CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
Prepared By Sanand Nagar Palika with Technical Support from CEPT, Ahmedabad
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1. Approach and CDP development process ...... 1 1.2. City Development Plan for Sanand (2010-2015) ...... 6 2. City Profile and Current Development Perspectives ...... 8 2.1. City Profile ...... 8 2.2. Demographic profile ...... 10 2.3. Economy ...... 15 3. Land use and Growth Dynamics ...... 34 3.1. Background ...... 34 3.2. Spatial Extents of Sanand city ...... 34 3.3. Land use Developments in 1997 ...... 35 3.4. Land use Plan Proposed in the Development Plan 2011 ...... 35 3.5. Current Land Use Developments (Till 2009) in Sanand ...... 37 3.6. Recent Developments in the Region and Its Impacts ...... 38 3.7. Impact on Land Prices ...... 39 3.8. Population Growth and Projection ...... 39 3.9. Issues ...... 40 3.10. Strategies ...... 41 4. Environmental Services ...... 43 4.1. Water Supply ...... 43 4.2. Sewerage ...... 47 4.3. Storm Water Drainage ...... 48 4.4. Solid Waste ...... 49 5. Traffic and Transportation ...... 53 5.1. Introduction ...... 53 5.2. Road Network ...... 53 5.3. Rail ...... 54 5.4. Traffic ...... 54 5.5. Public Transport ...... 56 5.6. Accident ...... 56
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5.7. Current and proposed Projects ...... 56 5.8. Major Issues ...... 57 5.9. Strategy ...... 57 6. Urban Poor and Housing ...... 59 6.1. Urban Poor in Sanand City ...... 59 6.2. Housing ...... 60 7. Social Infrastructure ...... 63 7.4. Educational Facilities ...... 63 7.5. Health Facilities ...... 65 7.6. Other Amenities ...... 68 7.7. Recreational Spaces ...... 69 7.8. Status of crime: ...... 70 7.9. Major Issues: ...... 71 7.10. Strategies: ...... 71 8. Environment Profile ...... 73 8.1. Surface Water ...... 73 8.2. Ground Water ...... 74 8.3. Air Quality ...... 75 8.4. Noise Pollution: ...... 75 8.5. Issues ...... 75 8.6. Strategies ...... 76 9. Disaster Management ...... 77 9.1. Vulnerability ...... 78 9.2. Manmade Disasters ...... 78 9.3. Preparedness ...... 78 9.4. Issues ...... 80 9.5. Strategy ...... 80 10. Municipal Finance ...... 81 10.1. Assessment of revenue Account ...... 81 10.2. Assessment of Capital Account ...... 84 10.3. Issues and Recommendations ...... 85 11. Urban Governance ...... 88
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11.1. Constitution and Functioning of the Municipality ...... 88 11.2. Role of State Government Agencies ...... 90 11.3. Reforms ...... 91 11.1. Manpower requirement at the ULB ...... 93 12. Development Perspective and Vision for the City ...... 95 12.1. Stakeholder Consultation ...... 95 12.2. SWOT Analysis ...... 97 12.3. Vision for the city ...... 98 13. CIP for Sanand Nagar Palika ...... 100 13.1. Institutionalizing the CIP Process ...... 100 13.2. CIP for Sanand Nagar Palika ...... 101 14. Financial Operating Plan ...... 105
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List of Figures
Figure 1‐1 Evolution of Satellite Town ...... 3 Figure 1‐2 City Development Plan Preparation Process ...... 6 Figure 1‐3 City Development Plan Process ...... 7 Figure 2‐1 Location of Sanand Nagar Palika in the Region ...... 8 Figure 2‐2 Literacy Rate Sanand ...... 12 Figure 2‐3 Work Participation in Sanand ...... 15 Figure 2‐4 Work profile of the population in Sanand Town ...... 15 Figure 2‐5 Land use pattern of Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04 ...... 16 Figure 2‐6 Area under cultivation for Food and Non Food crop in Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04 ...... 17 Figure 2‐7 Crop wise area cultivated in Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04 ...... 17 Figure 2‐8 Work Participation and work profile of Population of Ahmedabad City ...... 25 Figure 4‐1 Waste Water generated ...... 47 Figure 4‐2 Composition of Waste ...... 49 Figure 5‐1 Traffic counts ...... 55 Figure 5‐2 Number of Registered Accidents in Sanand City ...... 56 Figure 6‐1 Housing provided by GHB ...... 62 Figure 6‐2 Single person Accommodation, provided by a Rice Mill in its campus ...... 62 Figure 7‐1 Reported cases of Diarrhea and Malaria in Sanand Taluka ...... 68 Figure 7‐2 Total Number of cases registered as IPC in Sanand ...... 70 Figure 8‐1 Encroachment along Bhadreti lake ...... 73 Figure 8‐2 Status of lakes ...... 73 Figure 8‐3 Groundwater Quality ...... 75 Figure 9‐1 Earthquake and Wind hazard map ...... 77 Figure 13‐1 Principles of Phasing ...... 100
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List of Tables
Table 2‐1 Development of Sanand ...... 10 Table 2‐2 Administrative divisions in Sanand Nagarpalika ...... 11 Table 2‐3 Population Growth in Sanand Nagarpalika (1951‐2001) ...... 11 Table 2‐4 Sex ratio in Sanand Town ...... 12 Table 2‐5 Scheduled Caste / Schedules Tribe Population of Sanand Town ...... 13 Table 2‐6 Comparison of Ahmedabad and Sanand (2001) ...... 13 Table 2‐7 Migration in Sanand 1991 to 2001...... 14 Table 2‐8 Net Migration in Sanand ...... 14 Table 2‐9 Registered factories and Investment in Sanand Taluka (status as on 2007‐08) ...... 19 Table 2‐10 Projects Commissioned in Sanand Taluka during last four years (IEM Part ‐2) ...... 20 Table 2‐11 Projects Proposed in Sanand Taluka (IEM Part ‐1) ...... 21 Table 2‐12 Supply of Residential Units in Sanand Town ...... 22 Table 2‐13 SWOT Analysis ...... 23 Table 2‐14 Working factories and Workers employed daily in Ahmedabad City ...... 26 Table 2‐15 Industry wise Working factories and Employment in Ahmedabad City in 2006 ...... 26 Table 2‐16 Projects Proposed in Ahmedabad City during last four years (IEM Part ‐1) ...... 28 Table 2‐17 Employment in shops and Establishment in Ahmedabad City in 2006 ...... 29 Table 2‐1 Population growth of Sanand ...... 34 Table 2‐2 Land use Pattern in 1997 ...... 35 Table 2‐3 Land Use Pattern Proposed in Development Plan 2011 ...... 35 Table 2‐4 Details of Draft Town Planning Schemes Sanand ...... 36 Table 2‐5 Existing Land use 2009 ...... 37 Table 2‐6 Comparison of Existing Land use 1997 and 2009 ...... 37 Table 2‐7 Jantry rates in Sanand ...... 39 Table 2‐8 Current population of Sanand...... 40 Table 2‐9 Assumptions for population density and Projections for 2031 ...... 40 Table 2‐10 Population Projections ...... 40 Table 3‐1 Water demand ...... 43 Table 3‐2 Proposed distribution network ...... 44 Table 3‐3 % Composition of Waste ...... 49 Table 4‐1 Details of Road Network ...... 53 Table 4‐2 Train Details and time ...... 54 Table 5‐1 Slum Profile ...... 59 Table 5‐2 Basic Amenities Distribution in City ...... 60 Table 5‐3 Housing Pattern in the City ...... 60 Table 5‐4 Housing Provided by Gujarat Housing Board (Constructed during 1995‐2001) ...... 60 Table 5‐5 Housing Provided by Gujarat Rural Housing Board (Constructed during 1990‐95) ...... 61 Table 5‐6 Supply of Residential Units in Sanand Town ...... 61 Table 6‐1 Educational Facility in Sanand existing ...... 63 Table 6‐2 Estimates for Educational Facility requirements in Sanand 2031 ...... 64
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Table 6‐3 Health Facilities in Sanand City ...... 65 Table 6‐4 Comparison of existing facilities and UDPFI Norms ...... 66 Table 6‐5 Estimates for Health requirements in Sanand in 2031 ...... 66 Table 6‐6 Coverage of PHCs in Sanand Taluka ...... 67 Table 6‐7 Disease Pattern in Sanand Taluka ...... 67 Table 6‐8 Number of Households availing services ...... 68 Table 6‐9 Number of Households availing Infrastructure Facilities in Sanand ...... 69 Table 6‐10 Estimates for Socio Cultural facilities requirements in Sanand in 2031 ...... 69 Table 6‐11 Major Lakes in Sanand ...... 69 Table 6‐12 Year wise Number of Registered Cases of Different IPC Crimes in Sanand City ...... 70 Table 6‐13 Estimates for Police station and Fire Station requirements in Sanand in 2031 ...... 71 Table 6‐14 Social Infrastructure Project proposed ...... 72 Table 8‐1 Hazard Profile Sanand ...... 77 Table 8‐2 vulnerable schools ...... 78 Table 8‐3 Communication Facilities in Sanand ...... 79 Table 8‐4 Police Personnel in Sanand ...... 79 Table 10‐1 Summarized accounts of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 ...... 81 Table 10‐2 Summarized revenue income of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 ...... 82 Table 10‐3 Summarized revenue Expenses of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 ...... 83 Table 10‐4 Assessment of Capital Account of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 ...... 84 Table 11‐1 Functions of Departments ...... 89 Table 11‐2 Staffing Pattern in Sanand Nagarpalika ...... 90 Table 11‐3 Reforms undertaken by Sanand Nagar Palika ...... 91 Table 11‐4 Status of Reforms in Sanand ...... 92 Table 11‐5 Status of Manpower Requirement in Sanand ...... 93 Table 13‐1 Summary of Investment phasing ...... 101 Table 13‐2 Investment Phasing for Phase 1 ...... 102 Table 13‐3 Means of Finance ...... 103 Table 14‐1 Estimation of Operating and Maintenance Liability arising from the CIP investments ...... 106 Table 14‐2 Status of municipal finance ...... 107
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1. Introduction
Sanand is one of the fine examples demonstrating the positive and wide spread impact of urbanization of a megacity like Ahmedabad. Sanand is located at about 24 km from Ahmedabad city on the Ahmedabad-Viramgam Highway. The city is included under Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) jurisdictional area which is responsible for planning and development in the area.
Sanand has attained importance in recent times as it is in close proximity to the Delhi-Mumbai Freight Corridor and the adjoining Special Economic Zones (SEZ). Shifting of the eagerly awaited Tata’s Nano Plant from Singur, West Bengal to Sanand, Gujarat has suddenly highlighted the vital location of this town with reference to industrial development. The Tata Group’s industrial establishment is supposed to boost up the employment generation in this region.
1.1. Approach and CDP development process Prior Approach: A Growth Center in AUDA Area DP 1997
Sanand was looked at as one of the four Growth Centers (Kalol, Dehgam, Sanand and Mehmedabad) of AUDA. More emphasis was placed on industrial area development in the sanctioned plan so that potential employment opportunities are created and this in turn may attract rural population thereby reducing pressure of migration on Ahmedabad City. But till 2007- 08, neither there were any major developments established, nor GIDC had put up any new industrial estates. The main cause attributed to this no or little development was the lack of promotion of industrial incentives in AUDA area as per strict enforcement of Government Policy. Thus the growth in population of these growth centers is also slow than as estimated by AUDA. As per the population projections of AUDA, the projected population of Sanand city in 2011 will be one lakh, whereas the current estimated population of the city is not more than fifty thousand. New Approach: Planning of a Satellite Town
Sanand has been declared as a Satellite Town of Ahmedabad, in December 2009 by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India (GOI).
What is a Satellite Town?
The concept of satellite town has been emerged to help the metropolitan city in solving the human settlement and absorbs its industrial growth which put enormous pressure on
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infrastructure and service delivery of metropolitan city. The Satellite city is a smaller municipality in the vicinity of metropolitan parent city and can be planned within the natural growth pattern of parent city. It is intended to stop urban sprawl, provide an alternate business center and also provide high speed transport linkages between the it and Parent City.
It has been observed that migration in the metropolitan city is owing to employment opportunities, trade opportunities and specialized services such as education, health, entertainment and recreation. The people residing in satellite town can use specialized services of metropolitan city situated in its vicinity through strong transport linkages. The satellite town/city is defined as follows:
“A Satellite Town is a self-contained and limited in size, built in the vicinity of a large metropolitan city to house and employ those who would otherwise create a demand for expansion of the existing settlement in metropolitan city, but dependent on the parent-city to a certain extent for major and specialized services”
The Satellite city differ from mere suburbs and subdivisions in that it has municipal governments distinct from that of the parent metropolitan city and employment bases sufficient to support its residential populations. The Satellite city also experience cross- commuting with parent metropolitan city.
It has been observed that development of Satellite Town/City requires following offering.
• The Satellite town should offer adequate municipal services such as quality water supply, electricity, sewage treatment and residential townships etc.
• The Satellite Town should offer superior quality social infrastructure such as schools, primary and secondary medical treatment and retail departmental stores.
• Proximity of Metropolitan City and communication network.
• Speedy and Low cost of commuting from Satellite city/Town to Parent Metropolitan City as access to tele- effective services such as universities and airports that only the parent city can offer. This would increase the mobility of people residing in satellite town/city.
• It should have land resources, independent economy and also have strength to absorb the growth of Parent Metropolitan City.
Above factors led to development of Satellite Town/City which decongests the city centers of Parent Metropolitan city.
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The three phases of development of Satellite town in Indian and Western countries context and evolution of model for development of satellite town/city are described in following exhibit.
Figure 1‐1 Evolution of Satellite Town
Source: Author Analysis
As discussed in above exhibit, in the Indian context, often adjoining towns begin to acquire the character of the Satellite city. These towns face pressure of population and industrial growth. Thus required infrastructure needs to be identified, strengthened and developed. However Small town and ULBs are institutionally unable to cope with these demands owing to lack of revenue/ tax base, human resources and planning constrains and hence many a times Satellite Town is merged with Parent Metropolitan city.
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Sanand Town should be developed in line with the Model 1 described in above exhibit as independent town having its own municipality otherwise this will put less pressure on Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation for service and infrastructure deliveries. However this demands higher capability of Municipality for service deliveries and executing large social infrastructure projects. This can be attained by institutional strengthening of Sanand Municipality.
As per the Guidelines for “Scheme of Urban Infrastructure Development in Satellite Towns / Counter Magnets of Million plus Cities” published by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, Sanand is one of the eight Satellite Townships around the seven mega- cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad).
The main objectives of this scheme are:
1 To develop urban infrastructure facilities such as transport, drinking water, sewerage, drainage and solid waste management, etc. at satellite towns/ counter magnets around million plus urban agglomerations (UAs) covered under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) and to channelize their future growth so as to reduce pressure on million plus UAs. 2 To enhance the sustainability of urban infrastructure facilities by implementing reforms such as energy audit, water audit, introduction of cost effective technologies, capacity enhancement for improved operation and maintenance, etc. 3 To adopt innovative public-private partnerships models for development of satellite towns. 4 Earmarking 10-15% of housing sites for the urban poor in accordance with the National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007. 5 To promote the following Urban Local Bodies (ULB) level reforms: a) Adoption of modern, accrual based, double entry system of accounting b) Introduction of system of e-governance using IT applications, Geographical Information system (GIS) and Management Information System (MIS) for various urban services and establishment of citizen facilitation centers. c) Reform of property tax with use of GIS and arrangement for effective implementation so as to raise the collection efficiency to 85 percent. d) Levy of user charges, with the objective that full cost of operation and maintenance is collected within seven years e) Internal earmarking of budgets for basic services to the urban poor
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f) Formulating bye-laws which shall incorporate provisions for disaster management, rainwater harvesting, reuse and recycle of waste water, barrier free environment and structural safety and shall also be in strict compliance with the National building Code. g) Implementation of Public Disclosure Law h) Implementation of Community Participation Law
Also, it is noted that the towns may be planned for a population of 3-5 lakhs in case of million plus cities and 5-10 lakhs in case of mega-cities (4 million plus cities).
As per the above guidelines, planning of the satellite town shall be on the concept of continuity, compactness and self-containment. Each part of the township while being self-sufficient in itself should form an integral part of the town as a whole having clear functional linkages with the mother city and other urban centers in the respective region.
A City Development Plan is a comprehensive plan for the sustainable development of the city, with a strong focus on addressing prioritized problems, in line with a medium to long term vision for the future and supported by available financial resources.
A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city. Essentially it addresses following questions:
¾ Where are we now? ¾ Where do we want to go? ¾ What do we need to address on priority basis? ¾ What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?
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Figure 1‐2 City Development Plan Preparation Process
Analysis of Existing situation (City City Investment Define Vision / Assessment Report) Plan & Mission Analysis of Strengths, Financing statement Weaknesses and Strategy Opportunities & Direction of Threats change and future Household Surveys Expectations, Stakeholder Prioritize Consultation Actions (Household Survey and Ward wise consultation). Study of other sources that determine citizen's Response
The process of development of a city is dependent upon the industrial and business activities of the city, and the amount of activity it can secure from outside. Most of the cities suffer from inadequate civic amenities on one hand and inflexible sources of revenue on the other with the result that they find it difficult to absorb their growth without corresponding strain on the existing meager civic services. The civic services have thus tended to follow a declining curve in relation to the rate of growth of the urban economies. 1.2. City Development Plan for Sanand (2010-2015) The city development plan of Sanand takes a comprehensive review of the developments in the region especially the industrial developments such as Special Investment Regions. It is a learned fact that industrial developments gives a boost to the economic development of any region thus contribution towards increased migration. Hence, the existing situation analysis focuses on the regional connectivity and existing infrastructural services assessment and the future requirements. The CDP also focuses on balancing the environmental sustainability issues, green buildings and disaster mitigation aspects. The planning of the future services takes into account the local needs, norms and space standards flexible enough to meet the socio-economic, physical and environmental needs. Emphasis is given on rational and judicious use of scarce resources both in the form of land and fiscal resources. The City Development
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Plan of Sanand will have a vision for next 20 years and will focus on short term financial planning for five years.
Figure 1‐3 City Development Plan Process
Structure of the Report
The report is presented in four sections-
• First section talks about approach towards the planning process, city profile and current development perspectives for projected population of the city. • Second section gives the current situation assessment of all infrastructural services such as water, sewerage, storm water drainage, solid waste management, transportation and social infrastructure, etc. • Third section explores the existing governance practices of the Sanand Nagar Palika and arrives at a vision for development of the city. • The last section describes in detail the Municipal finances, city investment plans and financial operating plan for Sanand Nagar Palika.
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2. City Profile and Current Development Perspectives
2.1. City Profile Sanand city is located on the south western side of Ahmedabad at a latitude of 22°58´60" N and longitude of 72°22´66" E. Sanad has been classified as a class three town (as per the census of India 2001) and is the taluka headquarter of Sanand taluka, situated in Ahmedabad district. Sanand Nagar Palika (SNP) boundary falls within the boundary of Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) and was classed as a growth centre of Ahmedabad before attaining the status of a satellite town in 2009. The following chapter describes the city profile and its characteristics.
8.2.1. Location and Connectivity Sanand is 24 km South West of Ahmedabad city on the Ahmedabad Virangam State Highway No 17. The important urban centers near Sanand town are Bavla (18 kms) and Viramgam (38 kms). Bavla is growing industrial town known for its rapidly developing cotton ginning industry, rice milling and agricultural commodities market. The famous picnic spot Nalsarovar is located 42 kms south of town. Sarkhej, a development node on the periphery of Ahmedabad is located only 12 kms from Sanand on the route to Ahmedabad.
Figure 2‐1 Location of Sanand Nagar Palika in the Region
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Apart from this Sanand is an important node in the region with Ahmedabad – Viramgam State highway SH 17, Bavla - Sanand - Kadi State Highway 135, Sanand – Nal sarovar Road, Ambli- Bopal-Ghuma-Sanand Road passing through it. Apart from this broad gauge Railway line also passes through this city, connecting it to Ahmedabad to the east and Viramgam towards west. The city is sandwiched between the newly proposed Sanand SIR and Changodar SIR (Refer Map 2.1). The Dedicated freight corridor (DFC) also passes through Sanand making the location lucrative to industrial development
8.2.2. Topography and Soil Sanand belongs to the Gujarat Plains and hence the topography of the area is plain, Sanand town is majorly, a part of Sabarmati basin. The entire area under the Jurisdiction of the Nagar Palika is comprised of plain land with no hills or any other such features in the vicinity. The altitude of Sanand town varies from 6 to 10 meters above sea level. The higher area is Darbar gadha area, where as lower area is near Gadhiya pond. The general slope of the area is from North – East to South - west direction. Geologically the area in and around Sanand Town is composed of soft soil, recent alluvium, clay kankar hard murrum and pobble etc. varies in thickness up to 6 to 10 mts. Beyond this depth, upper layer of the area consist of solid, fine sands , murrum and alluvium.
8.2.3. Climate Sanand being located in the western part of India has a dry climate. Temperature varies from 43 ⁰C to 47 ⁰C in the summers and 5.3 ⁰C to 16 ⁰C in the winters. The predominant wind direction in the city during morning and evenings is from the South-west direction for most of the year. The rainfall in the area is restricted to the monsoon from June to September. Average annual rainfall of Sanand city is 750 mm which is almost equal to Ahmedabad district average annual rainfall (Census of India, 2001). The minimum was in the year 1975 as 100 mm and the maximum rainfall was received in the year 1976 as 1510 mm.
8.2.4. Drainage There are no major rivers that pass through Sanand. Owing to the topography and the general slope in the area from North - East to South –West the water from the city finds its way from the local ponds in the town and drains off to Nalsarovar through natural drains. The city is dotted with lakes and ponds the most distinctive ones are Bhadreti Lake, Gadhiyu Lake and Lakshmana Lake.
8.2.5. Natural resources and Minerals There is no forest area or minerals found in the District. The Nalsarovar Bird Santuary well known for migratory birds is located about 41 km south west of the city.
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8.2.6. History
Sanand is an old historical town but no details concerning its origin are known apart from those available from story and legend.
There are many stories on how the name of Sanand was derived. As per one such legend Sanand is derived from ‘Sanadi’ meaning ‘alienated’. The original Sanand village is believed to have been an alienated village under the Ahmedabad Sultan and it is from here the present day name is thought to be derived.
In more recent historical time Sanand was known to have been seat of the Vaghela rulers of the Koth house descended from the adopted son of King Karam Vaghela, the last of the Hindu ruler of Gujarat before the arrival of Allaudin Khilji as the master of region.
It is also believed that, during the Muslim rule in Gujarat, to entertain the King, Shah's gardens were built in Sanand and hence was called 'Shah Anand' which later on became ‘Sanand’.
The earliest written records available data back to 1872 during this period the town was apparently fairly well established and seems to have enjoyed some local importance in the region.
Table 2‐1 Development of Sanand Period Status May 15, 1885- March 31, 1963 Sanand Municipality April 1, 1963 Sanand Nagar Panchayat April 15, 1994 Sanand Nagarpalika First meeting of Sanand Municipality was held on 15th May 1885 under the leadership of district collector who was also a president. Till 31st March 1963, the president was elected through public voting. After the implementation of Panchayati Raj from 1st April 1963 Sanand Municipality was converted to Nagar Panchayat under the 1961 Gujarat Adhiniyam. After 15th April 1994, it became Sanand Nagarpalika. 2.2. Demographic profile
2.2.1. Administrative Boundary
The Sanand Nagar Palika has a total area of 40.4 Sq.km. which is divided into 9 administrative wards; the panchayat of Gibpura is also included in this area (Refer Map 2.2). Till date, the gamtal area of Gibpura is governed by the Sanand Nagar Panchayat, which is also responsible for the provision of facilities such as roads, water supply, street light, drainage, solid waste management in the gamtal area.
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The details of area and ward wise population are given in the table below-
Table 2‐2 Administrative divisions in Sanand Nagarpalika Ward No. Ward Area in Sq.Km. Population of Ward 1 5.61 2212 2 3.96 2583 3 0.50 2953 4 0.30 2703 5 8.61 2178 6 1.03 5198 7 5.99 3862 8 1.36 5102 9 7.67 5626 Gibpura (Rural)* 5.41 1270
Total 40.42 33,687
Source: Census, 2001 *Gibpura is governed by Sanand Nagar Panchayat
2.2.2. Existing Population and it’s Characteristics
As of 2001 Census of India, Sanand has population of 33,687 (including Gibpura). Decadal growth trend in the population indicates the sharp decline in the population growth rate after 1981 from 32.64% in 1971 to 18.33% in the decade of 1981, which further decreased to 14.28% in 1991. However, in the last decade the population has increased. The ward wise distribution of population has been shown in the table below, which shows the highest concentration of population in ward no. 9 and 6.The population in the age group 0-6 comprises almost 13 percent of the total population of Sanand town.
