FIRST NATION INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Effects on medicinal plant In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses the activities Use harvesting sites in the CSRA during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the construction right-of-way and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following (stinging nettles, devil’s club, ice- construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. cream berries) Certain plants may not return The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining after construction appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). SUMMARY OF CHAWATHIL FIRST NATION INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Effects on hunting of deer and A comprehensive ESA has been completed for the Project. Over 30 types of environmental surveys have been completed by local and regional biologists and resource specialists in support of the ESA. Traditional Use sites and activities have been identified and assessed as part of this Project. Mitigation measures for the effects on mountain sheep in the CSRA hunting of deer and mountain sheep in the CSRA can be divided into those pertaining to the wildlife and those pertaining to the activity of hunting. For wildlife, the three main components of habitat fragmentation are habitat loss, reduced habitat patch size and increased isolation of patches. Effects of habitat fragmentation will be reduced by alignment of the proposed route parallel to and contiguous with existing linear features, and minimizing the Project footprint to the maximum extent feasible. Trans Mountain will facilitate wildlife movement during construction by ensuring the contractor conducts work expeditiously to maintain a tight construction spread to reduce the duration of the open trench and to reduce potential barriers and hazards to wildlife, and by placing gaps in the pipe. Trans Mountain will implement the following suite of mitigation measures to limit the potential effects of the Project on wildlife and wildlife habitat:  Use signs and access barriers where appropriate to limit the potential sensory disturbance of wildlife and to avoid destruction to environmental features, soils and wildlife habitat along the construction right of way, shoo flies or access roads during construction in accordance with the Access Management Plan  Avoid activity during sensitive time periods for wildlife species to the extent feasible;  Share workspace with the existing rights-of-way where practical to reduce the construction right-of-way-width;  Do not clear timber, stumps, brush or other vegetation beyond the marked construction right-of-way boundary;  Where grading is not required, cut/mow/walk down shrubs and small diameter deciduous trees at ground level to facilitate rapid regeneration;  Plant native tree seedlings and/or shrubs at select locations to be determined in the field by the Environmental Inspector, in consultation with the Wildlife Resource Specialist;  Avoid the use of pesticides (except for herbicides to control invasive plants or noxious weeds; only use as spot treatments and outside the migratory bird breeding season);  Reduce the width of grubbing near watercourses and through other wet areas to facilitate the restoration of shrub communities;  Reduce disturbance at riparian areas, and where practical, extend the riparian buffer by implementing trenchless pipeline crossing techniques, or cut/mow/walk down shrubs and small diameter deciduous trees at ground level to facilitate rapid regeneration.  Limit vegetation control along the right-of-way and allow natural regeneration during the operations phase to the extent feasible.  Conduct pre-construction surveys to identify site-specific habitat features (e.g., mineral licks) and implement the appropriate setbacks and/or timing windows.  Remove any trapped animals from the trench before conducting construction activities;  Maintain a tight construction spread and construct the pipeline in a well-organized and efficient manner to limit the duration of sensory disturbance to wildlife;  In the event that potentially rare and endangered wildlife species or their potential habitats are discovered during construction, implement the Wildlife Species of Concern Discovery Contingency Plan;  Do not harass or feed wildlife;  Prohibit all Project personnel from having pets on the construction right-of-way;  Project personnel and Contractors will be prohibited from hunting and fishing along the right-of-way and at other construction sites during Project construction. Crews staying in construction camps will also not be allowed to hunt or fish;  Store food in air-tight containers in vehicles or equipment or the construction office. Do not store food in pick-up beds of pick-up trucks. During construction, Trans Mountain will manage access (human and predator) at slope changes, crossings (i.e., watercourse, road, pipeline right-of-way, railway) and bends. Measures will be implemented to reduce access (human and predator) along the pipeline right-of-way and will include using woody debris as rollback, and planting trees and/or shrubs at select locations along the pipeline right-of-way. Where rollback and coarse woody debris are needed for access management, erosion control and habitat enhancement, the contractor will ensure that a sufficient supply is set aside for this purpose during final clean-up. Habitat connectivity will be restored by redistributing large-diameter slash (rollback) over select locations on the pipeline right-of-way (e.g., where high levels of coarse woody debris occur prior to construction), to provide cover and facilitate movement of wildlife. Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to its Aboriginal community members.

Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on access issues:  Close new access roads no longer needed by Project personnel. Where warranted and requested by the appropriate regulatory authority or private landowner, implement measures to deactivate and reclaim the access road including: o remove vehicle crossings at watercourses and reclaim associated disturbances; o remove cross drainage culverts and excavate a shallow ditch; o block off the access with the use of permanent fences with locked gates, boulders, ditches, rollback or other method suitable for the site; o install permanent erosion control structures such as cross ditches and berms; and o seed disturbed areas with an approved cover crop and/or grass mix and, where warranted, install biodegradable erosion control measures.  Construct snow berms 3+ m high across the entire construction right of way at potential access points to the construction right of way where access is to be blocked for the remainder of the winter period as directed by an Environmental Inspector;  Install and maintain gates at potential access points to the construction right of way as directed by an Environmental Inspector;  Increase berm height to 2 m (approximately), if warranted, to limit unauthorized access during operations;  Remove any temporary vehicle crossings that were reinstalled to provide access during final clean-up;  Dispose of any remaining log corduroy and geotextile that was left in place to allow access during final clean-up;  Install tree/shrub plantings at potential access points and viewsheds to the construction right of way to visually screen the construction right of way;  Rollback slash and salvageable timber at locations specified by an Environmental Inspector to prevent access along the construction right of way. Spread evenly over the construction right of way. Do not walk down rollback used for access control;  Remove bar ditch ramps and reclaim temporary access to stable conditions. Request for in-depth Since April 2012, Trans Mountain has engaged with Aboriginal communities that may be affected by the Project based on their assertion of traditional and cultural use of resources to maintain a traditional lifestyle. Trans Mountain respects the Aboriginal and treaty rights, unique culture, diversity, languages and traditions of Aboriginal conversation about cultural use people. Trans Mountain acknowledges the importance of teaching, the significance of culture and language and the considerable traditional knowledge that has been passed on for generations and as such is committed to continued listening, learning and working with Aboriginal people to ensure that knowledge and advice is considered of the Coquihalla Summit and incorporated in the Project. The Aboriginal Engagement Program is based on mutual respect, timeliness, accountability and transparency in order to build positive and productive relationships for the long-term. Recreation Area and upcoming archaeological studies Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on archaeological sites:  Flag or fence-off resource-specific environmental features (e.g., archaeological site) prior to commencing construction to avoid the resource site;  Follow any recommendations identified in the HRIA for Alberta and AIA for BC. Determine if the approvals from the appropriate regulatory authority are necessary prior to commencing any construction activity located within 30 m of a monument, archaeological site or burial ground;  Suspend work in proximity (i.e., within 30 m) to archaeological sites (e.g., arrow heads, modified bone, pottery fragments, fossils) discovered during construction. No work at that particular location shall continue until permission is granted by the appropriate regulatory authority. Follow the contingency measures identified in the Heritage Resources Discovery Contingency Plan;  Arrange for emergency archaeological excavation of previously unidentified sites encountered by pipeline construction wherever such sites warrant attention and timings of these excavations will be decided with input of the Archaeological Resource Specialist, regulatory authorities and the Lead Environmental Inspector. Following discussions with the regulatory authorities, any work that can proceed following construction will be mapped and suitably flagged for later investigation; and  Prohibit the collection of any historical or archaeological resources by Project personnel. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the Project-specific EPPs (Volumes 6B, 6C and 6D). 2. Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, preliminary interests identified in their preliminary report in Section 4.4.1 of the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) [Filing ID: A61882], Round 2b of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4J2K4], evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing IDs: A4Q2C6 A4Q2C7 A4Q2C8 A4Q2C9 A4Q2D0 A4Q2D1 A4Q2D2], Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Workshop, March 26, 2014. SUMMARY OF COLDWATER INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Seismic Hazard Concern for the risk to pipeline In fulfilment of NEB Condition 51 Trans Mountain must file with the NEB for approval a field changes manual for geohazard mitigation. This manual must include: safety caused by earthquake- related landslides along  decision criteria for implementing mitigation for any geohazards identified during construction; Coquihalla River.  specific criteria for implementing changes to the designs, grading, special materials, protective structures, increased burial depth, installation procedures, erosion mitigation measures, and monitoring; and Effects of dilbit transmitted into  details regarding the required qualifications of the field staff that will implement the manual. watercourses along the Coquihalla River in the event of a Mitigation measures for control of erosion on steep slopes are provided in Sections 7.0 and 13.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). crack or rupture of the pipeline caused by seismic activity.  Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards. Concern for emergency  The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) response procedures in the computer system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along event of dilbit transmitted into the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection watercourses along the system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline. Coquihalla River caused by  Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, seismic activity. 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities.  The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced.  In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off- shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.  As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.  A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place.  An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application. Traditional Land Use Concern for impact to traditional In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses use sites within Coquihalla the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the Summit Recreation Area, right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. including hunting, fishing, plant harvesting and cultural sites. The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of- way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Water Quality Concern regarding baseline No aquifers were mapped by the BC MOE within the CSRA boundaries. Groundwater flows generally follow local topography with recharge occurring either directly over the unmapped aquifers or from the valley walls (mountain sides), with groundwater discharge feeding the local river systems or flowing within fluvial sediments water quality information from subparallel to the valley axis. wells on Coldwater Road between Coquihalla interchange and Merritt. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs found in the Environmental Plans. 2. Source: Engagement; Chief Lee Spahan, Mr. Albert Antoine, Ms. Martha Aspinall, Ms. Joyce Andrew, Mr. Terry Spahan, Mr. Clarence Oppenheim and Ms. June Andrew provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Friday, November 14, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4E9I3]; IRs [NEB Filing ID: A3W7Y4]; IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4L0D1]; written evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing IDs: A4Q0W6 A4Q0W7 A4Q0W8 A4Q0W9 A4Q0X0 A4Q0X1 A4Q0X3 A4Q0X6 A4Q0X7]; Information Requests on Trans Mountain Reply Evidence (NEB Filing ID: A73626); Information Request to Natural Resources Canada and Department of Fisheries and Ocean (NEB Filing ID: A70839); Information Request No. 2(d) (NEB Filing ID: A69820); Coldwater Indian Band Information Request No. 1 (NEB Filing ID: A60303); Final Written Argument (NEB Filing ID: A4X5J8). SUMMARY OF LOWER NICOLA INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land and Effects on berry picking In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses Resource Use (huckleberries and soapberries) the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the (TLRU) within the Coquihalla Lakes right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. region. Effects on blueberry picking The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and within Coquihalla Summit determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented. Recreation Area. Effects on medicinal plant An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites. harvesting sites in the park (stinging nettles, devil’s club, ice- All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will: cream berries)  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities; Certain plants may not return  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and after construction  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of- way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses. Effects on hunting of deer and mountain sheep in park Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal Effects on the spiritual area at communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and Coquihalla Lakes facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing Effects on camping at the considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations. Coquihalla Lakes Request for in-depth Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). conversation about cultural use of the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area and upcoming archaeological studies

