Airplus Business Travel 2060. a Glimpse 50 Years Into the Future of Business Travel

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Airplus Business Travel 2060. a Glimpse 50 Years Into the Future of Business Travel AirPlus Business Travel 2060. A glimpse 50 years into the future of business travel. AIRPLUS. WHAT TRAVEL PAYMENT IS ALL ABOUT. This paper intends to cover the economic, social, cultural, infrastructural, technological and environmental factors that may impact the business travel industry over the next 50 years. 1 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. The future is almost impossible to predict, but we can present some educated ideas. teleconference, videoconference or face to face. With ever-increasing pressures to measure business travel’s return on investment, using the most cost effective technique to get people communicating while achieving results will be vital. We hope you will read on with interest, not because you need to adjust your travel programme to respond today, but as a passionate participant in the field of business travel. Dear Reader, Yael Klein UK Managing Director Looking into the future of business travel is AirPlus International tough, as so many factors influence the industry. An ongoing tug of war will inevitably occur between cultural changes in the way people will want to live their lives, economic developments of those nations that will emerge as more powerful than the west, and environmental factors which will urge the population to think ever more about the effect their actions have on the planet’s well-being. This paper is by no means a definitive outlook on what the world will look like in 50 years, that’s anyone’s guess, but we intend to outline some of the key trends and possible scenarios that may emerge and could have a significant impact on the way travel management is conducted. I think the most interesting proposal is the concept of travel management becoming a thing of the past. Travel managers will become, in essence, mobility managers or meetings managers: responsible for getting people in front of one another by the most appropriate means, whether that be via WebEx, 2 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. 3 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. Contents. Welcome from AirPlus International Global travel and infrastructure Business travel timeline 2020-2060 16 Distribution 16 Supply chain Introduction 17 Asymmetric mobility 17 The rise of the Mobility Integrator 20 predictions for business travel in 17 Travel Management Company or Mobility Management Company 2060 18 Car sharing The potential state of the economic 18 High-speed rail environment The future of technology 8 Scarcity of natural resources 8 BRICS nations come out on top 20 Virtual meetings space 9 Politics 20 Driverless future 21 You can drive my car Social and cultural change around 21 Driverless planes the world 22 Supersonic air travel 22 Sleeping on the job 12 Population growth 12 Urbanisation The environment 12 Communication and interconnectedness 24 Climate change 13 Travel management 2.0 25 Sustainability 13 Work–life balance and return on 25 New aircraft materials investment Conclusion 4 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. Business travel timeline 2020-2060. Economic Social Infrastructure Technology Environment 2035 Economic decline in the 2020-2035 Middle East 2022 Water becomes 2020-2035 Worldwide oil crisis Global tin a weapon of war reserves run out BRICS nations overtake the G7 Global population 2027 reaches 8 billion Sharp increase in cars 2030 that are either plug-in electric or hybrid 2020 Hypersonic China becoming airliners enter Human-like heavily urbanised 2033 service AI becomes High-speed rail 2029 a reality networks being expanded in 2025 many countries Transcontinental bridge links Sea levels rise: Africa and Middle East Bangkok abandoned 2031 due to flooding The first self-sufficient, 2020 car-free city – Masdar City 5 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. The Earth is the hottest it has been for over 3 million 2056 years 2035-2040 2044 Russia becomes a food superpower Transglobal 2061 UK population road and rail reaches 80 network opens million, becoming Europe‘s biggest country 2061 Gulf Coast abandoned due to super- Maximum long- 2045 hurricanes distance air travel time 2.5 hours Global population reaches 9 billion Virtual telepathy dominates personal Global average communication temperatures Green energy 2041 rise by 20°C resources make up to 30% of global energy 2050 consumption 6 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. Introduction. Note from the writer Crystal-ball gazing is never future-proof. In such an uncertain world there are inherent difficulties in looking ahead just 10 years, let alone 50. Would industry commentators in 1963, heralding the development of Concorde, have predicted the smartphone, or the multicultural societies using them? Although plenty of predictions have been made of what the world will look like in 2060, there is unfortunately no common, convenient time horizon. The year 2000 had a symmetry that 2060 does not. Therefore, in this paper you will see references to 2040, 2050 and 2060. The consensus is that the twenty-first century will bring unique challenges. Natural resources, such as oil and water, will become scarcer with worrying consequences for global security, financial stability and consequently business travel. The world’s population will continue to rise, creating an increasingly mobile workforce that will need to travel to do business and generate wealth. The degree to which this will actually happen is the subject of this paper. The contents may be speculative, but that speculation is an extrapolation of what we know now, existing trends and what others predict will happen over the next 50 years. Mark Harris Travel Intelligence Network 7 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. 