Table 2‐3 Population Growth in Sanand Nagarpalika (1951‐2001) Year Area in Sq Total Population Male Female Decadal Density Km change (person/sq (%) km) 1951 1.29 10623 5472 5151 263 1961 1.29 14315 7462 6853 34.75 354 1971 40.42 18985 9949 9036 32.64 470 1981 40.42 22465 11664 10801 18.33 556 1991 40.42 25674 13504 12170 14.28 635 2001* 40.42 33687 17178 15239 31.21 802 Source: Census of India, 2001 *SNP including Gibpura
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2.2.3. Population density The average population density of the Sanand Municipality is 802 people per Sq. km. It shows the scarce distribution of the population. There are nine wards in the Sanand Municipality and population is not evenly distributed in all the wards. The figure shows that the major concentration of population is in the Gamtal area and near to major transport network in the ward number four, three, six and eight (Refer Map 2.3).
2.2.4. Sex Ratio and Literacy rate As of 2001 Census of India, Sanand had a population of 33,687. The sex ratio (females per thousand males) is 891 and for the population under age 6, it is 790 which is decidedly alarming. Sanand has an average literacy rate of 81.7%, higher than
The state average of 81.4%: male literacy is 89.6%, and female literacy is 72.9%. The town has experienced continuous decline in the female population from the decade of 1981. This raised concerns of gender inequality.
As per the census, the average literacy rate in the town is 81.7 percent, while the male literacy rate is 89.6 percent and female literacy rate is 72.9 percent. The literacy rate of the city is higher than the state average i.e. 69%, as well as the literacy rate of Ahmedabad district i.e. 79.5%. This indicates the higher degree of awareness for education in urban areas of Sanand Taluka. (Refer map 2.4) Figure 2‐2 Literacy Rate Sanand
Table 2‐4 Sex ratio in Sanand Town Literacy rate (%) 100 Year Male Female Sex ratio 89.6 81.7 80 72.9 1951 5472 5151 941 % 60
1961 7462 6853 918 in
40 1971 9949 9036 908 Value 1981 11664 10801 926 20 1991 13504 12170 901 0 2001 17812 15875 891 Total Male Female Source: Census of India, 2001
2.2.5. Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribe Population The Scheduled caste population in the Sanand town comprises 13.3 percent of the total population while Scheduled tribes have almost negligible proportion out of the total population in the town i.e. 0.2 percent.
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Table 2‐5 Scheduled Caste / Schedules Tribe Population of Sanand Town
SC & ST Population SC % share of Total ST population % share of Total Population population population Total 4322 13.3 58 0.2 Male 2046 7.0 32 0.10 Female 2046 6.3 26 0.08 Source: Census of India, 2001 A comparison of Sanand with the mother city Ahmedabad points out the similarities in terms of literacy rate especially the male literacy rate which is 89.6 % and 89.8% for Sanand and Ahmedabad respectively. The sex ratio of both the cities is also fairly same, 891 for Sanand and 885 for Ahmedabad in spite of the huge difference in the total population. The work participation rate of Sanand city is 33.1% and that of Ahmedabad city is 31.9%. The linkages of the two cities in terms of employments and transportation are further discussed in the report.
Table 2‐6 Comparison of Ahmedabad and Sanand (2001) Parameters Sanand City Ahmedabad City Total Population 32,417 42,20,048 Average Household Size 5.0 5.1 Sex Ratio 891 885 Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 780 825 Sex Ratio (SC) 899 889 Sex Ratio (ST) 812 873 Literacy Rate (%) 81.7 83.9 Literacy Rate (Male) 89.6 89.8 Literacy Rate (Female) 72.9 77.3 Work Participation Rate (%) 33.1 31.9 Proportion of Main Workers (%) 31.6 30.4 Proportion of Marginal Workers (%) 1.4 1.5 Proportion of Non-Workers (%) 67 68.1 Work Participation Rate (%) (Male) 49.7 52.5 Work Participation Rate (%) (Female) 14.1 8.7 Source: Census of India, 2001
2.2.6. Migration Migration is one of the determining factors for the growth of the city. It gives an insight on the type of growth and helps in determining the natural growth rate for the town and also accounting for the floating population. In case of Sanand no direct tables are available from the census and hence to analyze the migration information on births and deaths was collected from the Nagarpalika between 1991 and 2001 to estimate the natural growth of the town. The table
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below gives the net migration in case of Sanand. When we compare the results with the Ahmedabad Urban Agglomeration it is seen that the net migration in case Sanand is about 5.3% as compared to 34% in case of Ahmedabad urban agglomeration.
Table 2‐7 Migration in Sanand 1991 to 2001 Year Total Total Deaths Natural Increase Population Difference in Net Births Population Migration to Previous yr 1991 722 173 549 25674 1992 721 159 562 26381 707 145 1993 728 182 546 27107 726 180 1994 775 180 595 27854 746 151 1995 833 167 666 28621 767 101 1996 796 173 623 29409 788 165 1997 872 185 687 30219 810 123 1998 757 180 577 31051 832 255 1999 888 185 703 31906 855 152 2000 894 202 692 32784 879 187 2001 776 207 569 33687 903 334 Total (Net 6220 Total (Net 1793 Increase) Migration) Source: Census of India, 2001 and Sanand Nagar Palika
Table 2‐8 Net Migration in Sanand Population in 1991 25674 Population in 2001 33687 Growth Rate 1991-2001 31.2 Sanand Difference (Population 1991-2001) 8013 10 Yrs (Natural GR) 6220 Net Migration 1793 Net Migration % (91-01) 5.3 Source: Census of India, 2001 and Sanand Nagar Palika
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1.1. Economy
1.1.1. Work Participation in Sanand Sanand Town’s 33% population is working and employed in different economic activities. The total non working population is 21714 as per census 2001.
Figure 2‐3 Work Participation in Sanand 25000
20000
15000
10000 Population
5000
0 Working Main Marginal Non Workers Population Workers Workers Female 1957 1749 208 13282 Male 8746 8490 256 8432
Source: Census 2001 The working population has been classified as main workers and marginal workers. Total 95% of Sanand Town’s working population is main worker and remaining is marginal workers as per census 2001 which indicates majority of working population employed for more than 6 months in a year (presence of long term job).
Working population comprises 82% males and 18% female workers. This indicates that working population is dominated by male workers. Further 51% of male population and 13% of female population are employed in different economic activities.
Figure 2‐4 Work profile of the population in Sanand Town Economic activities Male Female Total % of the Total
Cultivators 311 32 343 3% Agricultural labourers 1100 699 1799 17% Workers in household industries 94 46 140 1% Other workers 7241 1180 8421 79% Total 8746 1957 10703 100% Source: Census 2001
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It can be observed from the above Exhibit that majority of working population employs in manufacturing and service sector. Only 3% of working population is engaged in cultivation on the land owned by him or held from Government and 17% of working population employs as agricultural laboures who worked on another person’s agriculture land for wages indicating that small proportion of working population employs in primary sector of economy. Each sector of economy is discussed in brief further.
1.1.2. Sectors of the Economy PRIMARY SECTOR
The area of Sanand Taluka is 78453 hectare. The land use pattern of 75972 hectare of area of Sanand Taluka is mentioned in following Figure.
Figure 2‐5 Land use pattern of Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04
Barren land not suitable for 2% 4% agriculture 3% 7% Land used in Non Agriculture purpose 17% Unused land suitable for agriculture 67% Meadow Land
Other Unused land
Net Sown Area
Source: District Statistical Handbook of Ahmedabad, 2007-08.
Net sown area is more than half of the land of Sanand Taluka. Double cropping land is around 22% of the net sown area and 14% of the total land area. The given portion of double cropping land suggests inadequate irrigation system compare to other districts of the state. Only 37315 hectare of net sown area is irrigated. Around 18250 hectare area is irrigated by Government Canal and remaining 19605 hectare area is irrigated by ponds and wells. This indicated need to increase coverage of Government Canal for irrigation in the Sanand Taluka. Further total 13215 hectares is unused land and 2100 hectares of land is barren land not suitable for agriculture. Such land can be used for residential, commercial and industrial purpose.
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Total 47946 hectares of area is under Food Crops and 14193 hectares of area is under non food crops cultivation as on 2003-04 in Sanand Taluka. As indicated in following Figure that Cereals and Cotton are major crops in Sanand Taluka.
Figure 2‐6 Area under cultivation for Food and Non Food crop in Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04 50000 45000 40000 (Hac.) 35000 30000 25000 Cultivation 20000 15000 under
10000
Area 5000 0 Fruits and Cereals Pulses Spices Oildseeds Cotton Tobacco Vegetable Series1 43261 658 942 3085 1969 10257 955
Source: District Statistical Handbook of Ahmedabad, 2007-08.
The main food grains produced in Sanand Taluka are Rice, Wheat and Bajra. Green gram and Pigeon Peace are major pulses and Til and Aranda are major oilseeds. Jira is the main spice produced in the Sanand Taluka. Following Figure shows mix of various crops in Sanand Taluka.
Figure 2‐7 Crop wise area cultivated in Sanand Taluka in 2003‐04 Food Grain Pulses Oilseeds
1% 5% 15% 37% 26%
51% 44% 60% 13% 44% 4%
Rice Wheat Bajra Gram Black Gram Green Gram Other Pulses Til Mustered aranda others
Source: District Statistical Handbook of Ahmedabad, 2007-08.
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Owing to higher cultivation of rice, Sanand Taluka comprises many rice mills. Further spread of Government Canal can increase the irrigation and considerable production of Food and Non Food crops can be attained. This can help to locate agro processing units such as rice mills, flour mills and textiles units. Further Sanand Taluka stands fourth in Ahmadabad District for milk production in 2007-08. Thus dairy and dairy product producing industries can be located in Sanand Taluka.
Thus it can be observed from the above discussion that primary sector in Sanand Taluka mainly comprise farming of food crops such as rice, wheat and Bajra and Non Food crops such as cotton. However there is need to increase the irrigation as only 47% of Sanad Taluk’s land is irrigated as on 2003-04. Further Sanand Taluka has further potential for locating dairy product producing industries.
SECONDARY SECTOR
The secondary sector of Sanand Town comprises total 40 small to medium scale rice mills and other approximately 7small chemical manufacturing units. Total investment of all such manufacturing units stood at Rs 200 crore and employs approximately 800 people1. Further the Household industries are in nascent stage and employed only 140 people.
There is only one GIDC estates within the Municipal limit. This GIDC was established in 1984 as mini GIDC. Owing To lack of promotions and marketing of the estate, very few units were established. GIDC can reside 20 units, out of which presently there are only two units established in the GIDC. One pharma units is fully operational however metal unit is partially operational. Pharma unit of GIDC employs 10 people. Further GIDC lacks hard infrastructure such as internal roads. Lack of adequate internal infrastructure and efforts on promotion and marketing and availability of skilled manpower are area of concerns for Sanand GIDC.
Sanand Town does not have mineral resources and hence absence of mining activities. Thus it can be observed that rice mills are major contributor of secondary sector of Sanand Town.
However Sanand Taluka reside many manufacturing industries as compared to Sanand Town. Total numbers of registered factories and investment in plant and machineries in Sanand Taluka are described in following Table.
1 Sanand Municipality, as on January 2010.
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Table 2‐9 Registered factories and Investment in Sanand Taluka (status as on 2007‐08) Name of Taluka No of registered Investment in Plant Employment factories and Machineries (Rs crore) Sanand Taluka 153 13774 4205 Ahmedabad City 2066 51565 29499 Ahmedabad District 2348 72237 36367 Source: District Statistical Handbook of Ahmadabad District, 2007-08.
Following points can be inferred from above Table.
• It can be observed from the following table that Sanand Taluka resides 7% of numbers of registered factories of Ahmadabad district. Its share in investment of Plant and Machineries stands at 17% in Ahmedabad district. This indicates strong industrial base in Sanand Taluka. Out of this, 40 manufacturing units are located in Sanand Town. • This strong industrial base in Sanand Taluka is owing to proximity of Metropolitan City Ahmedabad and strong connectivity with Kutch ports and south Saurashtra based ports. Further availability of land around the Sanand may have also contributed in establishing industrial base. • Owing to unavailability of skilled labors and worsening law and order environment of Sanand Town, many manufacturing units decided not to establish industrial units in Sanand GIDC or Sanand Town. These bottlenecks can be resolved by establishing standard quality international schools and colleges and maintaining law and order situation. Further promotion of GIDC estate as ideal investment destination by establishing quality internal hard infrastructure can help to attract the industrial units.
TERTIARY SECTOR
Sanand Town resides total 1027 retail shops registered under shops establishment act and employed total 1438 people2. The retails shops are of cloth, stationary, fruit and vegetable, food and grocery and other necessary trade and services. Owing to upcoming manufacturing units of Tata Motors for Nano cars, almost all leading private sector and public Banks have established their branches. Further Sanand Town does not have any significant tourism resources or any quality restaurants and hotels. There is also absence of recreation facilities such as Cinema, park, Good quality restaurants etc. There is also presence of informal sector in Sanand Town. Sanand Municipality has allocated separate space to hawkers after issuing license. Total 300 licenses issued and employing approximately 600 people. Thus service sector is dominated by retail trading shops followed by informal sector.
2 Sanand Nagar Palika and District Statistical Handbook of Ahmedabad district for year 2007-08.
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Following steps can be taken to develop Service Sector in Sanand Town.
• Strong industrial base in Sanand Taluka can help to locate hotels and restaurants, retail malls and banking and financial services. This can be attained by persuading Industries to set up their town ships in vicinity or in the Sanand Town. The people employed in Industries situated in Sanand Taluka can be encourage to house at Sanand Town by providing good quality social infrastructure.
• Presently this is not a practice and industries such as Tata Motors and others are establishing Residential Townships independently in the vicinity of their units. This is owing to absence quality social infrastructure and worsening law and order situation.
• Further affordable real estate can help to development of service sectors such as hotels and restaurants, retail malls and banking and financial services. Hence need to make real estate affordable in Sanand Town and its vicinity area.
• Owing to presence of strong industrial base and upcoming DMIC in Sanand Taluka, logistic parks and related services has strong potential to be developed. This can be attained by developing logistic park and related services.
1.1.3. Emerging Projects around Sanand Town
Ahmedabad city accounted for 21.5% of factories in the state employing 18% of workers (2000). It houses Textiles, Chemical, Pharma and Engineering industries. Sanand Taluka has already started leveraging the growth of Ahmedabad. Being in the proximity of Ahmedabad and situated at strategic geographical location, Sanand Taluka attracted Rs 29144 crore of Investment in manufacturing sector. It accounted for 41% of Ahmedabad district’s industrial investment during last four years. The majority of industries established in Sanand Taluka during last four years are textiles, Chemicals, Metal and Pharma. The capital investment in these industries in Sanand Taluka during last four years is mentioned in Exhibit below.
Table 2‐10 Projects Commissioned in Sanand Taluka during last four years (IEM Part ‐2) Name of Industry No of units Investment (Rs Employment Rs crore of crore) Investment per employment Textile 2 10706 1233 9 Chemical 2 2629 145 18 Metal 3 9829 519 19 Pharma 2 5980 571 10 Total 9 29144 2468 Source: District Industrial Center, Ahmedabad
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Following points can be inferred from above Table and stake holder consultation.
• It can be depicted from above Table that Textile and Metal industries accounted for highest capital investment of 37% and 34% respectively which is followed by Pharma industry (21% of total investment).
• It can also be observed that Textiles and Pharma industries are employment intensive as compared to Chemical and Metal industries. Thus promoting the Pharma and Textile industrial base can generate higher employment in Sanand Taluka.
Further 49% of Ahmedabad district’s investment proposed in Sanand Taluka. This is reflected from IEM (Part-1) filed by the different industries3. Total 12 projects projects proposed at an investment of Rs 3270 crore. The following Exhibit display industries wise IEM filed and investment proposed in Sanand Taluka.
Table 2‐11 Projects Proposed in Sanand Taluka (IEM Part ‐1) Name of Industry No of units Investment (Rs crore) Employment Textiles 4 312 1130 Chemical 2 32 159 Pharma 1 31 100 Electrical 2 106 412 Cement 1 275 90 Engineering 1 66 727 Auto 1 2448 3540 Total 12 3270 6158 Source: District Industrial Center, Ahmedabad
Following points can be inferred from the above table and discussions held with various stake holders;
• Auto industries accounted for 74% of investment proposed in Sanand Taluka. Auto industries comprised Tata Motors Limited’s Nano plant. Establishment of this plant can attract Auto ancillaries industries in the Sanand Taluka.
• Proximity of Ahmedabad city helped Sanand Taluka to attract the investment in Textile, chemical and Pharma companies as Ahmedabad city has been traditionally base of Textiles, chemical and pharma industries.
3 DIC, Ahmedabad
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• Owing to quality road infrastructure connecting Sanand to Kutch ports, availability of land and strategic location catering Central Gujarat, North Gujarat and North Saurashtra markets attracted cement plant of Ambuja.
1.1.4. Real Estate Market of Sanand Town
Real estate market in the Sanand Town is dominated by increase supply of Housing units presently. The demand of Housing units generated mainly from specific income group who sold their land to industrial houses. Further perception of investor regarding strong future housing demand from employees of specific industrial houses also contributed in housing unit demand in Sanand Town. These two key facts provided impetus to growth of new residential townships. Presently five new residential schemes have been planned in Sanand Town and all are advanced stage of completion. All five residential township projects have been initiated by private developers. Three residential schemes have been planned on Sanand – Viramgam Highway and remaining Two Residential schemes on Sanand- Sarakhej Highway. The present supply of residential units is presented in following Table.
Table 2‐12 Supply of Residential Units in Sanand Town Particular Average Total Supply of 5 Area (Sq. yard) Prevailing supply per Township projects Prices Residential Scheme Flats 100 to 125 units 500 to 625 units 80 to 125 Rs 10 lakh to 14 lakh Tenament and 60 units 300 units Row House (140 to 160 Row House (Rs Row House aq yard). 18 lakh to 25 Tenament (185 to 200 lakh). sq yard) Tenament (Rs 25 lakh to 35 lakh)
Total 800 to 925 units Source: Stakeholder Consultation
The prices of housing units have been rising upward after the announcement of Tata Motors Limited to establish Nano Plant at Charodi village 13 km away from Sanand Town. Upcoming DMIC, Industrial Investment and SIR may drive demand of housing units in Sanand Town. However Law and Order Situation and poor social infrastructure/service delivery may hamper the demand of Housing Units.
Presently one commercial complex has been planned and completed. Some leading banks established their branch in Sanand after announcement of Nano plant. Owing to absence of any tourism resources, there is absence of demand for hotel and restaurant. However in future
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industrial investment may increase the demand for commercial space for hotel, restaurant, retail malls and recreation facilities.
1.1.5. SWOT Analysis of Sanand Economy
The SWOT analysis of Sanand Economy is presented in following Table
Table 2‐13 SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
• Economy • Social Infrastructure 1. Multi cropping land producing rice, wheat 1. Poor infrastructure and service deliveries and Paddy. in schools and absence of science 2. Fourth largest Milk producer in Ahmedabd stream in school level education. District in 2007-08. 2. Absence of Graduation and Post- 3. Very less slum population. Only 363 people Graduation level institutes. stayed in slum out of total population of 3. Adequate numbers of clinics and small 32419 indicating not significant increase in hospitals but emergency treatment is slum population. availed only at Ahmedabad during 4. Being only urban town of Sanand Taluka, it evening and night hours owing to non plays key role for Trade & Commerce, availability of doctors during same time educational, health facilities. period. 5. Independent economy dependent on secondary (mainly rice mills) and Tertiary • Non Availability of skilled manpower (trade& commerce) sector. Non availability of skilled readily employable 6. Proximity of main Urban Metropolitan City manpower owing to Poor educational service of Gujarat, Ahmedabad. deliveries in schools and absence of 7. Availability of water resources and colleges. electricity. • Absence of Tourism and Recreation • Strategic Location and Transportation Facilities network People of Town depended on Ahmedabad 1. Sanand is situated on State Highway 7 city for recreation needs. There is also connected to NH leading to Kutch Ports. absence of tourism facilities which leads to The SH-7 is being widened to four lane by non development of hotels and restaurants. next year. 2. BG rail line connecting Ahmedabad to • Irrational land use Kutch ports and Saurashtra are passing Locations of APMC and Govt offices creating through Sanand Town. roadblocks and congestion in internal transportation of the town.
• Transport infrastructure Lack of supporting transport infrastructure like truck/tractor terminal and parking lead to congestion along the road.
• Mineral Resources Absence of Mineral resource leading non development of mineral based industries.
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OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
1. Promote Agro processing industries and 1. Institutional strengthening of urban local dairy industries in Sanand Town. body is required for urban service 2. Improve irrigation network so more land deliveries. can be irrigate which can increase the 2. Continue upward land prices may pose Agriculture produces. threat for development of Service 3. Create qualified skilled manpower to Industries and recreation facilities. motivate industries to recruit people from 3. Worsening law and order situation will Sanand Town. impact on overall development of Town. 4. Create land bank to attract industries in the 4. Haphazard growth of town may lead to town and its vicinity area. poor quality of transportation and unban 5. Promote Exim based industries as to get facilities. advantage of Quality Transportation 5. Waste water if not treated can have an Network. adverse effect on Nal Sarovar Bird 6. Promote Auto ancillaries industries. Santuary. 7. Promote industries situated in Ahmedabad to get benefit of its proximity to Ahmedabad. 8. Promote GIDC as ideal investment destination to attract the industries in the Town 9. Promote logistic parks and warehouse based industries to realize the strength of being located on strategic location. 10. Promote recreation facilities such as Cinema, quality hotel and restaurants and social infrastructure so that employee of industries located nearby can be location in the Town. This would provide impetus to service sector and this would increase employment.
1.1.6. Strategies for Leveraging Growth of Ahmedabad
The discussions in above section analyses the economy of Sanand which has been declared satellite town of Ahmedabad. As discussed Satellite Town aimed to stop the urban sprawl, provide an alternate business center by absorbing the growth of parent Metropolitan City. It is required to analyze the Economy of Ahmedabad City to assess its sectoral growth pattern. The growth pattern of economy of Ahmedabad city has been analysed as follows.
ECONOMY OF AHMEDABAD
Ahmedabad city assume importance in the Gujarat Economy owing to its contribution and large concentration of economic activities. In 1995, with 7% of state’s population, Ahmedabad contributed 10 17 % of state income4.
4 City Development Plan of Ahmedabad City.
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Analysis of occupation pattern of Ahmedabad in 1971 and 1991 indicates that economy of the city has been gradually shifting from secondary to tertiary sector absorbing 56 percent of the total main workers of the city. During this period the share of secondary sector has fallen from 50 % to 42%. Following Exhibit specifies the work participation and working profile of population of Ahmedabad city.
Figure 2‐8 Work Participation and work profile of Population of Ahmedabad City Work Participation in Ahmedabad City(AMC limit) Work Profile of Population of Ahmedabad City
3000000 Economic % of the Male Female Total 2500000 activities Total
2000000 Cultivators 1049 380 1429 0.13% 1500000 Agricultural Population 1000000 labourers 1259 625 1884 0.17%
500000 Workers in household 0 industries Working Maginal 15224 20035 35259 3.14% Main Workers Non Workers Population Workers Female 145592 118589 27003 888333 Other workers 961384 124552 1085936 96.57% Male 978916 952422 26494 1507244 Total 978916 145592 1124508 100.00%
Source: Census 2001
Following points can be inferred from above Figure.
• The work participation rate of Ahmedabad is 32% as compared to 33% of Sanand Town and Gujarat State5.
• Total 95% of Ahmedabad City’s population is main workers and remaining is marginal workers. This indicates majority of working population employed for more than 6 months in a year.
• Working population comprised 87% males and 13% female workers. This indicates that working population is dominated by male workers.
• 97% of working population employed in manufacturing and service sector. Only 0.29% of working populations is engaged in Agricultural and remaining 3.14% working population engaged in Household industries. Hence it reflected that economy of Ahmedabad City mainly depends on secondary and tertiary sector.
Manufacturing Sector
5 Census 2001
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Following Table specifies details of the number of working factories and workers employed daily Ahmedabad city from 1965 to 2003.
Table 2‐14 Working factories and Workers employed daily in Ahmedabad City Year No of working Average No of workers Workers per Factory factories employed daily in working factories
1981 2207 184856 84 1987 2110 129759 61 1999 4271 157568 37 2000 4243 152933 36 2001 4415 157486 36 2002 4689 168700 36 2003(P) 4859 175728 36 2004(P) 5100 183092 36 2005(P) 5236 197712 38 2006(P) 5482 208078 38 Source: Office of Chief Inspector of Factories in Ahmedabad. Note :(P) is provisional figures
Following points can be inferred from above Exhibit.
