Network Rail a Guide to Overhead Electrification 132787-ALB-GUN-EOH-000001 February 2015 Rev 10
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The Basics of Power the Background of Some of the Electronics
We Often talk abOut systeMs from a “in front of the (working) screen” or a Rudi van Drunen “software” perspective. Behind all this there is a complex hardware architecture that makes things work. This is your machine: the machine room, the network, and all. Everything has to do with electronics and electrical signals. In this article I will discuss the basics of power the background of some of the electronics, Rudi van Drunen is a senior UNIX systems consul- introducing the basics of power and how tant with Competa IT B.V. in the Netherlands. He to work with it, so that you will be able to also has his own consulting company, Xlexit Tech- nology, doing low-level hardware-oriented jobs. understand the issues and calculations that [email protected] are the basis of delivering the electrical power that makes your system work. There are some basic things that drive the electrons through your machine. I will be explaining Ohm’s law, the power law, and some aspects that will show you how to lay out your power grid. power Law Any piece of equipment connected to a power source will cause a current to flow. The current will then have the device perform its actions (and produce heat). To calculate the current that will be flowing through the machine (or light bulb) we divide the power rating (in watts) by the voltage (in volts) to which the system is connected. An ex- ample here is if you take a 100-watt light bulb and connect this light bulb to the wall power voltage of 115 volts, the resulting current will be 100/115 = 0.87 amperes. -
Solent to the Midlands Multimodal Freight Strategy – Phase 1
OFFICIAL SOLENT TO THE MIDLANDS MULTIMODAL FREIGHT STRATEGY – PHASE 1 JUNE 2021 OFFICIAL TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2. STRATEGIC AND POLICY CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................... 11 3. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SOLENT TO THE MIDLANDS ROUTE ........................................................................................................ 28 4. THE ROAD ROUTE ............................................................................................................................................................................. 35 5. THE RAIL ROUTE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 40 6. KEY SECTORS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 7. FREIGHT BETWEEN THE SOLENT AND THE MIDLANDS .................................................................................................................... -
3 Power Supply
3 Power supply Table of contents Article 44 Installation, etc. of Contact Lines, etc. .........................................................................2 Article 45 Approach or Crossing of Overhead Contact Lines, etc................................................ 10 Article 46 Insulation Division of Contact Lines............................................................................ 12 Article 47 Prevention of Problems under Overbridges, etc........................................................... 13 Article 48 Installation of Return Current Rails ........................................................................... 13 Article 49 Lightning protection..................................................................................................... 13 Article 51 Facilities at substations................................................................................................. 14 Article 52 Installation of electrical equipment and switchboards ................................................. 15 Article 53 Protection of electrical equipment................................................................................ 16 Article 54 Insulation of electric lines ............................................................................................ 16 Article 55 Grounding of Electrical Equipment ............................................................................. 18 Article 99 Inspection and monitoring of the contact lines on the main line.................................. 19 Article 101 Records........................................................................................................................ -
Transportation on the Minneapolis Riverfront
RAPIDS, REINS, RAILS: TRANSPORTATION ON THE MINNEAPOLIS RIVERFRONT Mississippi River near Stone Arch Bridge, July 1, 1925 Minnesota Historical Society Collections Prepared by Prepared for The Saint Anthony Falls Marjorie Pearson, Ph.D. Heritage Board Principal Investigator Minnesota Historical Society Penny A. Petersen 704 South Second Street Researcher Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 Hess, Roise and Company 100 North First Street Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401 May 2009 612-338-1987 Table of Contents PROJECT BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 1 RAPID, REINS, RAILS: A SUMMARY OF RIVERFRONT TRANSPORTATION ......................................... 3 THE RAPIDS: WATER TRANSPORTATION BY SAINT ANTHONY FALLS .............................................. 8 THE REINS: ANIMAL-POWERED TRANSPORTATION BY SAINT ANTHONY FALLS ............................ 25 THE RAILS: RAILROADS BY SAINT ANTHONY FALLS ..................................................................... 42 The Early Period of Railroads—1850 to 1880 ......................................................................... 42 The First Railroad: the Saint Paul and Pacific ...................................................................... 44 Minnesota Central, later the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (CM and StP), also called The Milwaukee Road .......................................................................................... 55 Minneapolis and Saint Louis Railway ................................................................................. -
Development and Maintenance of Class 395 High-Speed Train for UK High Speed 1