Effects on trout fishing at the Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on fish and fish habitat: Coquihalla Lakes  mark acquired ETWS prior to the initiation of instream work. Ensure ETWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers;  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes;  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the in accordance with DFO’s Measures to Avoid Causing Harm to Fish and Fish Habitat (DFO 2013);  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared;  take ETWS at water crossings to ensure sufficient space to allow storage of topsoil/root zone material and spoil; note that a vegetative buffer is to be left in place at watercourse crossings unless otherwise approved by the Environmental Inspectors;  endeavour to fell all timber onto the pipeline construction footprint and away from watercourses and wetlands, where feasible, during survey line clearing;  refer to applicable clearing guidelines for protection of watercourses and wetlands provided in the Environmental Protection and Management Guidelines (BC OGC 2015), where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on watercourse or wetland class; and,  Assess permeability of trench materials in aquifer areas to determine the potential for sediment migration during trenching. Where coarse materials are observed and sediment migration anticipated, use pumps and/or install filter fabric in the trench to avoid or reduce sediment migration, where feasible. Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse. Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity.

Wildlife and Wildlife Effects on impacted wildlife such The three main components of habitat fragmentation are habitat loss, reduced habitat patch size and increased isolation of patches. Effects of habitat fragmentation will be reduced by alignment of the proposed route parallel to and contiguous with existing linear features, and minimizing the Project footprint to the maximum Habitat as bears – grizzly, coyotes and extent feasible. A suite of mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce the potential effects of the Project on wildlife habitat, movement and mortality risk. Mitigation measures to reduce effects on habitat, limit barriers to movement, avoid attraction of wildlife to the work site, minimize sensory disturbance and protect site- others at Coquihalla Summit specific habitat features of importance are discussed in Section 7.2.10 of Volume 5A of the Trans Mountain Application and the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Recreation Area Effects on deer within the During and following construction, Trans Mountain will manage access (human and predator) at slope changes, crossings (i.e., watercourse, road, pipeline right-of-way, railway) and bends in accordance with the Access Management Plan (Section 2.1 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) as well as the Wildlife Management Coquihalla Lakes Plans provided in Section 6 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans.

Fish and Fish Effects on fish in the Boston Bar Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on fish and fish habitat: Habitat Creek within Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area  mark acquired ETWS prior to the initiation of instream work. Ensure ETWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers; Effects on water babies and  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes; suckerfish at the Coquihalla  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the in accordance with DFO’s Measures to Avoid Causing Harm to Fish and Fish Habitat (DFO 2013); Lakes  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared; Cumulative effects on the  take ETWS at water crossings to ensure sufficient space to allow storage of topsoil/root zone material and spoil; note that a vegetative buffer is to be left in place at watercourse crossings unless otherwise approved by the Environmental Inspectors; Coquihalla River watershed,  endeavour to fell all timber onto the pipeline construction footprint and away from watercourses and wetlands, where feasible, during survey line clearing; which has been impacted  refer to applicable clearing guidelines for protection of watercourses and wetlands provided in the Environmental Protection and Management Guidelines (BC OGC 2015), where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on watercourse or wetland class; and, previously by forestry,  Assess permeability of trench materials in aquifer areas to determine the potential for sediment migration during trenching. Where coarse materials are observed and sediment migration anticipated, use pumps and/or install filter fabric in the trench to avoid or reduce sediment migration, where feasible. agriculture, irrigation and urban developments. Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse. Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity. SUMMARY OF LOWER NICOLA INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Construction Request that Lower Nicola Indian Trans Mountain will continue to engage with Aboriginal groups throughout the Project. Activities in Parks Band be informed upon and Protected Areas finalization of the full BC Parks impact assessment for the Coquihalla Summit Recreational Area. Request for information on how Lower Nicola Indian Band participation will be included in the full BC Parks impact assessment for the Coquihalla Summit Recreational Area. Emergency Request that Lower Nicola Indian Trans Mountain will continue to engage with Aboriginal groups throughout the Project. Response Planning Band be involved in the emergency response exercise required by NEB condition 136, item a: a full-bore rupture under ice and snow conditions in the Coquihalla Mountain Range. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2. Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, TLU results are discussed in Section 4.2.1 of the December 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) [Filing ID: A4F5D1], Chief Aaron Sam, Councillor Nicholas Peterson, Elder Vonnet Hall, Ms. Norma Hall and Ms. Martha Aspinall (interpreter) provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Friday, November 14, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4E9I3], Round 2 of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4G6G7], written evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing ID: A4Q7H4], Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Workshop, March 26, 2014. SUMMARY OF LOWER SIMILKAMEEN INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Offsets and Concern about the proper Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the construction footprint reclamation reclamation of lands equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal groups affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The WVMP will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the pipeline construction footprint through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Traditional Land Effects on plant gathering in In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Appendix C of Volume 6B) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the construction right-of-way and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses the activities during pre- and Resource Coquihalla Summit Recreation construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the construction right-of-way and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following construction and Use Area throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. Effects on sacred sites in and around Coquihalla Summit The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining Recreation Area appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 6B of the Trans Mountain Application). Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the Project-specific EPPs (Volumes 6B, 6C and 6D). 2. Source: Meeting with Lower Similkameen Indian Band, April 14, 2014. SUMMARY OF NICOLA TRIBAL ASSOCIATION INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Wildlife Potential for vibrations to impact Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on wildlife and wildlife habitat: wildlife  Use signs and access barriers where appropriate to limit the potential sensory disturbance of wildlife and to avoid destruction to environmental features, soils and wildlife habitat along the construction right of way, shoo flies or access roads during construction in accordance with the Access Management Plan  Avoid activity during sensitive time periods for wildlife species to the extent feasible;  Share workspace with the adjacent existing TMPL right-of-way or other existing rights-of-way where practical to reduce the construction right-of-way-width;  Do not clear timber, stumps, brush or other vegetation beyond the marked construction right-of-way boundary;  Where grading is not required, cut/mow/walk down shrubs and small diameter deciduous trees at ground level to facilitate rapid regeneration;  Use natural recovery as the preferred method of reclamation on level terrain and at wetlands unless otherwise requested by the regulator and where bio-engineering (e.g., shrub staking/planting) will be conducted;  Plant native tree seedlings and/or shrubs at select locations to be determined in the field by the Environmental Inspector, in consultation with the Wildlife Resource Specialist;  Avoid the use of pesticides (except for herbicides to control invasive plants or noxious weeds; only use as spot treatments and outside the migratory bird breeding season);  Reduce the width of grubbing near watercourses, wetlands and through other wet areas to facilitate the restoration of shrub communities;  Reduce disturbance at riparian areas, and where practical, extend the riparian buffer by implementing trenchless pipeline crossing techniques, or cut/mow/walk down shrubs and small diameter deciduous trees at ground level to facilitate rapid regeneration; and  Limit vegetation control along the right-of-way and allow natural regeneration during the operations phase to the extent feasible.  Conduct pre-construction surveys to identify site-specific habitat features (e.g., mineral licks) and implement the appropriate setbacks and/or timing windows.  Wildlife discovered in the trench, or in association with construction activities, will be reported to the Environmental Inspectors who will contact the appropriate regulatory authorities and resource specialists, when warranted;  Maintain a tight construction spread and construct the pipeline in a well-organized and efficient manner to limit the duration of sensory disturbance to wildlife;  In the event that potentially rare and endangered wildlife species or their potential habitats are discovered during construction, implement the Wildlife Species of Concern Encounter and Discovery Contingency Plan;  Do not harass or feed wildlife;  Prohibit all Project personnel from having pets on the construction right-of-way;  Prohibit recreational hunting by Project personnel on or in the vicinity of the construction right-of-way. The use of the construction right-of-way to access hunting sites is prohibited. Crews staying in construction camps will not be allowed to hunt during scheduled work cycles.  Prohibit the recreational use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) or snowmobiles by construction personnel on the construction right-of-way.  Store food in vehicles or equipment or the construction office. Do not store food in beds of pick-up trucks.  Schedule construction activities occurring within wildlife setback distances to take place within least risk windows or outside of the applicable migratory bird nesting period or proceed with the approval of the appropriate regulatory authority.