• Ahmedabad City accounts for 35% of factories in state and employing 21% factory workers of the state in 2004-056.
• Workers per factory have declined from 84 workers in 1981 to 61 in 1987 and to 38 in 2006 indicating increased atomization.
• The number of workers employed in registered factories has remained more or less stagnant in the city for last eight years. This is in conjunction with the trends at the state level. The numbers of jobs vary between 1.84 lakh to 2.0 lakh jobs.
• Growth in numbers of factories established during last seven years has remained 3.7%.
Industry wise numbers of working factories and employment pattern is displayed in following Exhibit
Table 2‐15 Industry wise Working factories and Employment in Ahmedabad City in 2006 Industry Type No of working Employment % of Total employment factories in factories
Agri processing 14 288 0.1% Metallurgy 1208 35780 17.2% Food and Beverages 324 17853 8.6% Textile 700 48702 23.4%
6 Statistical outline of Ahmedabad City 2006‐07 and Industries Census of Gujarat State 2004‐05
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Industry Type No of working Employment % of Total employment factories in factories
Wooden 259 4041 1.9% Paper 93 2348 1.1% Printing 149 3603 1.7% Leather 10 148 0.1% Chemical &Petro 1116 33242 16.0% Chemical Engineering products 788 23613 11.3% Electrical and Electronics 132 5530 2.7% Tobacco products 8 181 0.1% mfg. Of non Metallic 164 7651 3.7% mineral product Rubber and Plastic 212 4139 2.0% Mfg of Heavy vehicle and 64 3450 1.7% transport equipments Electricity, gas and hot 10 7270 3.5% water supply Trade related 110 6979 3.4% Other Miscellaneous 121 3260 1.6% Total 5482 208078 100.0% Source: Office of Chief Inspector of Factories in Ahmedabad.
• There are around 5482 factories in Ahmedabad City, of which metallurgy industry has largest share (22%), followed by Chemical and Petrochemical industries (20%), Engineering products (14%) and Textiles industry (13%).
• The employment is the highest in textile industries (23.4%) followed by metallurgy (17.2%), chemical and petrochemical (16%) and engineering products (11.3%).
• Though the number of metallurgy and chemical industries is considerable higher in numbers, the employment is much lower.
• Total of 246 new factories established in 2006 as compared to 2005, of which Chemical and Petrochemical industries has higher share (19%) , followed by metallurgy (18%) , engineering (16%) and Textiles industries (14%).
There are four GIDC estates within the Municipal Limits: Vatva, Odhav, Naroda and Behrampura and Apparel Park. In all the four estates, almost the entire area has been developed. The number of functioning units is highest in Vatwa and so is the employment. However, the investment in Naroda industrial estate is the highest7. City also resides large units of Small scale industries.
7 City Development plan, Ahmedabad
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Further it is observed from the Exhibit below that there are 27 industrial units proposed to be established. Out of 27 industrial units, Textiles industries has largest share (8 units) followed by Printing (4 units) and Dairy (3 units) industries.
Table 2‐16 Projects Proposed in Ahmedabad City during last four years (IEM Part ‐1) Name of Industry No of units Investment (Rs crore) Proposed Employment Textiles 8 220 869 Dairy 3 53 221 Metal 1 25 118 Dying and printing 4 57 1112 Synthetic Organic Dyes 1 13 20 Power Generation 1 209 Effluent Treatment Facilities 2 193 46 Distribution of natural gas 1 600 250 Clinical research 1 117 425 machines and ball bearings 2 82 436 Ready mix Concrete 1 20 66 Pipe 1 25 250 Indusrial Park 1 290 30000 Total 27 1904 33813 Source: District Industrial Center, Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad district’s 28% of investment proposed in Ahmedabad city, which is less compared to Sanand Taluka (49%), However 56% of district’s employment proposed in Ahmedabad city. The highest employment share is owing to largest employment share proposed in Industrial Park. The nature of the industries proposed to be established in this industrial park is not known.
It is also observed that total 17 Textiles units proposed to be established in Ahmedabad district, of which Ahmedabad City has highest share (8 units) followed by Sanand Taluka (4 units). Hence Sanand Taluka has already attracted investment in Textiles and Chemical industries.
Real Estate Sector
Ahmedabad district alone comprised 38% of stamp duty collection from sale of property indicating strong demand of housing and commercial properties in Ahmedabad district. Stamp duty collection data in 2009-10 indicates that properties worth of Rs 25000 crore was traded in Ahmedabad8. The stamp duty collection from the sale of property rose by 27% to Rs 780 crore
8 The applicable stamp duty rate in the Gujarat is 5.9%.
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in 2010 from Rs 613 crore in 2008-09. This may be because of increased industrial and service sector investment in the state. This has led to increase in demand of housing units.
However Ahmadabad’s commercial realty will experience a supply-surge of 3.6 mn sq ft in 2010- 11 against the estimated demand of 2.5 mn sq ft. The oversupply will stabilize the value of commercial property9. The commercial realty in Ahmedabad is being led primarily by sectors such as banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); telecom; pharma; and textile.
Owing to strong growth in Real estate sector, it employs considerable numbers of people in Ahmedabad and it will continue to generate employment in future. Further prices of real estate has been increased at unprecedented pace in Ahmedabad which may make real estate less affordable to house low to medium income group people in future.
Service Sector
Ahmedabad is a key trade center of Gujarat and plays a strong and significant role in providing commercial resources and market access for trade and commerce related businesses. This has led to development of mercantile corporation and associations. It is observed from the exhibit below that retails stores, business enterprises and recreation facilities alone employs 3.64 lakh people as compared to manufacturing sector employing 2.0 lakh people.
Table 2‐17 Employment in shops and Establishment in Ahmedabad City in 2006 Retail stores and other 2004 2006 recreation facilities No of units Employment No of units Employment Shops 322418 120836 328763 124837 Business Enterprise 84525 161089 103989 215061 Resident Hotels 547 4119 621 4302 Restaurants 4931 17223 5186 19193 Cinemas 70 1109 74 1122 Total 412491 304376 438633 364515 Source: Shops and Establishment Department, Ahmedabad
• Being key trade center of Gujarat State, City’s retail shops and business enterprise such as trading firms and financial institutions employs 3.39 lakh working population. Ahmedabad city is also boats of recreation facilities such as restaurants, Cinemas and hotels and employs 24000 people.
• Total numbers of retail and other recreation facilities increased at 3.4% however employment increased at 10%.
9 CRISIL Reality sector report for Ahmedabad City
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• Business Enterprises becomes highest contributor in employment generation. The employment generation has been shift from Shops to Business Enterprises.
The city is also turning out to be the leading retail destinations of India as a result of the malls and multiplexes coming up occupying an area of more than 5 million sq ft. The city has also many ancient monuments and reaches cultural tradition which attracts domestic and foreign tourist. This has led to development of hotels and restaurants. Further city’s education and industrial institutions have attracted students and young skilled workers.
Owing to lower real estate prices compared to other Tier -1 and availability of large pool of graduates attracted many leading IT/ITES companies to the Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. As a result, there are nine IT/ITES, SEZ proposed in vicinity of Ahmedabad.
Key Drivers of Ahmadabad’s Economy
• Rich Industrial base of Textiles, Chemical including Pharma and Engineering industries.
• Major trade destination owing to strong industrial base.
• Tourist Destination owing to presence of many heritage monuments, cultural festivals and recreation facilities such as multiplexes etc.
• Presence of Prominent Educational Institutes
• Excellent Transport Infrastructure such as Roads, Rail, Domestic and International airport facilitating connectivity with economic drivers such as port, prominence APMC , Tourism places, other urban and industrial cities/regions of country.
• Better Urban Infrastructure such as water supply, electricity supply, and urban transport projects such as BRTS.
• Increased supply of Housing Units.
• Better Social Infrastructure such as schools, graduation and post graduation level colleges producing skilled manpower and health care facilities such as hospitals, clininic etc.
• The proposed Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC), Dholera (Special Investment Region) and Gujarat International Finance Tech-city (GIFT) would fuel the growth of industrial and service sector respectively.
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Economic Growth Pattern of Ahmedabad
• Manufacturing: Emergence of Investment in industries such as Chemical (including pharma) and Petrochemical industries, metallurgy, engineering and Textiles industries. Further Investment in new area such as Dairy industries, clinical research and construction activities has emerged.
• Real Estate: Impetus to growth of real estate owing to growth in housing demand and commercial properties. Prestigious projects such as Sabarmati Riverfront Development, Kankaria lake Development, and BRTS would further provide impetus to real estate.
• Service Sector: Emergence of business enterprises as highest contributor in terms of employment and numbers. This is owing growth in banking and financial services, trade and tourism related services.
• Proposed DMIC and GIFT would fuel the manufacturing and service sector such as financial services, IT/ITES and retail malls.
1.1.7. STRETEGY FOR LEVERAGING GROWTH OF AHMEDABAD IN SANAND
• Strengthening Social Infrastructure and Service Deliveries: Better social infrastructure offering shall be the prerequisite condition for development of Satellite Town. As discussed earlier the concept of satellite town evolved to decongest the metropolitan town by reducing urban sprawl and providing alternate business center. It is observed that people expects social infrastructure such as schools and primary and secondary clinics/hospital close to their residential facilities. However generally people are ready to travel at longer distance for post graduation and tertiary health care. Sanand Town lacks quality educational institutes and emergency health care services at night. In spite of being a Taluka Place, its schools do not offer science stream and does not have any colleges. By improving Better Social infrastructure in terms of educational institutes and health care facilities , Sanand can be positioned to attract industrial houses to establish their town ships and able to produce skilled manpower. This can help to shift the Housing demand to Sanand Town and reduces the burden and prices of Housing units in Ahmedabad. Better social infrastructure played key role in development of Gurgaon.
• Strengthening Urban Transport Infrastructure: It is observed that People are ready to be located at a distance if efficient and low cost urban transit system is provided. Presently 10% of working population of Sanand Commuting to Ahmedabad for
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employment purpose and Students are commuting to Ahmedabad for availing educational services. All such people use either their private vehicle or GSRTC buses. There is no any urban transit system connecting both cities. The People commuting to Ahmedabad for availing specialized services such as education and recreation would likely to be increased once industrial house establish their residential townships and vice versa can also happen given the situation in which Sanand can provide employment of people of Ahmedabad.
• Increase spread of Government Canal for Irrigation: As discussed in the Economy section that only 49% of Sanand Taluka’s area and 73% of net sown area is irrigated. Out which almost half of the net sown area irrigated by Ponds and wells indicating need to increase coverage of Govt. canal. The land in Sanand Taluka is very fertile and increase irrigation can reap higher food grains in the Taluka. The spread of Government canal can be increased to take the higher land area under the irrigation.
• Creation of Land Bank for Industrial, Commercial and Residential purpose. Availability of cheap and adequate land is required to attract the investment. Creation of Land Bank for Industrial, Commercial and Residential purpose would help to attract the invest in all such segment which helps to realize the investment in hassle free environment.
Further the service sector such as IT/ITES, Banking and Financial Services and retail malls are employment intensive industries are requires quality real estate. The cheap rental of office space along with availability of skilled manpower would help to attract the service sector industries. Creation of large land bank would help to lower the real estate prices and efficient urban transport with Ahmedabad would help to ease in commuting and hence skilled manpower from the surrounding area can be made available.
• Promotion of GIDC
Sanand GIDC can reside 20 units, of which presently only two units has been established in the GIDC. By establishing better internal hard infrastructure, GIDC should be promoted as suitable investment destination. This would help to locate the MSME (Micro Small and Medium Size Enterprises) of the Textiles and chemical industries.
• Promotions of Industries and positioned Sanand as Logistic Hub to leverage the development of DMIC (Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor). It is observed from the
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upcoming investment and industrial units established during last few years that, Investment has been increased in Chemical (including pharmaceuticals) and Petrochemical industries, metallurgy, engineering and Textiles industries. These industries have been developed in Ahmedabad owing to presence of trade markets, proximity of ports and clustering effect. Situated in proximity of Ahmedabad, Sanand enjoys access to markets of Ahmedabad and strong connectivity with Kutch and Saurashtra ports. Sanand can leverage its strategic location by promoting it as industrial hub for textile, chemical, textile industries and EXIM based industries.
Development of DMIC would create demand of value added services such as basic fabrication, packaging etc to Central and Northern India‘s cargo going to Kutch and South Saurashtra based ports. The logistic park at Sanand satisfies this need. This park will also serve the prestigious Nano Projects and some other industries coming up in near future in this region.
• Create Recreation Facilities. Recreation facility improves the quality of life. Sanand does not have any cinemas/multiplex, quality hotels/ restaurants presently. Hence development of recreation facilities such as multiplexes, cinemas etc, restaurants and hotels would require providing impetus to Service Sector and this would increase employment.
• Strengthening of institutional capability of Municipality. Development of Sanand Town shall be proposed as independent satellite town. The main objective is to absorb pressures of settlement and industrial growth of Ahmedabad. This can be attained by providing higher quality of urban services such as water supply and treatment, sewerage treatment, and solid waste treatment, excellent social infrastructure of educational and health care facilities etc. All such services shall be attained by first adequate planning, conceptualizing the concept of projects, implementing and maintaining the social infrastructure projects. The success of above service deliveries depends on the institutional capacities of Municipalities. The above requirement demands competent processes and well trained, competent and motivated human resources. Thus regular planned training programme can be organized.
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2. Land use and Growth Dynamics
2.1. Background In case of Sanand, the developments in its adjoining region are the major contributing factors for population growth in Sanand. The distribution of the land use structures is a major phenomenon which controls the spread of the city as well as mobility within the city. This chapter explains the pattern of the spatial expansion of the city. 2.2. Spatial Extents of Sanand city Sanand Municipality has completed 123 years since its establishment in 1885. After the implementation of Panchayati Raj from 1st April 1963 Sanand Municipality was converted to Nagar Panchayat under the 1961 Gujarat Adhiniyam and the Revenue area of town untill then not vested in the municipality came to be vested in the Nagar Panchayat, thus making the revenue and municipal limits of the town co-terminus. In the process two hamlets (namely Gibpura and Laypara) situated away from the main town were also brought under the jurisdiction of the Nagar Panchayat making the total nagar panchayat area as 40.4 sq.km. After 15th April 1994, Sanand Nagarpalika was formed for the entire area of 40.4 sqkm.
Since its inception Sanand has grown with variations. It is apparent from the table below a boom in population during the 1960’s.
Table 2‐1 Population growth of Sanand Year Area (sq. km) Total Population % Decadal Density of SNP Growth (Per Sq.Km.) 1951 ‐ 10623 1961 ‐ 14315 34.75 354 1971 40.4 18985 32.64 470 1981 40.4 22465 18.33 556 1991 40.4 25674 14.28 635 2001 40.4 33687 26.26 834 2010 40.4 *50160 *48.9 *1241 Source: SNP and *Estimations
Sanand is medium size town and it is not easy to divide it into functional areas in view of its compactness and the history of its growth. The town has tended to develop radially in all directions with a commercial zone at its center. The development of town has not been by functional categories and a mixture of houses put to various uses may be found in all the wards. A problem of haphazard and mix land use development is visible. The changes in the land use distribution are discussed below.
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2.3. Land use Developments in 1997
The Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority is responsible for land use planning within Sanand Taluka limits. In 1997, only 8% (356 Ha) of the total area (4042 Ha) was developed. Considering the developed area, the density of Sanand was 72.11 persons / Ha. Old gamtal area was covered by mixed land-use comprising of residential, commercial and public purposes. The APMC, ginning factories and rice mills on the railway station road formed the commercial and industrial activities, while new residential developments were observed on the south of the State Highway No.17.
Table 2‐2 Land use Pattern in 1997 Sr. No. Use Area in Ha % of Developed Area 01 Residential including Gamtal 165 46.34 02 Commercial 18 5.05 03 Industrial 84 23.59 04 Public and Semi‐public spaces 51 14.32 05 Water Bodies 36 10.11 06 Transportation and communication 2 0.59 (Railways, Roads) 07 Total Developed area 356 ‐‐ 08 Remaining Area 3686 ‐‐ 09 Total Revenue Area 4042 ‐‐ Total 4042.00 100.00 Source: Revised Draft Development Plan of AUDA, 2011, Part II, November 1997
2.4. Land use Plan Proposed in the Development Plan 2011
The land use plan proposed in the DP 2011 of AUDA is given below.
Table 2‐3 Land Use Pattern Proposed in Development Plan 2011 Sr. No. Use Area in Ha % of Developed Area 01 Residential including Gamtal 1583 74.78 02 Commercial 34 1.61 03 Industrial 252 11.90 04 Public & Semi-public spaces (Garden. 25 1.18 Open Space) 05 Water Bodies (Tank and Water Ways) 62 2.92 06 Transportation and Communication 161 7.61 (Roads and Rails) 07 Total Developed Area 2117.00 08 Agriculture 1925 -- Total 4042.00 100.00
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The area of closed ginning mills originally designated for industrial use in the sanctioned development plan of 1987 was included in the residential zone in the revised development plan of 2011 ( Refer Map 3.1).
Draft Town Planning Schemes:
Looking at the future prospectus of developments, it was decided to plan the area by virtue of four Town Planning Schemes to be developed in the area. Unfortunately, the TP schemes are not implemented even today.
Table 2‐4 Details of Draft Town Planning Schemes Sanand Draft Town Planning (DTP) Scheme No Area in Hectares DTP Scheme NO. 1 542.00 DTP Scheme NO. 2 380.00 DTP Scheme NO. 3 120.00 DTP Scheme NO. 4 157.00 Source: Revised Draft Development Plan of AUDA, 2011, Part II, November 1997
Landuse in 1997 Proposed Landuse 2011 Residential including Gamtal Residential including Gamtal Commercial Commercial Industrial Industrial Public and Semi‐public spaces Garden. Open Space P&P.G. Water Bodies Transportation and Communication (Roads and Rails) Railways, Roads and Airport Tank and Water Ways 10% 1% 7% 3% 1% 12% 14% 46% 2%
24% 75% 5%
Source: Revised Draft Development Plan of AUDA, 2011, Part II, November 1997
It is apparent from the Figure 3.1 that Sanand town conceived as a ‘Growth Center’ of Ahmedabad, in the 2011 Development Plan prepared for AUDA area and hence about 52% of the total revenue area was planned to be developed with almost 75% of the area allocated for residential land use. Also, provisions were made for development of the industrial area and transportation and communication facilities. The population projected for Sanand Town as per the Development Plan 2011 is 1, 00,000 which is not achieved as per the current estimations available as of 2010. The reasons for the sluggish growth of the towns in spite of fast growth of
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Ahmedabad city may be due to less industrial developments in these centers along with the slow infrastructure and urban development.
2.5. Current Land Use Developments (Till 2009) in Sanand
A survey was conducted by AUDA in 2009 to review the current land use and developments. The table below shows the details of the same. It was found that the total developed area is increased by 90 Ha. There is considerable decrease in the industrial area. In 1997, 23.6 % of the developed area was occupied by industrial use, whereas now the industries occupy only 7.12% of the total developed area. (Refer Map 3.2)
Table 2‐5 Existing Land use 2009 Description Area in Hectares % of Total Developable area (1258.06 Ha) Gamtal 59.08 4.70 Low Rise Residential(Detached, Semidetached, Row house etc) 80.35 6.39 Low Rise Residential(Detached, Semidetached, Row house etc) & Education & Research 5.44 0.43 Mixed Low Rise Residential use(Appt. Type) (partly Residential & any other use) 32.34 2.57 Mixed Low Rise Residential use(Appt. Type) (partly Residential & any other use) & Education & Research 4.95 0.39 Retail Shopping, Shopping centre, Commercial centre 14.13 1.12 Retail Shopping, Shopping centre, Commercial centre & Religious centre 5.45 0.43 Service and Light Industry 30.08 2.39 Brick Kilns and Extractive Area 1.35 0.11 Educational And Research 4.00 0.32 Govt./Semi Govt./Public Offices 45.79 3.64 Slum type/Kachha/Unplanned/Informal Settlements Residential Use 12.37 0.98 Water Bodies(Ponds, Lakes, Canals, natural Drainage etc) 63.28 5.03 Transportation & Communication 130.00 10.33 Remaining Area 3553.40 Total Area 4042.00 Source: Survey conducted by AUDA, 2009
Table 2‐6 Comparison of Existing Land use 1997 and 2009 Sr. Use 1997 (Area % Developed 2009 (Area in % Developed No. in Ha) Area Ha) Area 1 Residential including 165 46.3 194.53 Gamtal 39.8 2 Commercial 18 5.1 19.58 4 3 Industrial 84 23.6 31.43 6.4
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4 Public and Semi-public 51 14.3 49.79 spaces 10.2 5 Water Bodies 36 10.1 63.28 12.9 6 Transportation and 2 0.6 130 communication (Railways, Roads) 26.6 7 Total Developed area 356 100 488.6 100 8 Remaining Area 3686 3553.4 9 Total Revenue Area 4042 4042 Source‐ CEPT Analysis
Figure 2.2 Percentage of Developed area
60.0 It can be observed from the above table that the city
50.0 expanding along the major transport corridors: Area 40.0 1. Sanand-Viramgam SH No. 17
30.0 2. Sanand-Nalsarovar Road and 3. Sanand-Bavla Road SH No. 135 Developed
20.0 of The city is experiencing haphazard development
% 10.0 mainly in the form on mixed residential and 0.0 institutional as well as commercial activities spread 1997 2009 2011 Existing Existing Proposed along the Viramgam state highway. The area covered under the water bodies (21.97 Ha) is decreasing compared to its use in 1997 (36 Ha) as a result of encroachments along the bank of the lakes especially along the ‘Gaurav Path’. Removing these encroachments situated in the catchment area should be done on priority basis for their conservation.
2.6. Recent Developments in the Region and Its Impacts
The advantageous location of Sanand as far as industrial developments are concerned has motivated setting up of Special Investment Regions (SIR) in its surroundings. About, 12 km from the Sanand city, is the Tata’s Nano small car manufacturing plant. The other developments such as Changodar SIR and Sanand SIR are under planning stage by GIDC and can be seen as the major developments catering to increased employment opportunities.
About 4.28 km of the Dedicated Freight Corridor passes through Sanand Taluka.
All these developments will be the major factors contributing towards high population growth.
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2.7. Impact on Land Prices Annual Statement of Rates (ASR) / Jantry Rates
Sanand Taluka is covered under the AUDA village area jantry. The jantry rates are prepared in 2006. It was found during the field surveys that the sudden escalation in market rates was observed only after the declaration of setting up of Tata Small Car Manufacturing (Nano) plant in Sanand i.e. since 2009. The official rates of properties as per jantry of the area are given in the table below:
Table 2‐7 Jantry rates in Sanand Revenue Area Rates in Rs Per Square Yard Zones Developed Residential Offices Shops Agricultural Open Building Plots Land 63/0/1 Along SH 17 1792.5 5975 9560 17925 418 63/0/2 Area between 1434 5975 8365 14340 286 Sanand-Bavla Road and Gibpura Gam 63/0/3 Area along both side 1195 5975 8365 14340 239 of Nalsarovar Road Sanand Sanand Gamtal 1792.5 5975 10755 21510 -- Gamtal Gibpura Gibpura Gamtal 597.5 4780 5975 11950 -- Gamtal Source: AUDA Jantry, (Draft) 2006
Major impact is observed in the form of escalating land rates in the city especially along the Sanand-Viramgam State Highway (No. 17). Since the city has been declared as a ‘Satellite town’ of Ahmedabad city, the land rates are increased by almost 500-1000 Rs. per Sq. Yard. The land parcels along the state highway cost about Rs. 7000-8000 per Sq. yard now. (Refer Map 3.3)
2.8. Population Growth and Projection As per UDPFI (Urban Development Plans Formulation & Implementation Guide lines) (GOI) density of developed towns can be considered as follows:-
Settlement Type Density Persons per hectare (pph) In plain areas Small towns 75-125 Medium Towns 100-150 Large Cities 100-150 Metro Cities 125-175 As Sanand is a medium developed town, density per ha. can be considered as 100 & 150 for year 2026 & year 2041.
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Table 2‐8 Current population of Sanand Year Residential Properties Commercial properties Population 2001 7360 33687 2010* 10960 2920 50164 Source CEPT Analysis
*The current population for 2010 is calculated by multiplying the base year 2001 population by the ratio of number of properties in these two years.
