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Pathways for Non-Native Species in Denmark

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department of geosciences and natural resource management university of copenhagen department of geosciences and natural resource management universitety of copenhagen rolighedsvej 23 DK-1958 frederiksberg c tel. +45 3533 1500 www.ign.ku.dk Pathways for non-native species in Denmark Corrie Lynne Madsen, Christina Marita Dahl, Karen Bruun Thirslund, Fabienne Grousset, Vivian Kvist Johannsen and Hans Peter Ravn IGN Report April 2014 Title Pathways for non-native species in Denmark Authors Corrie Lynne Madsen, Christina Marita Dahl, Karen Bruun Thirslund, Fabienne Grousset, Vivian Kvist Johannsen and Hans Peter Ravn Citation Madsen, C. L., Dahl, C. M., Thirslund, K. B., Grousset, F., Johannsen, V. K. and Ravn, H. P. (2014): Pathways for non-native species in Denmark. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenha- gen, Frederiksberg. 131 pp. Publisher Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 23 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C Tel. +45 3533 1500 [email protected] www.ign.ku.dk Responsible under the press law Niels Elers Koch ISBN 978-87-7903-656-7 Cover Karin Kristensen Cover Photos Hans Ulrik Riisgård Hans Peter Ravn Jonas Roulund Published This report is only published at www.ign.ku.dk Citation allowed with clear source indication Written permission is required if you wish to use the name of the institute and/or part of this report for sales and advertising purposes 1. Preface This report is a collaboration between the Danish Nature Agency and Department for Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen. It is an update and analysis of knowledge on introduction pathways for non‐native species into Denmark in order to meet the demands for common efforts addressing challenges from alien invasive species. The project period was October 1st to December 31st 2013. The rate of introductions of non native species is increasing exponentially. With increased globalization the number of pathways from which species may spread, is enormous. Species being introduced outside their natural environment may be able to establish and disperse in new environments occasionally having an adverse effect on native biodiversity. These species are alien invasive species. In order to evaluate the importance of different pathways, we have sought out detailed documentation for when and how non‐native species were introduced to Denmark. Using the NOBANIS database with aproximately 2.700 introduced species, we have identified pathways of introduction and scored each species for effects. For this we followed the HARMONIA guidelines, and added evaluations of adverse economic and human health impacts. An analysis of introduction pathways was made for each species group, as well as for all organisms. Finally a prioritization of species based on cumulative scores was made. The main out‐come of this project is the updated NOBANIS database with added columns on economic and human health impacts and the possibilities for analysis it provides. Essentially it makes out a background for prioritizing future countermeasures. In this report we shall present the methods used and the overall results from the work. Since the situation is non‐static and ever‐changing the documentary part of this work and its conclusions are time specific and evaluated impacts could – and should – be debated. However we believe results could create a fair foundation for further tracking of introductions and for the debate on impacts and prioritization. Frederiksberg, April 2014 Hans Peter Ravn University of Copenhagen, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, Forest and Landscape 3 Contents 1. Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Resume ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 4. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 9 5. Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Data material ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Assessments and the scoring system .......................................................................................................... 11 Pathway categories ..................................................................................................................................... 14 EPPO species ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Literature search ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Specialist reviews ........................................................................................................................................ 17 6. Analyses of species‐groups ...................................................................................................................... 19 Angiosperma ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Bryophyta .................................................................................................................................................... 24 Coniferae ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Fungi ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 Macroalgae .................................................................................................................................................. 30 Phytoplankton ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Annelida ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 Arthropoda .................................................................................................................................................. 33 Aves ............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Ctenophora .................................................................................................................................................. 40 Pisces ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 Platyhelminthes ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Mammalia .................................................................................................................................................... 43 4 Mollusca ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Nematoda .................................................................................................................................................... 47 Reptilia and amphibia .................................................................................................................................. 48 7. Analysis of pathways ............................................................................................................................... 49 Analysis of impact ........................................................................................................................................ 58 High risk species .......................................................................................................................................... 59 Analysis of development over time ............................................................................................................. 61 8. Constraints and recommendations ......................................................................................................... 63 NOBANIS .................................................................................................................................................. 63 The assessments ...................................................................................................................................... 63 9. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 66 10. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. 67 11. References
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  • Predation of the Introduced Cladoceran Cercopagis Pengoi on the Native Copepod Eurytemora Affinis in the Northern Baltic Sea

    Predation of the Introduced Cladoceran Cercopagis Pengoi on the Native Copepod Eurytemora Affinis in the Northern Baltic Sea

    Vol. 362: 193–200, 2008 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published June 30 doi: 10.3354/meps07441 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Predation of the introduced cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi on the native copepod Eurytemora affinis in the northern Baltic Sea Maiju Lehtiniemi1,*, Elena Gorokhova2 1Finnish Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 2, 00561 Helsinki, Finland 2Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT: We studied the potential of an introduced species, the predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi, to influence native zooplankton populations in the Baltic Sea. Feeding rates (FRs) of different instars of C. pengoi on Eurytemora affinis, a dominant copepod species, were determined experimen- tally. The FRs of C. pengoi varied from 0.7 to 4.8 prey predator–1 d–1 and were significantly higher in older instars. Based on the experimental results and long-term zooplankton abundance data from the Gulf of Finland, we estimated the in situ predation rates. Our results imply that at maximum abun- dance, the C. pengoi population feeding in dense prey patches could consume as many as 105 E. affi- nis m–3 d–1. This could explain the observed drastic decrease in copepod abundances in the eastern Gulf of Finland, the region with the highest C. pengoi abundance after the expansion of this species. Such a decline may strengthen food competition between other zooplanktivores, i.e. planktivorous fish and mysids, feeding on the same copepod prey in regions where C. pengoi may reach high abun- dances. In the Gulf of Finland, especially in the eastern parts, a collapse of E. affinis, a key species in the pelagic system, would cause major changes in virtually all trophic levels, because the food web structure is simple with only a few species of zooplankton, planktivores, and piscivores.