20 predictions for business travel in 2060. 1. Business travel will encompass every facet of the trip, from door to door 2. Supersonic air travel will reduce all journeys to 2.5 hours or less 3. International business travel volumes will dwarf domestic travel 5. The cost of business travel will rise 4. Business travel will be concentrated sharply as natural resources dry up on 20-30 urban networks across and prices escalate the globe 6. Travel and meetings will be single-cost items on company balance sheets Head offices and regional Company-wide travel programmes 8. 7. offices will be a rarity as third- will not exist; travellers will make space working becomes common informed travel choices practice and commuting the exception 9. Travel for internal meetings will be financially unviable and socially unacceptable Most, if not all, internal meetings 10. Irresponsible travel buying will be conducted through hologram 11. by employees will be deemed videoconferencing gross misconduct 13. IT will become the major stakeholder in corporate 12. Travel Managers will travel management become ‘Mobility Managers’ or ‘Employee Productivity Managers’ 14. Traveller security will be a bigger priority than cost reduction 15. International law and order will disintegrate and pandemics will 16. Transport modes will finally become become more frequent, interconnected and interdependent, increasing the risk to travellers sharing booking platforms, ticketing and data systems 17. TMCs will no longer fulfil travel bookings, which will be made 18. Data privacy will be obsolete exclusively online direct with suppliers and tracked using 19. 90% of trains will run on time harmonised systems 20. Those responsible for travel within corporates will still need help and advice The irony is that, while many of the above are still many years off, the seeds of many others are being sown today. It’s a matter of when, rather than if. 8 AIRPLUS. BUSINESS TRAVEL 2060. The potential state of the economic environment. A global shift in economic powers will have a massive effect on how people do business abroad. Summary Scarcity of natural resources The next 50 years will see major changes in country shares in the world’s gross domestic product (GDP). The global travel industry has intrinsic links to the China is expected to become the largest economy natural environment and is therefore vulnerable to in the world by 2020; India is projected to overtake changing climates and resource shortages. Japan by the same date and the Eurozone by 2040. For example, water is a critical natural resource that is These changes will be driven by a better educated, generally overused by travel suppliers and consumers more productive workforce – especially in the BRICS in hotels, swimming pools and so on. The resulting nations, in turn driving international travel to and degradation of water supplies will inevitably impact from these countries. on business travel through rising costs. Oil shortages will have the same effect, whilst a boom in the oil The global economy is expected to grow 2.8% supply will drive productivity and therefore travel. by 2040, with Asia and Africa and the BRICS nations leading the way by 2027. The Organisation for The World Travel and Tourism Council estimates Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that business travel generates a return on investment predicts that the Chinese and Indian economies ratio of 10:1. WTTC also attributes one-third of the will have eclipsed the West by 2060. growth in global trade in the first decade of the twenty-first century to international business travel. The recession of 2008-2012 changed corporate Any scarcity of natural resources would inevitably attitudes to travel forever. Most company travel impact upon that productivity. policies were either downgraded, frozen or travel alternatives adopted. There is little sign of an appetite BRICS nations come out on top for a return to pre-recession practices, while soaring energy and fuel bills will inevitably be reflected in As the BRICS nations increase their overall share higher business travel costs. of global productivity, so business travel between these countries and the rest of the world will increase However, productivity will be a key driver of growth, as new customers and trading partners are sought. so there should always be a place for the face to face meeting, providing the purpose of the trip is The BRICS are already committed business travellers.