Table 2‐9 Assumptions for population density and Projections for 2031 Area in Ha Population Density Population Projections for 2031 Persons / Ha Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 High Medium Low High Medium Low TPS Area 1199 130 120 100 155870 143880 119900 Gamtal 42 150 140 100 6300 5880 4200 Area Total 1241 131 121 100 162170 149760 124100 Area (average) (average) (average) Rounded off to 163000 150000 125000 Source CEPT Analysis
The population projections were done for three different scenarios, assuming different densities of population. The medium growth scenario 2 is taken as the final population growth scenario. Thus the population for the year 2031 is 149760, rounded off to 150000. Following table gives the population projections for 2017, 2021 and 2031.
Table 2‐10 Population Projections Year Population Actual Growth Growth Rate (%) 1951 10623 1961 14315 3692 34.8 1971 18985 4670 32.6 1981 22465 3480 18.3 1991 25674 3209 14.3 2001 33687 8013 31.2 2010 50164 16477 48.9 2017* 70000 19836 39.5 2021* 98000 28000 40.0 2031* 150000 52000 53.1 Source: Census Data and* Projections
2.9. Issues • Developments concentrated along the transport corridors: Developments along the major roads create traffic congestion on roads especially during the peak hours.
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Especially the issues such as ‘parking’ are not given importance, thus contributing towards road congestion. • Delay in the completion of Town Planning Schemes: Delay in the completion and implementation of the town planning schemes has may lead to haphazard development of the area in future. • Congestion on the main market road: Uncontrolled commercial development and lack of parking space contributes to the congestion along the main market road of the city. As there is no reserved space and specified day for hawkers (street vendors), they occupy major portion of the road throughout the year. • Encroachments along the Lakes: Encroachments in the open space along the Bhadreti lake and other two lakes can be observed. This hampers the natural drainage system of the area. This becomes one of the issues to be resolved on priority basis since the untreated waste water of the city also goes to be lakes. • Escalating Land prices: The land prices along the state highway have been increased by about Rs. 1000-1500 per Sq. Yard in last one year. The escalating prices create a gap in the income and affordability of households thus creating disparity in different classes of the society. • Stagnant Industrial growth in the Region: The Taluka does not have any natural resource base. Except agro-products such as cotton, paddy and tobacco, large population of the Taluka does not possess any other resources like minerals or forest products. A package of incentives for encouragement of industries in the state is available to small scale units commissioned in particular areas which exclude Sanand city.
2.10. Strategies
Many areas of the city are still lying vacant, unexplored probably due to lack of infrastructure facilities such as water supply, sewerage, road developments, and streetlight. These areas can be encouraged for to develop industrial units as well as new residential development, so as to reduce congestion in the Gamtal area. Development of TP Schemes is a mutually benefitting method for land development. AUDA has already planned four TP Schemes which are in draft stage and need to be developed with priority. This will also control illegal developments which might take place in absence of such schemes.
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Improved public transportation routes in Sanand that will offer residents more alternatives, traffic patterns to ensure smooth traffic flow in the area and a better connectivity to nearby towns and cities.
Development Planning Proposals:
Large areas of lands have been reserved for township development in and around Sanand especially on the road towards Nal Sarovar which is being released for real estate developments. It is required to provide the infrastructure facilities such as roads, electricity, water supply, etc. to create more demand for these land parcels.
The two upcoming Special Investment Regions (Sanand SIR and Changodar SIR) will act as pull factor for migration from the surrounding region. As Sanand town is located in the influence region of both of these SIR’s, it can be anticipated that it will be a preferred destination for residence if provided with good social infrastructure facilities such as schools, hospitals and communication facilities. Hence it becomes vital to provide adequate infrastructural facilities at Sanand.
With a view to develop Sanand as a satellite town it is essential to develop local commercial centers in Sanand which will create employment opportunities for the local people.
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3. Environmental Services
4.1. Water Supply
Planning for water supply in Sanand town needs to take care of sustainable water management practices. The context of current culture and practices must be weighed together in Technological, Environmental, Economic and Social factors for sustainable solutions. This chapter tries to analyze the current situation, identify gaps in the system and develop strategies for the same.
4.2.1. Present Scenario
Source:
The present source of water supply for Sanand is town is ground water through tube wells about 16 in nos. Currently around 4 MLD of water is being supplied from ground water.
There are issues about quality of ground water. Quality testing of ground water indicates that, out of 16 tube wells, quality of water in several tubes is not potable with dissolved solids in most tube wells reaching near to the maximum permitted levels. For instance, water in only four tube wells seems to be potable with a TDS between 1236 and 1494. In remaining tube well the TDS is 1950 against the limit of 2000.
A scheme based on Narmada Canal near Telav Village is planned by GWSSB. The present allocation for Sanand town is 6.5 Mld. Currently about 6.5 MLD is being supplied through this source. Remaining water is supplied to Sanand Town through Tube well having depth of 250 m. with pumping machinery. The Water Requirement as per the population projections worked out is Table 3‐1 Water demand Year Population Water Supplied in Demand in MLD GAP in MLD MLD (@140 Lpcd) 2010 50164 6.5+4 7.0 +3.5 2025 100000 10.5 14 ‐ 4 2040 200000 10.5 28 ‐17.5 Source: SNP and authors analysis
From the above it can be seen that the water supply allocation is adequate for the present demand however there will be a deficit in the near future. Thus there is a gap of 14.5 MLD in water availability from source. This deficit has to be filled up through water supply schemes. Efforts are on to augment the water supply from Narmada to about 14.5 MLD. However, dependence on Narmada water during the irrigation months is doubtful.
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Storage and Pumping Arrangement:
The present storage comprises Existing Sump of 10 lakh litres at Shankarwadi HW and existing ESR of 2.2 lakh litres at the same location. Also there are two existing sumps of 5 and 10 lakh litres at Mahadev Head works. For the Highway zone a 10 lakh litre sump and 12 lakh litre capacity ESR’s is existing. Further 30 lakh litres of storage is proposed under the present scheme under implementation. The total storage capacity in Sanand is 9.3 MLD.
Distribution Network:
The city has been divided into two Zones for water distribution (Refer Map 4.1)-
1. Shankarwadi zone -Nalsarovar sub zone, Shankarwadi sub zone 2. Highway Zone- Kotla road sub zone, Highway road sub zone
The distribution network in Sanand ranges from 10- 30 years old. The gamtal i.e. the old city area network is about 30 years old. The water losses in current distribution network are about 20-25%. The present distribution network is very old and inadequate and hence a new distribution network of DI and PVC lines in a length of about 30 km is proposed to be laid as under
Table 3‐2 Proposed distribution network Phas Name of sub Pipeline required (Length in meter) e work DI K7 PVC 6kg/cm2 400mm 350m 300m 250m 200m 200m 160m 140m 110m 90m m m m m m m m m m 1 Distribution - 193 1080 1249 862 1212 1914 979 1203 2952 highway road ESR 2 Distribution - 220 94 522 736 1149 948 Shankarwadi ESR Old town 3 Distribution - 832 3680 317 146 Shankarwadi ESR hamlet 4 Distribution - 30 1334 442 53 810 188 740 249 Mahadev temple ESR Nalsarovar sub zone ESR 5 Distribution - 45 2316 219 1406 305 548 791 Mahadev temple ESR
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ESR - Vadnagar, Madhavnagar area Grand Total 193 30 2459 4227 862 2410 8332 2525 3786 4940 Source: SNP and authors analysis
The implementation of 4 TP schemes will add another 40-60 km of road network which will necessitate provision of additional pipe network.
The design of the distribution network will depend on the hours of supply. At present it seems that the system is designed for 2 hours of supply. The old gamtal area is covered fully by piped water supply from the various overhead tanks located in the city which also caters to the water supply in the town. Since the T.P. Schemes have not been developed yet the provision for this area will be curtail and needs to be planned envisaging the kind of development. AUDA is proposing the TP Schemes with major proportion of area in R1 Zone. As per Sanand Nagar Palika 100% population is covered under the piped water supply where as only the gamtal areas and the area near the main roads in the TP Schemes is covered with piped water supply and needs to extend to the whole TP Scheme area.
The town of Sanand does not have any metering system at the moment, with the development of the town as a major residential area the water supply DPR has proposed metering system for the town and also improvement in the quality of water by treatment at the head works and also installing some treatment options for the ground water for removal of TDS.
4.2.2. Issues and Gaps 1. Inadequate allocation at source considering population projection for the next 30 years.
2. Ground water quality is not acceptable and hence if ground water source needs to be exploited proper investigation to be carried out to ensure adequate quality and quantity of ground water availability.
3. Inadequate treatment and transmission capacity from source to the various distribution stations.
4. Inadequate storage capacities – both underground and overhead.
5. Inefficient Distribution Network.
4.2.3. Strategies 1. Sanand Nagar Palika needs to develop additional water supply sources. While Narmada allocation is an option, full availability the water from Narmada in the irrigation months and
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in lean summer months is difficult. On the contrary, enough water is available during monsoon season. Presently there is no system to store the water available in the Narmada Canal beyond the canal capacity and thus water available cannot be utilized in later months. Thus there needs to be a system to store the excess water available from Narmada during the monsoon period.
2. Large storage capacities could be developed for Narmada water storage at a location identified by AUDA/GoG. The storage requirement being large, underground or overhead storage cannot be applied. Thus there may be the need to develop /maintain a lakes/ reservoir at the location. Further currently during monsoon there is a water runoff of overflow from Thor Lake to the three Sanand lakes to the Nal Sarovar lake. If this water can be trapped at Sanand, it could become useful for sourcing. The above arrangement for lake/reservoir at a location near the Narmada Canal could also help in this function of trapping the run off.
3. Treatment options for ground water need to be looked into carefully for future needs for removal mainly TDS.
4. Rain water harvesting techniques at the household level need to be incorporated in the New TP scheme areas.
5. Additional overhead and underground storage requirement for normal distribution functions considering the requirements of 2040. This can be provided in a phase wise manner to co- inside with development.
6. Additional distribution of network of 40-50 km for the Town planning schemes. The distribution network should be designed considering the future development of Town Planning schemes. The network should be designed to facilitate the provision of DMA (District Metering Areas) with measurement capability with flow meters so as to monitor flows. Consumer end metering should also be considered. This will help in reduce UFW.
7. Rationalization of connection charges for optimum recovery and metering where possible.
8. Upgrading the maintenance system and improvement in management practices, survey needs to be undertaken for the age of network. Regular maintenance schedules need to be worked out. Detailed maps need to be prepared for each zone. A detailed operation and maintenance plan to be prepared which includes end user operation and maintenance analysis , performance analysis of the system - benchmarking, and service level delivery including customer service, quality, reliability, safety and costs.
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4.2. Sewerage
4.3.1. Existing Situation There is no systematic sewerage system as well as sewage treatment and disposal system at all in Sanand town. Thus, the sewage from these areas of Sanand is being discharged into soak pits, septic tanks and open fields, which pollute the existing ground water table as well as the soil of this area. The open drains near the village site, gives odour nuisance and have become mosquito – breeding areas, resulting into spreading of malaria as well as other water - borne diseases. The raw sewage seeped in the soil can find its way into leaky water supply mains, thus causing heavy risk to the health of people, living in the surrounding area. The sewage further contaminates the water of canal, pond also. The untreated sewage discharged into open fields creates problems with crops and also field soil and also unhygienic conditions and nuisance for the people living in the area. Assuming that the waste water generated is 80% of water supplied the city currently produces around 4.8 MLD of sewage. This will increase as suggested in the table below
Figure 3‐1 Waste Water generated Year Population Water Supplied in MLD Waste Water (@140 Lpcd) generated in MLD 2010 50164 6 4.8 2025 100000 14 11.2 2040 200000 28 22.4 Source: Authors analysis
Currently there are 12 public toilets that cater to the needs of the urban poor. The city would need more facility in this regard.
4.3.2. Issues • Lack of a proper sewage system for the city • Increase in the risk of contamination of groundwater sources. • Need for public toilets for the urban poor in the city.
4.3.3. Strategies • The current system of disposal is inadequate considering the size of the city. This can also lead to contamination of ground water which the city is dependent on in the current situation. A detailed project report needs to be made considering the increase in population and new TP schemes coming up. 100% area and population needs to be covered under the system along with the provision of a STP for safe disposal. • The distribution network needs to be planned keeping in mind the TP scheme road layout and the project will progress once the TP scheme layout is made.
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• A proper STP is required for the city catering to the demands of 2040. Sanand also poses a challenge in disposal of treated waste and hence the water treated can be recycled and used for nearby industrial use thereby generating revenue. The gas produced as a result of Sewage can be used as an energy efficient model to run the infrastructure. Hence innovative ideas of recycling need to be explored.
4.3. Storm Water Drainage
4.4.1. Existing Situation Out of the total area of Sanand of about 40.42 sq km, about 12.5 sq km area is likely to develop as a urban area in the next 40 years with a projected population of 2, 00,000.
The topography of Sanand town is such that ground levels are fairly even. The entire drainage of the area is toward Nal Sarovar. The city of Sanand has open storm water drains which carry the waste water from the kitchen and bathroom of the city and drain it into the three lakes without any treatment.
A Storm Water Disposal system has to be designed such using the Lakes of the area as detention water bodies with overflows in the natural drains towards Nal sarovar. The lakes have to be cleaned and developed properly such that no pollution enters the lake. Currently the Strom water drains are only located in the Gamtal area of the town and this needs to extend to the T.P. Scheme areas. Around 40 Km of road network will be developed in the TP Scheme areas and hence the main Storm water drainage lines need to be constructed alongside.
4.4.2. Issue This practice of disposal poses a big threat of contamination of water in the lakes. The issue is even more sensitive as water from these lakes drain into Nal Sarovar which is an eco sensitive area and hence the city poses a threat to the migratory birds that come to Nal Sarovar every year.
The disposal of water into the city lakes also effects the urban environment and since this water is used by nearby farmers for agriculture, this can lead to contamination of food and vegetables.
4.4.3. Strategy The waste water needs to be routed through the sewerage system of the city to avoid pollution of the lakes. Sewerage system designed should take care of this aspect as well.
The storm water drains should be provided on the city especially in the new areas to avoid water logging in the city at the time of heavy rains. The natural drainage of the city needs to be considered while designing the system.
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A piped storm water drainage network along the major roads is suggested to ensure no water logging during the rains thus ensuring minimal economic losses due to heavy rainfall.
4.4. Solid Waste
It has been felt at all levels in the country to have our cities and towns cleaner, with human dignity in all work, and therefore the effort which is required to be put into its resourcing and management.
It will be quite unwise to say that no or zero Solid Waste Management system exists in the city. Rather as we all understand, the present system of sweeping, waste collection and dumping, which is need based and ad-hoc in nature, requires efficiency and systemic improvements. There is a heavy dependence on human (resources) based systems. All these require assistance of scientific, technological and managerial techniques.
4.4.1. Current Scenario
The city of Sanand generated and disposes about 10.96 Tonnes per day. Current per capita per day waste generation for the city is about 0.2 kg/capita / day. The waste is collected on a door to door collection basis everyday and dumped without treatment near Madhavnagar in Sanand City. Composition of waste Figure 3‐2 Composition of Waste Table 3‐3 % Composition of Waste Type % Content
Combustible 5.63 (Wood) Combustible (Wood) Recyclable 1 Recyclable 0.75 Paper 7.5 Paper 6.25 1 1.25 5.63 1 7.5 Plastic 5.62 2.25 Plastic 5.62 Metal 8.75 Metal Glass 4.37 8.75 Glass Brick stone 55.63 55.63 Brick stone Food waste 2.25 4.37 Food waste Vegetable 1.25 Vegetable Cloth and 6.25 Cloth and fabric fabric Ash 1 Ash Miscellaneous 0.75 Miscellaneous Total 100
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Note the total construction waste for the town is the biggest contributor, and is a revenue generation opportunity. It is estimated that by 2030 the waste generated will be 31.5 tonnes per day. In view of the above the population of the town is estimated to increase by three times hence it’s necessary to look into practices for both collection and treatment. Sanand is still to make an organized effort towards solid waste management and in view of this it will be a good idea to look into the private sector to raise the standards of health, sanitation and urban environment keeping pace with the rapid urbanization and growing population in the Satellite town to Ahmedabad.
4.4.2. Current Capacities and Management System
Door to door collection system is well established, this method has a larger dependence on human systems rather than mechanization. A recent Survey of 16418 households, estimated that door to door waste collection of whole Nagar Palika is 95% however the efficiency of the system itself in terms of reliability of collection is a problem.
There is a proposal under the cluster development scheme by the government of Gujarat to develop a common landfill disposal site for Sanand, Bavla and -----
Lack of capacities regarding Operations and Management currently affect the concerned civic department, otherwise the system can easily see improvements
4.4.3. Waste disposal Municipal Solid waste Disposal site is near Madhavnagar (survey no. 142, 144, 2151) with a total area - 41,988 sqm (Refer Map 4.2). The total waste disposed off per day is 10 ton per day. This is lower than the waste that is generated, and in future needs to be included in strategies.
No treatment facilities exist, but can be brought into picture with partnership investments of private players.
Toxic and Hazardous waste
It must be noted that general toxic and hazardous waste is yet to be accounted for. Larger quantity of very highly toxic or hazardous waste is subject to individuals own accountability and the current legal provisioning.
At the Household and community levels, the minute quantities of toxic waste end up at landfill sites or is incinerated, rather than carefully handled. This needs safe disposal.
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Current Impact on Rural biodiversity The rural cattle and flora fauna, typical to the Indian context is subjected to non-biodegradable waste, and the issue needs attention.
One example is of fly tipping of plastic waste and construction waste accumulating in one area, forming a heap.
4.4.4. Issues • No segregation of waste in the current practice. • There is a lack of scientific disposal site of for waste. • Location of waste site is close to the canal and hence there is a need for a sanitary landfill site.
4.4.5. Strategies Vision for Sanand to be a sustainable and healthy city requires waste management principles. The principals of Three R- Reduce, Reuse and Recycle need to be applied.
Investment is needed from the Nagar Palika in areas such as:
• Recycling
• Composting
• Incinerating
• Landfill dumping.
The concept of capacity building and technology transfer/adopted are important. Domestic waste can be disposed off more creatively like using wormiculture or if the waste has calorifc values, brickets can be made as it is already done by AMC.
Composting : Another innovative approach can also be explored for Sanand, since the waste is transported by trucks, half (50% to 60%) of the weight is organic matter which can be handled using various methods like vermiculture and only the remaining waste can be transported to the respective disposal sites. This will also help in tapping lot of dry tree waste which generally in the present system is burnt at source itself. Also, since the transportation cost will go down, the investment can be justified in long run.
Recycle: Since construction waste is highest, proposing a system like Crusher to recycle the construction waste and use it as coarse or fine aggregate back in construction. This is already under consideration by AMC and other MCs. Bombay has deployed a successful plant for the
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same. Government can allocate land for the above systems and investment can come from the private players. As an immediate step Sanand Nagar Palika can allocate space for dumping construction and levy charges for dumping of this waste. Since a lot of construction is going on in Sanand steps need to me made to ensure water sprinkling is made mandatory at all the construction sites.
Invite Private Public Partnership projects as a priority, and subsequent consultations and dealings. Many private ventures would find it easy to operate once given a regulatory framework to perform and profits. Some identified projects are:
a. Educating people to segregate waste at source.
b. Safety and protective gear for people working as cleaners and sweepers etc., at Sanand.
c. Upgrading existing systems such as enclosed bins, transportation trucks, identification and building of waste sites etc.
d. Building infrastructure for green and dignified waste management systems. A secured land fill site has to be developed with proper scientific and engineering liners at bottom.
e. Composting of green waste and vermiculture. This can also lead to revenue generation.
f. Ensuring bio medical waste from the hospitals is incinerated.
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4. Traffic and Transportation
5.1. Introduction
The city is well connected by road and rail transport. Several State Highways pass through the city. As a result traffic coming to as well as passing through the city is very high. The citizens rely on the GSRTC buses or on personal vehicle for commuting to Ahmedabad which is 24 km away from the city. Thus, the dependence on individual modes and intermediate public transport is high. This chapter describes the importance of location of the city and its connectivity in the region, current system of transportation and issues and future requirements.
5.2. Road Network
Connectivity plays an important role in deciding the current traffic pattern as well as future demands of the city. Sanand is a regional transport node which connects four major state highways in Ahmedabad district as mentioned in the table below. The road network forms a radial pattern of network. This leads to congestion of the core city area where all the roads meet. Due to the current development along the major roads there is lack in hierarchy in the system. The roads in the gamtal area are very narrow and there are encroachments along the Main Market road that leads to APMC market. (Refer Map 5.1)
Table 4‐1 Details of Road Network Sr.No. Road Name SH Length in Number KM State Highways 1 Ahmedabad-Sanand-Viramgam Road 17 26.00 2 Mankol-Maliyav Road 74 6.30 3 Maliyav-Zolapur Road 74 6.70 4 Sanand-Chekhala-Kadi Road 135 11.60 5 Sanand-Bavla Road 135 38.00 6 Ambli-Bopal Road 144 17.60 7 Ambli-Bopal-Ghuma-Sanand Road B 8.15 8 Sanand Diversion Road B 3.20 9 Vasajda Kalol Road 3.00 Major District Road 10 Sanand-Viramgam SH 17 to Zolapur-Maliyav-Mankol Road 9.00 11 Kerala Kaila Shahpur Road 3.60 Other District Road 12 Virochannagar Dodar Road 5.30 Village Road 13 Chacharwadi Vasna Road 3.60 14 Govinda Approach Road 2.70
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15 Maliyav Melasan Road 2.37 16 Melasan Daduka Road 6.20 17 Vasna Iyava Road 0.30 Source: R&B Department
The AUDA Development Plan, 1997 planned Sanand City as One of the four Growth Centers (Kalol, Dehgam, Sanand and Mohamedabad) of Ahmedabad city, which would attract rural population in the nearby areas and thus reducing migration pressure on Ahmedabad. Due to proximity to Ahmedabad and being a transport node, Sanand got integrated with the regional transport network.
5.3. Rail
Sanand is also connected by rail to the mother city Ahmedabad; there are four trains that run every day between Ahmedabad and Sanand.
Table 4‐2 Train Details and time Train Name Onward Journey Return Journey Ahmedabad to Sanand Sanand to Ahmedabad Depart Arrive Depart Arrive Saurashtra Mail 05:15 05:48 21:45 22:25 Okha Passanger 11:55 12:43 12:33 13:35 Sau Janta Exp 02:30 03:03 19:26 20:10 Saurashtra Exp 20:05 20:59 05:12 06:00 Source: Indian Railway
As a part of the integrated mobility plan there are plans to connect Sanand with Ahmedabad through regional rail to improve the connectivity in the region.
5.4. Traffic
The traffic count data of the state highways collected by the Road and building department is given in the table below. The survey was conducted at 6 locations on the state highway. (Refer Map 5.2).
All roads have witnessed increase in number of personal and commercial vehicles. A sudden escalation in PCU and commercial vehicles is observed mainly on the Sanand- Kadi Road and the Ambli-Bopal-Ghuma-Nidhraj-Sanand Road in last two years. A lot of congestion is witnessed on the road leading to the APMC market which is worsened with an overall lack of parking space in the city.
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Figure 4‐1 Traffic counts 16000 8000 14000 7000 12000 6000 CV/Day
CV/Day 10000 5000 amd
8000
amd 4000
6000 Day 3000
Day
/
/ 4000 2000
PCU 2000 PCU 1000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
PCU/Day CV/Day PCU/Day CV/Day
Ahmedabad –Viramgam Road Bavla‐Mankol‐Makhiyav‐Zolapur Road 12000 16000
10000 14000 12000 CV/Day 8000 CV/Day
10000 amd 6000 amd 8000
Day
/
6000 Day
4000 / 4000 PCU
2000PCU 2000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 PCU/Day CV/Day PCU/Day CV/Day
Sanand‐Nalsarover Road Bavla‐Sanand Road 20000 50000
15000 40000 CV/Day CV/Day
30000 amd amd 10000 Day Day 20000 / /
5000
PCU PCU 10000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sanand‐Chekhla‐Kadi‐ Road NH 8C TO Ambli‐Bopal‐Ghuma‐Nidhraj‐Sanand Road
Source: R&B Department
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A detailed study of the traffic pattern on each road within the city especially in the Gamtal area should be conducted to assess the situation of congestion.
5.5. Public Transport
Sanand is about 45 minutes drive from Ahmedabad and there is a regular bus service provided by GSRTC at an interval of half an hour daily. Apart from this the four rail services mentioned in the above section are also used by the public to commute to Ahmedabad. Apart from this people also rely on the shared auto service that is also available between Sarkhej and Sanand. There is a need to improve the public transportation system between Sanand and Ahmedabad and for it to grow as a good residential city.
