DOCSLIB.ORG

SHAPING MORALITY and HISTORY: the RHETORIC and PUBLIC MEMORY of the GEORGIA DIVISIONS of the WCTU and UDC Taryn D. Cooksey A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SHAPING MORALITY and HISTORY: the RHETORIC and PUBLIC MEMORY of the GEORGIA DIVISIONS of the WCTU and UDC Taryn D. Cooksey A SHAPING MORALITY AND HISTORY: THE RHETORIC AND PUBLIC MEMORY OF THE GEORGIA DIVISIONS OF THE WCTU AND UDC Taryn D. Cooksey A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina Wilmington 2011 Approved by Advisory Committee Candice Bredbenner Paul Townend Kathleen Berkeley Chair Accepted by Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 “Claiming Authority and Making History: The Scholarship of the Lost Cause, Southern Women’s Organizations, and Public Memory” CHAPTER 1..................................................................................................................................31 “Redeeming Manhood: The Georgia WCTU and UDC’s Efforts to Influence Masculine Morality” CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................62 “Public Amnesia: The Forgotten Efforts and Motives of the Georgia Woman’s Christian Temperance Union” CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................77 “A Lasting Legacy: The Public Memory of UDC Rhetoric and History” CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................94 “Turning Legacy Into History: The Potential of Public History Sites” BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................................................97 APPENDIX 1 ..............................................................................................................................102 APPENDIX 2 ..............................................................................................................................104 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the differing rhetoric of the Georgia divisions of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the United Daughters of the Confederacy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influenced how individuals today encounter and remember their efforts. The leaders of the Georgia WCTU adopted openly political rhetoric that challenged southern white men’s authority and ability to lead. This rhetoric was part of an attempt to change dangerous masculine behaviors such as drunkenness or marital infidelity by limiting the range of legal behaviors. Following the repeal of Prohibition, the WCTU began to lose momentum and popularity. As their presence diminished the public lost access to enduring examples of their rhetoric, and in turn lacked information about the breadth and complexity of their goals and activities. Rather than focusing on the social and domestic problems that inspired temperance women to enter into public debates, the current public memory of Prohibition focuses on romantic and nostalgic depictions of cocktails, speakeasies, and jazz. In contrast, the Georgia UDC did not attempt to alter government policy but instead extended feminine rituals of mourning into the public by memorializing the Confederacy and espousing Lost Cause rhetoric. Georgia Daughters’ language did not challenge white masculine authority, but instead enshrined a very specific kind of masculinity. Regardless of historical accuracy, UDC monuments and rhetoric embraced Confederate heroes as Christian men of honor who prized their homes and families above all else, even their own lives. By celebrating an idealized version of masculinity, the UDC sought to give men role models to emulate in their own lives without directly challenging southern white men’s right to power. The monuments and images of virtuous Confederates survived long after the founding Georgia UDC members, and can still be found across metro-Atlanta. However, these monuments currently lack any iii accompanying information that explains the rhetoric, and these sites continue to espouse Lost Cause ideas of gender and morality without question or context. These diverging accounts of rhetoric and memory demonstrate the need and potential for more nuanced content at public history sites. By including more information about these organizations’ rhetoric into site content, public historians would help remedy a lack of thorough information about women’s social and political activity between the end of the Civil War and the ratification of woman’s suffrage. Throughout this period, southern women had to develop creative ways to enter public discourse that drew from their traditional roles as wives and mothers. This aspect of women’s and southern history remains untold in many sites and museums, leaving the public without ways to better understand to complexity of women’s pre- suffrage political activity. However, the presence of WCTU and UDC rhetoric in and around Atlanta presents a strong opportunity to address this gap in public historic content by using the sites and monuments already present throughout the city. