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The Biology of Hagfishes the Biology of Hagfishes THE BIOLOGY OF HAGFISHES THE BIOLOGY OF HAGFISHES J0RGEN M0RUP J0RGENSEN, JENS PETER LOMHOLT, ROY E. WEBER and HANSMALTE Department of Zoophysiology Institute of Biological Sciences University of Aarhus Denmark luni Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Published by Chapman and HaU, an imprint of Thomson Science, 2--6 Boundary Row, London SEl 8HN, UK Thomson Science, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SEl 8HN, UK Thomson Science, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Thomson Science, Suite 750, 400 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Thomson Science, Pappelallee 3, 694469 Weinheim, Germany First edition 1998 © 1998 Springer Science+ Business Media Dordrecht OriginaUy published by Chapman & HaU Ltdin 1998 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998 Typeset in 10112pt Palatino by Cambrian Typesetters, Frimley, Surrey ISBN 978-94-010-6465-1 ISBN 978-94-011-5834-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3 AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, e1e~tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permis sion of the publishers. Applications for permission shou1d be addressed to the rights manager at the London address of the publisher. The publisher makes no representation, express or imp1ied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number: 97-69524 8 Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSIINISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS List of contributors Vll Editors' preface xii Introduction: Early hagfish research Ragnar Fiinge xiii Part One Evolution, Taxonomy and Ecology 1 1 Relationships of living and fossil hagfishes David Bardack 3 2 Conodonts: a sister group to hagfishes? Richard]. Aldridge and Philip c.]. Donoghue 15 3 Hagfish systematics Bo Fernholm 33 4 Asian hagfishes and their fisheries biology Yoshiharu Honma 45 5 The ecology of hagfishes Frederic H. Martini 57 Part Two Development and Pathology 79 6 Chromatin diminution and chromosome elimination in hagfishes Sei-ichi Kohno, Souichirou Kubota and Yasuharu Nakai 81 7 The tumour pathology of Myxine glutinosa Sture Falkmer 101 Part Three The Integument and Associated Glands 107 8 Hagfish skin and slime glands Robert H. Spitzer and Elizabeth A. Koch 109 9 The dermis Ulrich Welsch, Simone Buehl and Rainer Erlinger 133 Part Four Supporting Tissues 143 10 The notochord Ulrich Welsch, Akira Chiba and Yoshiharu Honma 145 11 Hagfish cartilage Glenda M. Wright, Fred W. Keeley and M. Edwin DeMont 160 Part Five The Muscular System 171 12 The skeletal muscle fibre types of Myxine glutinosa Per R. Flood 173 Part Six The Respiratory System 203 13 The gills of hagfishes Helmut Bartels 205 14 Ventilation and gas exchange Hans Malte and Jens Peter Lomholt 223 Part Seven The Cardiovascular System 235 15 Cardiovascular function in hag fishes Malcolm E. Forster 237 16 The sinus system of hagfishes -lymphatic or secondary circulatory system? Jens Peter Lomholt and Frida Franko-Dossar 259 17 Dermal capillaries Ulrich Welsch and Ian C. Potter 273 vi Contents Part Eight The blood and Immune System 285 18 Hagfish blood cells and their formation Ragnar Fiinge 287 19 Volume regulation in red blood cells Niels Dohn and Hans Malte 300 20 Transport of bicarbonate, other ions and substrates across the red blood cell membrane of hagfishes Thomas Peters and Gerolf Gros 307 21 Hagfish haemoglobins Angela Fago and Roy E. Weber 321 22 The hagfish immune system Robert L. Raison and Nicholas J. dos Remedios 334 Part Nine The Uro-genital System 345 23 The hagfish kidney as a model to study renal physiology and toxicology Luder M. Fels, Sabine Kastner and Hilmar Stolte 347 24 An analysis of the function of the glomeruli of the hagfish mesonephric kidney Jay A. Riegel 364 25 Gonads and reproduction in hagfishes Robert A. Patzner 378 Part Ten The Endocrine System 397 26 The endocrine system of hag fishes Michael C. Thorndyke and Sture Falkmer 399 27 The control of catecholamine secretion in hagfishes Nicholas J. Bernier and Steve F. Perry 413 Part Eleven The Nervous System 429 28 Ontogeny of the head and nervous system of myxinoids Helmut Wicht and Udo Tusch 431 29 The central nervous system of hagfishes Mark Ronan and R. Glenn Northcutt 451 30 The autonomic nervous system and chromaffin tissue in hagfishes Stefan Nilsson and Susanne Holmgren 478 Part Twelve The Sensory Organs 495 31 Skin sensory organs in the Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa Monika von During and Karl H. Andres 497 32 Cutaneous exteroreceptors and their innervation in hagfishes Christopher B. Braun and R. Glenn Northcutt 510 33 The olfactory system of hagfishes Kjell B. DelVing 531 34 The eyes of hagfishes