Bigfin Reef Squid Demonstrate Capacity for Conditional Discrimination and Projected Future Carbon Dioxide Levels Have No Effect
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Fisheries Centre
Fisheries Centre The University of British Columbia Working Paper Series Working Paper #2015 - 80 Reconstruction of Syria’s fisheries catches from 1950-2010: Signs of overexploitation Aylin Ulman, Adib Saad, Kyrstn Zylich, Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller Year: 2015 Email: [email protected] This working paper is made available by the Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. Reconstruction of Syria’s fisheries catches from 1950-2010: Signs of overexploitation Aylin Ulmana, Adib Saadb, Kyrstn Zylicha, Daniel Paulya, Dirk Zellera a Sea Around Us, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada b President of Syrian National Committee for Oceanography, Tishreen University, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. BOX; 1408, Lattakia, Syria [email protected] (corresponding author); [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT Syria’s total marine fisheries catches were estimated for the 1950-2010 time period using a reconstruction approach which accounted for all fisheries removals, including unreported commercial landings, discards, and recreational and subsistence catches. All unreported estimates were added to the official data, as reported by the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Total reconstructed catch for 1950-2010 was around 170,000 t, which is 78% more than the amount reported by Syria to the FAO as their national catch. The unreported components added over 74,000 t of unreported catches, of which 38,600 t were artisanal landings, 16,000 t industrial landings, over 4,000 t recreational catches, 3,000 t subsistence catches and around 12,000 t were discards. -
By Species Items
1 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc Capture production by species items Mediterranean and Black Sea C-37 Poissons, crustacés, mollusques, etc Captures par catégories d'espèces Méditerranée et mer Noire (a) Peces, crustáceos, moluscos, etc Capturas por categorías de especies Mediterráneo y Mar Negro English name Scientific name Species group Nom anglais Nom scientifique Groupe d'espèces 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Nombre inglés Nombre científico Grupo de especies t t t t t t t Freshwater bream Abramis brama 11 495 335 336 108 47 7 10 Common carp Cyprinus carpio 11 3 1 - 2 3 4 4 Roach Rutilus rutilus 11 1 1 2 7 11 12 5 Roaches nei Rutilus spp 11 13 78 73 114 72 83 47 Sichel Pelecus cultratus 11 105 228 276 185 147 52 39 Cyprinids nei Cyprinidae 11 - - 167 159 95 141 226 European perch Perca fluviatilis 13 - - - 1 1 - - Percarina Percarina demidoffi 13 - - - - 18 15 202 Pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca 13 3 031 2 568 2 956 3 504 3 293 2 097 1 043 Freshwater fishes nei Osteichthyes 13 - - - 17 - 249 - Danube sturgeon(=Osetr) Acipenser gueldenstaedtii 21 114 36 20 8 10 3 3 Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus 21 - - 0 - - - - Starry sturgeon Acipenser stellatus 21 13 11 5 3 5 1 1 Beluga Huso huso 21 12 10 1 0 4 1 3 Sturgeons nei Acipenseridae 21 290 185 59 22 23 14 8 European eel Anguilla anguilla 22 917 682 464 602 642 648 522 Salmonoids nei Salmonoidei 23 26 - - 0 - - 7 Pontic shad Alosa pontica 24 153 48 15 21 112 68 115 Shads nei Alosa spp 24 2 742 2 640 2 095 2 929 3 984 2 831 3 645 Azov sea sprat Clupeonella cultriventris 24 3 496 10 862 12 006 27 777 27 239 17 743 14 538 Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus 25 - - - 8 4 6 1 European plaice Pleuronectes platessa 31 - 0 6 7 7 5 5 European flounder Platichthys flesus 31 69 62 56 29 29 11 43 Common sole Solea solea 31 5 047 4 179 5 169 4 972 5 548 6 273 5 619 Wedge sole Dicologlossa cuneata 31 .. -
Automation of Discrimination Training for Cuttlefish (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
Keystone Journal of Undergraduate Research 2(1): 15-21. 2014 Automation of Discrimination Training for Cuttlefish (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) Alexander Ryan Hough Faculty Mentor: 1Dr. Jean Geary Boal Department of Biology Millersville University ABSTRACT Cephalopods are common subjects of learning experiments, yet discrimination stimuli are commonly presented by hand, which is both laborious and rife with opportunity for cuing. The following experiment tested the possibility that cuttlefish training could be automated using stimuli presented via computer monitor and food rewards presented in a food hopper. A single adult female common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) was trained first to attack a black rectangle (S+) for a live crab prey item and ignore a white right-angle (S-). Stimuli were then presented behind a clear Plexiglas partition and the cuttlefish was rewarded for attacking the Plexiglas in front of the S+. A food hopper was introduced to improve the delivery of the food reward. Finally, stimuli were presented on a computer monitor (CRT) located outside the tank and the cuttlefish was rewarded for attacking the Plexiglas in front of the S+ image. The cuttlefish was successful in learning the discrimination and in transferring learning from the physical objects to the computer images. Results indicate that automation of training using computer presentations of stimuli and automated food rewards is possible for cuttlefish. Keywords: behavior; comparative cognition; flicker fusion; vision The Coleoid cephalopods (octopuses, focused on spatial learning using mazes (e.g. cuttlefishes, and squids) possess the most Cartron et al. 2012). The objective of this advanced nervous system within the phylum study was to assess the feasibility of using Mollusca and the largest brain of any computer-run stimulus presentation and invertebrate (Hanlon and Messenger 1996; automated rewards to study discrimination Hickman et al. -