In the event clearing or construction activities are scheduled during the migratory bird breeding season, follow measures for conducting migratory bird nest sweeps described below. In simple habitat types where active nests are easier to locate (i.e., previously cleared areas and open areas with sparse vegetation and few trees), a nest sweep may be completed within seven days of activity that is scheduled to occur within the migratory bird restricted access period (RAP). Use non-intrusive methods to conduct an area search for evidence of nesting (e.g., presence of singing birds, territorial males, alarm calls, distraction displays). In the event an active nest is found, it will be subject to site-specific mitigation measures (i.e., clearly marked protective buffer around the nest and/or non-intrusive monitoring).

In complex habitats where active nests are more difficult to find (e.g., forests), it is recommended that pre-clearing be conducted. If this is not feasible and activity is scheduled to occur within the migratory bird RAP, contact Environment Canada prior to activity to discuss the area to be cleared. Use non-intrusive methods to conduct an area search for evidence of nesting (e.g., presence of singing birds, territorial males, alarm calls, distraction displays). In the event an active nest is found, it will be subject to site-specific mitigation measures (i.e., clearly marked protective buffer around the nest and/or non-intrusive monitoring).

Mitigation measures for the reduction of sensory disturbance to wildlife are provided in Section 7.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

Trans Mountain will ensure equipment is well-maintained during construction to minimize air emissions and unnecessary noise. Additionally, Trans Mountain will restrict the duration that vehicles and equipment are allowed to sit and idle to less than 1 hour unless air temperatures are less than 0°C. Standard mitigation plus noise-specific mitigation measures will be implemented. Mitigation to reduce light and visual effects may include landscaping to limit visual effects to wildlife and the public (i.e., leave a vegetation buffer) and installing lighting control systems in the facility site that permit the reduction of the amount of lighting during periods of low activity.

Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to its members. Routing Potential issues due to the In fulfilment of NEB Condition 51 Trans Mountain must file with the NEB for approval a field changes manual for geohazard mitigation. This manual must include: elevation drop in Coquihalla Summit Recreation Centre  decision criteria for implementing mitigation for any geohazards identified during construction; Acid Leaching Potential for acid bedrock  specific criteria for implementing changes to the designs, grading, special materials, protective structures, increased burial depth, installation procedures, erosion mitigation measures, and monitoring; and leaching  details regarding the required qualifications of the field staff that will implement the manual.

Mitigation measures for control of erosion on steep slopes are provided in Sections 7.0 and 13.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the Project-specific EPPs (Volumes 6B, 6C and 6D). 2. Source: Engagement, member communities participation in field studies, TLU results are discussed in Section 4.3.2 of the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) [Filing ID: A61882], meeting with Nicola Tribal Council, May 21, 2014. SUMMARY OF NOOAITCH INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Fish and Fish Concern for how information Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on fish and fish habitat: Habitat from Nooaitch Indian Band was  mark acquired ETWS prior to the initiation of instream work. Ensure ETWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers; incorporated into aquatic  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes; assessments for the pipeline  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the in accordance with DFO’s Measures to Avoid Causing Harm to Fish and Fish Habitat (DFO 2013); segment between Black Pines and Hope (which includes the  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared; Coquihalla Summit Recreation  take ETWS at water crossings to ensure sufficient space to allow storage of topsoil/root zone material and spoil; note that a vegetative buffer is to be left in place at watercourse crossings unless otherwise approved by the Environmental Inspectors; Area.)  endeavour to fell all timber onto the pipeline construction footprint and away from watercourses and wetlands, where feasible, during survey line clearing;  refer to applicable clearing guidelines for protection of watercourses and wetlands provided in the Environmental Protection and Management Guidelines (BC OGC 2015), where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on watercourse or wetland class; and,  Assess permeability of trench materials in aquifer areas to determine the potential for sediment migration during trenching. Where coarse materials are observed and sediment migration anticipated, use pumps and/or install filter fabric in the trench to avoid or reduce sediment migration, where feasible.

Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse.

Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity. Concern regarding water quality Trans Mountain agrees that measures to protect sensitive environmental areas such as water bodies and riparian areas are critical. Trans Mountain takes a multi-layered approach to pipeline safety, including adopting measures such as strategically placed pipeline valves near waterways and trenchless river crossings at some monitoring in Coquihalla Summit locations. Recreation Area. Crossing methods specific to each watercourse will be determined in consultation with engineering and environmental specialists, as well as applicable regulatory authorities.

Special precautions, such as completing construction through some wetlands and watercourses during the winter months when the ground is frozen, will be implemented, where feasible, on the river and stream crossings along the proposed pipeline corridor. Mitigation measures for the protection of fish and fish habitat during pipeline construction are provided in Section 14.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. Dedicated staff work to maintain pipeline integrity through Trans Mountain’s maintenance, inspection, and awareness programs.

Trans Mountain has comprehensive spill response plans in place for the Trans Mountain pipeline and facilities. These plans are constantly being updated to keep them current and are regularly practiced through deployment exercises. While the specific strategies used in response to a spill will vary depending on the circumstances, the primary objectives in all cases are to ensure safety and to minimize environmental damage.