5.6. Accident
• Almost 80% of the accidents in Sanand City are reported on the Sanand-Viramgam Highway. In spite of comparative decrease in total number of accidents, it can be observed that on an average 2-3 accident occur every month in Sanand City. There is a lack of street lighting on the city roads which leads to increase in accidents during night time as suggested by the stakeholders and the complaints registered.
Figure 4‐2 Number of Registered Accidents in Sanand City Year Fatal Serious Minor Accident Without Injury
2005 14 6 14 5 2006 4 2 26 6 2007 9 5 19 11 2008 3 3 14 2 2009 6 5 15 4 Source: Sanand Police Station, 2010
Provision of service lane on both sides of state highway could help in reducing the number accidents. Also, as recorded in the stakeholder consultation conducted by AUDA in 2009, the residents demand a ‘fly-over road’ on this state highway near the Bus-stand junction. However this situation can be avoided by a provision of a ring road for the city in the TP Schemes.
5.7. Current and proposed Projects
GSRDC has identified Ahmedabad-Viramgam-Maliya as a high density corridor connecting Ahmedabad and Maliya. This highway passes through Sanand and will impact the city. The construction has already been started on this stretch.
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There is another proposal that has been submitted to GIDC for creation of a transport Nagar in Sanand which will act as a major logistic hub for goods movement in the region.
AUDA is currently working on a study for the preparation of an Integrated Mobility Plan for Greater Ahmedabad Region, identifying nodes and interchange options for the various modes that are proposed for the region.
5.8. Major Issues
• Congestion on the major highways: The Viramgam State Highway No. 17 is an important road having PCU count of 13020 (2009). As this road passes through the Sanand city it is used for the local trips also. The Sanand Bus Stand is also located on this highway.
• The local trips create congestion on the State highway. Lack of allotted parking space causes chaotic traffic on this stretch. Service lane along both side of the state highway will help in streamlining the traffic on state highway.
• The citizens of Sanand are dependent on Ahmedabad as far as accessibility of good educational institutes and good health facilities are concerned. There is a need for a public transport system between Ahmedabad and Sanand.
• Bypass system for the city is also required keeping into account the number of vehicles on the main Ahmedabad - Viramgam highway and the Bavla - Kadi Highway.
• There is a lack of Hierarchy in the network- no sub arterial, collector Roads which leads to the traffic merging into the arterial roads creating congestion.
• Lack of street lighting on city roads.
• It is foremost essential that the traffic going towards and coming from APMC market should have a better and direct accessibility to all the State Highways without disturbing the local traffic wherever possible, which at present creates a bottle neck situation.
5.9. Strategy
Transportation and connectivity holds the key to the development of Sanand as a successful satellite town. The vision is to develop it as a residential town for the industrial development that is taking place in the region and also to release the pressure of Ahmedabad.
The following strategies have been identified –
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1. Development of proper road hierarchy in the TP schemes areas. Road hierarchy to be 60m, 45m, 35m and 30m so as to incorporate the future transportation needs. 2. Development of a ring road which will act bypass to the city and reduce congestion on the main road. 3. Development of a Public transportation system between Sanand and Ahmedabad. Private operators can be allowed to run the system. In the longer run provision of extension of the proposed BRTS from Sarkhej to Sanand may also be taken into consideration. 4. Provision of parking areas especially near the APMC market. To cater trucks and trailers. 5. There is also a need for developing intra city transportation options once the TP schemes come up. Along with this the roads sections in the TP schemes need to incorporate footpaths as the town itself is compact.
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5. Urban Poor and Housing According to Census of India, 2001, the slum areas broadly constitute of; All specified areas notified as 'Slum' by State/Local Government and UT Administration under any Act; All areas recognized as 'Slum' by State/Local Government and UT Administration which may have not been formally notified as slum under any Act; or A compact area of at least 300 populations or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities. Slums are the agglomeration of unhygienic shelters arranged in congested manner without appropriate integral facilities like drinking water, roads, street lights and drainage being provided. Thus, conceptually slums are compact overcrowded residential areas (and not isolated or scattered dwellings) unfit for habitation due to lack of one or more of the basic infrastructure like drinking water, sanitation, electricity, sewerage, streets etc. These squatters are actually like blot on the urban panorama and also create unhygienic and dismal squalid environment and act as the source of spreading diseases in the city.
6.1. Urban Poor in Sanand City
The Slum population in the city is very low however with the increase in the economic activity and availability of employment the number of migrant labour is on the increase as evident from the table below.
Table 5‐1 Slum Profile Details 2009 2001 Total Population of SNP 50160* 33687 Number of Households 10550 8150 Total BPL Families 3661 4153 Number of slum pockets (2009) 2 11** Population living in slums 363 9075** Land ownership wise slum distribution in wards No Welfare schemes for slums / urban poor No *Estimation ** Source GUDC There were 11 slum pockets identified in Sanand city till the year 2008. In 2009 two slum pockets have been located. So far there are no welfare schemes implemented by the Sanand Nagar Palika for urban poor. The percentage of people living in slums is negligible however 7.2% of the families are BPL.
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5.1.1. Basic Amenities Distribution in City
Table 5‐2 Basic Amenities Distribution in City Amenities in City 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 Private water taps 6660 6150 5780 5200 4980 Private Toilets 6320 5630 5295 5103 4780 Separate Electricity connection 6166 Number of public toilets 10 8 6 6 6 Number of stand posts 8 8 12 18 22 Source: SNP
It can be observed from the above data that there is lack of public toilet facility in the city. The number of private toilets is 6320 whereas only 10 Public Toilets have been provided by Sanand Nagar Palika. More than 4000 Households lack private toilet facility increasing the risk of diseases in the city. In view of the upcoming developments, Sanand City will attract migratory labours in the future which may generate more informal settlements that need to be catered to while planning for the city. Sanand housing stock comprises of the following type of structures as given in the table below which clearly indicates the rise in informal settlements in the city. Table 5‐3 Housing Pattern in the City Type of House Number of Houses (2009) Pucca House 3500 Semi-pucca Houses 6000 Kuchha Houses 800 Thatch (Zhopadu) 250 Total 10550 Source: City Disaster Management Plan, Sanand
6.2. Housing
Almost 446 households were allotted houses under different schemes completed by Gujarat Housing board during 1995-2001 and by Rural Housing Board during 1990-1995. The details of which are given below:
Table 5‐4 Housing Provided by Gujarat Housing Board (Constructed during 1995‐2001) Sr. No. Name of Colony Number of Houses Type of Scheme 1 Harekrishna Park 50 LIG (2RK) 2 Gayatri Park 103 LIG (1R) 3 Karan Nagar 53 MIG (3RK) 4 Narayan Nagar 75 LIG (1R) Total 281 Source: SNP, Note: R‐Room, K‐Kitchen
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Table 5‐5 Housing Provided by Gujarat Rural Housing Board (Constructed during 1990‐95) Sr. No. Name of Colony Number of Houses Type of Scheme 1 Vaghela Park 60 LIG (2RK) 2 Bhavnath Park 55 LIG (1R) 3 Vivekanand Park 50 MIG (3RK) Total 165 Source: SNP, Note: R‐Room, K‐Kitchen
Currently, two slum pockets can be identified in the Sanand Nagar Palika area. As per the information available from SNP, some of the households staying in these slum pockets have been allotted houses in one of the above schemes. But probably they prefer not to move away from their original place due to its proximity to the place of work. (Refer Map 6.1)
Real Estate Market in Sanand
Real estate market in the Sanand Town is dominated by increase supply of Housing units presently. The demand of Housing units generated mainly from specific income group who sold their land to industrial houses. Further perception of investor regarding strong future housing demand from employees of specific industrial houses also contributed in housing unit demand in Sanand Town. These two key facts provided impetus to growth of new residential townships. Presently five new residential schemes have been planned in Sanand Town and all are advanced stage of completion. All five residential township projects have been initiated by private developers. Three residential schemes have been planned on Sanand – Viramgam Highway and remaining Two Residential schemes on Sanand- Sarkhej Highway. The present supply of residential units is presented in following Table.
Table 5‐6 Supply of Residential Units in Sanand Town Particular Average supply Total Supply of 5 Area (Sq. yard) Prevailing per Residential Township projects Prices Scheme Flats 100 to 125 units 500 to 625 units 80 to 125 Rs 10 lakh to 14 lakh Tenament & 60 units 300 units Row House (140 to 160 Row House (Rs Row House aq yard). 18 lakh to 25 Tenament (185 to 200 sq lakh). yard) Tenament (Rs 25 lakh to 35 lakh)
Total 800 to 925 units The prices of housing units have been rising upward after the announcement of Tata Motors Limited to establish Nano Plant at Charodi village 13 km away from Sanand Town. Upcoming
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DMIC, Industrial Investment and SIR may drive demand of housing units in Sanand Town. However Law and Order Situation and poor social infrastructure/service delivery may hamper the demand of Housing Units.
Although such housing schemes will provide for the housing demand in the city, they will not be affordable for the labour class workers who may migrate from different parts of rural India. It will be a good option to provide for temporary accommodation for such workers with the help of some trust, etc. It should be made mandatory for the industries to provide for the accommodation of their staff and labourers. Such facilities are provided by the rice mills in Sanand, where the seasonal labourers work from November to March every year.
Figure 5‐2 Single person Accommodation, Figure 5‐1 Housing provided by GHB provided by a Rice Mill in its campus
Future strategies
As mentioned above only two slum pockets have been identified in the city. One is located along the Viramgam State highway whereas the other one is located near lake. The slum pocket near the highway will be removed during the four laning of the Highway. The other slum pocket is also an encroachment on the bank of the lake which should be removed for conserving the natural drainage pattern of lake and its water quality.
Low cost housing needs to be providing by the government as taking into account the kind of development that the city will experience in near future. At lease 20-30% (around 100 ha) land should be reserved under the TP Schemes for the same
Arrangements need to be worked out for the seasonal workers who work in the rice mills.
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6. Social Infrastructure
Development of physical infrastructure cannot usher in overall development at the desired level if the social infrastructure is not simultaneously developed. Education, Health, Social security, public entertainment etc. sectors has to be developed to ensure proper social infrastructure. Social Development is usually referred to as the commitment towards realizing the vision of the city. The provision of infrastructure facilities such as educational institutes, health care facilities contributes in the socio-economic development of the city. This chapter reviews the provision of social infrastructure facilities in the city (Refer Map 7.1). It takes a review of the,
» Educational Facilities
» Health Facilities
» Recreational Facilities
» Other Social Amenities This chapter focuses on assessment of existing quality of life in Sanand City.
7.4. Educational Facilities Education decides the development pattern of any city, it exhibits how urbanize a city is through its literacy level and exposure to different education facilities. Sanand consist of educational facilities ranging from primary school to college, which are provided by a host of agencies, ranging from the state government and local government to the agencies aided by the state government as well as private institutions. The status of educational facilities in the town is satisfactory when compared with the norms and standards given by the UDPFI. As, Sanand town have 20 primary schools and 6 secondary schools. It has two Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) and one college.
Table 6‐1 Educational Facility in Sanand existing
Educational Institutions *UDPFI Number Rooms Teachers Students Norms Primary school 9 20 162 122 4925 Secondary school 6 6 72 64 2108 Higher secondary school 4 24 40 745 ITI 1 2 20 16 291 College 1 1 - - - Aanganwadi 18 0 0 0 0 Ashramshala -- 1 0 0 0 Source: SNP, Census of India 2001and *Number of Institutes for population 45000
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It can be observed from the above table that there are adequate facilities for primary as well as secondary and higher secondary education in the city, but for higher education and skilled education, there is only one college and 2 ITI. The students have to go to Ahmedabad (24 km from Sanand) for pursuing higher education in different streams. This hampers the number of student opting for such education. However if we look at the requirement for 2030 when the population will be three times the current population, there will be requirement as follows:
Table 6‐2 Estimates for Educational Facility requirements in Sanand 2031 I Education Population Area no Requirement (Ha) for 2031 1 Pre‐primary to Secondary Education a Pre‐primary, nursery school 2500 0.4 1 600 b primary school 2500 0.4 1 600 c senior secondary school 75000 1.6 1 20 d Integrated school without hostel facility 90000 3.5 1 17 e Integrated school with hostel facility 90000 3.9 1 17 f school for handicapped 45000 0.5 1 33 2 Higher Education ‐ General a college 125000 4 1 12 b university campus 10 1 c New University Area 60 1 3 Technical Education a Technical Education center(A) ‐ industrial training 1000000 4 1 2 institute, polytechnic b Technical Education center(B) ‐ ITI, technical 1000000 4 1 2 center, coaching center 4 Professional Education a New Engg. College 1500‐1700 60 2 students b New Medical college 15 2 Source: Authors Analysis as per UDPFI Guidelines
The industrial Training Institutes play an important role in supplying the skilled labour for industries. In view of the upcoming industrial developments in the region, strengthening of such training institutes will help in generating employment opportunities in Sanand and nearby region.
There are two Industrial Training Institutes in Sanand. One is a government ITI and the other is run by a trust with government grants. The institute imparts training in different vocational job oriented courses. The two ITI’s offers courses in streams of Fitter (2 years), wireman (2 years), Mechanic Motor Vehicle (2 years), Mechanic Diesel (1 year), Computer Operator (1 year), Armature & Rewinding (1 year) and Cutting & Sewing (1 year). In the pace of development of
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Sanand, the institutes will be playing a major role in supplying skilled man power to the industries.
The private college in Sanand offers courses in Graduation in Arts (B.A.) and Commerce (B.Com), Bachelors in Education (B.Ed.) and it also has Primary Teachers Training Center (PTC). The city lacks education facilities in Science stream. Gujarat state is well known as a hub of pharmaceutical industries. Sanand Taluka is home to reputed pharmaceutical companies such as Cadila Health Care Ltd., etc. It will be a wise decision to start a college which offers courses for Diploma/Bachelors in Pharmacy in Sanand.
• Sanand Town has adequate numbers of schools however service deliveries of schools are very poor. The figures of male/female ratio and teachers /student ratio of schools are not available and hence adequacy of numbers of teachers is not known.
• There is only one international standard good quality private school in its vicinity. It emerged from the discussion with the people of Sanand Town that each school lacks quality of teachers and infrastructure. Sanand Town depends on Ahmedabad city for good quality schools. In spite of Taluka place, Sanand Town does not have any higher secondary school imparting education on science stream.
• Further Vocational institutes like ITI have very low occupancy and there are no institutes offering graduation level science or any post graduation level courses in the Town. Students are travelling to Ahmedabad for education services. 7.5. Health Facilities As per census data for the year 2001, there are 21 beds in the medical institutions per 10,000 people in the town, which is slightly lower than the norm of 30 beds for 10000 populations as suggested by UDPFI guidelines.
Table 6‐3 Health Facilities in Sanand City
Health Institutions Government Private Bed Capacity Hospital 2 9 52 Community Health Center (CHC) 1 0 30 Clinic / Dispensaries 1 30 45 Operation Theater 1 7 ICU 0 0 Maternity center 1 7 40 X-Ray 1 4 Pathology Lab 1 2
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Sonography Center 0 1 Physiotherapy Center 0 1 Veterinary center 1 0 Medicine Shops 0 12 Family Welfare Center 1 0 TB Clinic 0 1 Source: Compiled from information from SNP & Ahmedabad District Census Handbook, 2001
Table 6‐4 Comparison of existing facilities and UDPFI Norms Medical facilities Existing UDPFI Norms Beds UDPFI Norms Numbers (For Population of (For Population of 45000) 45000) Hospital* 11 1 52 50 Dispensary 27 3 45 Health Centre 1 1 30 Family Welfare 1 1 - Centre TB Clinics 1 - Nursing Home 5 1 40 30
*Intermediate Hospital: 1 for 45000 populations with minimum bed capacity of 50
Table 6‐5 Estimates for Health requirements in Sanand in 2031 Health Care Facilities Population Area no Beds Requirements (Ha) in 2031 General Hospital 250000 6 1 500 6 Intermediate Hospital (A) 100000 3.7 1 100 15 Intermediate Hospital (B) 100000 1 1 80 15 Poly‐clinic with some observation beds 100000 0.3 1 15 Nursing home, Child Welfare, Maternity 45000‐ 0.3 1 30 2 center 100000 Dispensary 15000 0.12 1 100 Source: Authors Analysis as per UDPFI Guidelines
In spite that, dispensaries and hospitals are mushroomed in the city, the city still lacks some facilities such as Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Burn Ward, blood bank and a medical college which needs to be provided as early as possible. The citizens have to come to Ahmedabad city for accessing good health facilities in case of emergency. During the evening and night hours, emergency treatment is availed at Ahmedabad only as doctors used to stay at Ahmedabad and come to the Sanand Town in morning. Thus availability of doctors during the evening and night time period for emergency services is area of concern10. Availability of doctors can be
10 Discussion with stake holders
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attained through recruiting adequate numbers of doctors and introducing the different shifts for working hours. Thus emergency treatment can be available in Sanand Town itself if need for same arises.
Apart from this there are 5 Public Health Centers (PHCs) in Sanand Taluka as given below. Sanand town is covered by Chekhla PHC with 2 medical officers and eight nursing Staff.
Table 6‐6 Coverage of PHCs in Sanand Taluka Name of Public Health Center Number of Medical Officers Number of Nursing Staff
Chekhla PHC 2 8 Modasar PHC 3 7 Zolapur PHC 2 7 Upardal PHC 2 7 Sanathal PHC 2 6 Source: Sanand Block Health Office, 2010
Disease Pattern in Sanand
Table 6‐7 Disease Pattern in Sanand Taluka Sr. Name of Number of Registered Cases No. Disease 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 Malaria 5370 4678 8310 7730 8689 6399 2 Diarrhea 75 85 110 88 115 126 3 Typhoid 1 2 2 4 8 7
It can be observed from the table below that the number people suffering from diarrhea are increasing which can be linked to unhygienic conditions such as contaminated drinking water in the Taluka. The increase in Malaria occurrence can be again linked to unhygienic conditions resulting in formation of water pools which become the breeding ground for mosquitoes.
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Figure 6‐1 Reported cases of Diarrhea and Malaria in Sanand Taluka 140 10000 120 9000 8000
Diarrhea 100 7000
Malaria
of
of 6000 80 5000 Cases
60 4000 Cases
of
of 3000 40 2000 20 1000 Number
Number 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Reported cases of Diarrhea in Sanand Taluka Reported Cases of Malaria in Sanand Taluka
7.6. Other Amenities According to the census data 2001, 45 % households in the town are availing the banking services, which is quite less. Detailed list of the services availing by the town dwellers have been given in the following table. As per the census data 98.5 percent households in the town are having improved drinking water supply, which is pretty good. Electricity is also good in the town, while the drainage and sanitation facility needs to be improved.
Table 6‐8 Number of Households availing services
Services/Amenities No of HH % of total HH
HH availing banking services 2915 45.3 Radio/ transistor 2038 31.7 T.V. 4385 68.1 Telephone 1031 16.0 Bicycle 2407 37.4 Scooter 1598 24.8 Car/jeep 218 3.4 None of the specified assets 1405 21.8 Total House holds 6438 100.0 Source: Census of India 2001 As per the guidelines and norms of the UDPFI, the town should have 4-5 community room and 2-3 community halls and library, which are not in existence currently. So, along with these amenities certain recreational facilities need to be developed in the town.
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Table 6‐9 Number of Households availing Infrastructure Facilities in Sanand
Infrastructure facility No of HH % of total HH Improved drinking water 6340 98.5 Electricity 5919 91.9 Bathroom 4458 69.3 Toilet 4631 71.9 Open Drainage 4354 67.6 Total Households (2001, occupied houses) 6438 Source: Census of India, 2001
Table 6‐10 Estimates for Socio Cultural facilities requirements in Sanand in 2031 Socio ‐ Cultural Facilities Population Area(Sq.m) Requirements in 2031 Community room 5000 660 1 300 Community room & Library 15000 2000 1 100 Recreational club 100000 10000 1 15 Music, dance, drama center 100000 1000 1 15 Meditation and spritual center 100000 5000 1 15 Socio‐ cultural center 1000000 15 ha 1 2 Source: Authors Analysis as per UDPFI Guidelines
7.7. Recreational Spaces The city does not have a single cinema hall, multiplex, garden or park. The UDPFI guidelines recommend that the large cities should have provision of 10-12 sq.mt. Space per person for creating recreational facilities such as parks, maidan, playgrounds, botanical/zoological gardens or other multi-purpose open spaces. Considering the future prospectus of growth Sanand city should have minimum of 0.51 sq. km (51 Ha) of open space for current population.
Water bodies are an integral part of city open spaces and connected to various traditions and religious functions. At the same time it provides at time larger open space to the city. It also maintains eco-system. It provides immense potential to tourism in the city. Many times human interface with the water front’s of these water bodies May liable to contaminate and pollution. Therefore it is necessary to preserve and develop these large open spaces, water bodies.
The table below shows the three major lakes in Sanand
Table 6‐11 Major Lakes in Sanand Name of Lake Area in Ha Bhadreti Lake 15.5 Gadhiyu Lake 6.6 Lakshmana Lake 4.8 Total area of three lakes 26.9 Source: AUDA DP
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It is recommended that apart from lake development project, there is requirement to provide gardens, amphitheater and children’s play grounds as more recreational spaces.
7.8. Status of crime: Figure 6‐2 Total Number of cases registered as IPC in Sanand The Sanand city hosts the Main Police station which has the entire Sanand Taluka under its 80
jurisdiction. of 60 Cases
It is clear from the graph here that, there are 40 Number increased incidents of robbery, dacoits and theft 20 Total taking place in the city. The police patrolling Registered during night time in the vulnerable areas could 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 be one of the preventive measures which can be practiced. Details for registered cases of some IPC crimes are given in the table below. All of the mentioned crimes are covered by different Indian Penal Codes of crimes; however, for the purpose of having larger view, some of them have been grouped together.
Table 6‐12 Year wise Number of Registered Cases of Different IPC Crimes in Sanand City Type of Crime 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Murder (& attempt of murder) 1 0 1 1 0 Robbery, Dacoity, Theft 11 12 16 18 18 Fraud 4 2 0 0 1 Duplicate Currency 1 0 1 1 1 Riot 1 0 3 2 0 Hurt 3 7 8 2 2 Kidnapping 2 2 0 1 2 Other IPC Crimes 30 38 42 22 30 Total 53 61 71 47 54 Source: Police Station, Sanand
It can be observed from the above table that in last five years the city has seen highest number of crime incidents in 2007. There is no noticeable improvement in the control of such incidents even today. This can also be linked with the non-availability of educational facilities in the city, hampering the growth of the young generation.
The requirements for police posts and stations along with fire station will increase by the year 2031 as the population of the town will increase to 150000. The table below lays down the requirement for such facilities in case of Sanand.
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Table 6‐13 Estimates for Police station and Fire Station requirements in Sanand in 2031 Police Population Area(ha) No. Requirements in 2031 Police Station 90000 1.5 1 17 Police Post 40000 0.16 1 38 District office and battalion 1000000 0.8 1 2 Police line 2000000 4 to 6 ha 1 1 District Jail 1000000 10 1 2 Civil defense and Home Guards 1000000 2 1 2 Fire station or sub‐fire station 200000 within 1‐ 8 3 kms Source: Authors Analysis as per UDPFI Guidelines
7.9. Major Issues: 1. Educational Facilities: Lack of higher educational facility and quality of education needs to be improved. 2. Health Facilities: The city lacks some facilities such as Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Burn Ward, blood bank which is of prime importance during emergency situations. 3. Lack of recreational spaces in the city: The city does not have a single cinema hall, multiplex, garden or park. 4. Law and Order: Increasing incidents of crime such as thefts, robberies, dacoits, etc are a serious matter of concern for the safety and assured good quality of life in the city.
7.10. Strategies:
Education
• There needs to be an emphasis on good quality education for all, especially for the residents of slum localities. Improvements in the current system by capacity building of the staff.
• Sanand needs to invest in higher education especially in the scientific fields to become an attractive place to stay.
• A minimum level of learning through enhancement of opportunities towards access to literacy programs needs to be ensured.
• Professional and vocational colleges need to be given importance for setting up employment development resources through education and training programs.
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Health
• Reduction of health risks and practices leading to chronic and infectious diseases through effective implementation of sanitary programs, combined with regular inspection of food joints by the Food and Civil Supplies Department.
• To reducing the dependency on the mother city for Specialized services by providing for an all facility hospital along with improvements in the current system of management.
• Need for reduction of environmental threats and hazards to health through an integrated approach by various concerned organizations and departments towards enhancement of the environment of the city.
Recreation/ Open Spaces.
• Taking up a tree plantation program along the roads to make Sanand a Green city. • Bhadreti Lake to be developed and converted to act as an effective open space and recreational area. • Private sector participation in revitalization of the existing waster bodies of the city. • More Number of Socio-cultural Facilities to be provided as per population.
