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Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Protected Areas in West Africa Summary of the main outputs of the PARCC project, Protected Areas Resilient to Climate Change in West Africa A GEF-funded project officially known as ‘Evolution of PA systems with regard to climate change in the West Africa region’ Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Protected Areas in West Africa Summary of the main outputs of the PARCC project, Protected Areas Resilient to Climate Change in West Africa © 2016 United Nations Environment Programme ISBN: 978-92-807-3515-4 DEW/1935/CA The United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with practical policy advice. Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Protected Areas in West Africa has been compiled and edited by Elise Belle, on the basis of the main outputs of the project, with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) via UNEP. Copyright: 2016. United Nations Environment Programme. Reproduction: This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement to the source is made. Reuse of any figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose without permission in writing from UNEP. Applications for permission, with a statement of purpose and extent of reproduction, should be sent to the Director, DCPI, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya. Disclaimer: The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or the designation of its name, frontiers or boundaries. The mention of a commercial entity or product in this publication does not imply endorsement by UNEP. Citation: Belle E.M.S., Burgess N.D., Misrachi M., Arnell A., Masumbuko B., Somda J., Hartley A., Jones R., Janes T., McSweeney C., Mathison C., Buontempo C., Butchart S., Willis S.G., Baker D.J., Carr J., Hughes A., Foden W., Smith R.J., Smith J., Stolton S., Dudley N., Hockings M., Mulongoy J., and Kingston N. 2016. Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Protected Areas in West Africa, Summary of the main outputs of the PARCC project, Protected Areas Resilient to Climate Change in West Africa. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available From: UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK Tel: +44 1223 277314; Fax: +44 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.unep-wcmc.org Cover pictures: Elephants in Nazinga game reserve, Burkina Faso (front); Kakum national park, Ghana (back). Copyright: Elise Belle UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK UNEP promotes Tel: +44 1223 277314 environmentally sound www.unep-wcmc.org practices globally and in its own activities. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. Contents Executive Summary ...............................................................v Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Project objectives and structure .....................................................2 A project in partnership............................................................2 Climate projections for the West Africa region .........................................3 Future species distribution in the face of climate change.................................11 Species vulnerability according to their biological traits .................................13 Integration of species distribution and vulnerability assessments......................... 17 Assessment of the connectivity of the West African PA network..........................20 Identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation .............................23 Links between PAs, communities, and climate change..................................29 PA management, financing and monitoring within the framework of climate change ........ 31 Transboundary pilot site activities in order to enhance PA resilience . 33 Regional and national capacity building .............................................40 Adaptation strategies and policy recommendations ....................................44 Guidelines for PA managers in the face of climate change ...............................48 Integration of the project results into Protected Planet . 51 List of technical reports ...........................................................52 i Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the representatives of government agencies that took part in the PARCC project, either as Project Steering Committee members or National Liaison Officers, namely Mr Kotchikpa Okoumassou and Mr Pyoabalo Alaba for Togo; Mrs Haidara Souhayata, Mr Zan Moussa Samaké, Mr Alamir Sinna Touré, Mr Sékou Koné and Mr Issa Fahiri Koné for Mali; Mr Brahim Hissein Dagga, Mr Gaourang Mamadi N’Garkelo, and Mr Hakim Djibril for Chad; Mr Famara Drammeh, Mr Momodou Suwareh, Mr Momodou Sarr, and Mrs Ndey Bakurin for The Gambia; and Mrs Kate Garnett and Mr Kolleh Bangura for Sierra Leone. We are grateful to all the project partners, especially our main regional partner, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Central and West Africa Programme (IUCN PACO), and all our technical collaborators, including the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, BirdLife International and Africa, Durham University, IUCN Global Species Programme, and the Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) from the University of Kent, for their essential scientific contributions to the project. This project was funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through UNEP. We would like to thank all the UNEP DEPI/GEF staff, including the Task Managers Esther Mwangi and Ersin Esen, Funds Management Officer Shakira Khawaja, as well as Anthony Kamau and George Saddimbah. We also thank Mohammed Sessay, Neville Ash and Mette Løyche Wilkie from UNEP DEPI, as well as Jon Hutton, Tim Johnson, Pamela Abbot, Sharon Hall, Judith Haste, Alex Gee, Safiye Bilgin-Foxall, Erin Dillon and John Blenkharn from UNEP-WCMC. We are also grateful to all the reviewers of the project outputs, including Famara Drammeh, Tommy Garnett, Gabriel Segniagbeto, Wilfran Moufouma Okia, Edward Perry, Stephen Woodley, Piero Visconti, Rebecca Mant, Cordula Epple, Fiona Danks, Robert Munroe, Jerry Harrison, as well as all members of UNEP-WCMC’s Protected Areas Programme, who supported the project in various ways, including Sylvia Wicander, Murielle Misrachi, Heather Bingham, Marine Deguignet, and Edward Lewis. Finally, we would like to thank Charles Besancon and Jonathan Smith who developed and set up the project, and all the participants to the national and regional workshops of the project. ii Roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus, in the National Park of Bouba Ndjidda, Cameroon. ©Bertrand Geismar Foreword Protected areas have long been used as a key strategy to conserve species and ecosystems. However, they are under increasing threat from climate change, which is now exacerbating other anthropogenic pressures. The Protected Areas Resilient to Climate Change (PARCC) project, funded by the GEF and implemented by UNEP, sought to address this issue by developing science-based tools to assess the vulnerability of protected areas, and by formulating strategies and recommendations to improve the management of protected areas in the face of climate change. The geographic area of the project was West Africa, with more detailed work implemented in The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Togo and Chad. This publication summarizes the main outputs of the PARCC project, from regional climate projections to pilot activities at transboundary protected areas, and includes among many other outputs, species vulnerability assessments, species distribution models, protected area connectivity analyses, regional and national conservation planning systems, as well as capacity development activities and policy recommendations. All the innovative science-based methodologies that were developed for the West Africa region can be applied in other regions. These tools include the integration of species distribution models with species vulnerability assessments based on biological traits to identify the protected areas most vulnerable to climate change, in addition to connectivity analysis of the existing protected area network that allowed the identification of the most important protected areas to maintain connectivity in the region. Furthermore, the systematic conservation planning systems that were developed lead to the identification of priority areas for conservation and the locations where new protected areas should be located, based not only on current biological data, but also taking into account the expected future distribution of species under climate change. Finally, the capacity development activities, carried out at multiple institutional levels through national and regional
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