Wetlands Concern regarding degradation There are no wetlands crossed by the Project within the CSRA. of wetlands in Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area. Aboriginal Request for clarification Trans Mountain will continue to engage with Aboriginal groups throughout the Project. Engagement regarding how concerns raised Program by Nooaitch Indian Band were accommodated with regards to selection of the Project route from Lac Le Jeune to Hope, (which includes the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area.) Emergency Request that Nooaitch Indian Trans Mountain will continue to engage with Aboriginal groups throughout the Project. Response Planning Band be consulted about the development of the Project’s Geographic Response Plan in the Kamloops district (which includes the Coquihalla Summit region) including the incorporation of concerns and information into the plan’s development. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the Project-specific EPPs (Volumes 6B, 6C and 6D). 2 Source: Engagement, participation in archaeology field study, Joint TLU (NTA) results are discussed in Section 4.3.2 of the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) [Filing ID: A61882] and are outlined in Nicola Tribal Association Table, Chief Joyce Sam, Elder Arthur Sam, Elder Jimmy Fountain, Elder Joan Shackelly, Elder Amelia Washington, Elder Bert Seymour, Mr. Alan Hanna (counsel) and Ms. Berry Hykin (counsel) provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Monday, November 17, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4E9W3], Round 1 of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A3W8Q1], written evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing IDs: A4Q0F4 A4Q0F6], Information Request (NEB Filing ID: A60335); Argument-in-Chief (NEB Filing ID: A4X5J5); meeting with Nooaitch Indian Band, May 21, 2014. SUMMARY OF PETERS BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Seismic Hazard Concern for the risk to pipeline Trans Mountain has completed a Terrain Stability Assessment as part of the Terrain Mapping and Geohazard Inventory Report. This report summarizes terrain and geohazards along the proposed pipeline corridor. From RK 1009.6 to RK 1056.7, the proposed pipeline corridor parallels the Coquihalla Highway along lower valley structural integrity caused by slopes for most of its length. The majority of this length is located on slopes with stability class III or less meaning there is estimated to be a low likelihood of slope instability or erosion following construction. Stability class IV and V regions are intersected by approximately 8.5 km of the proposed pipeline corridor. These regions earthquake-related landslides are estimated to have a moderate to high likelihood of instability or erosion following construction without mitigation. During grading of any new right-of-way, potential for localized instabilities will be reviewed by qualified geotechnical engineers and site specific mitigative measures will be designed where warranted. and debris flow in the Coquihalla In the event of seismic hazards KMC will suspend work immediately and implement KMC’s Natural Hazards Management Program and the Emergency Response Plan. Further assessments will be conducted along the proposed pipeline corridor to assess site-specific potential and pump stations will be equipped with vibration region (KP 1000 to KP 1060.) monitoring equipment. Request for information Trans Mountain control centre operators monitor the pipeline 24 hours per day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year using a sophisticated leak detection system as well as pressure and flow alarms. Operators are prepared to shut the pipeline down immediately if there is any indication of a potential problem on the pipeline. In the regarding the risk of earthquake- event of an emergency, Trans Mountain will immediately mobilize all of the necessary resources to minimize the effect on the public and the environment. related landslides and debris flow The TMEP Line 2 pipeline and facilities, including tanks, will be designed for seismic loading corresponding to a two per cent probability of exceedance in 50 years (equivalent to a return period of 2,475 years), which is consistent with the current requirements of the National Building Code of Canada. As part of preliminary in the Coquihalla region (KP studies, a screening level assessment of two of the most dominant seismic hazards, liquefaction potential and seismically induced landslides, has been completed along the entire pipeline corridor and is included in the Seismic Assessment Desktop Study Report. Those areas along the route identified as having elevated 1000 to KP 1060) and the liquefaction or landslide potential will then have site-specific studies and investigations undertaken during the detailed engineering and design phase to ensure the adequacy of the pipeline design. Although no active faults (where rupture has occurred in the last 11,000 years) have been identified in BC, studies will be Project’s preventative and conducted as part of the detailed engineering and design phase in an attempt to further confirm the presence or absence of active faults crossing or running close to the route. In the event that a potentially active fault is discovered, the pipeline design will be site specifically modified to accommodate the direction and possible mitigative measures to resolve magnitude of movement across the fault. At major watercourse crossings, and other areas where lateral spreading as a result of liquefaction has the potential to occur, the pipeline will be designed to resist the potential ground movement (both transient and permanent) associated with the design level event. risk. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2 Source: Engagement, Mr. Mark Peters, Councillor Victoria Peters and Elder Fran Genaille provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Tuesday, October 21, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4D4W8, Round 2b of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4J1I9], Information Request no. 2b to Trans Mountain (NEB Filing ID: A68081). SUMMARY OF SHACKAN INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Displacement of Shackan Indian Band community members In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This Use from TLRU sites plan also addresses the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. Effects on plant gathering sites (mushrooms, berries, Indian tea, wild potato, wild onions, wild rhubarb, sunflowers) at Coquihalla The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic Lakes on these routes and determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

Effects on medicinal plant gathering sites at Coquihalla Lakes An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites. -plants used for ceremonial and teaching purposes. Some plants will not grow back All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and Effects on hunting sites (deer, grouse) at Coquihalla Lakes  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

Effects on camping sites at Coquihalla Lakes used to harvest In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined. resources in the region Effects on gathering sites at Coquihalla Lakes Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity - lakes are used as gathering places for sweats/ powwows along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Degradation of gathering areas Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation Blockage of access to Traditional Land and Resource Use sites management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations. due to gates and fences

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

Effects on fishing sites (trout) at Coquihalla Lakes Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on fish and fish habitat:  mark acquired additional TWS prior to the initiation of instream work and ensure additional TWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers;  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes;  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the DFO Operational Statement for Clear-Span Bridges and Operational Statement for Bridge Maintenance;  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared;  clear vegetation located within the watercourse/wetland/lake vegetation buffer area crossed by the pipeline right-of-way and TWS only if absolutely necessary;  fell trees away from watercourses and away from limits of the construction right-of-way to reduce damage to streambanks, beds and adjacent trees. Hand clear the area, if necessary, to reduce disturbance;  adhere to clearing guidelines for protection of streams and wetlands provided in the Forest Practices Code, and the Riparian Management Area Guidebook in BC, where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on stream or wetland class; and  assess the grain size; if it is poorly graded and coarse material, Trans Mountain will conduct installation of filter fabric at the base of the trench to prevent migration of fine sediment into the aquifer during trenching over highly vulnerable aquifers.  Depressurize the aquifer in the vicinity of the horizontal directional drill area during the subsurface crossing and casing installation operations.  Utilize Best Management Practices for spill prevention outlined in the Pipeline EPP including in areas where higher vulnerability wells and aquifers are identified.  Depressurize the construction area or subsurface crossing area prior to excavation/directional drilling through, for example, drilling wells and then extracting water in order to reduce, locally, the pressure in the aquifer.  Depressurize the aquifer in the vicinity of the horizontal directional drill area during the subsurface crossing and casing installation operations.  Utilize Best Management Practices for spill prevention outlined in the Pipeline EPP including in areas where higher vulnerability wells and aquifers are identified.  Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse. Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity. Contamination of plants from dust, herbicides and pesticides To reduce or avoid the potential for dust emissions, Trans Mountain, when warranted, will direct the watering down of construction sites and access roads. Water, or approved tackifier, will be applied to exposed soil piles if wind erosion occurs, as well as to disturbed areas if traffic and wind conditions result in pulverized soils and dust problems. Trans Mountain will ensure that watering of roads and sites does not generate excessive formation of surface water accumulation (i.e., puddles or excessive mud generation), or result in overland water flow or sedimentation of watercourses/wetlands/lakes. Only approved chemical dust suppressants will be used as outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of herbicides and pesticides:  Restrict the application of herbicides to licensed Applicators;  Prohibit the use of herbicides on organic farm lands;  Avoid the use of pesticides (except for herbicides to control invasive plants or noxious weeds; only use as spot treatments and outside the migratory bird breeding season). Alteration of wildlife habitat particularly moose and deer The three main components of habitat fragmentation are habitat loss, reduced habitat patch size and increased isolation of patches. Effects of habitat fragmentation will be reduced by alignment of the proposed route parallel to and contiguous with existing linear features, and minimizing the Project footprint Fragmentation of wildlife habitat to the maximum extent feasible. A suite of mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce the potential effects of the Project on wildlife habitat, movement and mortality risk. Mitigation measures to reduce effects on habitat, limit barriers to movement, avoid attraction of wildlife to the work site, minimize sensory disturbance and protect site-specific habitat features of importance are discussed in Section 7.2.10 of Volume 5A of the Trans Mountain Application and the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Displacement of wildlife

During and following construction, Trans Mountain will manage access (human and predator) at slope changes, crossings (i.e., watercourse, road, pipeline right-of-way, railway) and bends in accordance with the Access Management Plan (Section 2.1 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) as well as the Wildlife Management Plans provided in Section 6 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans. SUMMARY OF SHACKAN INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on habitation sites:  Upon Footprint finalization, applicable mitigation options listed below for previously identified habitation sites within the proposed pipeline corridor will be confirmed based on the following criteria: the location of the site with respect to the proposed area of development, the relative importance of the site to the community, and the potential for an alternative mitigation strategy to reduce or avoid sensory disturbance;  Avoid disturbance of built features during final route refinement, to the extent practical;  Reduce the amount of land disturbed by using previously disturbed areas for stockpiles, staging areas and camps where possible;  Narrow the construction right-of-way at key locations to avoid valued built or natural features, to the extent practical;  Should additional habitation sites be identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities, implement the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan [Appendix B]. Mitigation may include one or more of the following measures: o detailed mapping, photographic recording and avoidance of the location by the development; o should avoidance of a site not be feasible, mitigation measures consisting of detailed recording and controlled excavations may be implemented; and/or o alternative site-specific mitigation strategies recommended by participating Aboriginal communities.  Implement applicable mitigation measures listed above during maintenance activities (e.g., integrity digs). Preservation and continuity of culture Since April 2012, Trans Mountain has engaged with Aboriginal communities that may be affected by the Project based on their assertion of traditional and cultural use of resources to maintain a traditional lifestyle. Trans Mountain respects the Aboriginal and treaty rights, unique culture, diversity, languages and traditions of Aboriginal people. Trans Mountain acknowledges the importance of teaching, the significance of culture and language and the considerable traditional knowledge that has been passed on for generations and as such is committed to continued listening, learning and working with Aboriginal people to ensure that knowledge and advice is considered and incorporated in the Project. The Aboriginal Engagement Program is based on mutual respect, timeliness, accountability and transparency in order to build positive and productive relationships for the long-term. Trans Mountain is fully committed to environmental management, protection and stewardship of the land during the construction and operations of all its facilities.