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank first, and foremost, the faculty members that assisted me throughout this project. My chair, Dr. Kathleen Berkeley offered more insight, guidance, and patience than I could have expected or hoped for. Through class discussions, meeting, and countless correspondences she helped me develop my thesis from a vague idea into a completed project with potential for further study. Dr. Candice Bredbenner and Dr. Paul Townend demonstrated their devotion to both history department and its students by serving as committee members and providing their input and ideas throughout the daunting writing and revising process. Each of these committee members demonstrated their commitment to the History Department’s students, and in particular the Public History program, during a period of transition and stress. Though each of these professors specializes in an area outside the scope of public history, each was willing to take on my project without hesitation, and I am incredibly grateful for their wisdom and participation. I also wish to thank Dr. William Moore for his guidance and input in early drafts and his teachings on public memory. Similarly, Dr. Monica Gisolfi assisted me through discussions of my thoughts on southern history and memorialization. Dr. Tammy Gordon introduced me to the key ideas of the Public History program through her graduate seminars, and helped me find multiple opportunities to explore my own interests within the field. I would like to thank Dr. David LaVere and Dr. Lisa Pollard for serving as graduate coordinator and accepting the task of keeping myself and other students on track and informed throughout the long and intimidating thesis-writing process. Finally, I wish to thank the friends, family members, and loved ones who supported me as I wrote. In particular, Mom, Dad, Josh, William, Chelcie, Erica, Faith, Rieddhi, Richard, v Brittany, and Zack: thank you for listening to my rambling thoughts and complaints. Your time, company, and support made this process much easier and kept me motivated when I was struggling for ideas. vi CLAIMING AUTHORITY AND MAKING HISTORY: THE SCHOLARSHIP OF THE LOST CAUSE, SOUTHERN WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS, AND PUBLIC MEMORY In the decades following the Civil War, affluent white women in the South lived according to a complex array of cultural expectations that defined appropriate behaviors and determined their role in society. Political disenfranchisement and customs that taught women to concern themselves primarily with domestic affairs left women with limited ways to publically express their thoughts and concerns about southern politics and society. Between 1870 and 1920, in order to exert political and social influence, women of the region participated in a number of clubs and organizations. While suffrage organizations and groups such as the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union organized chapters across the United States including the South, southern women also built regional heritage-based groups like the United Daughters of the Confederacy. As national reform groups campaigned for new legislation to pass woman suffrage and the prohibition of alcohol, members of the UDC and other heritage clubs espoused an ideology that glorified the past and enforced white male supremacy even while they promoted an acceptable public role for women. Though both were women’s organizations, the members of the WCTU and UDC adopted vastly different approaches and rhetoric in claiming public influence, and these approaches shaped how the groups fared in the public’s memory over subsequent generations. Historians and historic sites provide insight into the development and activities of women’s political activism in the late nineteenth century and the public memory of these women. Tracing how different rhetorical approaches impacted the public memory of the WCTU and UDC relies heavily on synthesizing a broad range of scholarship from social and public history. The academic literature on the South after 1865 and ideology of the Lost Cause provided a clear picture of the culture in which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Age and Sexual Consent
    Per Se or Power? Age and Sexual Consent Joseph J. Fischel* ABSTRACT: Legal theorists, liberal philosophers, and feminist scholars have written extensively on questions surrounding consent and sexual consent, with particular attention paid to the sorts of conditions that validate or vitiate consent, and to whether or not consent is an adequate metric to determine ethical and legal conduct. So too, many have written on the historical construction of childhood, and how this concept has influenced contemporary legal culture and more broadly informed civil society and its social divisions. Far less has been written, however, on a potent point of contact between these two fields: age of consent laws governing sexual activity. Partially on account of this under-theorization, such statutes are often taken for granted as reflecting rather than creating distinctions between adults and youth, between consensual competency and incapacity, and between the time for innocence and the time for sex. In this Article, I argue for relatively modest reforms to contemporary age of consent statutes but propose a theoretic reconstruction of the principles that inform them. After briefly historicizing age of consent statutes in the United States (Part I), I assert that the concept of sexual autonomy ought to govern legal regulations concerning age, age difference, and sexual activity (Part II). A commitment to sexual autonomy portends a lowered age of sexual consent, decriminalization of sex between minors, heightened legal supervision focusing on age difference and relations of dependence, more robust standards of consent for sex between minors and between minors and adults, and greater attention to the ways concerns about age, age difference, and sex both reflect and displace more normatively apt questions around gender, gendered power and submission, and queer sexuality (Part III).