Recommended publications
  • Travel Policy & Procedures
    Travel Policy & Procedures It is Kizano’s policy to reimburse employees and consultants for the reasonable and allowable cost of official business travel. It may also apply to subcontractors if provided for in your company’s subcontract with Kizano. Reimbursement can only be assured if you follow the procedures provided below. Prior Approval Is Required You must have an approved travel request using the travel form KZ-212 before starting travel. The request must be approved in writing by the traveler’s supervisor, program manager, and government representative authorized to approve expenditures. Initial approval can be granted via email or other written form. It is your responsibility to get advance approval in writing; you may not get reimbursed if the travel was not authorized. How Much Can I Get Reimbursed? Reimbursement for official travel is based on the same payments available to government employees in accordance with the Joint Travel Regulation (JTR) Volume 5 https://www.defensetravel.dod.mil/site/travelreg.cfm. Although reimbursement from Kizano is subject to the JTR Per Diem rates, we are not subject to the procedures in the JTR (see JTR V. 5, 5154.31). For travel in the Continental United States (CONUS), the per diem rates are published by GSA and available online at https://www.gsa.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates. What is Per Diem? Per diem is a stated amount that reimburses you for certain types of travel costs. The per diem rates are published by GSA and vary by location. You may be paid per diem for travel that exceeds 12 hours or if an overnight stay is required.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th Anniversary of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
    20th anniversary of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism 20th anniversary of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism Global Code of Ethics for Tourism For Responsible Tourism Selected Initiatives 1 20th anniversary of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism ARTICLE 1 RELATED INITATIVE Tourism’s contribution to mutual understanding and Tundra North Tours respect between peoples and societies Inuvik, Canada 1. The understanding and promotion of the ethical values common to humanity, with an attitude of tolerance and respect for the diversity of religious, philosophical and moral beliefs, are both the foundation and the Tundra North Tours is an indigenous tourism company consequence of responsible tourism; stakeholders based in Canada’s Western Arctic, a region that is in tourism development and tourists themselves characterized by indigenous co-management in should observe the social and cultural traditions and government. In addition to offering year-long natural practices of all peoples, including those of minorities experiences, it aims to share various aspects of the and indigenous peoples and to recognize their worth; traditional Inuvialuit lifestyle with visitors. This includes showing them the sense of community and the ancestral 2. Tourism activities should be conducted in harmony relations to the land and the animals in order to foster with the attributes and traditions of the host regions cultural preservation. and countries and in respect for their laws, practices and customs; 3. The host communities, on the one hand, and local professionals, on the other, should acquaint themselves with and respect the tourists who visit them and find out about their lifestyles, tastes and expectations; the education and training imparted to professionals contribute to a hospitable welcome; 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Travel Advantage – Data with Insight 2019 Business Travel Advantage - Data with Insight
    Business Travel Advantage – Data with insight 2019 Business Travel Advantage - Data with insight What is the issue? have a short-term relocation or assignment By exercising control of Global business travelers potentially trigger policy, these typically don’t take account compliance and withholding obligations. of business travelers. This is despite the their business travel, These can be multiple (income tax, social business traveler population frequently corporates aggregate a security, immigration, corporation tax) and being many times larger than those on can impact at either or both the individual assignment as people have become mass of data with huge and the corporate level. Different tests increasingly specialized and moving skills inherent value to be apply to different taxes and places, but by putting them on a plane (rather than broadly all traveling employees making building capability in another country) is a tapped. more than just an occasional annual visit given component of many working lives. By increase these exposures. Historically this exercising control of their business travel, has often fallen below the radar of the corporates aggregate a mass of data with employer, the employee and the relevant huge inherent value to be tapped. tax and immigration authorities. Whilst most large groups with mobile workforces 02 Business Travel Advantage - Data with insight Why is this a hot topic? the exposure, existing HR and payroll For others the prompt has been that the Since the global economic travails of 2008 systems are generally too “domestic” to tax authorities have challenged them, or and their impact on tax revenues across easily enable analysis where multiple Internal Audit have identified the issue and many jurisdictions, tax authorities have jurisdictions are involved.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdsourced Insights on Business Travel Improving the Business Traveller Experience Contents