Water Quality Interconnectedness of the water system and health of lakes and Trans Mountain agrees that measures to protect sensitive environmental areas such as water bodies and riparian areas are critical. Trans Mountain takes a multi-layered approach to pipeline safety, including adopting measures such as strategically placed pipeline valves near waterways and trenchless river rivers crossings at some locations. Decrease in water quality Crossing methods specific to each watercourse will be determined in consultation with engineering and environmental specialists, as well as applicable regulatory authorities. Special precautions, such as completing construction through some wetlands and watercourses during the winter months when the ground is frozen, will be implemented, where feasible, on the river and stream crossings along the proposed pipeline corridor. Mitigation measures for the protection of fish and fish habitat during pipeline construction are provided in Section 14.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on water quantity and quality:  mark acquired ETWS prior to the initiation of instream work. Ensure ETWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers;  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes;  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the in accordance with DFO’s Measures to Avoid Causing Harm to Fish and Fish Habitat (DFO 2013);  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared;  take ETWS at water crossings to ensure sufficient space to allow storage of topsoil/root zone material and spoil; note that a vegetative buffer is to be left in place at watercourse crossings unless otherwise approved by the Environmental Inspectors;  endeavour to fell all timber onto the pipeline construction footprint and away from watercourses and wetlands, where feasible, during survey line clearing;  refer to applicable clearing guidelines for protection of watercourses and wetlands provided in the Environmental Protection and Management Guidelines (BC OGC 2015), where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on watercourse or wetland class; and,  Assess permeability of trench materials in aquifer areas to determine the potential for sediment migration during trenching. Where coarse materials are observed and sediment migration anticipated, use pumps and/or install filter fabric in the trench to avoid or reduce sediment migration, where feasible. Depressurize the aquifer in the vicinity of the horizontal directional drill area during the subsurface crossing and casing installation operations.

Utilize Best Management Practices for spill prevention outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) including in areas where higher vulnerability wells and aquifers are identified. Depressurize the construction area or subsurface crossing area prior to excavation/directional drilling through, for example, drilling wells and then extracting water in order to reduce, locally, the pressure in the aquifer. Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse. Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity.Crossings of wetlands and watercourses will be planned during suitable ground and weather conditions with consideration for sensitive fish and wildlife timing windows.

Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. Dedicated staff work to maintain pipeline integrity through Trans Mountain’s maintenance, inspection, and awareness programs.

Trans Mountain has comprehensive spill response plans in place for the Trans Mountain pipeline and facilities. These plans are constantly being updated to keep them current and are regularly practiced through deployment exercises. While the specific strategies used in response to a spill will vary depending on the circumstances, the primary objectives in all cases are to ensure safety and to minimize environmental damage. Contamination of water Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards. Decreased access to clean water SUMMARY OF SHACKAN INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Ecological integrity of lakes, rivers and groundwater The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) computer system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline.

Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities.

The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced.

In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off-shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.

As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.

A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place.

An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application.

Vegetation Invasive plant species reducing native plant habitat Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Section 9.1 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve Concern regarding vegetation monitoring. land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for reclamation are outlined in the in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans) as well as in the Reclamation Management Plan (Section 9.1 of Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans). Effects on aesthetic qualities of the mountains -“sense of peace” Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Appendix C of Volume 6B of the Trans Mountain Application) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time when in nature achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses. Socio-Economic Changes in landscape creating unfamiliar territory In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This Increase in traffic plan also addresses the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction.

The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known TLU sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

SUMMARY OF SHACKAN INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Spills Contamination of water due to spills Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards.

The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) computer system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline.

Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities.

The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced.

In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off-shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.

As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.

A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place.

An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2. Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, TLU results are discussed in Section 4.3.2 of the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) [Filing ID: A61882], Grand Chief Percy Joe, Mr. Lennard Joe, Elder Jimmy Toodlican, Mr. John Gailus (counsel) and Mr. Matthew Nefstead (counsel) provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Thursday, November 13, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4E8W4], meeting with Shackan Indian Band, May 21, 2014. SUMMARY OF SHXW’ŌWHÁMEL FIRST NATION INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Use Effects on medicinal plant In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses harvesting sites in the park the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the (stinging nettles, devil’s club, ice- right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. cream berries) Effects on traditional plant The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and harvesting sites in Coquihalla determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented. Summit Recreation Area. Certain plants may not return An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites. after construction All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will: Effects on hunting of deer and mountain sheep in park  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and Effects on hunting sites within Coquihalla Summit Recreation  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members. Area. In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of- way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans).

Request for in-depth Since April 2012, Trans Mountain has engaged with Aboriginal communities that may be affected by the Project based on their assertion of traditional and cultural use of resources to maintain a traditional lifestyle. Trans Mountain respects the Aboriginal and treaty rights, unique culture, diversity, languages and traditions of conversation about cultural use Aboriginal people. Trans Mountain acknowledges the importance of teaching, the significance of culture and language and the considerable traditional knowledge that has been passed on for generations and as such is committed to continued listening, learning and working with Aboriginal people to ensure that knowledge and of the Coquihalla Summit advice is considered and incorporated in the Project. The Aboriginal Engagement Program is based on mutual respect, timeliness, accountability and transparency in order to build positive and productive relationships for the long-term. Recreation Area and upcoming archaeological studies Seismic Hazard Concern for the risk to pipeline In fulfilment of NEB Condition 51 Trans Mountain must file with the NEB for approval a field changes manual for geohazard mitigation. This manual must include: structural integrity caused by earthquake-related landslides  decision criteria for implementing mitigation for any geohazards identified during construction; and debris flow in the Coquihalla  specific criteria for implementing changes to the designs, grading, special materials, protective structures, increased burial depth, installation procedures, erosion mitigation measures, and monitoring; and region, an area with high  details regarding the required qualifications of the field staff that will implement the manual. potential for geohazards. Request for information Mitigation measures for control of erosion on steep slopes are provided in Sections 7.0 and 13.0 of the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). regarding the preventative and mitigative measures to ensure  Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards. and maintain pipeline integrity in  The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) regions of high potential computer system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along geohazards, including the the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection Coquihalla region. system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline.  Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities.  The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced.  In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off- shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.  As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.  A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place.  An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application.

Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans.

2. Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, Mr. Albert McHalsie and Mr. Alfred James provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Thursday, October 16, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4D3E6], Round 2 of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4G6D6], written evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing IDs: A4L9U9 A4L9V0 A4L9V2 A4L9V3 A4L9V4 A4L9V5 A4L9V6 A4L9V7 A4L9V8 A4L9V9 A4Q1A0 A4Q1A1 A4Q1A2 A4Q1A3 A4Q1A4 A4Q1A5 A4Q1A6 A4Q1A7 A4Q1A8 A4Q1A9]; Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Workshop, March 26, 2014; Integrated Cultural Assessment for the Proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project, 2014. SUMMARY OF STÓ:LŌ COLLECTIVE INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Use Concern for effects on traditional In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses plant harvesting sites in the activities during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the Coquihalla Summit Recreation right-of-way following construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. Area. Effects on hunting sites within The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and Coquihalla Summit Recreation determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented. Area. An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of- way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Cultural Resources Concern for adverse effect of Trans Mountain is completing studies along the proposed pipeline corridor to gather data for the ESA. This assessment will consider: the potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the construction, operations and maintenance of the pipeline; ways in which these effects can be minimized or avoided altogether; and construction activities on mitigation and reclamation strategies that will further reduce these effects. Overall, Project-related effects on heritage resources are addressed in the ESA. archaeological and cultural resources, particularly for KP 961 This will include development of mitigation measures to reduce effects related to archaeological, palaeontological and historical sites. to KP 1140 (which includes the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Trans Mountain will follow any conditions or recommendations identified in the permits for the Heritage Resources Impact Assessment (HRIA) for Alberta and Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) for BC. Area.)