    [Show full text]
  • Cassociation^ of Southern Women for the "Prevention of Cynching ******
    cAssociation^ of Southern Women for the "Prevention of Cynching JESSIE DANIEL AMES, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MRS. ATTWOOD MARTIN MRS. W. A. NEWELL CHAIRMAN 703 STANDARD BUILDING SECRETARY-TREASURER Louisville, Ky. Greensboro, n. c. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE cAtlanta, Qa MRS. J. R. CAIN, COLUMBIA, S. C. MRS. GEORGE DAVIS, ORANGEBURG, S. C. MRS. M. E. TILLY, ATLANTA, GA. MRS. W. A. TURNER, ATLANTA, GA. MRS. E. MARVIN UNDERWOOD, ATLANTA, GA. January 7, 1932 Composite Picture of Lynching and Lynchers "Vuithout exception, every lynching is an exhibition of cowardice and cruelty. 11 Atlanta Constitution, January 16, 1931. "The falsity of the lynchers' pretense that he is the guardian of chastity." Macon News, November 14, 1930. "The lyncher is in very truth the most vicious debaucher of spirit­ ual values." Birmingham Age Herald, November 14, 1930. "Certainly th: atrocious barbarities of the mob do not enhance the security of women." Charleston, S. C. Evening lost. "Hunt down a member of a lynching mob and he will usually be found hiding behind a woman's skirt." Christian Century, January 8, 1931. ****** In the year 1930, Texas and Georgia, were black spots on the map. This year, 1931, those two states cleaned up and came thro with "no lynchings." But honors arc even. Two states, Louisiana and Tennessee, with "no lynchings" in 1930, add one each in 1931. Florida and Mississippi were the only two states having lynchings in both years. Five of the eight in the South were in these two States alone. Jessie Daniel limes Executive Director Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching CENTRAL COUNCIL Representatives at Large Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Legitimate Concern: the Assault on the Concept of Rape
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 9-2013 Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape Matthew David Burgess DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Burgess, Matthew David, "Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape" (2013). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 153. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/153 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Legitimate Concern: The Assault on the Concept of Rape A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Matthew David Burgess June 2013 Women’s and Gender Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 1 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….3 A Brief Legal History of Rape………………………………………………………………….....6 -Rape Law in the United States Prior to 1800…………………………………………….7 -The WCTU and
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” the Ku Klux Klan in Mclennan County, 1915-1924. Richard H. Fair, M.A. Me
    ABSTRACT “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915-1924. Richard H. Fair, M.A. Mentor: T. Michael Parrish, Ph.D. This thesis examines the culture of McLennan County surrounding the rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s and its influence in central Texas. The pervasive violent nature of the area, specifically cases of lynching, allowed the Klan to return. Championing the ideals of the Reconstruction era Klan and the “Lost Cause” mentality of the Confederacy, the 1920s Klan incorporated a Protestant religious fundamentalism into their principles, along with nationalism and white supremacy. After gaining influence in McLennan County, Klansmen began participating in politics to further advance their interests. The disastrous 1922 Waco Agreement, concerning the election of a Texas Senator, and Felix D. Robertson’s gubernatorial campaign in 1924 represent the Klan’s first and last attempts to manipulate politics. These failed endeavors marked the Klan’s decline in McLennan County and Texas at large. “The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity:” The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915-1924 by Richard H. Fair, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of History ___________________________________ Jeffrey S. Hamilton, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ T. Michael Parrish, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ Thomas L. Charlton, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Stephen M. Sloan, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Jerold L. Waltman, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School August 2009 ___________________________________ J.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibiting Racism: the Cultural Politics of Lynching Photography Re-Presentations
    EXHIBITING RACISM: THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF LYNCHING PHOTOGRAPHY RE-PRESENTATIONS by Erika Damita’jo Molloseau Bachelor of Arts, Western Michigan University, 2001 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2003 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2008 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented August 8, 2008 by Erika Damita’jo Molloseau It was defended on September 1, 2007 and approved by Cecil Blake, PhD, Department Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Africana Studies Scott Kiesling, PhD, Department Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics Lester Olson, PhD, Professor, Department of Communication Dissertation Advisor, Ronald Zboray, PhD, Professor and Director of Graduate Study, Department of Communication ii Copyright © by Erika Damita’jo Molloseau 2008 iii EXHIBITING RACISM: THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF LYNCHING PHOTOGRAPHY RE-PRESENTATIONS Erika Damita’jo Molloseau, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2008 Using an interdisciplinary approach and the guiding principles of new historicism, this study explores the discursive and visual representational history of lynching to understand how the practice has persisted as part of the fabric of American culture. Focusing on the “Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America” exhibition at three United States cultural venues I argue that audiences employ discernible meaning making strategies to interpret these lynching photographs and postcards. This examination also features analysis of distinct institutional characteristics of the Andy Warhol Museum, Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site, and the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, alongside visual rhetorical analysis of each site’s exhibition contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Anniversary Meetings H S S Chicago 1924 December 27-28-29-30 1984