It is essential to provide following facilities in the city. It is suggested that the existing facilities can be upgraded to provide these facilities wherever possible.
Table 6‐14 Social Infrastructure Project proposed Component Project Quantity Description
Education Facilities Science College 1 Diploma / Bachelors in Pharmacy
Open spaces Children’ Playground 1 /Recreational Spaces Amphitheater 1 Bhadreti Lake 1 Provision of Garden, Jogging track, Development Lighting, children’s play area Garden 1 Preservation of Lakes 2 Removal of encroachments, Tree plantation and buffer zone along lake bank Cinema/ Multiplex 1
Health Facility Hospital Up gradation 1 Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Burn Ward Unit
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7. Environment Profile
Environment in the context of city requires a proactive approach in order to preserve the valuable resources and make it a healthy and livable place. It is crucial to assess the existing status of the environment of the city to aspire for sustainable development. Information on natural environment has been covered in chapter 2 as a part of city profile this chapter will focus more urban environment in terms of air quality and water quality. 8.1. Surface Water The city of Sanand is dotted with lakes all around it (Refer Map 8.1). The most significant are Bhadreti Lake, Gadhiyu Lake and Lakshmana Lake. The total area under lakes is around 63 ha in 2009.
Figure 7‐1 Encroachment along Bhadreti lake
Unfortunately, the lakes are now a place of disposal of storm water as well as untreated waste water from surrounding neighborhoods. The catchment area of the Bhadreti Lake can be found to be encroached by shops and other commercial activities such as hawkers, etc. which also dump the solid waste in the lake.
Figure 7‐2 Status of lakes
Dry The lakes play an important role in the environment of Lakes the city, they are the only open spaces in Sanand city at 21.4% the moment hence there needs to be an effort to water Filled conserve these lakes. The water quality in the lakes has Lakes also deteriorated as the waste water from the city find 78.6% its way through the open drains into the lake further worsening the situation.
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8.2. Ground Water The capricious nature of rainfall had made certain areas of the State extremely susceptible to drought and famine conditions. Ground water conditions very in relation to hydrological setting. At present substantial quantity of ground water is being extracted to support irrigation, Industry and drinking water supply requirement.
Ground water potential11 of any area is calculated based on the ground water ground water recharge and total ground water draft in that area. In case of Sanand Taluka, the ground water potential category has been identified as ‘Over Exploited’ indicating actual draft is more than the quantity being recharged (Refer Map 8.2). Both Ahmedabad and Sanand Taluka lie in the over exploited zone, raising concerns of its availability for domestic and agricultural use. It can be noted that a lot of rice is grown in and around Sanand and hence the demand for irrigation water in this region is high. At present Sanand relies mainly on ground water for its domestic water needs which also raises the question on the security of water source for the town.
13.2.1. Ground Water Quality Currently, Sanand water supply system relies on ground water for meeting 30% of their water demand. The water quality testing conducted for the tube wells of drinking water supply, reveals that out of 17 Tube well samples tested, four samples were found to be unfit for potable use. The tube wells whose sample was unfit were Tube wells near Shankar Wadi, near Laxman Pond, near Mamlatdar Office and near Mira Park Society. It was found that the quantity of Dissolved solids were exceptionally high in these samples than the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l whereas the desirable limit is even below, 500 mg/l.
11 Categorization of Groundwater for future use The categorization for groundwater development is based on twin criteria: Stage of groundwater development and Long‐term trends based on the time series data of observation wells in each unit. The categories are as below: ¾ Safe = White When the level of groundwater development is less than 70 % and the groundwater levels show no falling trend over the last decade in any of the period. ¾ Semi‐critical = Grey When the level of groundwater development is more than 70 % but less than 90 % and the groundwater levels fall only during one of the periods i.e. pre‐monsoon or post‐monsoon. ¾ Critical = Dark When the level of groundwater development is more than 90 % but less than 100 % and the groundwater levels fall in both of the periods ¾ Over‐exploited When the level of groundwater development is more than 100 % and the groundwater levels fall in both of the periods.
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Figure 7‐3 Groundwater Quality 4500 4000 Dissolved Solids mg/l 3500 3000 pH 2500 2000 Total Hardness ( as CaCo3) mg/l 1500 1000 Calcium (as Ca) 500 0 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l
… …
… … …
Chloride (as Mg) mg/l soc. dela GHB
nath
wadi bapa
pond pond Mata
hayat dham
Office
village village village
chowk
krishna
Sulphate ( as So4) mg/l Nr. park
vas Siddh
Panc
Govar Nitrate ( as No3) nagar Hare Gadhia
Ambaji
Shankar Thakkar Nanusha Laypur
Mira Nr. Laxmana
Nr. Navo Nr. Nr. Vadnagar Nr. Fluoride (as F ) mg/l Manlatdar Nr. Nr. Nr.
Nr. Taluka Nr.
Nr.
Nr. Alkaliaity ( as CaC03 ) mg/l Madhav Nr.
Source: Shreeji Consultant, Gandhinagar
8.3. Air Quality The quality of ambient air in study area is compared with prescribed standards for ambient air quality. While the concentration of SOx and NOx was observed to be within the specified norms, SPM and RSPM concentrations were observed to be exceeding the norms at some location. The high concentration of SPM and RSPM can be attributed to industries and vehicular traffic in the Sanand area.
Parameter Norm Minimum ( μg/m3) Maximum (μg/m3) SOx 50 8.8 16.8 NOx 40 12.4 18.8 SPM 60 158 222 RSPM 40 62 76 Source: GPCB
8.4. Noise Pollution: The test for Noise levels dB (A) recorded at Chharodi Village around 10 km from Sanand, was observed to be high close to 56-59 dB (A) at day time and 48-51 dB (A) at night time. 8.5. Issues 1. Over-exploitation of ground water: This issue becomes important in light of the upcoming industrial development. The whole Sanand taluka and along with the adjacent Ahmedabad and Bavla taluka are over-exploited.
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2. Higher concentration of solids in Ground water: The water testing of tube wells revealed that the ground water has high contents of dissolved solid which impart high salinity and hardness in the water. 3. Deterioration of Lakes: Untreated waste water flows into the lakes deteriorating the quality of water. Encroachments and garbage dumping has also been observed in the lakes. 4. Air Pollution in the city area: The ambient air quality near Sanand-Viramgam highway is found to have high contents of suspended solids which impact on the respiratory system of human beings. The main market road which connects with the Kadi road experiences regular traffic congestion problems during peak hours leading to higher emissions from vehicles. 8.6. Strategies
Ground water conservation: It is recommended that, it should be made mandatory for industries to take prior permission for withdrawal of the ground water. Water intensive industries such as chemical industries, paper industries should not be allowed in this area. The development plan should encourage open area be reserved for ground water recharge.
Lake Conservation and Development: The lakes in the city should be conserved as they provide breathing spaces and can be developed as recreational area. Proper storm water drainage plans need to be made in order to protect these areas from pollution. AUDA has already planned for the development of Bhadreti lake. Removal of encroachments and tree plantation along the lake banks is recommended for its conservation. A buffer zone of 30-50 meters can be created to maintain the natural flow of storm water. The waste water of the city should be collected and treated in Waste water treatment plant before its disposal in lake water. There is a need for interlinking and conservation of other lakes as they form a vital link in the water that reaches Nal Sarovar.
Open spaces / Recreational spaces: The vision is to promote Sanand has good quality residential town and hence the issues related to vehicular pollution need to be looked into. Tree plantation along the roads and development of parks and playgrounds need to be taken up.
Rain Water harvesting: The existing lakes in the city need to be revitalized for collection of and can be conserved for augmenting the water table during monsoon season.
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8. Disaster Management
Sanand indicate a low probability for all kind of natural disasters except earthquake. In order to reduce this risk to life and injuries, and lowering property and livelihoods/business losses, two of the three phases of a disaster cycle shall be addressed.
These phases are:
1. Mitigation
2. Preparedness & Response
Sanand Nagar Palika has prepared a disaster management plan. The plan is a compilation of data for the various aspects and forms a good information base. However it does not deal with any strategies that will come into effect in a disaster situation.
Table 8‐1 Hazard Profile Sanand Type of Disaster Intensity Last Occurrence (Month- Yeear) Earthquake Medium January-2000 Flood Low -- Cyclone Low -- High Tide Low -- Chemical (Spread /Accident) Low -- Other NA _ Source: Disaster Management Plan Sanand
Figure 8‐1 Earthquake and Wind hazard map
Source: GSDMA
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9.1. Vulnerability As per the disaster management plan the city has around 800 kaccha houses which are at high risk during Earthquake. Apart from this around 250 thatches are at higher risk during disasters such as flood and cyclone. Fortunately these disasters have very low probability of occurrence in case of Sanand.
Around 8069 students and 242 teachers are also vulnerable to earthquake in Sanand.
Table 8‐2 vulnerable schools Educational Number Rooms Teachers Students Institutions Primary school 20 162 122 4925 Secondary school 6 72 64 2108 Higher secondary 4 24 40 745 school ITI 2 20 16 291 Source: Disaster Management Plan Sanand 9.2. Manmade Disasters Sanand is however vulnerable to manmade disasters like fire. The Gamtal area has narrow lanes and in case of a fire incident it will be will be difficult for the fire brigade to reach inside the gamtal area. The intensity of chemical incidence is low in the city as there are no major industries. 9.3. Preparedness Preparedness in the time of disaster can save many lives; this section tries to Sanand on this criterian.
Fire Brigade:
Fire brigades are used in a disaster situation as earthquakes can lead to fires and also they help in rescue operations. Currently the city does not have any fire brigade service or a trained fire officer, this is an issue of great concern as Sanand has to rely on Ahmedabad and in case of emergency the loss of life and property can be high due to this negligence.
Health facility:
There are no specialized hospitals in the city as discussed in the chapter 7 (Social Infrastructure) the city still lacks facilities such as Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Burn Ward, blood bank. The citizens have to come to Ahmedabad city for accessing good health facilities in case
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of emergency. There are 12 medicine shops in the city which are adequate for the current population.
Communication:
Households in Sanand have access to communication facilities such as TV, Radio, and Telephone which can be of help for communication purpose during emergency situations. It should be noted that although only 13.0% households have a telephone connection, the personal mobile use may have increased which is not captured here.
Table 8‐3 Communication Facilities in Sanand
Services/Amenities No of HH % of total No of HH % of total HH (2001) HH (2009) Radio/ transistor 2038 31.7 2000 19.0 T.V. 4385 68.1 7000 66.4 Telephone 1031 16.0 1372 13.0
Source: SNP
Police Station:
There is only one police station and three out posts, for the entire Sanand Taluka. The staff at these station and posts is as below:
Table 8‐4 Police Personnel in Sanand Police Personnel No of Posts Police Inspector 1 Sub Police Inspector 1 Asst. Sub Inspector 1 Head Constable 4 Constables 15 Trained Soldiers (for emergency) 0 Source: Disaster Management plan
There are no Para-police services available in the city such as N.C.C., Home Guards, G.R.D. or N.S.S who can help in case of an emergency.
Lack of maintained open spaces:
The city lacks maintained open spaces such as gardens, parks or accessible open spaces, which can be used as an emergency gathering center during emergencies.
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Connectivity:
Sanand city’s proximity and connectivity to Ahmedabad is advantageous during emergency situations. 9.4. Issues • There is an absence of fire brigade and fire men in the city. • Lack of proper emergency medical services as the city hospitals are not prepared at the time of emergency. • Presence of narrow roads in the gamtal area may lead to difficulty in access during emergency. • There is a lack of police force in the city to maintain law and order at the time of emergence/ disaster. • Absence of a proper Disaster management plan for the city.
9.5. Strategy
• To deal with the emergency situation in the city as a result of a natural or a manmade disaster it is important to have a proper Disaster Management Plan, detailing out the requirement of trained personnel along with procurement of proper equipment. • Training and capacity building of the Nagar Palika employee is a must to deal with the disaster situation. • Identification of the vulnerable school buildings in Sanand and proper retrofitting of school buildings as they act a shelter places in case of a disaster. • Improve the medical facilities in the city to deal with emergencies, setting up of a burns ward in the city hospital. • Disaster management centre needs to be established in the town. For this reason the Nagarpalika needs to identify the most potential area in the city.
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10. Municipal Finance
This section would review and analyze the actual accounts from 2004-05 to 2008-09 obtained from Sanand Municipality. The chapter would proceed with analysis of major income and expenditure heads of Revenue and Capital accounts. The key issues observed and recommendations to resolve those issues are discussed at the end.
To start with, the following table provides a bird eye view to the status of Sanand Municipality’s accounts over the last five years.
Table 10‐1 Summarized accounts of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 Particular 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 CAGR Rs. Lakh Opening balance 84.74 106.11 127.67 341.18 409.61 Revenue Account Revenue Income 155.56 188.30 194.15 261.15 280.23 16% Revenue Expenses 122.55 140.24 152.36 195.66 214.81 15% Revenue surplus / deficit 33.01 48.06 41.79 65.50 65.42
Capital Account Capital Income 61.56 85.01 321.47 143.33 273.07 45% Capital Expenditure 73.20 111.50 149.75 140.40 184.23 26% Capital surplus / deficit -11.64 -26.50 171.72 2.93 88.84 Closing balance 106.11 127.67 341.18 409.61 563.87 Source: Sanand Municipality/ Author’s analysis
It can be seen that revenue income and expenditure have grown steadily. However the Municipality is able to maintain revenue surplus, 21% of the total revenue income. This is lower than standard rate of 40% observed for sustainable municipal finance.
Capital income has increased substantially due to various grants and transfers from the State Government. On the other hand capital works have been executed at slow pace. It resulted to the notable surplus in closing balance of 2008-09.
Further, Revenue Account of Sanand Municipality is assessed. 10.1. Assessment of revenue Account The revenue account comprises operating income and expenditure. As shown above the Revenue income and Expenditure have grown 16 and 15 percent respectively. Major heads of Revenue Income and Expenditure has been assessed further.
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Review of Revenue Income
The following table shows summarized revenue income of Sanand Municipality for last five years.
Table 10‐2 Summarized revenue income of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 Particular 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Rs. Lakh Revenue Income Tax income 30.16 54.74 66.78 66.14 87.01 % of total Income 19% 29% 34% 25% 31% Non tax income 18.31 26.61 23.84 17.73 37.36 % of total Income 12% 14% 12% 7% 13% Grants and transfers 102.50 101.73 94.22 161.22 142.38 % of total Income 66% 54% 49% 62% 51% Interest income 0.66 2.31 6.46 9.61 11.28 % of total Income 0% 1% 3% 4% 4% Other income 3.93 2.92 2.86 6.45 2.20 % of total Income 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% Total 155.56 188.30 194.15 261.15 280.23 Source: Sanand Municipality/ Author’s analysis
It can be observed from the above table;
• Grant and transfers from the state government contributes more than half to the total revenue income, followed by Tax income. However, contribution ratio between both the above income heads has been changing reversely since last three years. The tax income has been increased significantly due to major tax collection drive. The share of non tax income to the total revenue income has remained static over a period of time.
• The octroi compensation grant consist of 66% of the total grant and transfers while rest 34% comprises transfers from the State Government for its various schemes and plans
• Tax income mainly comes from property tax (64% of the total tax income) and water tax (36%). Income from both taxes has been increased 25% and 15% respectively in last five years.
• 57% of the total Non tax revenue comes from public service charges and fees while rest is generated through rent on municipality’s own properties.
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o Public service fees mainly comprise new construction fees and penalty (52% of the total) followed by water connection/ disconnection fees (17%) and property transfer fees (11%).
o 82% of the total income from rent is collected on municipality owned shops and 16% through rent on municipality’s community hall.
• Share of interest income has been increased up to 4% in last two year. It shows that a good amount has been invested as fixed deposit.
Assessment of Revenue Expenses has been done further.
Review of Revenue Expenses
Summarized revenue expenses are described in the following table.
Table 10‐3 Summarized revenue Expenses of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 Particular 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Rs. Lakh Revenue Expenses Establishment Expenses 79.39 91.47 89.64 96.79 98.76 % of total Expenses 65% 65% 59% 49% 46% % of total Income 51% 49% 46% 37% 35% Administration & General Expenses 30.75 36.33 51.59 71.48 86.20 % of total Expenses 25% 26% 34% 37% 40% % of total Income 20% 19% 27% 27% 31% Repairs & Maintenance of Fixed Assets 12.41 12.44 11.14 24.62 29.81 % of total Expenses 10% 9% 7% 13% 14% % of total Income 8% 7% 6% 9% 11% Other expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77 0.05 % of total Expenses 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% % of total Income 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% Total 122.55 140.24 152.36 195.66 214.81 Source: Sanand Municipality/ Author’s analysis
It can be seen from the above table that:
• Revenue expenses of Sanand municipality are divided in to three major heads namely Establishment expenses, Administrative expenses and Repair and Maintenance expenses of the municipality’s assets.
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• 81% of total establishment expenses are made towards salary and wages while Provident Fund contribution was around 9% of the total such expenses.
• Electricity is the major administrative expense. It comprises around 76% of the total administrative expenses. Other key administrative expenses are petrol and diesel expenses (5%), deposits (4%) and contingency expenses (4%)
• In 2004-05, maintenance of vehicles and transportation equipments (51% of the total repair and maintenance expenses), roads, bridges and street lights (16%), Sewerage and drainage lines (12%), Public places and water supply (9% each) were the key repair and maintenance works. while in 2008-09, Maintenance of water works (45% of the total repair and maintenance works) is the major R&M expense followed by Roads/ Bridges/ Street lights (26%), Public places (15%) and maintenance of vehicle and transportation equipments (7%).
10.2. Assessment of Capital Account
Following table shows capital account of Sanand Municipality.
Table 10‐4 Assessment of Capital Account of Sanand Municipality from 2004‐05 to 2008‐09 Particular 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Rs. Lakh Grant and Contribution 61.56 85.01 321.47 126.26 239.70 % of total Income 100% 100% 100% 88% 88% Loans and borrowings 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.07 33.37 % of total Income 0% 0% 0% 12% 12% Total 61.56 85.01 321.47 143.33 273.07
Capital Expenditure Land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.96 % of total Expenditure 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% Buildings 5.11 10.20 17.61 20.72 6.53 % of total Expenditure 7% 9% 12% 15% 4% Public Places 1.60 3.53 3.35 0.75 0.00 % of total Expenditure 2% 3% 2% 1% 0% Roads/ Bridges/ Street lights 31.66 65.41 52.48 65.75 53.52 % of total Expenditure 43% 59% 35% 47% 29% Sewerage & Drainage Lines 3.65 7.62 12.67 17.56 19.46 % of total Expenditure 5% 7% 8% 13% 11% Water Supply 9.75 5.40 36.56 18.51 16.08 % of total Expenditure 13% 5% 24% 13% 9% Plants, Machinery & Equipment 0.00 3.20 6.81 2.60 18.99
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% of total Expenditure 0% 3% 5% 2% 10% Vehicles & Transp. Equipments 3.87 0.61 1.89 0.00 0.00 % of total Expenditure 5% 1% 1% 0% 0% Repayment of Loans 2.08 11.28 0.38 0.00 27.98 % of total Expenditure 3% 10% 0% 0% 15% Repayment of Advances/Subsidy/Other 15.48 4.25 18.01 14.51 33.71 refunds % of total Expenditure 21% 4% 12% 10% 18% Total 73.20 111.50 149.75 140.40 184.23 Source: Sanand Municipality/ Author’s analysis
It can be said from the above table that;
• Although the Municipality has borrowed some amount, the capital works are primarily dependent on Government grants and contribution
• Such grants are mainly spent on Roads and bridges, water supply and sewerage and sanitation.
• It can be seen that capital income utilization ratio has been reduced from 1.18 in 2004-05 to 0.67 in 2008-09. It shows lower space of asset creation and thus excess of capital grant till 2008-09.
Based on the above discussion, issues and recommendations pertaining to Municipal finance are made here below.
10.3. Issues and Recommendations
From the review of actual municipal accounts of Sanand made so far, it is learnt that
• In spite of increasing Tax revenue, the Sanand Municipality is highly relying on Government grants and transfers as more than 50% of revenue expenditure is being financed from this source.
o The reliance on one source of income should be reduced with creation of other sources of own income.
o Also, assessment of properties should be revised frequently followed strong collection drives.
• The revenues of the ULB are by and large showing an upward trend. They show a fluctuating trend only with regard to certain streams of income. The property and streetlight taxes which
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are fairly major sources of revenue contributing 35% of the total own sources of income, show a generally upward trend. Some other sources such as water tax and education cess, contributing 20% of the total own sources of revenue, show some fluctuation. Fluctuation is seen in respect of non tax revenue such as rental income and new construction fee/penalty. These sources are exposed to market and hence are likely to show variations.
• Possibilities of generating other sources of own revenue through introduction of user charges, vehicle entry tax, theater tax etc has been assessed. However such new taxation would lead to strong public resentment.
• Around 12000 taxable properties are identified by the ULB. As reported by the ULB, the no of unidentified properties is negligible, leaving little or no scope for increasing revenue through enhancement in coverage. However, the town is likely to see an increase in population to around 1 lakh by 2020-21. This will mean an increase in number of households to around 25,000. This impacts the revenues positively.
• The collection ratio of the property tax has remained around 40% in the last three years. The ULB proposes to take this to 85% by 2012. The major challenge in doing this is the somewhat difficult local law and order situation which has been brought to the notice of the State Government. The State Government is keen on developing Sanand and the area around it and it is willing to facilitate the mitigation of any such issues.
• Overall, increase in holdings, increase in collection efficiency and increase in property tax rates combine to provide fairly high impetus in property tax income, thereby reducing the dependence on grant funds from around one half presently to only around 40% by 2020-21. Details are explained in the chapter on FOP.
• The ULB is also planning to focus on strengthening its own source of income by creating awareness among the tax payers, organizing ward wise camps for current and arrear tax collection, rewarding honest tax payers in public and offering rebate or other benefits on advance tax payment.
• As discussed earlier, the revenue surplus to revenue income ratios is as low as 21% percent against the standard 40%. It can be improved through increase in revenue income as revenue expenses seem fairly under control.
• On capital account part, the capital income utilization should be increased up to optimum level which is around 80% - 90% in urban finance.
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• Capital expenditures mostly have been made in three sectors namely Roads, water supply and sewerage and sanitation. It is recommended to opt systematic allocation of capital funds to all the key sectors of urban amenities and basic facilities such as storm water, street lights, public places etc. to obtain inclusive development of the town.
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11. Urban Governance
Urban governance can be defined as an efficient and effective response to urban problems by democratically local government working in partnership with civil society. Urban governance also refers to the management of civic affairs by institutions to improve the quality of life in an inclusive, transparent, equitable and accountable manner. Good urban governance enhances city’s competitiveness and contributes to sustainability. 11.1. Constitution and Functioning of the Municipality The functioning of Sanand Municipality is governed by The Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963 and amendment thereto. The organizational set up of Sanand Municipality comprises of Political wing and Executive wing. The political wing is an elected body of councilors from various wards of the city and is headed by president. The executive wing is headed by Chief Executive officer appointed by state government and looks after day to day functioning and helps the political wing in execution of decisions taken by them.
Political wing:
The political wing consists of members elected by general public from different wards. It makes rules and regulations for functioning of the municipality within the ambit of the Act. It supervises all financial and administrative tasks of the municipality. Sanand municipality is having 9 wards and each ward has 3 elected members. Thus at present it has 27 members in all.
The political wing is headed by president followed by vice president. Election of president and vice president is done by elected members from among themselves as per section 32 of the Act. Duties and responsibilities of president and vice president are enumerated in section 45 and 46 of the Act. Generally term of elected body is five years. Present term of political wing of Sanand Municipality is march 2008 to march 2013.
Out of the elected members a standing committee is formed which enjoys power delegated to it and helps to speed up the process of decision making and its execution. It is expected that the departmental proposals regarding the expenditure and developmental works shall be first discussed in standing committee and then put before appropriate authority for final decision. Sanand municipality has a standing committee comprising of 7 members headed by chairman. Further the municipality has a Education committee, Health committee; Water works committee, Construction work committee and social welfare committee. These committees plays advisory role and advises in the matter of department concerned.