Pharaoh Cuttlefish, Sepia Pharaonis, Genome Reveals Unique Reflectin
fmars-08-639670 February 9, 2021 Time: 18:18 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.639670 Pharaoh Cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis, Genome Reveals Unique Reflectin Camouflage Gene Set Weiwei Song1,2, Ronghua Li1,2,3, Yun Zhao1,2, Herve Migaud1,2,3, Chunlin Wang1,2* and Michaël Bekaert3* 1 Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China, 2 Collaborative Innovation Centre for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China, 3 Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom Sepia pharaonis, the pharaoh cuttlefish, is a commercially valuable cuttlefish species across the southeast coast of China and an important marine resource for the world fisheries. Research efforts to develop linkage mapping, or marker-assisted selection have been hampered by the absence of a high-quality reference genome. To address this need, we produced a hybrid reference genome of S. pharaonis using a long-read Edited by: platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies PromethION) to assemble the genome and Andrew Stanley Mount, short-read, high quality technology (Illumina HiSeq X Ten) to correct for sequencing Clemson University, United States errors. The genome was assembled into 5,642 scaffolds with a total length of 4.79 Gb Reviewed by: and a scaffold N of 1.93 Mb. Annotation of the S. pharaonis genome assembly Simo Njabulo Maduna, 50 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy identified a total of 51,541 genes, including 12 copies of the reflectin gene, that enable Research (NIBIO), Norway cuttlefish to control their body coloration. -
Mercury Levels of Seafood Commonly Consumed in Taiwan
373 Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2006, Pages 373-378 藥物食品分析 第十四卷 第四期 Mercury Levels of Seafood Commonly Consumed in Taiwan Y. C. CHEN1,2 AND M. H. CHEN2* 1. Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Jen-Te Hsiang, Tainan 717, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2. Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C. (Received: February 14, 2006; Accepted: June 26, 2006) ABSTRACT In this study, the mercury level in 25 commonly consumed seafood species was identified and used to evaluate the mercury intake for Taiwan population. Total mercury concentrations were determined by using furnace-gold amalgation mercury analyzer. The results indicated that mercury concentrations of the 25 seafood species ranged from 0.002 to 0.198 mg/kg wet wt. and varied significantly across species (p < 0.05). All mercury concentrations of the 25 seafood species were below the safety standards, 0.5 mg/kg, set by TWDOH, EC and FAO/WHO. Mercury intake from seafood consumption for female and male adults in Taiwan was estimated to be 21 and 30 μg/week, respectively, which was well below the PTWI. Among the seafood items tested, fish was the major source of total mercury intake for Taiwan population (74-83%). The marine fish contributed the most, followed by shellfish and freshwater fish. The highest mercury level was found in tuna. The mercury intake could be within the PTWI if general popu- lation weighted 65 kg consumed daily 90 g of seafood with mercury concentration as 0.17 mg/kg. -
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-Sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair Professor David R. Lindberg Professor George K. Roderick Dr. Bruce H. Robison Fall, 2009 Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy © 2009 by Stephanie Lynn Bush ABSTRACT Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair The deep sea is the largest habitat on Earth and holds the majority of its’ animal biomass. Due to the limitations of observing, capturing and studying these diverse and numerous organisms, little is known about them. The majority of deep-sea species are known only from net-caught specimens, therefore behavioral ecology and functional morphology were assumed. The advent of human operated vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have allowed scientists to make one-of-a-kind observations and test hypotheses about deep-sea organismal biology. Cephalopods are large, soft-bodied molluscs whose defenses center on crypsis. Individuals can rapidly change coloration (for background matching, mimicry, and disruptive coloration), skin texture, body postures, locomotion, and release ink to avoid recognition as prey or escape when camouflage fails. Squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes rely on these visual defenses in shallow-water environments, but deep-sea cephalopods were thought to perform only a limited number of these behaviors because of their extremely low light surroundings. -