    Crowdsourced insights on business travel Improving the business traveller experience Contents What can crowdsourced data tell us about business travellers’ experiences? 01 The potential impact 02 How we developed our insights 03 The plight of the business traveller 04 The Business Traveller’s Journey Touchpoint 1: Pre-travel assessment 05 The Business Traveller’s Journey Touchpoint 2: Travelling & arrival 08 Conclusion 12 Crowdsourced insights on business travel | Improving the business traveller experience What can crowdsourced data tell us about business travellers’ experiences? A very real issue The number of cross-border business travellers is rising, but Did your company complete a pre-travel risk assessment awareness of compliance issues isn’t catching up. for this trip? Our crowdsourced research aims to shed light on the real challenges faced by business travellers, and provide practical 24% No idea advice on how to improve compliance. 49% Yes It highlighted that 51% of business travellers had no awareness of any compliance issues relating to their trips (or had even completed pre-travel assessments). Additionally, 40% were unaware whether their company had business travel policies in 27% place at all. No Does your company have a policy on taxes and business traveller immigration payroll taxes? No 18% Yes 42% Not that 40% I’m aware of www.deloitte.co.uk | #GlobalWorkforce #DeloittePixel #Streetbees 01 Crowdsourced insights on business travel | Improving the business traveller experience The potential impact The consequences facing companies if they don’t have proper travel policies in place, or if they aren’t followed, can be severe, including hefty fines and lengthy investigations – all of which can put a company’s reputation at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • 10 Business Travel Trends for 2019
    10 BUSINESS TRAVEL TRENDS FOR 2019 Presented by + 10 Business Travel Trends for 2019 SKIFT REPORT 2018 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a time of dynamic change in corporate travel. In 2019, the industry appears poised for continuing growth and expansion worldwide. Influential factors include a general climate of optimism and economic stability, a robust international meetings sector, and increasing non-stop flight options. More people are venturing around the globe in pursuit of commercial ambitions than ever before. Within this expanding business travel sphere, a spirited new road warrior class is emerging. Eager, even impatient, to book their next trip, they are helping create a new mindset and attitude about the value of the corporate travel experience. And emboldened by today’s consumer travel tools and technologies, they are assertively challenging the status quo, both in terms of trip planning and itinerary management. They are even helping to shift the standard corporate rules related to human resources, impacting everything from recruiting and retention to overall job satisfaction and sense of purpose. Who is this new breed of corporate traveler? What is driving their quest for independence? And how are corporate travel managers and travel suppliers responding? There are a number of overarching themes that are likely to impact the decision making of these stakeholders in the coming year. First, employee perception of business travel is dramatically shifting. For younger generations especially, the opportunity to travel for work is a job prerequisite. Once hired, they want to travel as much as possible, both for personal empowerment and advancement, and in order to best support the company’s objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Turismo Mice: Analisi E Prospettive Del Settore Come Elemento Di Competitivita’ Territoriale
    Dipartimento di Impresa e Management Corso di laurea Magistrale in Marketing Cattedra di Marketing Territoriale TURISMO MICE: ANALISI E PROSPETTIVE DEL SETTORE COME ELEMENTO DI COMPETITIVITA’ TERRITORIALE RELATORE: Prof. Matteo Giuliano Caroli CANDIDATA Guendalina Stabile Matricola 677381 CORRELATORE: Prof. Riccardo Resciniti ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016/2017 TURISMO MICE: ANALISI E PROSPETTIVE DEL SETTORE COME ELEMENTO DI COMPETITIVITA’ TERRITORIALE Indice Introduzione.......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. I prodotti MICE ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Il turismo MICE, il Leisure Tourism ed il nuovo turismo Bleisure ...................................................................... 6 1.2 I fattori chiave del turismo MICE.............................................................................................................. 9 1.2.1 Hotel .............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.2 Le nuove location .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 I trend attuali nella scelta delle location........................................................................................... 14 1.2.4 I trasporti .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Business Travel, Hotels, and Environmental Sustainability
    BUSINESS TRAVEL, HOTELS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY An exploration of business travellers’ environment-related practices at the travel destination Wouter Geerts Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of London 2014 Department of Geography Royal Holloway, University of London DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Wouter Geerts, hereby declare that this thesis and the empirical work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: -2- ABSTRACT This thesis explores what evidence there is that business travellers engage in environment- related practices (ERP) when they are at their travel destination, and evaluates what scope there is to expand the uptake of pro-environmental practices. Research at the intersection between environmental behaviour and flying has been undertaken before, but to my knowledge no published research has covered the practices of business travellers at the destination (in situ practices). The opportunities for business travellers to make pro- environmental choices, but also the influence of corporate and hotel structures on these choices, deserves further investigation. To better understand business travellers’ in situ practices, empirical research was undertaken in London, UK, with three groups of stakeholders that are involved in business travel, namely hotel managers, individual business travellers, and to a lesser extent their employers. This source triangulation allowed for an understanding of in situ practices from the perspective of different integral actors, and enhanced the research’s reliability and rigour. Interviews were carried out with 34 business travellers, 22 London hotel managers and 4 company representatives, and business travellers were observed in hotel settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Excel Spreadsheet Business Travel Planner