Executive Wing:
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In order to manage the regular day functioning of the municipality and to execute the decisions taken by political wing, the Chief Executive Officer is appointed by State Government. Section 49 of the Gujarat Municipality Act specifies rights and duties of the Chief Executive Officer which include, management, financial and administrative functions of the municipality under control, guidance and supervision of president, to carry out all the decisions taken and resolutions passed, to maintain books of accounts and other necessary registers, to get books of accounts audited and remove irregularities mentioned by auditors, to prepare budget and present it before standing committee, to supervise work of all the employees of the municipality and to perform all the duties imposed or conferred upon him by the Act. In order to perform day to day activities, Sanand municipality is having various departments. Functions of each department are listed below:
Table 11‐1 Functions of Departments No. Dept. Key Functions 1 General Administrative • To Appointment municipal Staff Dept. • To look after welfare of the employees. • To conduct Municipal elections. • Other routine works
Tax Collection • Assessment of properties and collection of property tax. Department • Registering khatas in the name of tax payer. • Transfers and bifurcation of khatas. • Collection of other taxes and charges as per Act rules • Collection of building rent etc. • Collection of other Non tax recovery.
Accounts Department • Payment of expenditure i.e. bills relating to general administration, salary pension and works done by other departments. • Compilation of Receipts and Expenditure accounts for all department. • Repayment of loans availed of. • Preparation of the Annual Budget.
Public Health • The Public Health Department is responsible for family planning, Department health services sanitation garbage collection and disposal and cleaning of roads. It is also responsible for various health program like mosquito control. Immunization etc.
• Construction and maintenance of roads bridges culverts storm water Public Works drains etc. Department • Construction of buildings, Shopping complexes community halls, schools markets etc
Water Supply & • The department dales with the supply of drinking water to the entire Sewerage Department city. It supplies water to around 90 % of the population.
Streetlight Department • This department is responsible for providing street light in the city. It solves complaints of general public related to lighting and manages repairs and maintenance of street lights.
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Total permanent employee strength of the Sanand Municipality is 79 against a sanctioned strength of 110. Out of which 28 are in General Administration, accounts, tax collection and streetlight department, 10 are in water works department, 40 are in sanitation department, and one in health department. The present position with regard to the staffing pattern is seen below.
Table 11‐2 Staffing Pattern in Sanand Nagarpalika Post Numbers (A) Posts Previously Sanctioned for Nagarpalika 110 (B) Posts sanctioned by Urban Development Department through Govt. Res dated 107 22/1/2004 Presently occupied posts 79 Number of Class III manpower 27 Number of Class IV Manpower 62
Source: Sanand Nagar Palika 11.2. Role of State Government Agencies Many agencies of Gujarat State Government plays role in the functioning of Sanand municipality. Some of them are listed below:
GMFB (Gujarat Municipal Finance Board): It works as nodal agency during funding of various projects by state government to municipality. It sees that various terms and conditions of grants are satisfied with and then only disburse grant to municipality.
GUDM (Gujarat Urban Development Mission): It provides technical advice, guidance and support to municipality with respect to all major projects related to water and drainage.
GUDC (Gujarat Urban Development Company): It executes major capital work like land fill site for municipality.
DOM (Director of Municipality): It is the controlling authority for municipality and sees that the municipality works according to rules and regulations.
Collector: Under section 258 of The Gujarat municipalities Act, collector has been given powers to cease the implementation of decisions or resolutions of the municipality under certain circumstances.
AUDA (Urban Development Authority of Ahmedabad): It finalises TP scheme and undertakes developmental work within the municipality and the area around it.
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11.3. Reforms Sanand Municipality has implemented the some reforms. However reforms in many more areas remain desirable if it is to metamorphose into a useful satellite town to Ahmedabad.
Table 11‐3 Reforms undertaken by Sanand Nagar Palika No. Reform Area Performance and Progress 1 Computerization, E- Sanand already possesses a web site with downloadable forms for Governance and Online tax various services. Complains can be made online. Contact details of payment concerned office are also given. Tax calculator is also provided.
The above service can be further extended to filing applications online, providing tax and other information for citizen in query mode etc. Departments are computerized but further work would be required in the area.
2 Tax collection Currently the collection ratio is very poor at around 40%. There is huge need to improve in this area. Area base tax has already been started in the year 2007-08.
3 Accounting Sanand has already implemented double entry accounting system. However books are not maintained regularly under the system and internal staff still needs to be trained.
4 Registration of Birth /Death System is done manually. Can be made online. and Marriages 5 Human Resources Present manpower in Municipality lacks managerial and technical understanding in several areas such as planning, projects, bid process management, design, etc. Thus their capability and strength needs to augmented in two ways (i) Training (ii) Addition of personnel
6 Hawkers Management Presently some of the city roads are congested on account of presence of informal markets. These roads need to managed actively. A department / cell for hawkers’ management would be desirable.
7 PPP Presently there is no capacity to involve private sector or NGOs at project level or at the Voluntary level. There is a strong need to build capacity in that area since the municipality will have to deal with larger scale projects, some of which could be structured in various PPP formats.
8 Focus on Service Delivery In order to become a successful satellite town contributing to the entire and Infrastructure Creation region, Sanand will need to improve the quality of services, especially in Social Infrastructure in the area of health and education. There is a strong need to develop capability within the system, either through formation of a school board/ healthcare institutions within the system which reaches out or partners with private or voluntary sector.
Source: Sanand Nagar Palika
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Table 11‐4 Status of Reforms in Sanand Sr. No. Reform committed Proposal Date Implementation Target
1 E-Governance set up January 2010 March 2012
2 Benchmarking Feb 2010, 2011, 2012
3 Property Tax (85% coverage) January 2010 March 2012
4 User Charges January 2010 March 2012
5 Public Disclosure Law January 2010 March 2011
6 Encouraging Public Private Participation March 2010 2010-2012
7 Earmarking Housing sites for Urban January 2010 March 2011
Poor (25% developed land in all housing projects for EWS/LIG) the provision is already kept the development plan prepared by AUDA.
8 Revision of Building Bye laws – Disaster January 2010 March 2011 management, Barrier free environment and Structural safety has already been included in the bylaws however rainwater harvesting and recycling waste water still needs to be included by AUDA
9 Energy Audit March 2010 December 2010
10 Water Audit March 2010 December 2010
11 Community Participation Law March 2010 March 2011
Source: Sanand Nagar Palika
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11.1. Manpower requirement at the ULB Following is the calculation of estimated manpower that would be required for execution and maintenance of the existing assets and new projects proposed under this study
Table 11‐5 Status of Manpower Requirement in Sanand Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Total For overall supervision Persons Required 1 0 0 0 0 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 1 0 0 Water supply Persons Required 0 1 6 20 27 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 4 10 14 Water storage Persons Required 0 1 5 4 9 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 0 3 Sewerage Persons Required 0 1 5 25 31 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 4 12 16 Storm water drainage Persons Required 0 0 0 0 0 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 0 3 Roads, bridges and street lights Persons Required 0 1 5 20 26 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 12 15 Housing for E.W.S Persons Required 0 0 5 10 15 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 6 9 Social Development Persons Required 0 0 5 10 15 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 6 9 Disaster management Persons Required 0 0 5 25 31 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 3 6 9 Urban Governance Persons Required 0 0 5 10 15 Present status of occupation of the post 0 0 1 0 0
Total Persons Required by 2020‐21 1 4 41 124 169 Total of occupied posts 0 0 28 52 78 Number of retirement expected in next 5 years 0 0 5 10 15 Manpower requirement by 2021 1 4 18 82 106
Source: Authors analysis
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The class 1 post should be fulfilled with appointment of GAS cadre officer. Engineers, planners, finance and other professionals are recommended for the class 2 officer posts. Class 3 positions would comprise technicians/diploma holders and supervisors. Class 4 personnel would comprise the bulk of the need and would consist of maintenance personnel.
Capacity building requirements and implementation of the reforms
The training needs of the ULB are under assessment while the reforms are yet to be initiated at ULB level.
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12. Development Perspective and Vision for the City
Looking at the vast pool of employment opportunities in pipeline for Sanand, it is of foremost important to have a development perspective and vision for a controlled and inclusive development of the city. This chapter describes the approach of the Sanand Nagar Palika, which included in order of implementation, stakeholder consultation, Strength Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and formulation of the vision for future development.
The first meeting for the preparation of CDP was held in 22nd December 2009 where in the CDP policy Committee and the Technical committee were decided on. The Policy committee constituted of chairman AUDA, Municipal Commissioner AMC, Nodal officer GUDM and Chief Officer Sanand Nagar Palika.
Alongside this the technical committee was also setup to work with the consultant in preparation of CDP which included Engineer AMC, Engineer Sanand Nagar Palika, Senior Town Planner AUDA and Project monitoring and implementation officer GUDM. 12.1. Stakeholder Consultation Identification of Stakeholders and Process
The stakeholders meeting was carried out in November 2009 in the Nagar Palika Hall which was attending by 50 people from the community to know their perception of the growth and development of city in next twenty years and the major problems which they would like to get resolved as early as possible. This meeting was called upon by AUDA as a part of the Development Plan Process. Overall it was found that, being in close proximity to the megacity of Ahmedabad and the current developments in the surrounding region has changed the perception of the residents. The stakeholder meeting has come out with excellent outcomes which will help the congested city get transformed into a spacious, livable city with good environmental conditions. The minutes of this meeting were used to get an initial perspective on people’s views about development in Sanand.
Another stakeholder meeting was organized in December 2009 in Nagar Palika Hall. The stake holders who participated in the consultation process were: Government Organizations, officials, Residents, Non-government organizations.
Major Outcomes of consultation process
The major outcomes of the stakeholder consultation are:
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1 There is a plan to develop the city area by implementation of four Town Planning schemes, which are in the proposal stage. The citizens emphasize on the implementation of TP Schemes would enable the rapid provision of basic infrastructure services such as roads, gutter, streetlights, etc. 2 The Sanand Municipality area should be provided with Gardens, Water works, Drainage pumping stations, Educational facilities for which the process of land acquisition should be started immediately. 3 Sanand is located on the Sanand-Viramgam State highway no. 17, which passes through the core area of the city. Provision of service road on both sides of the highway is vital from safety point of view. 4 The road emerging from Sanand ST Bus Stand and going towards Kadi town is an important road in the region. This road should be declared as a DP/TP road and the condition should be improved. 5 Lake revitalization and beautification project for the Bhadreti Lake, Interlinking of lakes 6 Reservation of land for Municipality office and Fire Station 7 Quarters for the Municipality staff and affordable housing projects for the economically weaker sections. 8 Underground drainage system and development & maintenance of roads in the city area 9 Creation of Shopping Complex, malls, Swimming pulls, etc. 10 Over bridge at Bavala Road junction and Nal sarovar Road Junction on the Sanand-Viramgam State Highway
Apart from the above series of meeting and presentation were undertaken to access the progress in AMC and AUDA. The first presentation for the committees was held on 22nd March in AMC which was attended by the commissioner AMC, representatives from AUDA, Chief Officer Sanand, President Sanand Nagar Palika to name a few. The second series of presentation took place in AUDA on the 7th May, 2010 where in the technical people of the AUDA reviewed the CDP. The meeting was chaired by Chairman AUDA and comments on detailing on FOP sections of the CDP were given. The final presentation was again made in the chamber of Honorable Minister Urban Development in Gandhinagar on 25th May, 2010. This meeting was attended by the Minister himself apart from Chief Secretary, Chairman AUDA, Additional Secretary GUDM, Chief Officer Sanand, Director JnNURM, President Sanand Nagar Palika and other stake holders. The Draft CDP Sanand was approved on the same day by the State level steering committee.
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12.2. SWOT Analysis Strengths:
• Sanand has been declared as a Satellite town of Ahmedabad city: Proximity and functional linkages to Metro city Ahmedabad (20 km from Ahmedabad) are the key strengths • Sanand is well connected with mother city Ahmedabad and other important cities in the state. State highway (SH) 17 is the most important connecting road, connecting Ahmedabad towards East and Viramgam towards West. Other important state highways are SH 135 connecting Kadi towards North, SH 144 leading to Rajkot, towards South and SH 135 connecting to Sayla towards South West. • Dedicated Freight Corridor passes through Sanand Taluka
Weakness:
• Complete absence of two basic infrastructure facilities: Sewerage and Storm water drainage. • Congestion within city area, especially the market road. • Absence of reliable mode of transport to Ahmedabad. The residents have to rely on the inconvenient (in terms of timings) State transport services or the share auto rickshaws.
Opportunities:
• Sanand could be the hub for auto-industries in Gujarat. After Tata Motor’s Nano Manufacturing plant, the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India, Hero Honda, is also planning to set up a new manufacturing plant at Sanand. • Vast pools of lands are available in and around Sanand city lying vacant which can be released for the developments after implementation of TP Schemes. • Two Special Investment Regions, at Sanand and Changodar, are being developed adjoining the Sanand Taluka boundary. • Employment opportunities created by the industrial developments (auto industries, real estate developments)
Threats:
• Unplanned and chaotic growth of city possible if the pace of infrastructure development is not matched with the increase in population.
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• The implementation of planning regulations including building bye-laws should be adhered to along with speedy implementation of TP schemes. Delay in doing so would lead to uneven and uncontrolled escalation in property prices. • The ground water reserves in the region are already ‘over-exploited’. It is crucial to control the withdrawal of ground water by the industries especially in the two SIR regions. The strict implementation of the Ground water Bill is necessary. • The sex ratio of the city is alarmingly low, 887 in 2001. The sex ratio in the age group 0- 6 is 780 female children per 1000 male children.
12.3. Vision for the city Presently growing at moderate pace, Sanand must be equipped to face contemporary challenges. It should be able to integrate its past as well as modern development into an organic whole. With the new growth trends taking place in and around the city, it has new roles to play. The town has been conceives as a primarily a residential town catering to the needs of the industrial development in the region thereby releasing the population pressure of Ahmedabad.
1. Promoting growth by increased employment opportunities
It is essential to tap the upcoming employment opportunities by way making available skilled manpower, locally, as per the requirement of the industries. This can be achieved by provision of adequate technical institutes such as Engineering College, ITI (Industrial Training Institutes), etc. Also, provision of basic as well as social infrastructure facilities in the city, will make it more livable and hence would be preferred as a place to live by the migrated people.
2. Controlled Development especially in newly developing areas
One of the major reasons for the unplanned and chaotic growth of cities is the gap in the implementation of infrastructure facilities to cover the growing population and its spread. Hence, it is important that the implementation of planning regulations including building bye-laws should be adhered to along with speedy implementation of TP schemes. Delay in doing so would lead to uneven and uncontrolled escalation in property prices. While making the detailed TP plan for the city it is important to have at least 20-30% space for low income housing.
3. Growth in harmony with the Nature (Conservation of Natural Resources)
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The ground water reserves in the region are already ‘over-exploited’. It is crucial to control the withdrawal of ground water by the industries especially in the two SIR regions. The strict
VISION STATEMENT
Sanand to become a satellite town to Ahmedabad in the sense of providing high quality living spaces, good Infrastructure and Safe Livable Environment for supporting local employment and industrial growth in the vicinity of Ahmedabad.
• Safe livable environment for all its citizens • Controlled Development especially in newly developing areas • Growth in harmony with the Nature (Conservation of Natural Resources) • Resourceful market place catering to its own residents as well as nearby population • Efficient transportation links with the surrounding region especially Ahmedabad City
implementation of the Ground water Bill is necessary.
4. Resourceful market place catering to its own residents as well as nearby population which would be residing in the upcoming real estate / housing developments and the SIRs
Sanand would serve as the nearest city to the residents of the SIR area as well as other real estate developments along Nal-sarovar road. Sanand would serve as a resourceful market for all kind of commodities and services to this area which would ultimately help in creating employment opportunities.
5. Efficient transportation links with the surrounding region especially Ahmedabad city.
Being the satellite town of Ahmedabad, Sanand has functional linkages with Ahmedabad. Hence, it is vital to have an efficient system of transportation between these two cities which will further nurture the linkages. Along with this the city also needs a ring road which would act as a bypass to Sanand. There should be provision for the ring road in the town planning schemes.
Keeping the needs and the aspirations of the people in mind a vision for the city has been worked out
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13. CIP for Sanand Nagar Palika
The Capital Investment Plan (CIP) discusses different projects identified under the CDP for Sanand Municipality along with phasing of capital investment and means of finance for those projects. These projects are mainly for urban infrastructure identified under the exercise for Satellite town development scheme.
The phasing of capital investment has been suggested based on availability of financial resources (for new investments and O & M), technical capacity of Sanand Municipality for construction and O & M activities as well as priority for city development.
The phasing/ scheduling of investments have been carried out through an iterative process. The following principles of phasing have been taken into account.
Figure 13‐1 Principles of Phasing
• Priority based selection of projects in each sector.
• Completion year of 2012-13 set for all projects is aligned with the JnNURM guidelines to complete projects under the scheme in the above stipulated time limit
• Inter-sectoral linkages
The CIP includes identified projects to cater to the demand of the city populace by the year 2041.
13.1. Institutionalizing the CIP Process The Capital Investment Plan is an important element and is significant in terms of the city’s management process and sustainability with regard to the delivery of basic services. Since the CIP provides a framework for the annual budget cycle, it should be updated and revised every five years. The need for updating is on account of:
• Reassessment of city growth and infrastructure needs
• Detailed feasibility/ engineering studies carried out of new projects.
• Rescheduling of investments on ongoing projects due to cost and/ or time overruns.
• Reassigning priorities within the constraints of available financial resources
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13.2. CIP for Sanand Nagar Palika Capital Investment Plan and forecasted future needs for provision of capital facilities under each identified sector is presented below.
13.2.1. Capital Investments The capital expenditure requirements in each sector namely water supply, sewerage, storm water, solid waste, roads and bridges, social development, slum networking, disaster management, urban governance and capacity building etc has been calculated based on gap analysis output and the strategies listed under each service sector. The detailed project identification would be done at the DPR state and would aim at ensuring optimal and efficient utilization of existing infrastructure systems.
Accordingly, the total estimated capital expenditure required for providing efficient services to the population of Sanand Municipality by the year 2041 is about Rs.229 crore at the constant prices. The expenditure is divided into two phases considering executing capacity of the ULB and financial resources available with it. The first phase of investment is planned between 2010 and 2015 and balance is proposed to be implemented during 2021-25. The table below presents the summary of overall sector-wise investment requirements and means of finance.
Table 13‐1 Summary of Investment phasing Name of the sector 2010-15 2021-25 Total Central State UDA/ULB Govern Governm (10%) ment ent (10%) Own PPP (80%) Sources Water supply 4500 1000 5500 4400 550 550 0 Sewerage 2000 1500 3500 2800 350 350 Sanitation and Storm Water 1500 1000 2500 2000 250 250 Drainage Solid Waste 500 500 1000 400 50 50 500 Roads, bridges & street lights 3000 3000 6000 4800 600 600 Housing for EWS 400 500 900 720 90 90
Social Development 1100 900 2000 800 100 100 1000 Disaster management 300 200 500 400 50 50 Urban Governance 300 200 500 400 50 50 Total 13600 8800 22400 16720 2090 2090 1500 Source: Author’s Estimations Figures in Rs. Lakh
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While the below Table shows the detailed phasing of investment during the first phase.
Table 13‐2 Investment Phasing for Phase 1 Name of the sector 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014- Total 15 Water supply 900 900 900 900 900 4500 Sewerage 400 400 400 400 400 2000 Sanitation & Storm water drainage 300 300 300 300 300 1500 Solid waste management 100 100 100 100 100 500 Roads, bridges & street lights 600 600 600 600 600 3000 Housing for EWS 80 80 80 80 80 400 Social Development 220 220 220 220 220 1100 Disaster management
60 60 60 60 60 300 Urban Governance/ Capacity Bldg 60 60 60 60 60 300 Total 2720 2720 2720 2720 2720 13600 Source: Author’s Estimations Figures in Rs. Lakh
As far as sector wise investment is concerned, around 52% of the total capex is proposed to be made in the four core areas of Water Supply, Sewerage, Strom Water Drainage and Sanitation. Roads and bridges including streetlights require provision of 26%.
Key projects in water sector are Augmentation of Narmada Canal, Water Source Development through storage and trapping, Ground Water Treatment Plant, Strengthening of Distribution Network, Creation of Overhead Pumps and introduction of meter based billing system. Whereas capital works for SWD mainly comprises lying of pipelines.
Investment for Social Infrastructure and reforms in Urban Governance/Capacity Building is 11% of the total investment each. The social infrastructure includes development of open spaces, gardens and education institutes as per the gaps identified under the CDP. The education institutes comprise 50% of the total investment in Social infrastructure. Such projects would attract private sector participation as they are commercially viable. Hence, Education institutes are proposed to be developed on PPP basis.
Reforms in Urban governance mainly comprise capacity building Information Technology based initiatives in the governance system. The cost mainly includes purchase of software, consulting charges, training fees and such other soft elements.
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It is learnt that preparedness of Sanand municipality to face any natural or manmade disaster is in very initial stage. There is lack of responding facilities from fire fighting equipments to trauma care centre. Thus it is proposed to create such facility to cope with unexpected calamities. 2% of total investment is proposed for Disaster Management.
Basic services for the Urban Poor comprise 4% of the total investment. It includes projects such as slum networking and construction of houses for EWS.
It is observed during assessment of actual municipal finance that the revenue surplus is around Rs 65 lakh in last two years and is expected to be around Rs 80 lakh in 2009-10. Against this kind of revenue surplus, the O&M burden that would be created would be much higher (in the range of 4-5% of the Capex). Aware of this situation, the Government of Gujarat has proposed to provide a specific O&M Assistance / grant every year through the Ahmedabad Urban Dev Authority (AUDA) or any similar institution. This will make the investment sustainable and allow the reaping of the benefits of the satellite city development.
Also the ULB does not have a capacity to execute capital projects of value more than 2 crore in a year. This capacity could increase with reforms and capacity building. The AMC / AUDA / GoG will be assisting in this area also. The means of finance for the above investment is discussed here further
13.2.1. Means of Finance The sources of funds for the above proposed projects would be as follows. The Central Government shall provide 90% of the total investment while the ULB would manage rest 10% as per the guidelines for the Satellite Town Development Scheme.
Table 13‐3 Means of Finance Name of the sector Govt. of Govt. of ULB (10% Total India (80%) Gujarat (10%) Own PPP Sources Water supply 3600 450 450 0 4500 Sewerage 1600 200 200 0 2000 Sanitation & Storm water drainage 1200 150 150 0 1500 Solid waste management 400 50 50 0 500 Roads, bridges & street lights 2400 300 300 0 3000 Slum networking and Housing for EWS 320 40 40 0 400 Social Development 480 60 60 500 1100 Disaster management 240 30 30 0 300 Urban Governance 240 30 30 0 300 Total 10480 1310 1310 500 13600 Source: Author’s Analysis Figures in Rs. Lakh
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As can be seen in the above table, 50% of investment in sectors such as social development (education and healthcare), 75% of investment in solid waste management can be materialized in PPP format. Also 50% investment in streetlight development (out of estimated cost of Rs. 200 lakh) would be made with community participation where the installment cost shall be borne by the beneficiaries of the street light while the O&M would be done by the ULB. However PPP in other areas of urban infrastructure is very difficult to implement on successful basis.
Around 82% of the total investment shall be funded by the Central Government while 9% shall be financed by the UDA/ULBs own sources.
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14. Financial Operating Plan
The Capital Investment Plan described in the earlier chapter creates its own burden of Operating and Maintenance Costs. This burden is met through the operating surplus created through revenue income over revenue expenditure. This operating surplus is typically used for capital expenditure but if the O&M expenditure increases, it is met through an increase in revenue expenditure. The level of operating surplus available defines the sustainability of the capital investments in the long run. Thus municipalities with high operating surplus have capacity to bear high O&M costs and thus such ULBs can absorb higher capital investments.
Small towns like Sanand typically have low operating surplus. Often the operating ratio (revenue income over revenue expenditure) of small towns is unfavorable. It is therefore important to ensure that the level of capital investment is sustainable and is phased correctly.
The level of operating surplus for Sanand is shown in the chapter on Municipal Finance. It shows that Sanand Municipality has generated a surplus of around Rs 65 lakh as operating surplus in 2007-08 and 2008-09. The surplus could be slightly higher to the tune of Rs 80 lakh in 2009-10 as per early indications.
However, while this level of operating surplus is not unhealthy (it represents an operating ratio of 23% versus a desirable 40%), in order to sustain the CIP, the operating surplus needs to be higher in the future. An analysis of the revenue structure of Sanand reveals that it is possible to increase it to a level of around Rs 200-300 lakh through various measures as follows;
Tax revenue
• Average demand of combined tax value per property including property tax, conservancy tax, water tax and street light charges is estimated to increase upto Rs. 2400 in 2020-21 from existing Rs. 1900. Based on increase of 10% in rates every five years. This is based on the continuation of the prevailing practice of such revision presently.
• Estimated no. of taxable properties would be increased up to 24,500 by 2020-21 from existing 12,500.
• Coverage ratio would be 100% while tax collection ratio would be 85%. This is based on ULBs own estimates and the same have been committed by it in the reforms.