The Biology and Ecology of the Common Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis)
Supporting Sustainable Sepia Stocks Report 1: The biology and ecology of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Daniel Davies Kathryn Nelson Sussex IFCA 2018 Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Biology ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Physical description ............................................................................................................................ 3 Locomotion and respiration ................................................................................................................ 4 Vision ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chromatophores ................................................................................................................................. 5 Colour patterns ................................................................................................................................... 5 Ink sac and funnel organ -
Spatial Learning in the Cuttlefish Sepia Officinalis
© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2016) 219, 2928-2933 doi:10.1242/jeb.129080 RESEARCH ARTICLE Spatial learning in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis: preference for vertical over horizontal information Gabriella Scata1,̀*, Christelle Jozet-Alves2,Céline Thomasse2, Noam Josef1,3 and Nadav Shashar1 ABSTRACT fish. In a previous study, fish were trained to reach a goal at the end of The world is three-dimensional; hence, even surface-bound animals one of the arms of a three-dimensional Y-maze (Holbrook and Burt need to learn vertical spatial information. Separate encoding of de Perera, 2009). The maze arms were placed at a 45 deg angle to the vertical and horizontal spatial information seems to be the common vertical so that the goal to be learned had both a vertical and a strategy regardless of the locomotory style of animals. However, a horizontal coordinate. When the maze was rotated along its axis to difference seems to exist in the way freely moving species, such as position its arms either vertically or horizontally for the test trials, the fish, learn and integrate spatial information as opposed to surface- fish selected the arm associated with the correct vertical or horizontal bound species, which prioritize the horizontal dimension and encode component of the previously learned location (Davis et al., 2014; it with a higher resolution. Thus, the locomotory style of an animal may Holbrook and Burt de Perera, 2009, 2011). Rats trained to reach a goal shape how spatial information is learned and prioritized. An in a cubic lattice maze learned the vertical coordinate first (Grobéty alternative hypothesis relates the preference for vertical information and Schenk, 1992), and when both components were acquired, they to the ability to sense hydrostatic pressure, a prominent cue unique to went first to the horizontal coordinate and then climbed up to the this dimension. -
Cuttlefish, <I>Sepia</I>
Marine Science 2015, 5(1): 6-10 DOI: 10.5923/j.ms.20150501.02 Size at First Maturity of Cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, from North Sulawesi Waters, Indonesia Silvester B. Pratasik1,2,*, Marsoedi3, D. Arfiati3, D. Setyohadi3 1Postgraduate student of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java 2Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi Manado, North Sulawesi 3Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University Malang, East Java Abstract Biological overfishing could occur from either excessive and immature individual exploitation or habitat destruction. This study was aimed to estimate size at first maturity of cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, collected from North Sulawesi waters. All samples were measured and observed their maturity level. Based on these data, the dorsal mantle length (DML) at first maturity was assessed for minimum legal size determination. Results showed that the cuttlefish samples had maturity level range from immature to post-spawning conditions, while the size at first maturity was estimated as 16 cm DML. Maximum DML was estimated as 55.53 cm and growth coefficient as 0.248. The deviation of mean DML from maximum dorsal length was also considered to see the population condition. Keywords Cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, Size at first maturity than that maximizing the economic rent (economic 1. Introduction overfishing) [8]. Size at first maturity (lm) or 50% of mature individuals has been taken as reference point of minimum Cuttlefish are one of the high economic value exported legal size to prevent stock depletion. It has been used by fisheries resources, and therefore, they are highly exploited many fisheries managers as management measure of fish in the world. -
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES in the Film,Cephalopods: Aliens of the Deep, You See the Tiny Flamboyant Cuttlefish Walking Along the PART 1 Seafloor