Request that the fully completed In the event archaeological, palaeontological or historical sites are discovered during construction, follow the contingency measures identified in the Heritage Resources Discovery Contingency Plan (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Archaeological Impact

Assessment and related cultural heritage management plans be No work at that particular location shall continue until permission is granted by the appropriate regulatory authority. provided to the Stó:lō Collective for review, particularly for KP 961 Further discussion is provided under heritage resources in Section 7.2.1 of Volume 5B of the Application (Filing ID A3S1S7). to KP 1140 (which includes the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area.) Concern that Stó:lō cultural heritage sites between KP 961 to KP 1140 (which includes the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area) are not sufficiently or accurately represented and addressed in the Project’s socio- economic assessment, TLRU assessment and cultural assessment. Emergency Concern regarding pipeline Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards. Response Planning ruptures and leaks and Project  The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) emergency response computer system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along procedures, particularly for KP the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection 961 to KP 1140 (which includes system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline. the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area.) SUMMARY OF STÓ:LŌ COLLECTIVE INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Request for Project Emergency  Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, Management Plans, including a 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide list identifying potential Project important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities. hazards between KP 961 to KP  The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If 1140 (which includes the necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced. Coquihalla Summit Recreation  In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off- Area.) shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.  As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.  A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place. An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application. Wetlands Concern that wetland mitigation, The proposed pipeline alignment does not cross any wetlands within the CSRA. monitoring and emergency response plans have not accommodated Stó:lō traditional use areas between KP 961 to KP 1140 (which includes the Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area.) Fish and Fish Concern for locations of Trans Mountain will implement the following mitigation to limit the potential effects of the Project on fish and fish habitat: Habitat hydrostatic water withdrawal and  mark acquired additional TWS prior to the initiation of instream work and ensure additional TWS does not encroach within vegetated riparian buffers; discharge from the Coquihalla  ensure power line poles or towers are sited outside of the channel width and/or riparian buffer areas of watercourses/wetlands/lakes; River.  install, use and remove bridges in accordance with the measures identified in the DFO Operational Statement for Clear-Span Bridges and Operational Statement for Bridge Maintenance;  prohibit clearing of extra TWS within the riparian buffer, only the trench and TWS areas will be cleared;  clear vegetation located within the watercourse/wetland/lake vegetation buffer area crossed by the pipeline right-of-way and TWS only if absolutely necessary;  fell trees away from watercourses and away from limits of the construction right-of-way to reduce damage to streambanks, beds and adjacent trees. Hand clear the area, if necessary, to reduce disturbance;  adhere to clearing guidelines for protection of streams and wetlands provided in the Forest Practices Code, and the Riparian Management Area Guidebook in BC, where riparian management zones (widths) are identified based on stream or wetland class; and  assess the grain size; if it is poorly graded and coarse material, Trans Mountain will conduct installation of filter fabric at the base of the trench to prevent migration of fine sediment into the aquifer during trenching over highly vulnerable aquifers.  Depressurize the aquifer in the vicinity of the horizontal directional drill area during the subsurface crossing and casing installation operations.  Utilize Best Management Practices for spill prevention outlined in the Pipeline EPP including in areas where higher vulnerability wells and aquifers are identified.  Depressurize the construction area or subsurface crossing area prior to excavation/directional drilling through, for example, drilling wells and then extracting water in order to reduce, locally, the pressure in the aquifer.  Depressurize the aquifer in the vicinity of the horizontal directional drill area during the subsurface crossing and casing installation operations.  Utilize Best Management Practices for spill prevention outlined in the Pipeline EPP including in areas where higher vulnerability wells and aquifers are identified.  Excavate the entry and expected exit sites to provide for the containment of drilling mud and cuttings during a horizontal directional drill. Ensure the excavations are located far enough from the watercourse and in containment berms or tanks that are large enough to contain the anticipated maximum volume of drilling mud above the high watermark of the watercourse.  Trans Mountain will work with regulatory authorities to determine the necessary approvals, licenses and permits needed for construction of the pipeline or associated components prior to the commencement of the permitted activity on any given pipeline spread. The Contractor(s), subcontractors and the Inspector(s) will be provided with copies of all approvals/licenses and permits including the most recent updates and revisions, and will comply with all conditions presented to Trans Mountain. Trans Mountain will resolve any inconsistencies between approval/permit conditions and contract documents prior to commencement of the construction activity. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2. Source: Engagement; TLU results were filed in the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) in Section 4.4.4 [Filing ID: A3Z4Z2]; Information Request No. 1 to Trans Mountain (NEB Filing ID: A60225); Round 2 IR’s resubmission (NEB Filing ID: A65488); Final Argument (NEB Filing ID: A4X5T3); Integrated Cultural Assessment for the Proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project, 2014. SUMMARY OF UNION BAR BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Effects on medicinal plant In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses the activities Use harvesting sites in the park during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following (stinging nettles, devil’s club, ice- construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. cream berries) Certain plants may not return The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining after construction appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented. Effects on hunting of deer and mountain sheep in park An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Request for in-depth Since April 2012, Trans Mountain has engaged with Aboriginal communities that may be affected by the Project based on their assertion of traditional and cultural use of resources to maintain a traditional lifestyle. Trans Mountain respects the Aboriginal and treaty rights, unique culture, diversity, languages and traditions of Aboriginal conversation about cultural use people. Trans Mountain acknowledges the importance of teaching, the significance of culture and language and the considerable traditional knowledge that has been passed on for generations and as such is committed to continued listening, learning and working with Aboriginal people to ensure that knowledge and advice is considered of the Coquihalla Summit and incorporated in the Project. The Aboriginal Engagement Program is based on mutual respect, timeliness, accountability and transparency in order to build positive and productive relationships for the long-term. Recreation Area and upcoming archaeological studies Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs of the Environmental Plans. 2. Source: Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Workshop, March 26, 2014 SUMMARY OF UPPER NICOLA INDIAN BAND INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Pipeline Integrity Concern over integrity of existing Pipeline safety is Trans Mountain’s top priority. With 60 years of operating experience, Trans Mountain employs rigorous safety standards. pipeline and risk of rupture or  The control centre for the pipeline is located at the Edmonton terminal, the start of the TMPL system. Control Centre Operators (CCOs) remotely monitor all aspects of pipeline operations. Operating conditions are monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by staff using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) computer leak in Coquihalla region. system. This electronic surveillance system gathers and displays such data as pipeline pressures, volume and flow rates and the status of pumping equipment and valves. Alarms notify CCOs if parameters deviate from prescribed operating limits. Both automated and manual valves are strategically located along the pipeline system to enable the pipeline to be shut down immediately and sections to be isolated quickly, if necessary. In the event of a precautionary shutdown of the pipeline there is a formal protocol, which must be followed prior to restarting the pipeline. This protocol includes analysis of SCADA and leak detection system data, aerial or foot patrols of the pipeline as appropriate, completion of any inspections or repairs, notifications to regulators, and development of a restart plan. The approval of two operations directors is required prior to the restart of the pipeline.  Operations staff trained to maintain the pipeline and respond in the event of a spill or other safety related incidents are located in communities along the pipeline route. Through central BC in the towns of Blue River, Clearwater, and Kamloops, an additional 40 operations personnel maintain the pipeline while in southern BC, 60 staff are located in Hope, Sumas (near Abbotsford) and Burnaby. The pipeline right-of-way is regularly patrolled by both land and air. Any unauthorized activity or encroachment is reported and investigated. Trans Mountain has a public awareness program designed to create awareness about pipelines, provide important safety information, increase knowledge of the regulations for working around pipelines, and educate first responders and the public on our emergency preparedness response activities.  The integrity of the pipeline is regularly monitored using electronic equipment called “smart pigs”. These devices inspect the pipeline from the inside and can identify potential anomalies or changes to the condition of the pipe. The collected data is analyzed to pinpoint locations where further investigation is required. If necessary, a section of the pipe is exposed and assessed by qualified technicians so that it can be repaired or replaced.  In the unlikely event of a pipeline or facility release to a freshwater environment, local, provincial and/or federal authorities can implement controls or issue advisories to protect public health. Examples of such controls include closure of commercial and recreational fisheries, beach closures, forced evacuation of people off-shore and/or on-shore if public health and safety are threatened, and the issuance of fish, shellfish or other seafood consumption advisories. In this regard, once a spill has occurred, DFO is notified. DFO along with other regulatory authorities such as Environment Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency will assess the spill and, based on its location, size and the potential opportunities for people to be exposed to the oil through different exposure pathways, will determine the types of added control measures, if any, that may be necessary. These measures will reduce the potential opportunities for exposure of people to the chemicals released during a spill through secondary pathways on a long-term basis.  As well, monitoring programs may be initiated to track both the movement of the oil slick itself as well as the presence of any spill-related chemical residues in different environmental media, including the water column, soils and/or sediment, and extending to fish, shellfish and other possible foodstuffs if necessary to protect public health. The results of the monitoring program(s) will be used, in part, to guide decision-making opposite the need for control measures such as fisheries closures, beach closures and/or food advisories. These controls will remain in place until the results of the monitoring program(s) indicate that public health and safety is no longer threatened. The implementation of the monitoring programs and introduction of such control measures will serve to reduce the opportunities for exposure of the public to the chemicals, especially any exposures that could be received through secondary pathways on a longer-term basis.  A discussion on the probability and consequences of a pipeline spill is provided in Section 3.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application. Oil spill risk is a function of the frequency of an event leading to a loss of containment and release of product and the consequences of that release, should such an event occur. For pipelines a release has the potential to impact the natural or human environment. Inside facilities (i.e., pump stations and terminals), where historically, most releases have occurred, spilled product is contained and there are normally minimal external consequences. Biological effects of oil spills to freshwater environments vary widely in relation to the characteristics of spilled oil, the physical dimensions and other characteristics of the receiving waters, season, and other factors. Based on the results of the Ecological Risk Assessment, it is clear that a crude oil spill into a freshwater environment could have substantial negative environmental effects that could be long-lasting if not effectively remediated. This confirms that the primary focus of spill prevention and response activities must always be to reduce the probability of an oil spill to be as low as reasonably practical, and to have adequate oil spill response plans and procedures in place.  An evaluation of the potential range of ecological effects resulting from hypothetical oil spills to aquatic environments is provided in Section 6.0 and 7.0 of Volume 7 in the Trans Mountain Application, and in the Qualitative Ecological Risk Assessment for Pipeline Spills (TR 7-1) in Volume 7 of the Trans Mountain Application. Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2 Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, Chief Harvey McLeod, Elder Mary Archachan, Mr. Fred (Scotty) Holmes, Mr. Lou Paul, Councillor George Saddleman, Ms. Crystal Reeves (counsel), Ms. Brenda Gaertner (counsel) provided Intervenor Oral Evidence to the NEB on Thursday, November 20, 2014 [NEB Filing ID: A4F1L1], Round 1 of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing IDs: A3W7K5], Round 2 of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing IDs: A4G6Q0], Revised Round 2 IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4G7C8], Round 2c of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4K3Z8], Round 2d of Intervenor IRs [NEB Filing ID: A4K9Y4], written evidence to the NEB [NEB Filing IDs: A4Q1R7 A4Q1R8 A4Q1R9 A4Q1S0 A4Q1S1 A4Q1S2 A4Q1S3 A4Q1S4 A4Q1S5 A4Q1S6 A4Q1S7 A4Q1S8 A4Q1S9 A4Q1T0 A4Q1T1 A4Q1T2 A4Q1T3 A4Q1T4 A4Q1T5 A4Q1T6 A4Q1T7 A4Q1T8], Upper Nicola Indian Final Argument (NEB Filing ID: A4X5V5). SUMMARY OF YALE FIRST NATION INTERESTS AND CONCERNS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COQUIHALLA SUMMIT RECREATION AREA