    AHA Anniversary Meetings H S S 1884 Chicago 1924 1984 December 27-28-29-30 1984 r. I J -- The United Statei Hotel, Saratop Spring. Founding ike of the American Histoncal Anociation AMERICA JjSTORY AND LIFE HjcItl An invaluable resource for I1.RJC 11’, Sfl ‘. “J ) U the professional 1< lUCEBt5,y and I for the I student • It helps /thej beginning researcher.., by puttmq basic information at his or her fingertips, and it helps the mature scholar to he sttre he or she hasn ‘t missed anything.” Wilbur R. Jacobs Department of History University of California, Santa Barbara students tote /itj The indexing is so thorough they can tell what an article is about before they even took up the abstract Kristi Greenfield ReferencelHistory Librarian University of Washington, Seattle an incomparable way of viewing the results of publication by the experts.” Aubrey C. Land Department of History University of Georgia, Athens AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE is a basic resource that belongs on your library shelves. Write for a complimentary sample copy and price quotation. ‘ ABC-Clio Information Services ABC Riviera Park, Box 4397 /,\ Santa Barbara, CA 93103 CLIO SAN:301-5467 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Ninety-Ninth Annual Meeting A I { A HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY Sixtieth Annual Meeting December 27—30, 1984 CHICAGO Pho1tg aph qf t/u’ Umted States Hotel are can the caller turn of (a urge S. B airier, phato a1bher Saratoga Sprzng, V) 1 ARTHUR S. LINK GEORGE H. DAVIS PROFESSOR Of AMERICAN HISTORY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 4t)f) A Street SE, Washington, DC 20003 1984 OFfICERS President: ARTHUR S.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFO RM A TIO N TO U SER S This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fromany type of con^uter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependentquality upon o fthe the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqjroper alignment can adverse^ afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one e3q)osure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogr^hs included inoriginal the manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direct^ to order. UMJ A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 LAWLESSNESS AND THE NEW DEAL; CONGRESS AND ANTILYNCHING LEGISLATION, 1934-1938 DISSERTATION presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robin Bernice Balthrope, A.B., J.D., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America Jane E
    Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities Volume 9 | Issue 1 Article 1 January 1997 "Even a Worm Will Turn at Last": Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America Jane E. Larson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh Part of the History Commons, and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jane E. Larson, "Even a Worm Will Turn at Last": Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America, 9 Yale J.L. & Human. (1997). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol9/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities by an authorized editor of Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Larson: "Even a Worm Will Turn at Last" Articles "Even a Worm Will Turn at Last": Rape Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century America Jane E. Larson* Even a worm will turn at last, and when her degradation was thus deliberately planned and sanctioned by the state .... then * Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School. I received invaluable access and assistance from the Frances Willard Archive, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Evanston, Ill., the National Archives, Washington, D.C., and the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. I am also deeply grateful to Kathryn Abrams, Leigh Bienen, Cynthia Grant Bowman, Pamela Bridgewater, Ben Brown, Penelope Bryan, Lisa Brush, Peter Carstensen, Alta Charo, Richard Chused, Elizabeth Clark, Anne Coughlin, Mary Louise Fellows, Sarah Gordon, Michael Grossberg, Hendrik Hartog, Linda Redlick Hirshman, Linda McClain, Gwen McNamee, Tracey Meares, Elizabeth Mertz, Michelle Oberman, Richard Posner, Dorothy Roberts, Jonathan Rosenblum, Jane Schacter, Stephen Schulhofer, Clyde Spillenger, Morrison Torrey, Rosalie Wahl, William Whitford, and the Chicago Feminist Law Professors & Friends for comments on this Article.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Alma Bridwell White
