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Filatova N.P. PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS of FORMING OF SWorld – 18-27 December 2012 http://www.sworld.com.ua/index.php/ru/conference/the-content-of-conferences/archives-of-individual-conferences/december-2012 MO DERN PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF THEIR SO LUTIO N IN SCIENCE, TRANSPORT, PRODUCTION AND EDUCATION‘ 2012 Filatova N.P. PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING OF INDIVIDUAL’S POLYCULTURAL COMPETENCE North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia (677000, Yakutsk, 2 Lenin Avenue Abstract. The article is devoted to the formation of pupils’ polycultural competence. We consider the most effective phases, structure, pedagogical conditions of polycultural competence formation based on pedagogical projection. Key words: polycultural education, polycultural competence, pedagogical projection, project and research work, integration, interaction. The idea of polyculturalism began to develop in the beginning of XX century. Since then it has become a fundamental trend of modern cultural and civilizational development. L. Gurlitt, F. Gansberg, G. Sharrelman included in the concept of polyculturalism ethnic and world culture, promoting the development of human consciousness and predicating the idea of a common world. They connected polyculturalism with the freedom of the spiritual development of individuals and peoples: a person may not consciously and deeply possess culture, if he imposed foreign ideas and views, if the development of his natural strength and abilities are not provided. L. Gurlitt argued that foreign influence can never be harmful, if it is imposed not forcibly or from the outside, if it does not suppress or obscured individual characteristics and distinctive spiritual life of the given people [6, 41]. Thus, the basic idea of polyculturalism is reflecting the coexistence of different cultures in the society. A comprehensive analysis of the driving forces of the historical development of social systems is given by L.N. Gumilev, A.Ya. Gurevich, A. J. Toynbee etc. Civilizations are born, live and die on their own, unknown laws. But one of the most significant factors of vitality as the human community on the whole, and existing local communities, are real and very specific human actions that define the behavior of large and small human communities, societies, individuals. Complex, diverse and dynamic sector of the active life of the people determines the progress or regression of society, the whole human civilization in the space-time perspective. This is where the spiritual heritage of replacing each other generations, their invaluable life experience, which is the basis of uninterrupted connection of times in the history of human civilizations are accumulated. National, ethnic, religious, class, professional, age and other differences between communities within the society, their local values and priorities have a significant impact on the integral values of the society as a whole. As for the values and ideals of the Russian society, they reflect, must reflect civil qualities of all people, their belonging to the common state, common culture, common cultural and educational space of Russia. B.S. Gershunsky predicts the following "basic directions of research and practice-oriented actions to facilitate interaction and spiritual integration of societies" [5]: • The gradual transition from a deeper understanding of all the major religions of the world, tolerance and pluralism of the existence of different, isolated from each other and often opposing religions to find a common, unifying the basics of these religions, their convergence and integration while preservation of freedom in the development of each religion separately. We are talking not about an artificial or forcible unification of religions, their suppression or discredit, but about the possible dialogue between religions, their mutual enrichment and reconcilement. • The implementation of the idea of dialogue among cultures with a focus on increasing specification of interacting components of culture and their integration in the whole cultural space of world civilization. • Gradual alignment and harmonization of political doctrines, which integration is designed to confirm the immutable principle of political strategy - the peaceful coexistence of states, nations and peoples - and to reject any force methods in decision of international and national conflicts. • Development of human contact at all levels focusing on active forms of mutually beneficial cooperation in economy, science, culture, politics, education, etc. • Finding ways to combine and gradual integration of the various philosophical doctrines and strategies for the development of civilization, the creation of the world "bank of ideas" for collaboration and integration of societies. • The consistent integration of law of the society functioning, on this basis to develop effective means of forestalling and preventing global crimes against people and humanity (war, the implementation of policies of genocide, international terrorism, inciting ethnic hatred, etc.). • Further development of the planetary system of information - a unique and most effective form of communicative interaction between people, human communities and societies. • The development and improvement of universal forms of human communication based on the invariant for all peoples of the world popular and attractive types of leisure activities. • As the most important and very real step on the path of spiritual interaction and integration of societies could be a purposeful work to create a common world educational space, the integration of the national educational systems on the basis of possibly full compatibility, international consensus on the recognition of universal ideals and values of education at all levels of training, education and development. The educational, humanitarian, moral aspects of education, the integration of philosophical, educational, axiological ideas have a special meaning. All the areas we outlined, conducive to spiritual convergence and integration of societies, directly or indirectly are related to the condition and prospects of development of the educational sector, which has a decisive influence on people's awareness of the need for their missionary function and activity for the future of human civilization. In this regard, following A.Y. Belogurov, we believe, that in diversity and multidimensionality of social phenomena polyculturalism is an important prerequisite for sustainable social development, ensuring integration of every person in the world cultural and educational space [1, 109]. In these circumstances, there is a social need in the formation of a polycultural identity that combines the focus on ethnic and cultural spiritual values, tolerance and the capacity for intercultural dialogue. We consider polycultural competence as a complex integrative quality of a future school-leaver, reflecting his/her knowledge in the content, tools and modes of interaction with the world of culture, which is realized in his/her ability to navigate freely in a polycultural world, to understand its value and meaning, embodying them in decent samples of civilized behavior in the process of positive interaction with people of different cultures (nations, races, beliefs, social groups). We consider that the most effective phases of a polycultural competence of students are: - Propaedeutic: saturation of the polycultural component of general education and core subjects in order to create demand for polycultural learning, and positive motivation for polycultural interaction through mainstreaming of social and cultural functions of language and increase of cultural knowledge, providing an idea of the different peoples and their cultures; - Developing: activation of the formation of an integrated polycultural picture in the minds of students, dive into the elements of native culture, access to the multicultural environment and global cultural space through active forms of intercultural learning such as discussions, debates, role-playing and simulation, interactive cross-cultural training; - Project-Research: the development of expertise in polycultural interaction progress in research, exploration projects at various levels. In the formation of a polycultural competence it is important to follow age- appropriate form of ethnic identity: - National education, understood as the formation of ethnic identity: inculcation of love and respect for his/her people, proud of his/her cultural and historical achievements, display of activity and independence in the understanding and awareness of the specificity of their culture (the direction "I am a representative of my nation"); - Knowledge of the features of polycultural Russia, familiarizing students with the ethnic environment, the formation of attitudes towards representatives of neighboring nations, being proactive in understanding and appreciation of cultural knowledge, developing the ability to exercise situational flexibility and find ways to cross-cultural interaction (the direction "I am Russian"); - Impart knowledge about ethnic identity of distant peoples and the formation of emotional and positive attitude to the ethnic diversity of the planet, the general cultural knowledge of specific cultural values and awareness of the laws of development of world cultures, their identity (the direction "I am a world citizen"). The structure of the polycultural competence of students includes: - Cognitive component - the formation of the system of polycultural knowledge, acting as an orienting basis of the identity in a multicultural society;
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