• At present there are 792 professionals who pay average Rs 2000 as professional tax. This is likely to increase to 1400 by 2020-21. The tax rate would increase 5% in every five years
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Calculation of the all tax income is given in the Annexure 1
Non Tax revenue
Two major sources of non tax income namely rents on municipal properties and new construction fees are estimated to grow at 25% each. Past trend for both the income shows healthy 23% and 50% CAGR (For last four years). Considering the high growth potential of Sanand it is estimated to boost the given rate.
The revenue expenditure is estimated to grow with the past trend with influx of additional O&M expenses that would incurred from the new investment. The additional O&M burden can be reduced by taking up some of the projects on PPP basis. That has been discussed earlier.
Given the level of CIP discussed earlier, the level of O&M Expenditure is placed below. The O&M Expenditure increases coinciding with the phasing of capital expenditure.
Table 14‐1 Estimation of Operating and Maintenance Liability arising from the CIP investments Calculation of O&M (Rs. Lakh) Implementation Operation period period 2010-11 2014-15 2015-16 2017-18 2019-20 2020-21
Water supply 40 200 210 232 255 268 Water Storage 15 75 79 87 96 101 Sewerage 8 40 42 46 51 54 Sanitation & Storm water 3 15 16 17 19 20 drainage Roads and bridges 0 113 118 130 144 151 Housing/E.W.S (VAMBAY) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social Development 9 44 46 51 56 59 Disaster management 2 12 13 14 15 16 Urban Governance 2 12 13 14 15 16 Total 80 511 536 591 652 684
Source: Author’s Analysis
The key question of whether the given level of CIP is sustainable in terms of the ULB’s capability to meet this level of O&M Expenditure is answered in the full financial operating plan for Sanand Municipality placed in the table below. The FOP shows the following features:
• The revenue income level of Sanand rises from present around Rs 3 crore in 2009-10 to around Rs 14 crore to 2020-21
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
• The revenue surplus is not enough to meet the operating expenditure arising from the CIP in most years. However the capacity of the ULB to absorb a higher level of capital works is enhanced through the mechanism of an O&M Assistance Grant from the AUDA/GoG which would be filling this deficit to allow sustainable investments.
• A sum of Rs 500 lakh is set aside from the municipal fund for completion of existing projects.
Table 14‐2 Status of municipal finance Status of Municipal finance (Rs. Lakh) 2009-10 2010-11 2014-15 2015-16 2020-21 Revenue Income 383.16 447.72 960.71 1047.21 1678.39 Revenue expenditure 235.67 259.03 383.87 425.09 692.47 Additional O&M 0.00 79.60 510.50 536.03 684.12 Revenue surplus / deficit 147.50 109.10 66.34 86.10 301.81
Capital income 166.00 2720.00 2720.00 169.32 186.94 Capital expenditure 222.00 3120.00 2720.00 118.52 130.86 Capital surplus / deficit ‐56.00 ‐400.00 0.00 50.80 56.08
Status of Municipal Fund
Particular 2009-10 2010-11 2014-15 2015-16 2020-21 Opening Balance 563.87 655.36 542.22 608.56 1437.01 Revenue surplus / deficit 147.50 109.10 66.34 86.10 301.81 Capital surplus / deficit ‐56.00 ‐400.00 0.00 50.80 56.08 Closing Balance 655.36 364.46 608.56 745.46 1794.90 Source: Author’s Analysis
Despite various measures and reforms suggested to increase own sources of revenue and considered in the projection of the FOP, an aggregate estimated O&M assistance of Rs. 7.90 crore upto 2020-21 would be required for the sustenance of the CIP. This is after almost enhancement of own sources revenue through conventional (increase in tax base, tax rate, collection efficiency etc.) and unconventional (PPP etc.). However, the burden in this regard for O&M assistance works out to be only Rs. 65 lakh pa on an average.
It can be seen from the summary of the FOP through a mix of increase in revenue income levels and the O&M assistance / grant discussed earlier, the burden of O&M expenditure for the next twenty years arising from the CIP is sustainable.
The details of the FOP are shown in the table following this chapter.
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Annexure: Details of Projected Municipal Finance of Sanand
Annexure 1: Revenue Account
A) Revenue Income
Particular 2009‐10 2010‐11 2014‐15 2015‐16 2020‐21 Revenue Account Revenue Income A Municipal Rates and Taxes 1 Property tax a Property tax 43.25 49.74 83.21 91.53 134.31 b Water tax 23.90 27.49 45.98 50.58 74.22 Sub Total 67.15 77.22 129.19 142.11 208.53 Other Direct Taxes (Mech. Veh Tax & 2 Theatre Tax) a Entertainment tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 b Professional Tax (E.C.) 9.99 11.49 19.22 21.14 31.03 c Professional Tax (R.C.) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 d Street light tax 6.94 8.32 16.54 19.02 31.90 e Sewarage tax 8.08 9.69 19.26 22.15 37.13 f Education cess 8.91 10.69 21.24 24.43 40.96 Sub Total 33.91 40.19 76.26 86.74 141.02 Total ‐ Municipal Rates and Taxes – A 101.06 117.42 205.45 228.85 349.55 B Non‐Tax Revenue 1 Rents from Muni. Properties a Lease Rent from Land /shops 15.19 17.46 29.22 32.14 47.16 b Commercial Bldgs/Markets 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.34 0.37 c Community hall 3.02 3.48 6.08 7.00 14.07 Sub‐Total 18.51 21.25 35.63 39.47 61.60
CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
2 Public Service Charges/ Fees a Water Connection/ Disconnection Fee 4.06 4.66 7.80 8.58 12.60 Birth/ Death Reg. Fee (incl Late Fee) / c Marriage reg. and true copy fees 0.10 0.12 0.19 0.21 0.39 d Property transfer fee/extact charge 2.91 3.50 7.25 8.70 16.58 e Shop transfer fee 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 f Shops and Establishment fee 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 g Ambulance fees 0.62 0.71 1.19 1.31 1.93 h Deposits 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 i New construction fee/penalty 13.27 15.93 31.65 36.40 61.03 j Advertisement income 1.64 1.76 2.30 2.46 3.45 l Electricity income from slum area 0.21 0.22 0.27 0.29 0.37 Sub‐Total 24.67 28.75 52.51 59.81 98.19 Total ‐ B 43.18 49.99 88.14 99.28 159.80 C Other Sources 1 General Grants, Contributions, Subsidies
a General grant, contrib. and subsidy 60.74 75.93 177.95 213.54 531.37 b Octroi compensation grant 97.54 101.44 118.67 123.42 150.15 c O&M Assistance/ Grant from AUDA/GOG 0.00 0.00 341.48 330.06 185.89 Sub‐Total 158.28 177.36 638.10 667.02 867.41 2 Interest a Other 12.97 14.91 26.08 30.00 60.33 Sub‐Total 12.97 14.91 26.08 30.00 60.33 3 Sales Proceeds a Scrap Sales 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 b Tender Forms Sales 0.57 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.63 Sub‐Total 0.74 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.83 4 Miscellaneous Income
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
Deposits forfeited (Other than Octroi a Deposit) 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 b Other Miscellaneous Income 0.48 0.52 0.74 0.80 1.24 d Advance recovered 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.13 e Recovery of Salary Expense 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.86 0.90 f remuniration for animal counting 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 Sub‐Total 1.51 1.57 1.85 1.93 2.47 Sub‐ Total‐C 173.50 194.60 666.81 699.74 931.04
Total Revenue Income 317.74 362.01 960.41 1027.87 1440.39
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
B) Revenue Expenditure
Particular 2009‐10 2010‐11 2014‐15 2015‐16 2020‐21 Revenue Account Revenue Expenditure A Establishment Expenses 1 Salary & Wages a Salary & Wages 86.52 93.44 127.13 137.30 201.74 b LIC premium 5.72 6.18 8.41 9.08 13.34 Sub‐Total 92.24 99.62 135.54 146.38 215.08 2 Pension a Gratuity 0.42 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.59 b P.F.Contribution 9.30 9.30 9.30 9.30 9.30 Sub‐Total 9.72 9.74 9.79 9.81 9.89 3 Other Employee Costs a Bonus 1.52 1.53 1.59 1.61 1.69 b Leave Encashment 1.30 1.35 1.58 1.65 2.01 c Professonal tax expense on employees 0.97 1.06 1.56 1.71 2.76 Sub‐Total 3.79 3.95 4.74 4.97 6.46 Sub‐Total ‐ A 105.75 113.31 150.06 161.16 231.42 B Administration & General Expenses 1 Rents‐Rates‐Taxes a Water Cess 4.19 4.27 4.63 4.72 5.21 b Provision for taxes 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.43 Sub‐Total 4.57 4.66 5.03 5.12 5.64 2 Printing & Stationary a Printing & Stationary 1.12 1.23 1.80 1.98 3.18 Sub‐Total 1.12 1.23 1.80 1.98 3.18 3 Traveling & Conveyance expenses a Outstation Travel Expenses 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
Sub‐Total 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 4 Professional & Other fees/ Charges a Legal Fees/ Charges 0.87 0.96 1.40 1.54 2.48 Sub‐Total 0.87 0.96 1.40 1.54 2.48 5 Other Expenses a Publicity & Advertisement 0.46 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.51 c Election & Census 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.26 d Petrol & Diesel Expenses 4.65 5.34 9.35 10.75 21.62 e Electricity Charges 75.51 86.84 151.88 174.66 321.42 f Consumable Stores (other than prnt. & statio) 1.24 1.36 1.99 2.19 3.53 g Discount & Commission 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Solid waste management & swachhata abhiyan h grant exp 2.00 2.04 2.20 2.25 2.48 i Deposits 3.22 3.35 3.92 4.08 4.96 j Contingency Expense 3.58 3.93 5.76 6.34 10.21 k Sub‐Total 90.87 103.56 175.83 201.00 365.00 Sub‐Total ‐ B 97.53 110.50 184.16 209.74 376.41 C Repairs & Maintenance of Fixed Assets a Buildings 0.78 0.79 0.82 0.83 0.87 b Public Spaces 4.84 5.32 7.79 8.57 13.80 c Roads/ Bridges/ Street lights 8.43 9.27 13.57 14.93 24.04 e Water Supply 14.70 16.16 23.67 26.03 41.93 f Vehicles & Transp. Equipments 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 g Office Equipments 1.45 1.48 1.60 1.63 1.80 Additional O&M 0.00 79.60 510.50 536.03 684.12 Sub‐Total ‐ C 32.38 114.82 560.14 590.21 768.76 Total Revenue Expenditure 235.67 338.63 894.37 961.11 1376.59
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CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN SANAND 2010‐2015
Annexure 2 : Capital Account
Particular 2009‐10 2010‐11 2014‐15 2015‐16 2020‐21 A Capital Income Grant and Contribution for satellite town development Govt. of India 2096.00 2096.00 0.00 0.00 GOG 262.00 262.00 ULB sources 262.00 262.00 0.00 262.00 PPP 100.00 100.00 0.00 262.00 Sub‐Total 0.00 2720.00 2720.00 0.00 524.00 Other grants and contribution 166.00 0.00 0.00 169.32 186.94 Total Capital Income 166.00 2720.00 2720.00 169.32 710.94
A Capital Expenditure Water supply 900.00 900.00 Sewerage 400.00 400.00 Storm water drainage 300.00 300.00 Solid waste management 100.00 100.00 Roads, bridges & street lights 600.00 600.00 Slum networking and Housing for EWS 80.00 80.00 Social Development 220.00 220.00 Disaster management 60.00 60.00 Urban Governance 60.00 60.00 Set aside for current projects under execution 0.00 400.00 Regular capital exp. 222.00 118.52 130.86
Total Capital Expenditure 222.00 3120.00 2720.00 118.52 130.86
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MAPS 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP STUDY AREA RAILWAY
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SCALE CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT 1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Ahmedabad Urban Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 1.0 BASE MAP SANAND NAGARPALIKA . XY XY XY XY XY XY
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XY X Y 72°10'0"E XY 72°20'0"E 72°30'0"E XY X XY XY NH 8A Ahmedabad to XY Bavla XY XY XY CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE 0 2.5 5 10 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Ahmedabad Urban Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 2.1 REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY MAP SANAND NAGARPALIKA . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP STUDY AREA RAILWAY
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CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY SANAND Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NAGARPALIKA NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 2.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SANAND NAGARPALIKA BOUNDARY . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
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SCALE CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY CENSUS 2001 Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 2.3 DENSITY MAP SANAND NAGARPALIKA (2001) . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
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72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E 88 - 93
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus CENSUS 2001 NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 2.4 LITERACY RATE SANAND NAGARPALIKA (2001) . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
S a n a n KEY MAP d
C STUDY AREA h RAILWAY e k l a
U p t o
D i s t r i c t
L 23°1'0"N i m
i t
R 23°1'0"N o a d
d oa d R an an d S 2 5 Roa d 3 la ra She 1 h 1 ti id Kana A a N H hm um S e Gh da al b op ad B V bli ir m am A ga m 23°0'0"N LEGEND R d o oa a . R d APMC pp 23°0'0"N ! ti A ! Landmarks ne Town Hall Ka S ! H Connectivity 1 d 7 a
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R RAILWAY 5 a
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u ITI h State Highway 3 G !
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a 22°59'0"N 6 d Gibpura d a o B Nagarpalika Boundary a 22°59'0"N R ar a v h o t ar i als r WARD BOUNDARY i N a al K ni A a ia l hh v Waterbody inc a d V B an 7 d S an a Canal S a n o a n R d
a K l o Tanks v la a t C
B
9 h l a Landuse
a g o w d a u r J S Gamtal R i a o d n a a d a n 22°58'0"N g d Residential n M a
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22°58'0"N ti d d Commercial Zone a e
n v t a i M S o Industrial Zone r iy a R Industrial/Commercial Zone o a d Open Space
72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E Tank/River
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Ahmedabad Urban Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 3.1 LANDUSE PROPOSED SANAND NAGARPALIKA (2011) . 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP RAILWAY STUDY AREA
d
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a S o t d R i LEGEND n m 4 na i a L d oa d S 2 t la R ! Landmarks a c he 1 r i i S h r at id t Kan N s A i h ma ! m u D [ Slum e h d G o a al t
b p p a Bo Connectivity d li U V b i m a ra A l RAILWAY m 2 k ga e m h 23°0'0"N State Highway R C d o oa ad d . R Major District Road n APMC p 23°0'0"N p !a ti A n ne a Other District Road S Town Hall Ka H S ! 3 17 Other Road d
a 3 o DFC_Corridor R 5 a Nagarpalika Boundary m
u ITI h Ward Boundary 3 G ! ! a 4 [ l Gamtal ! e [ Police Station h d S
a ! Waterbody v o a l R e Canal a 8 T h
k 1 r Tanks a 22°59'0"N 6 d Gibpura d a TPScheme o B a 22°59'0"N R ar a 1 v h ro t a i als r li N a 2 a K ni A a ia l 3 h v ch Vin a d B 4 an 7 d S an a S a n o a n Built Up Description R d
a K l o Brick Kilns and Extractive Area v la a t C B 9 Educational And Research h l a
a g o Govt./Semi Govt./Public Offices w d a u r J S Low Rise Residential(Detached, Semidetached,
R i a o d n a Row house etc) a d a n 22°58'0"N g d Low Rise Residential(Detached, Semidetached, n a M Row house etc) & Education & Research
F o 22°58'0"N t Mixed Low Rise Residential use(Appt. Type) d id a e (partly Residentail & any other use) n v t a i M Mixed Low Rise Residential use(Appt. Type) S o r (partly Residentail) & Education & Research iy a Retail Shopping, Shoping, Commercial centre R o Retail Shopping, Shoping centre, a d Commercial centre & Religious centre Service and Light Industry Slum type/Kachha/Unplanned/Informal Settlements Residential Use 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE 1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Ahmedabad Urban Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 3.2 TP SCHEME (2011) SANAND NAGARPALIKA WITH BUILT-UP MAP . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
S a n a n KEY MAP d
C STUDY AREA h RAILWAY e k l a
U p t o
D i s t r i c t
L 23°1'0"N i 2 m i t
R 23°1'0"N o a 3000 d
ad A o h d R m an e an d da S 2 Roa 5 a ba 1 ad Shel r 3 i d dh nat V i 1 Ka N ira 3 a m um H g S a Gh m al R op o B ad bli Am 6000 LEGEND
23°0'0"N d oa . R Landmarks 4000 APMC pp 23°0'0"N ti A ne Town Hall Ka
S d Prevaling Rate (Rs/Sq.yard) H a o 17 R 5 Connectivity a 3000 m 4 u ITI h RAILWAY G 3 a 4 l e State Highway h
S 7000 1 v a l Major District Road Police Station e 8 T 4000 Other District Road 6 22°59'0"N d Gibpura ao Other Road 22°59'0"N r R 6000 va aro als LandValue i N ial An ia hh Nagarpalika Boundary inc d V an 7 d S an a WARD BOUNDARY S a n o a n R d K a l 3000 o Gamtal v la
a t C
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h l a Waterbody
a g o w d a u r J S Canal R i a o d n a a d a n 22°58'0"N g d Tanks n M a
F o t 22°58'0"N i d d Jantri Zones and Rates a e v n t a i M S o 1 (1792.5 Rs/sq yard) r iy a R 2 (597.5 Rs/sq yard) o a d 3 (1434 Rs/sq yard)
72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E 4 (1792.5 Rs/sq yard)
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY REVENUE Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India DEPARTMENT MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 www.cept.ac.in JANTRI RATE/ Website : http:// 3.3 SANAND NAGARPALIKA PREVAILING RATE MAP 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP STUDY AREA RAILWAY
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id t Kan N s H A i h a m S m u D e h d G o a al t b p p a Bo d li U V b i m a ra A l m " k ga e m h 23°0'0"N
#" R C d o oa ad d . R n APMC p 23°0'0"N p !a ti A n ne LEGEND a a S Town Hall K H !"!! S 1 7 d ! a Landmarks o
R " 5 a ! m SUMP " u #"ITI h G ! 3 " a # ESR l
e 4 " Police Station h d S " !! a ! " # v Existing Tubewell o " a l R e 6 a T h 8 Pipeline " k r d a 22°59'0"N ao d " Gibpura R a ar Connectivity v B o 22°59'0"N r lsa a a h N t li i nia r RAILWAY A a ia K hh c a Vin l d v State Highway n a na Sa B
d 7 S a a n Major District Road o a n R d
a K l o v la Other District Road a t C
B 9 h l a
a g o Other Road w d a u r J S
R i a o d n a a d Nagarpalika Boundary a n 22°58'0"N g d n
a M
F o Ward Boundary 22°58'0"N t d id
a e
n v t a i M Gamtal S o r iy a Waterbody R o a d Canal
Tanks 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE 1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY SANAND Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India NAGARPALIKA MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 www.cept.ac.in Website : http:// 4.1 WATER SUPPLY SANAND NAGARPALIKA SYSTEM SANAND . 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP STUDY AREA RAILWAY
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id t Kan N s H A a i
h m S m u D e h d G o a al t b p p a Bo d i U V bl i m a ra A l m k ga e m h 23°0'0"N
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5 a
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e 4 Police Station h Landmarks d S
a v o a l R e 6 a T Soild Waste Dumping Site h 8 k [email protected] r d a 22°59'0"N ao d Gibpura R a ar Connectivity v B o 22°59'0"N r lsa a a h N t li i ia r RAILWAY An a ia K hh c a Vin l d v State Highway n a na Sa B
d 7 S a a n Major District Road o a n R d K a l o v la Other District Road
a t C
B 9 h l a
a g o Other Road w d a u r J S
R i a o d n a a d Nagarpalika Boundary a n 22°58'0"N g d n
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F o t Ward Boundary 22°58'0"N i d d
a e
n v t a i M Gamtal S o r iy a Waterbody R o a d Canal
Tanks 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY SANAND Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India NAGARPALIKA MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 www.cept.ac.in Website : http:// 4.2 SOLID WASTE SANAND NAGARPALIKA DUMPING SITE 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E SH 135 Sanand to 7T2°23'0h"E ol 72°24'0"E SH 7B2°25' 0"SE anand to Bopal 72°26'0"E
m N a KEY MAP i d g h STUDY AREA a r m Region Rail C a orridor (Ext.) d a RAILWAY r A
i p p . V R
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a N R Proposed Road
ali j a n ni A y i a ia S hh an a r S nc a BRTS i n o V B d d a
d n M a v K n a o t a l S a l a a Other Road t l o K C o a h K
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S 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E SH Sanan72°2d3'0"E to Bavla 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Ahmedabad Urban Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 5.1 CONNECTIVITY MAP SANAND NAGARPALIKA . 72°20'0"E Ambli-Bopal-Ghuma-Sanand KEY MAP Bavla-Sanand-Kadi # STUDY AREA RAILWAY #
5 ad 3 o 1 R d H n d a S an a S o d a R r h t id i S N H a m d i a m 17 a Ro u L el h Sh t i A l G anat h a c K m p i o r ed i B t l s b i ab m a A D d V o i t ra LEGEND m p
g U a ad 23°0'0"N ! m a o l Landmarks R . R o k p a e APMC p 23°0'0"N d i A h! t ne C a Town Hall K # Survey Location d ! d a n o a PCU Count
n R
a a S 10900 m
u ITI h 11113 ! G Sanand-Nalsarovar road a l 12345 Police Station e Ahmedabad-Viramgam Road h d ! S # a 13879
o v # a R l
e a Sanand-Chekhala-kadi 44641 d T ao h R k ar r Connectivity v a ro # d lsa X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y a a N National Highway li B ia n a A h ia d State Highway h t h i a c r in o V a d R Major District Road n K S a n a a a a n S l y a i Other District Road v
n a
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d r Y X
o Y
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Canal X
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Tanks X
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Gamtal X
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DFC Corridor X
X Y
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72°20'0"E INDUSTRIAL LOCATION X
X Y
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SCALE X Y
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY PROJECT X Y
SOURCE X
X Y Y
1 0.5 0 1 X
X Y Y
Kilometers X
Y SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN X Y
CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY X X Y Y
ROAD & BUILDING X
Y
Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus X Y
NORTH X Y
University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India DEPARTMENT MAP TITLE REMARKS X
Y
MAP NUMBER X Y
Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 X
X Y Y
Website : http://www.cept.ac.in X Y
TRAFFIC SURVEY X
X Y Y
5.2 X Y
SANAND NAGARPALIKA X Y
LOCATION MAP X
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72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E KEY MAP STUDY AREA RAILWAY
d
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a t 23°1'0"N
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S 5 d t a c 3 r i h r 1 id t N s A a i H h m S m u D e h d l G o a pa t Kanati Shela Road LEGEND b p a Bo d li U V b i m a ra A l m k Social Infrastructure ga e . Road h pp m aneti A 23°0'0"N R C K Healthcare/ Medical Facility o ad d n 23°0'0"N a Educational Facility n S a H S
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22°59'0"N od a Police Station a h R k r r va o a 22°59'0"N r lsa d Grave Yard a a N li B nia A a ia h Institutional Building h t h i inc r d V a n K Connectivity na a a S l v d a S a RAILWAY B a o n a R n d a l K State Highway
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72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT SCALE
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY SANAND Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NAGARPALIKA NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 7.1 SOCIAL SANAND NAGARPALIKA INFRASTRUCTURE 72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
S a n d KEY MAP a a n o d R STUDY AREA
C n o h ti RAILWAY e a k t l S a N d id U h n a p a r t n a o a d A D S p i p s . t r R i o c a t d L i m
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M 22°58'0"N o Waterbody t id e v t i M Canal o r iy a Status of Waterbody R o a d Dry Filled
72°20'0"E 72°21'0"E 72°22'0"E 72°23'0"E 72°24'0"E 72°25'0"E 72°26'0"E
SCALE CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT
1 0.5 0 1 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus Ahmedabad Urban NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India Development Authority MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 8.1 STATUS OF LAKES SANAND NAGARPALIKA IN SANAND .
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72°10'0"E 72°20'0"E 72°30'0"E 72°40'0"E X 72°50'0"E 73°0'0"E
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Dark
22°40'0"N Grey
White 72°10'0"E 72°20'0"E 72°30'0"E 72°40'0"E 72°50'0"E
SCALE CLIENT STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY SOURCE PROJECT 0 4 8 16 SANAND CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Kilometers CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY CENTRAL Kasturbhai Lalbhai Campus NORTH University road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India GROUND WATER MAP NUMBER MAP TITLE REMARKS Telephone No : 079-26302470/26302740/26306652 BOARD Website : http://www.cept.ac.in 8.2 GROUND WATER POTENTIAL SANAND NAGARPALIKA IN AND AROUND SANAND .