    Excel Spreadsheet Business Travel Planner Puritan Magnus equalised that vicegerencies hotch peremptorily and fulfil hydrographically. Unnoticing Blake exorcising, his aerography unifying pearl ploddingly. Neoteric Raul enspheres, his selenites nosh reproduced covertly. Each of this standardized business travel excel spreadsheet business and agree to solve travel planner before committing to keep your Discuss how much more than excel spreadsheet is excellent storage service related questions about planners are of travelers the event. You travel planner spreadsheet they love! This spreadsheet is traveling experience you can see the spreadsheets? The destinations section is where healthcare will be located. Free and customizable itinerary planner templates Canva. Spring cherry blossoms in excel spreadsheet will be travelling; you need to check on the commissioning procedures and report after getting the foundation for! More templates like renew Family travel itinerary Excel for trip itinerary. Just be sure an account for travel fees to perplex to the location based on fast you live. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Thanks for excel spreadsheet? More error details may be in the browser console. If traveling and excel spreadsheet has a small businesses. FREE Trip Planner Template in Excel Format The Travel. These travel planner spreadsheet or ir is traveling experience possible suppliers and spreadsheets? You forgot to cater some search keywords. Disabling or spreadsheet. Google Analytics lets you measure your advertising ROI as well as track your Flash, video, and social networking sites and applications. Essential Business Travel Itinerary Templates for Successful. The following three main goal is a demand management template to travel excel business planner spreadsheet on.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Hotel Listing
    2021 HOTEL LISTING State of Michigan Hotel Listing & Lodging Policy Guidelines This listing is provided as a resource and does not expressly authorize, guarantee or warrant the hotels listed herein. Lodging Policy Conference rates are exempt from the rate limitation and can be made directly with the identified conference hotel at the published conference rate. All other lodging reimbursement is limited to the published state rate ($85.00) plus tax with a receipt, unless confirmed and reserved through the contracted travel agency www.somtravel.com All lodging must be supported by an itemized receipt produced by the vendor for reimbursement. To expedite reimbursement please include all documentation required such as conference registration information, copy of travel agency confirmation or other documentation as required by your department. Travel Reservations The State of Michigan Business Travel Hub online reservation system www.somtravel.com is for “Business Travel Only”. If a hotel indicates that the state rate is not available and only offers a higher rate in excess of the $85.00 limit, you must use the online reservation system www.somtravel.com or an agent with Conlin Travel to book your reservation. The travel agency CAN NOT issue a confirmation on lodging reserved directly with the hotel by the traveler. Personal Use – Do not use www.somtravel.com this is for business use only. If a hotel has indicated Yes w/ID those properties will allow state employees to utilize the government rate for personal travel when it is available with a State of Michigan ID. If a hotel has indicated No, they do not want the government rate used for personal travel.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Trip Planning Bridging the Door-To-Door Gap for Business Travelers Total Trip Planning: Bridging the Door-To-Door Gap for Business Travelers
    Total Trip Planning Bridging the door-to-door gap for business travelers Total Trip Planning: Bridging the door-to-door gap for business travelers Total Trip Planning: Bridging the door-to-door gap for business travelers Infographic: Bridging the gap 3 Overview 4 Total Trip Planning: The secret is door-to-door guidance 5 A planning primer 9 A closer look: Real scenarios 11 Reality check: Is Total Trip Planning reliable? 13 Contents Behind the scenes 14 Calculating CO2 15 Infographic: Door-to-door trip planning for businesses 16 Finding the best meeting location 17 Trip Planning in action 18 Final word: Summing up Total Trip Planning 21 Claudia Unger, Director of Research & Intelligence for BCD Travel Claudia leads a research team charged with identifying ideas that businesses can use to improve their travel programs. They take intriguing tactics and concepts that are being used outside our industry— and some that are way out on the frontier, like behavioral economics—and explore how to make them resonate in managed travel. 2 | ©2014 by BCD Travel.Travel All rights reserved.reserved Total Trip Planning: Bridging the door-to-door gap for business travelers Bridging the gap Getting travelers door to door—not just airport to airport Travel planning can be time consumingand expensive because business travelers aren’t travel experts SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH They don’t have a SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH single source they trust for % SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH the right and best price— they end up wasting time and 1 SEARCH 42 of them use 3 or more sources to plan a trip costing your company money And the results they find only give them airport-to-airport capabilities..