N. Adam Locket and JfJrgen MfJrup JfJrgensen 539 35 Structure of the hagfish inner ear JfJrgen MfJrup JfJrgensen 555 36 Physiology of the inner ear Alistair R. McVean 562 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Richard J. Aldridge Christopher B. Braun Department of Geology Parmly Hearing Institute University of Leicester Loyola University Chicago University Road 6525 N. Sheridan Rd Leicester LE1 7RH Chicago IL 60626 United Kingdom USA E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Karl H. Andres Simone Buehl Abt. fur Neuroanatomie Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl II Institut fur Anatomie Pettenkoferstrasse 11 Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Universitatsstrasse 150 D-80336 D-44780 Bochum Deutschland (Germany) Deutschland (Germany) Akira Chiba E-mail: [email protected] Department of Histology David Bardack Nippon Dental University Department of Biological 1-8 Hamaura-Cho Sciences (M/C 066) Niigata, 951 University of Illinois at Chicago Japan 845 West Taylor Street M. Edwin DeMont Chicago, Illinois 60607-7060 Department of Biology USA St Francis Xavier University E-mail: [email protected] Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5 Canada Helmut Bartels E-mail: [email protected] Anatomische Anstalt Universitat Munchen Niels Dohn Pettenkoferstrasse 11 Department of Zoophysiology D-80336 Munchen Institute of Biological Sciences Deutschland (Germany) University of Aarhus Fax: +498951604857 Universitetsparken, building 131 E-mail: [email protected] DK-8000 Aarhus C Danmark (Denmark) Nicholas J. Bernier Department of Biology Philip c.J. Donoghue University of Ottawa School of Earth Sciences 30 Marie Curie University of Birmingham PO Box 450 STN A Edgbaston Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Birmingham B15 2TT Canada United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] viii List of contributors Monika von During Luder M. Fels Abt. fur Neuroanatomie Abteilung fur Nephrologie Institut fur Anatomie Arbeitsbereich Experimentelle Nephrologie Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Universitatsstrasse 150 MA6/162 Carl-Neuberg-Strassel 0-44780 Bochum 0-30625 Hannover Deutschland (Germany) Deutschland (Germany) Fax: +49 234 709 4457 Fax: +49 511 5323 780 E-mail: [email protected]­ bochum-de BoFemholm Sektionen for Vertebratzoologi Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Kjell B. Daving Box 50007 A vdeling for generell fysiologi 5-104 05 Stockholm Biologisk Institut Sverige (Sweden) Universitetet i Oslo E-mail: VE-Bo@NRMSE PO Box 1051 N-0316 Oslo Norge (Norway) Per R. Flood Fax: +472285 4664 Zoologisk Institut E-mail: [email protected] Allegaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norge (Norway) Rainer Erlinger E-mail: [email protected] Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl II Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Malcolm E. Forster Pettenkoferstrasse 11 Department of Zoology 0-80336 M unchen University of Canterbury Deutschland (Germany) Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand Angela Fago E-mail: [email protected] Department of Zoophysiology Institute of Biological Sciences University of Aarhus Frida Franko-Dossar Universitetsparken, building 131 Department of Zoophysiology DK-8000 Aarhus C Institute of Biological Sciences Danmark (Denmark) University of Aarhus E-mail: [email protected] Universitetsparken, building 131 DK-8000 Aarhus C Danmark (Denmark) Sture Falkmer Institute of Morphology and Pathology Regionsykehuset i Trondheim Ragnar Fange N-7006 Trondheim Storangsgatan 24 Norge (Norway) 5-413 19 Goteborg E-mail: [email protected] Sverige (Sweden) List of contributors ix Gerolf Gros Elizabeth A. Koch Abteilung Vegetative Physiologie Department of Biological Chemistry Zentrum Physiologie The Chicago Medical School Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Finch University of Health Sciences Postfach 61 01 80 3333 Green Bay Road 0-30623 Hannover North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095 Deutschland (Germany) USA Fax: +49 511 532 2938 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Susanne Holmgren, Dr Zoofysiologiska A vdelningen Sei-ichi Kohno Zoologiska Institutionen Department of Biology Goteborgs Universitet Faculty of Science Medicinaregatan 18 Toho University S-413 90 Goteborg Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Sverige (Sweden) Chiba 274 E-mail: [email protected] Japan E-mail: [email protected] Yoshiharu Honma, Dr 3460-55 Inarimachi Niigata, 951 Souichirou Kubota Japan Department of Biology Jorgen Morup Jorgensen Faculty of Science Department of Zoophysiology Toho University Institute of Biological Sciences Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, University of Aarhus Chiba 274
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