Category Interests and Concerns Raised Trans Mountain’s Response Traditional Land Potential effects on hunting in In order to minimalize disturbance to access to Aboriginal communities’ traditional lands, the Access Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) addresses the management of pipeline construction traffic and access along the pipeline construction footprint and temporary access routes. This plan also addresses the activities and Resource uplands areas during pre-construction, construction (pipe installation) and construction clean-up and reclamation phases of the Project and provides guidelines for vehicular use on the pipeline construction footprint and associated access roads, as well as blocking and/or controlling access to previously inaccessible portions of the right-of-way following Use Potential effects on plant construction and throughout the operation phase of the Project. The intent of the mitigation is to reduce disturbances caused by access, construction equipment and vehicle traffic, during and following pipeline construction. gathering in uplands areas The objectives of the Access Management Plan will be accomplished by minimizing the development of access routes, controlling public access along the construction right-of-way, selecting appropriate access routes that cause the least disturbance to high quality, sensitive wildlife habitat, managing traffic on these routes and determining appropriate construction reclamation. Trans Mountain will work with applicable resource managers, traditional land and resource users to define locations where access control is necessary, and what type(s) of access control will be implemented.

An environmental education program will be developed and implemented to ensure that all personnel working on the construction of the Project are informed of the location of known Traditional Land Use (TLU) sites.

All sensitive resources identified on the Environmental Alignments Sheets and environmental tables within the immediate vicinity or the right-of-way will be clearly marked before the start of clearing. Trans Mountain will:  provide Aboriginal communities with the anticipated construction schedule and proposed pipeline corridor maps, a minimum of four weeks prior to the start of construction in the vicinity of their respective communities;  install signage notifying of construction activities in the area; and  Trans Mountain will work with Aboriginal communities to develop strategies to most effectively communicate the construction schedule and work areas to community members.

In the event that additional TLU sites are identified during ongoing engagement with Aboriginal communities prior to construction for the Project, the sites will be assessed and appropriate mitigation measures will be determined.

Trans Mountain will implement the Reclamation Management Plan (Volume 6 of the Environmental Plans) that includes construction reclamation measures to be implemented prior to, during and following pipeline installation in order stabilize and revegetate affected lands that in time achieve land productivity along the right-of-way equivalent to the adjacent land use and ensuring the ability of the land to support various land uses.

Trans Mountain will utilize an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to carry out problem vegetation management practices for the Project and to meet the overall objectives of IVM for all Trans Mountain pipelines and facilities. Trans Mountain will consult with the public, adjacent landowners and Aboriginal communities affected by the Project regarding problem vegetation management and methods of treatment. IVM is an adaptive management process involving the use of various methods in a cost-effective and responsible manner to reduce the use of herbicides, promote healthy ecosystems, provide measurable results and facilitate better management of problem vegetation. The Weed and Vegetation Management Plan will address non-chemical, cultural and chemical techniques for problem vegetation management along the construction right-of-way through recommendations of vegetation management procedures, which include: timing considerations; select methods and equipment; and specific vegetation management procedures based on prevention, identification, monitoring, treatment thresholds, vegetation management options and post treatment evaluation considerations.

Further discussion is provided under vegetation in Section 7.2.9 of Volume 5B of the Trans Mountain Application. Mitigation measures for vegetation are outlined in the Pipeline EPP (Volume 2 of the Environmental Plans). Note: 1 Detailed mitigation measures are outlined in the updated Project-specific EPPs in the Environmental Plans. 2 Source: Engagement, participation in field studies, TLU results were filed in the July 2014 Supplemental Traditional Land and Resource Use (TLRU) Technical Discipline Report (TDR) in Section 4.4.4 [Filing ID: A3Z4Z2], Cultural Heritage Assessment and Traditional Knowledge Study for the Proposed Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Pipeline Route through Yale First Nation Territory Final Report.

Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area Reclamation Plan Trans Mountain Expansion Project 687945/February 2017

Public Consultation This section provides information on the TMEP Public Consultation Program, or stakeholder engagement, for the CSRA, summarises information received from stakeholders and describes how comments were gathered and considered in this Application.

To date, the Trans Mountain team has received feedback from public open houses (information sessions), workshops, one-on-one meetings, public presentations, online discussion forums and comments forms and directly through email and telephone contact. Feedback collected has helped shape aspects of the Project. Key topics and issues have been relayed to the appropriate Project team representative to be considered and incorporated into the Land Use/Occupancy Resource Use Permit Application were applicable.

Specific opportunities to participate in discussions regarding the CSRA include the following:

 Community Workshop to discuss proposed pipeline corridor including the proposed pipeline corridor through CSRA in Hope BC, on June 11, 2013;

 Community Workshop to discuss proposed pipeline corridor including the proposed pipeline corridor through CSRA in Merritt BC, on June 12, 2013; and

 BC Parks Workshop to discuss the CSRA in Hope, B.C. on March 26, 2014.

Stakeholders who participated in engagement activities with respect to CSRA include:

 Coquihalla Lakes Lodge;

 Hope Chamber of Commerce;

 Fraser Cascade Mountain School;

 Fraser Valley Regional District;

 Hope Mountain Centre for Outdoor Living;

 Néstle Waters (local business);

 Black Diamond Ranch;

 Merritt Chamber of Commerce;

 Coquihalla Snowmobile Club;

 Merritt Mountain Biking Association;

 Merritt Snowmobile Club;

 Nicola Naturalist Society;

 Nicola Valley ATV Club;

 Nicola Watershed Community Roundtable;

 Trails BC;

 Backcountry Horsemen of BC;

 Coquihalla Summit Snowmobile Club;

 Hope Pathways;

 Spectra Energy; and

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 Fallis.