GRADES 3-5 REPRODUCIBLE MASTER SURVIVAL STRATEGIES In the film,Cephalopods: Aliens of the Deep, you see the tiny Flamboyant Cuttlefish walking along the PART 1 seafloor. You see the Bigfin Reef Squid showing off its ability to change colors several times a second. You even see the Mimic Octopus digging into the sand while copying the skin patterning of a sea snake. These are cephalopods. Their name comes from the Greek word “ceph,” meaning head, and “pod,” meaning foot. Their heads are attached to their tentacles, which they sometimes use like feet but mostly use as arms to capture their prey. ©Marta Sostres, Saint Thomas Productions ©Marta Sostres, Saint Thomas Productions ©Marta Sostres, nWave ©Saint Thomas Productions, Coconut Octopus Flamboyant Cuttlefish Bigfin Reef Squid ©Marta Sostres, Saint Thomas Productions ©Marta Sostres, ©Bertrand Loyer, Saint Thomas Productions ©Bertrand Loyer, nWave ©Saint Thomas Productions, Mimic Octopus Australian Giant Cuttlefish Black-eyed Squid Test yourself on what you learned about the cephalopods shown here by marking these statements with a T or an F for True or False. _____ 1. The Mimic Octopus gets its name from its ability to make _____ 6. The Flamboyant Cuttlefish walks on the seabed and has sounds like other sea creatures. few predators. _____ 2. Cephalopods have millions of skin cells called _____ 7. The Australian Giant Cuttlefish is the largest cuttlefish in chromatophores that allow them to change the color and the world, growing up to half a meter long and texture of their skin to protect themselves from predators. weighing more than 10 kilograms. -
Common Cuttlefish (Sepia Officinalis) Mortality at the National Zoological Park: Implications for Clinical Management
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 31(4): 523±531, 2000 Copyright 2000 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians COMMON CUTTLEFISH (SEPIA OFFICINALIS) MORTALITY AT THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL MANAGEMENT Johanna Sherrill, D.V.M., M.S., Lucy H. Spelman, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.Z.M., Carrie L. Reidel, B.S., and Richard J. Montali, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.V.P., Dipl. A.C.Z.M. Abstract: Six out of seven cuttle®sh acquired by the Smithsonian National Zoological Park in July 1998 died before 1 November 1998. Postmortem examinations showed mantle ulcers, secondary bacterial infections, inanition, and cuttlebone fractures. The surviving cuttle®sh developed a progressive focal mantle ulcer, was treated with oral chlor- amphenicol intermittently for 9 wk, and maintained a normal appetite and growth rate until death at 7 mo of age. The National Zoological Park pathology database showed signalments, histories, and causes of mortality of 186 common cuttle®sh, each 1±14 mo old, that received gross and histologic examinations; for example, the largest group of cuttle®sh of known sex, age, and body weight at postmortem were 7±9 mo old and weighed an average of 376.2 g (males, n 5 18) and 299.0 g (females, n 5 15). Many cuttle®sh had multiple pathologic diagnoses. Signi®cant diseases included in¯ammation and secondary bacterial infections, especially gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, and ophthalmic, and septicemia due to Vibrio spp. or other gram-negative bacteria. Mantle lesions, including ulceration/ dermatitis, abscess/granuloma, necrosis/®brosis/cellulitis, and laceration/abrasion/erosion, were also identi®ed, along with inanition, cuttlebone lesions, and trauma. -
Sepia Officinalis
Evidence-based practice Behavioural indicators of welfare exhibited by the common European cuttlefishSepia ( officinalis) Gavan M. Cooke* and Belinda M. Tonkins Falmouth Marine School, Cornwall College, Killigrew Street, Falmouth, Cornwall, TR11 3QS *Correspondence: [email protected] JZAR Evidence-based practice Evidence-based JZAR Keywords: Abstract behaviour, cephalopods, enrichment, The common European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is frequently found in public aquaria in Europe. signals These remarkable creatures make fantastic display animals due to their rapid colour/texture/behaviour changes associated with feeding or camouflage. They possess extremely fragile bodies and soft tissues, Article history: adaptations thought to have evolved to evade predators, and in captivity cuttlefish can damage easily Received: 22 May 2015 when startled or fleeing perceived threats and these injuries rarely heal, can cause permanent damage Accepted: 16 October 2015 and even death. Knowing the signals which typically occur before damaging behaviours can reduce Published online: 30 October 2015 such incidents and therefore dramatically improve their welfare. Another aspect of captive animal welfare is providing suitable enrichment. Cuttlefish are adept at revealing how they feel about their present circumstances through deimatic displays, threat signals and defensive behaviours. Here, based on approximately two thousand hours of observations a very detailed welfare-focused behaviour table, a table summarising tank requirements/enrichment in cephalopods and an example care sheet derived from the observations are presented. This paper provides the resources to determine and prevent behaviours likely to precede damaging behaviours. Collating behaviours and sharing them with aquarists can be a valuable tool in preventing injuries and assessing wellbeing in captive animals.