    HISTORICAL ESSAY: IN THE NAME OF GOD; AN AMERICAN STORY OF FEMINISM, RACISM, AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: THE STORY OF ALMA BRIDWELL WHITE. BY KRISTIN E. KANDT* FO REW O RD ............................................................................................ 753 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 754 II. THE STORY OF ALMA BRIDWELL WHITE'S EARLY LIFE, BREAKING OUT OF HER "PRISON WALLS.". .................... 758 A. From "Prison"to a Desire to Preach........................................................... 758 B. Alma's Marriageand her Return to "Prison"............................................ 761 III. FROM PREACHING TO THE "PILLAR OF FIRE," RELIGION LIBERATES ALMA WHITE FROM HER "PRISON" ....................765 IV. BALANCING PoLrCAL, SOCIAL, AND RELIGIOUS VIEWPOINTS ................. 776 A. ReligiousEquality, Suffrage, the ERA, and Legal Equality - Concepts M andated by the Bible ............................................................................. 776 B. Segregation, Racism, Feminism and the Ku Klux Klan: A Combination Divinely Ordainedby God ....................................................................... 783 C. Religious Intolerance- An Outgrowth of Feminism, Prohibition,and First Amendment Concerns.............................................................................. 790 V. CON CLU SIO N ........................................................................................ 794 FOREWORD I first conceived of this article while taking
    [Show full text]
  • Permanently Endowed Funds
    Fund ID # Endowed Fund Name Endowed Fund Description Annual Scholarships 41-46203 Dixon Scholarships Endowed Chairs & Professorships 41-33745 Hugh Roy and Lillie Cullen Chair in Economics Established in 1968 by The Cullen Foundation of Houston, Texas, memorializing the names of Hugh Roy and Lillie Cullen, to create the Hugh Roy and Lillie Cullen Chair in Economics. 41-33752 Herbert and Kate Dishman Chair in Science Established in 1980 by Dr. and Mrs. Herbert Dishman of Beaumont, Texas. 41-33753 Herbert and Kate Dishman Professorship in Special Education Established in 1978 by Dr. and Mrs. Herbert Dishman of Beaumont, Texas to fund a professorship in special education. 41-13000 Edward H. & Suzanne Morrow Ellis Endowed Professorship Established in 2011 by Edward H. Ellis, Jr. '64 and Suzanne Morrow Ellis '64, this professorship shall be awarded to a faculty member in the Economics and Business Department. 41-33714 Lurlyn and Durwood Fleming Professorship in Religion and Philosophy Establisehd in 2008 by St. Luke's United Methodist Church of Houston, Texas in honor of former President and Mrs. Durwood Fleming. 41-00017 The Claud Howard and Elizabeth A. Crawford Endowment Fund Established in 1999 by the estate of Elizabeth A. Crawford '34, to provide visiting scholars and/or visiting professor programs annually in the department of English. 41-33780 Will Woodward Jackson Professorship Established in 1975 by friends, classmates and associates of the late Dr. W. W. Jackson '16 to create the Will W. Jackson Professorship in Education. 41-46201 The Robert Sherman Lazenby Chair in Physics Established in 1971 by Virginia Lazenby O'Hara in memory of Robert Sherman Lazenby.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Critical Race Feminism to the Anti-Lynching Movement: Black Women's Fight Against Race and Gender Ideology, 1892-1920
    UCLA UCLA Women's Law Journal Title The Application of Critical Race Feminism to the Anti-Lynching Movement: Black Women's Fight against Race and Gender Ideology, 1892-1920 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1kc308xf Journal UCLA Women's Law Journal, 3(0) Author Barnard, Amii Larkin Publication Date 1993 DOI 10.5070/L331017574 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ARTICLE THE APPLICATION OF CRITICAL RACE FEMINISM TO THE ANTI-LYNCHING MOVEMENT: BLACK WOMEN'S FIGHT AGAINST RACE AND GENDER IDEOLOGY, 1892-1920 Amii Larkin Barnard* INTRODUCTION One muffled strain in the Silent South, a jarring chord and a vague and uncomprehended cadenza has been and still is the Ne- gro. And of that muffled chord, the one mute and voiceless note has been the sadly expectant Black Woman.... [Als our Cauca- sian barristersare not to blame if they cannot quite put themselves in the dark man's place, neither should the dark man be wholly expected fully and adequately to reproduce the exact Voice of the Black Woman. I At the turn of the twentieth century, two intersecting ideolo- gies controlled the consciousness of Americans: White Supremacy and True Womanhood. 2 These cultural beliefs prescribed roles for people according to their race and gender, establishing expectations for "proper" conduct. Together, these beliefs created a climate for * J.D. 1992 Georgetown University Law Center; B.A. 1989 Tufts University. The author is currently an associate at Bowles & Verna in Walnut Creek, California. The author would like to thank Professor Wendy Williams and Professor Anthony E.
    [Show full text]
  • Emmett Till and the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of San Diego San Diego Law Review Volume 46 | Issue 2 Article 6 5-1-2009 The ioleV nt Bear It Away: Emmett iT ll and the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi Anders Walker Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/sdlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Anders Walker, The Violent Bear It Away: Emmett iT ll and the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi, 46 San Diego L. Rev. 459 (2009). Available at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/sdlr/vol46/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in San Diego Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WALKER_FINAL_ARTICLE[1] 7/8/2009 9:00:38 AM The Violent Bear It Away: Emmett Till and the Modernization of Law Enforcement in Mississippi ANDERS WALKER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 460 II. LESSONS FROM THE PAST ................................................................................... 464 III. RESISTING “NULLIFICATION” ............................................................................. 468 IV. M IS FOR MISSISSIPPI AND MURDER.................................................................... 473 V. CENTRALIZING LAW ENFORCEMENT .................................................................
    [Show full text]