Although a wide range of issues were raised by stakeholders throughout the consultation process, recurring themes have emerged, including the following:

 dust impacts on mountain terrain;

 high recreational value in Coquihalla Canyon and on right-of-way and request for alternate access and notification during construction;

 protection of native plant species and avoidance of the spread of invasive plant species;

 potential effects on fish habitat, including rearing ponds for steelhead and summer run for steelhead near Coquihalla;

 potential effects on viewsheds (beauty of the Coquihalla River and Coquihalla Lakes);

 potential effects on wildlife habitat and wildlife migratory patterns;

 potential effects of a spill to Coquihalla River summer run, steelhead habitat, Dolly Varden char and salmon spawning downstream;

 potential effects on species of risk in CSRA; and

 Increased erosion after clearing for construction (risk of slope instability and landslides).

In addition to the issues identified above, participants in the CSRA Workshops identified the following potential benefits and potential opportunities for offsets in CSRA:

 restoration of the existing right-of-way;

 replanting of disturbed areas;

 wildlife inventories and migration studies for wolverine and grizzly bears;

 study of road kill data to determine opportunities to create wildlife corridor or additional wildlife fencing south of Falls Lake;

 interpretative history and recreational signage, kiosks and maps;

 improvement of the Trans Canada Trail from Coquihalla Lakes to Othello Road (e.g., bridge over Coquihalla and clear sections of the Kettle Valley Railway, create better non-highway trail access and facilities) to enhance tourism;

 assistance in updating the CSRA Management Plan by providing results of studies and funds;

 consideration of the right-of-way to provide space for non-motorized trails;

 consideration of the right-of-way for equestrian trails;

 safety seminars for volunteers and users including how to identify pipeline issues;

 donation of funds from merchantable timber collected from clearing right-of-way to trail projects and park infrastructure;

 creation of parking for winter and summer recreation users;

 Coquihalla Lake Picnic Site; and

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 protection of areas where there is medicinal plant use and archaeological sites.

Key environmental and socio-economic issues raised during the TMEP Public Consultation Program have been considered during the evaluation of potential Project effects (Section 8.0) and additional mitigation and enhancement measures have been incorporated in the Pipeline EPP where relevant (i.e., NEB Condition 72). A detailed summary of stakeholder issues or concerns as well as Trans Mountain’s response is outlined in Appendix C.

Trans Mountain will continue to work with BC Parks and stakeholders to identify and address issues and concerns with the objective of resolving any outstanding matters.

British Columbia Provincial and Local Government Specific to the Land Use/ Occupancy Resource Use Permit Application, consultation with provincial agencies was conducted (by email, phone and in-person meetings) in order to obtain input on Project design and Application requirements. During consultation sessions, provincial authorities were given an overview of the Project, proposed routing and provided with Project updates and had the opportunity to provide feedback. Questions were asked of provincial authorities relating to routing feedback and permitting, watercourse crossings, timing windows for Project activities, and environmental mitigation measures.

Table A-1 outlines discussions held with provincial agencies regarding the CSRA.

TABLE A-1

KEY CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES WITH BC PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Method of Date of Engagement Consultation Agency Name Activity Point of Contact Activity Reason for Engagement BC Parks In-person -- June 6, 2013 Discuss next steps in the permitting process for the BC Oil and Gas research phase of the Project. Commission (OGC) BC Parks Email Amanda Weber-Roy June 18, 2013 Confirmation of Parks that have been identified as being crossed by the Project. BC Parks Email Brian Bawtinheimer October 8, 2013 Confirmation that the Project should be further considered as a Stage 2 Boundary Adjustment as set out in the Provincial Protected Areas Policy, Process and Guidelines. BC Parks Email Brett Hudson January 31, 2014 Clarification of Stage 2 Boundary Adjustment and Park Use Permit (PUP) Application process. BC Parks In-person Brett Hudson March 26, 2014 Parks Workshop BC Parks In-Person Brett Hudson March 26, 2014 Meeting is discuss CSRA workshop and next steps. BC Parks Email Brett Hudson October 9, 2014 BC Parks Land Use/Occupancy Resource Permit Application for CSRA sent for review. BC Ministry of Forests, Email Brett Hudson October 9, 2014 BC Parks Land Use/Occupancy Resource Permit Lands and Natural Application for CSRA sent for review Resource Operations BC Parks Phone Amanda Weber-Roy March 16, 2015 Discuss Esh-Kn-Am request to be involved in research studies occurring in CSRA and the consultation process for the Research PUP Application. BC Parks Email Amanda Weber-Roy April 16, 2015 Explained that BC Parks had not heard from Esh- Kn-Am and were holding off on decision re permit are meeting with Stk’emlupsemc to Secwepemc Nation.

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TABLE A-1 Cont'd

Method of Date of Engagement Consultation Agency Name Activity Point of Contact Activity Reason for Engagement BC Parks Email Jim Standen April 29, 2015 KMC request for meeting to discuss the status BC MOE and next steps to advance the Permit Application for CSRA. BC Parks Email Brett Hudson August 25, 2015 Provided BC Parks with an update on routing BC MOE through BC parks including information that the CSRA route remains unchanged. Request for confirmation of next steps and process for the Boundary Adjustment Application. BC Parks In-person Rob Wilson January 28, 2016 Meeting to discuss the CSRA PUP Application. BC Parks Email Johanna Hirner June 14, 2016 BC Parks provided comments and information requested for inclusion in an updated PUP. BC Parks Email Rob Wilson June 28, 2016 TMEP advised BC Parks of the intention to include geotechnical studies application within the PUP and to conduct a Visual Quality Assessment after the method of crossing Dry Gulch was determined. BC Parks Email Rob Wilson July 5, 2016 BC Parks informs TMEP that it is a preference to include Visual Quality Assessment with mitigation measures as part of the Permit Application.

Trans Mountain shared Project updates and proposed routing with the Chief Administrative Officers of the District of Hope and City of Merritt on numerous occasions during Project and routing briefings. The Chief Administrative Officers of the District of Hope and City of Merritt, as well as other staff members attended, and provided input to the BC Parks Workshop in Hope as well as at other Project briefing meetings. A meeting was also held with representatives of the Fraser Valley Regional District Office on September 14, 2015 to discuss potential benefits of the Project.

While the City of Merritt and the District of Hope representatives did not take a position in relation to the proposed pipeline corridor through CSRA, no concerns were raised.

Table A-2 outlines Trans Mountain’s public consultation activities with the City of Merritt and the District of Hope.

TABLE A-2

KEY CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Stakeholder Method of Date of Group/ Engagement Number of Consultation Agency Name Activity Attendees Point of Contact Activity Reason for Engagement City of Merritt In-person 4 Chief Administrative Officer October 30, 2012 Provide information about the Project at a public information session. District of Hope In-person -- Chief Administrative Officer November 28, 2012 Provide information about the Project. Interest in economic benefits. District of Hope In-person 12 Chief Administrative Officer February 12, 2013 Provide overview about the Project, routing, engagement and economic benefits. Questions were raised by Councillors addressed to the Senior Project Director regarding employment plans, tax rates and exemptions. District of Hope In-person 2 Chief Administrative Officer June 11, 2013 Community Workshop (Refer to Section 5.1.1 for comments provided from stakeholders during this event). District of Hope In-person 1 Chief Administrative Officer October 21, 2013 Meeting to discuss community park plans and the opportunities for providing in-kind equipment support. City of Merritt In-person 1 Chief Administrative Officer November 22, 2013 Meeting to discuss economic opportunities and local economic opportunities.

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TABLE A-2 Cont'd

Stakeholder Method of Date of Group/ Engagement Number of Consultation Agency Name Activity Attendees Point of Contact Activity Reason for Engagement District of Hope In-person 4 Chief Administrative Officer January 29, 2014 Meeting to provide update on routing, landowner discussions and next steps for routing consultation in Hope. District of Hope In-person 3 Chief Administrative Officer March 26, 2014 Parks Workshop (Refer to Section 5.2 for comments provided by stakeholders during this event). Fraser Valley In-person 5 Chief Administrative Officer September 14, 2015 Meeting to discuss potential avenues for Regional community benefits of the Project District Office

The results of the TMEP Public Consultation Program have helped refine the Project by identifying community benefit opportunities, informing mitigation measures for the Project and helping develop the scope of the evaluation of potential Project effects (Section 8.0). Trans Mountain communicated routing plans with affected municipalities and interested land user groups to ensure that current and future land use was respected. With the information gathered from consultation activities, Trans Mountain identified issues, addressed concerns and responded to questions about the Project. Consultation has also provided communities and government with an understanding of the Project.

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