Hitachi Review Vol. 59 (2010), No. 1 39 Development and Maintenance of Class 395 High-speed Train for UK High Speed 1 Toshihiko Mochida OVERVIEW: Hitachi supplied 174 cars to consist of 29 train sets for the Class Naoaki Yamamoto 395 universal AC/DC high-speed trains able to transfer directly between the Kenjiro Goda UK’s existing network and High Speed 1, the country’s first dedicated high- speed railway line. The Class 395 was developed by applying technologies Takashi Matsushita for lighter weight and higher speed developed in Japan to the UK railway Takashi Kamei system based on the A-train concept which features a lightweight aluminum carbody and self-supporting interior module. Hitachi is also responsible for conducting operating trials to verify the reliability and ride comfort of the trains and for providing maintenance services after the trains start operation. The trains, which formally commenced commercial operation in December 2009, are helping to increase the speed of domestic services in Southeast England and it is anticipated that they will have an important role in transporting visitors between venues during the London 2012 Olympic Games. INTRODUCTION for the Eurostar international train which previously HIGH Speed 1 (HS1) is a new 109-km high-speed ran on the UK’s existing railway network. Hitachi railway line linking London to the Channel Tunnel supplied the new Class 395 high-speed train to be able [prior to completion of the whole link, the line was to run on both HS1 and the existing network as part known as the CTRL (Channel Tunnel Rail Link)]. -
Status of TTC 2015 06 Final.Pdf
Status of the Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Technology Center - 2015 Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research, Development, and Technology Washington, DC 20590 DOT/FRA/ORD-16/05 Final Report March 2016 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Government, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. The United States Government assumes no liability for the content or use of the material contained in this document. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. -
Interstate Commerce Commission Washington
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION WASHINGTON REPORT NO. 3374 PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAILWAY COMPANY IN BE ACCIDENT AT LOS ANGELES, CALIF., ON OCTOBER 10, 1950 - 2 - Report No. 3374 SUMMARY Date: October 10, 1950 Railroad: Pacific Electric Lo cation: Los Angeles, Calif. Kind of accident: Rear-end collision Trains involved; Freight Passenger Train numbers: Extra 1611 North 2113 Engine numbers: Electric locomo tive 1611 Consists: 2 muitiple-uelt 10 cars, caboose passenger cars Estimated speeds: 10 m. p h, Standing ft Operation: Timetable and operating rules Tracks: Four; tangent; ] percent descending grade northward Weather: Dense fog Time: 6:11 a. m. Casualties: 50 injured Cause: Failure properly to control speed of the following train in accordance with flagman's instructions - 3 - INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION REPORT NO, 3374 IN THE MATTER OF MAKING ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORTS UNDER THE ACCIDENT REPORTS ACT OF MAY 6, 1910. PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAILWAY COMPANY January 5, 1951 Accident at Los Angeles, Calif., on October 10, 1950, caused by failure properly to control the speed of the following train in accordance with flagman's instructions. 1 REPORT OF THE COMMISSION PATTERSON, Commissioner: On October 10, 1950, there was a rear-end collision between a freight train and a passenger train on the Pacific Electric Railway at Los Angeles, Calif., which resulted in the injury of 48 passengers and 2 employees. This accident was investigated in conjunction with a representative of the Railroad Commission of the State of California. 1 Under authority of section 17 (2) of the Interstate Com merce Act the above-entitled proceeding was referred by the Commission to Commissioner Patterson for consideration and disposition. -
the Swindon and Cricklade Railway
The Swindon and Cricklade Railway Construction of the Permanent Way Document No: S&CR S PW001 Issue 2 Format: Microsoft Office 2010 August 2016 SCR S PW001 Issue 2 Copy 001 Page 1 of 33 Registered charity No: 1067447 Registered in England: Company No. 3479479 Registered office: Blunsdon Station Registered Office: 29, Bath Road, Swindon SN1 4AS 1 Document Status Record Status Date Issue Prepared by Reviewed by Document owner Issue 17 June 2010 1 D.J.Randall D.Herbert Joint PW Manager Issue 01 Aug 2016 2 D.J.Randall D.Herbert / D Grigsby / S Hudson PW Manager 2 Document Distribution List Position Organisation Copy Issued To: Copy No. (yes/no) P-Way Manager S&CR Yes 1 Deputy PW Manager S&CR Yes 2 Chairman S&CR (Trust) Yes 3 H&S Manager S&CR Yes 4 Office Files S&CR Yes 5 3 Change History Version Change Details 1 to 2 Updates throughout since last release SCR S PW001 Issue 2 Copy 001 Page 2 of 33 Registered charity No: 1067447 Registered in England: Company No. 3479479 Registered office: Blunsdon Station Registered Office: 29, Bath Road, Swindon SN1 4AS Table of Contents 1 Document Status Record ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Document Distribution List ................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Change History ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Research Status and Development Trend of Pantograph Contact Strip Materials