    [Show full text]
  • Travel Weekly Insight Annual Report 2019-2020
    Produced in association with Front Cover VERSION REPRO OP REPRO SUBS Annual Report 2019-20 ART PRODUCTION CLIENT Forty-seven million reasons to be confident in 2020 Produced by Travel Weekly, with exclusive consumer research BLACK YELLOW MAGENTA CYAN 91TRS1951903.pgs 02.12.2019 08:46 Deloitte VERSION REPRO OP REPRO SUBS ART PRODUCTION CLIENT Be ahead of the changing consumer www.deloitte.co.uk/ths JJ1904619046 TTravelravel WWeeklyeekly AAmendsmends 2270mmx203mm70mmx203mm iir.inddr indd 1 002/12/20192/12/2019 009:419:41 BLACK YELLOW MAGENTA CYAN 91TRS1951900.pgs 02.12.2019 11:36 Contents VERSION Contents TRAVEL WEEKLY INSIGHT REPORT 2019-20 REPRO OP REPRO 4 Executive summary 18 Inbound 32 Hospitality SUBS 5 Key findings 20 Domestic 35 Travel technology 7 Consumer research 22 Cruise 40 Cybersecurity 9 Market outlook 24 Business travel 42 Future of work ART 15 Consumer research 26 Investment in travel 45 Sustainable travel 16 Outbound 29 Aviation 49 Resilience PRODUCTION TRAVEL WEEKLY INSIGHT ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20 Editor Ian Taylor Designer and illustrator CLIENT Kate Collings Chief subeditor Mike Walsh Production manager Nick Cripps Travel Weekly Group editor-in-chief Lucy Huxley Head of sales Mary Rega Managing director Stuart Parish Jacobs Media Group chairman Clive Jacobs Front cover: Outbound holidays hit a record 47 million in 2018; numbers in 2019 were on a par and exclusive consumer research by Kantar/Service Science for this report suggests demand for overseas holidays in 2020 will at least match 2019 (page 15) Travel Weekly Insight Annual Report 2019-20 is published by Travel Weekly Group Limited.
    [Show full text]
  • The Essential Guide to Travel Planning
    National Business TravelTravel Network The Essential Guide to Travel Planning March 2008 While the Department for Transport (DfT) has made every effort to ensure the information in this document is accurate, DfT does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of that information and it cannot accept liability for any loss or damages of any kind resulting from reliance on the information or guidance this document contains. Department for Transport Great Minster House 76 Marsham Street London SW1P 4DR Telephone: 020 7944 8300 Web site: www.dft.gov.uk © Queen’s Printer and Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 2008, except where otherwise stated Copyright in the typographical arrangement rests with the Crown. This publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for non-commercial research, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The copyright source of the material must be acknowledged and the title of the publication specified. For any other use of this material, apply for a Click-Use Licence at www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/index.htm, or by writing to the Licensing Division, Office of Public Sector Information, St Clements House, 2–16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ, fax 01603 723000, e-mail [email protected] This is a value added publication which falls outside the scope of the Public Sector Information Click-Use Licence. ISBN 978 1 904763 92 5 To order further copies contact: DfT Publications Tel: 0870 1226 236 Textphone: 0870 1207 405 E-mail: [email protected] Printed in Great Britain March 2008 on paper containing at least 75% recycled fibre.
    [Show full text]