MATEC Web of Conferences 67, 06040 (2016) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20166706040 SMAE 2016 Research Status and Development Trend of Pantograph Contact Strip Materials SHANG Feng1,2,a SUN Wei1,b QIAO Bin1,2,c HE Yi-qiang1,d and LI Hua-qiang1,e 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005, China 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Large Engineering Equipment Detection and Control,Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221111, China [email protected],[email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Abstract.The pantograph contact strip is a sliding current collecting component used in electric locomotive. Its performance is an important factor restricting the development of electrified railways toward high speed. This paper makes an introduction of the new developing composite material strips, points out the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, their limiting factors during using or bottlenecks in R&D and production, and gives prospect to the future development of pantograph contact strip materials in the end. 1 Introduction As a component of current collection by friction, the pantograph contact strip is required to have good anti-friction, wear resistance and self-lubrication, as well as good conductivity and impact resistance. Since electric locomotives were put into operation, theory research and application study on pantograph contact strip materials have never ceased. Developed countries like Japan, Germany and France have made important achievements in the study of pantograph contact strips [1]. Currently, pantograph contact strip materials have developed from the original pure metal contact strip and powder metallurgy contact strip to the current mostly applied pure carbon contact strip and metal-impregnated carbon contact strip. -
Rail Deck Park Engineering and Costing Study
Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Alignment with Other Initiatives ................................................................................. 8 1.3 Project Team ............................................................................................................. 9 City of Toronto.................................................................................................. 9 Build Toronto.................................................................................................... 9 WSP Canada Group Limited............................................................................ 9 2.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................. 10 2.1 Study Area............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Data Gathering ........................................................................................................ 10 3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS............................................................................................... 12 3.1 Topography & Landforms....................................................................................... -
Structure Gauge Measuring Equipment Using Laser Range
PAPER Structure Gauge Measuring Equipment Using Laser Range Scanners and Structure Gauge Management System Takashi TOYAMA Signalling Systems Laboratory, Signalling and Transport Information Technology Division Nozomi NAGAMINE Image Analysis and IT Laboratory, Signalling and Transport Information Technology Division Tatsuya OMORI Kenichi KITAO Signalling Systems Laboratory, Signalling and Transport Information Technology Division (Former) Ryuta NAKASONE Image Analysis and IT Laboratory, Signalling and Transport Information Technology Division Periodic measurement of the structure gauge is essential to ensure safe train operation. Measuring the clearance gauge however, is time and labor intensive given the vast number of trackside facilities. An inexpensive and efficient measuring device using laser range scanners was therefore developed. A management system is also being developed, which maps mea- sured three-dimensional point cloud data to facility data. This paper describes the problems and solutions related to applying the laser range scanners for structural gauging, and pres- ents results obtained from experiments. This paper also describes progress achieved in the development of the management system. Keywords: laser range scanner, LiDAR, structure gauge, clearance car, facility management, 3-D point cloud 1. Introduction ing developed. This paper describes the problems and solutions relat- The structure gauge or clearance gauge is the space ed to applying the laser range scanners for structure gaug- around the track, into which no part of a trackside struc- ing, and p resents r esults obtain ed f rom experi ments. This ture shou ld enter o n any a cc ount. Figu re 1 sh ow s an ex- paper a lso des cribes progr es s ach ieved in the dev elopm ent ample of the structure gauge applied on railways in Japan. -
Minutes of Claremore Public Works Authority Meeting Council Chambers, City Hall, 104 S
MINUTES OF CLAREMORE PUBLIC WORKS AUTHORITY MEETING COUNCIL CHAMBERS, CITY HALL, 104 S. MUSKOGEE, CLAREMORE, OKLAHOMA MARCH 03, 2008 CALL TO ORDER Meeting called to order by Mayor Brant Shallenburger at 6:00 P.M. ROLL CALL Nan Pope called roll. The following were: Present: Brant Shallenburger, Buddy Robertson, Tony Mullenger, Flo Guthrie, Mick Webber, Terry Chase, Tom Lehman, Paula Watson Absent: Don Myers Staff Present: City Manager Troy Powell, Nan Pope, Serena Kauk, Matt Mueller, Randy Elliott, Cassie Sowers, Phil Stowell, Steve Lett, Daryl Golbek, Joe Kays, Gene Edwards, Tim Miller, Tamryn Cluck, Mark Dowler Pledge of Allegiance by all. Invocation by James Graham, Verdigris United Methodist Church. ACCEPTANCE OF AGENDA Motion by Mullenger, second by Lehman that the agenda for the regular CPWA meeting of March 03, 2008, be approved as written. 8 yes, Mullenger, Lehman, Robertson, Guthrie, Shallenburger, Webber, Chase, Watson. ITEMS UNFORESEEN AT THE TIME AGENDA WAS POSTED None CALL TO THE PUBLIC None CURRENT BUSINESS Motion by Mullenger, second by Lehman to approve the following consent items: (a) Minutes of Claremore Public Works Authority meeting on February 18, 2008, as printed. (b) All claims as printed. (c) Approve budget supplement for upgrading the electric distribution system and adding an additional Substation for the new Oklahoma Plaza Development - $586,985 - Leasehold improvements to new project number assignment. (Serena Kauk) (d) Approve budget supplement for purchase of an additional concrete control house for new Substation #5 for Oklahoma Plaza Development - $93,946 - Leasehold improvements to new project number assignment. (Serena Kauk) (e) Approve budget supplement for electrical engineering contract with Ledbetter, Corner and Associates for engineering design phase for Substation #5 - Oklahoma Plaza Development - $198,488 - Leasehold improvements to new project number assignment.