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Sai Kung District Council SKDC(M) Paper No. 37/11 for the meeting on 8.3.2011 Meteorological Services for the Sai Kung District Purpose This article introduces the works of the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) in Sai Kung District and relevant weather services for the district. Climate of Sai Kung District 2. Sai Kung District is located at the southeastern part of Hong Kong covering the areas of Sai Kung, Tseung Kwan O and Hang Hau, with a mountain range of Shek Uk Shan, Ma On Shan and Buffalo Hill in north and Tate’s Cairn and Kowloon Peak in west. The District consists of many offshore islands of various sizes covering widely the southeastern part of Hong Kong waters, including the more familiar islands like Kau Sai Chau, Ninepin Group and Tung Lung Chau. The urban centre is located at the relatively flat areas at Sai Kung and Tseung Kwan O. The climate of Sai Kung District is blended with the characteristics of ocean, urban and high ground. Annual mean temperature is around 22.9 degrees. The annual total rainfall is about 2200 millimetres on average with around 84% recorded in the rainy season spanning from May to September. Monitoring Stations in the Sai Kung District 3. The Observatory has established seven Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) in the Sai Kung District which are located at the Sai Kung Marine East Division Headquarters, Kau Sai Chau, Pak Tam Chung, Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung Sam Yuk Middle School, Pak Tam Au and Leung Shuen Wan respectively. 4. The AWSs at the Sai Kung Marine East Division Headquarters (hereafter as Sai Kung), Pak Tam Chung and Tseung Kwan O collect various meteorological information including wind direction, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity. The AWSs at Pak Tam Chung and Tseung Kwan O also collect rainfall information. The AWSs at Sai Kung Sam Yuk Middle School, Pak Tam Au and Leung Shuen Wan provide rainfall measurements only. The meteorological information collected by the Kau Sai Chau AWS includes rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation. In particular, the weather information of the Sai Kung, Pak Tam Chung, Tseung Kwan O and Kau Sai Chau AWSs can be obtained from the Observatory’s regional weather webpage and the “Dial-a-weather” service (187 8200). 1 5. In addition to the Observatory’s raingauge stations, the Observatory also receives real-time rainfall data from the Drainage Services Department’s raingauge station at Sai Kung Tui Min Ho as well as Geotechnical Engineering Office’s raingauge stations at Sai Kung High Island Reservoir, Tai Mong Tsai, Yau Ma Po, Tsiu Hang, Pik Uk Prison, Hau Tak Estate, Tseung Kwan O Sewage Treatment Plant and Tai Au Mun. The information is used as reference for the issuance of rainstorm and landslip warnings. Furthermore, the data from the above rainguages serves for the analysis of rainfall changes in Hong Kong and for the production of rainfall distribution map which is being displayed in the website of the Observatory (http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/rainfall/isohyete.shtml). 6. To promote deeper appreciation of weather information among the communities and to strength cooperation with them, the Observatory, in collaboration with the Department of Applied Physics of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Hong Kong Joint-school Meteorological Association, established a "Community Weather Information Network" (Co-WIN). Co-WIN spans a total of 94 members (up to 8 February 2011) over Hong Kong. In the Sai Kung District, we have six members including Jockey Club HSBC WWF Hong Kong Hoi Ha Marine Life Centre, MKMCF Ma Chan Duen Hey Memorial College, HKCCCU Logos Academy, Sai Kung Sung Tsun Catholic School (Secondary Section), Scout Association of Hong Kong (Pak Sha Wan T.W.C. Sea Activity Centre) and Creative Secondary School. Co-WIN (http://weather.ap.polyu.edu.hk/index.php) provides additional information of weather and UV index from communities. This helps the residents to better understand the weather situation in their vicinity. The Observatory appreciates the assistance from the District Council for the promotion of Co-WIN, so that there will be more community stations joining us and to provide extensive weather information for the community members and even to people all over Hong Kong. 7. The Observatory estalished a radiation monitoring station at Yuen Ng Fan since 1987 to monitor round-the-clock the gamma radiation level there. A Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) has also been installed at the station to measure the long-term integrated environmental gamma radiation dose at the site. The Observatory staff also pay regular visits to Yuen Ng Fan to take air, water and soil samples for radioactivity analysis. Yuen Ng Fan Seismological Station 8. Yuen Ng Fan Seismograph Station is located near the West Dam of High Island Reservoir. Commissioned in 1979, it is the farthest east station in the Hong Kong Seismograph Network. As the location is less affected by city activities, the station enjoys low noise level, thus is very suitable for measuring seismic waves. Tai Miu Wan Tide Gauge Station 2 9. Tai Miu Wan tide gauge station is situated at the pier in front of the Tin Hau Temple at Tai Miu Wan of Sai Kung. It started operation in 1994 to measure tide levels, monitor storm surges and tsunamis, and provide data for monitoring long-term sea level change in Hong Kong. Real-time tidal information from Tai Miu Wan tide gauge station is online on the Observatory’s website for reference by members of the public. UV Index Information Service 10. There are many outdoor facilities in the Islands District. Workers or people engaging in outdoor activities can make use of the Observatory’s UV index and its forecasting services to assess the intensity of UV radiation and take appropriate protective measures. Relevant UV information is made available to the public through the radio, TV and the Observatory’s website. “Wind Forecast for Water Sport Activities” Webpage 11. Launched early 2010, the webpage provides computer-generated weather forecasts at ten hotspots of water sports in Hong Kong for reference by the members of the public. With the new service, people stand a better chance of finding suitable locations for their water sports. Following the operation of a new generation of computer models at the Observatory, the period of the hotspot weather forecast is lengthened from one to three days. Enhanced tropical cyclone track webpage 12. The Observatory launched a tropical cyclone track information webpage based on a geographic information platform in July. Users can display tropical cyclone positions and tracks over a detailed map. They can also zoom in or out the map, pan to their area of interest, and view detailed information of the tropical cyclone, including its latitude, longitude, classification and maximum sustained wind. Multiple tropical cyclones can also be displayed on the same map. Early Storm Surge Alert System 13. With the joint effort by the Observatory, Drainage Services Department (DSD) and Home Affairs Department (HAD), an Early Storm Surge Alert System for flood-prone locations including Nam Wai in Sai Kung District during the passage of tropical cyclones, has been put into operation since 2010. Under the system, the Observatory would alert DSD and HAD via Short Message Service (SMS) to an imminent threat of flooding caused by storm surge. HAD colleagues would alert nearby residents and remind them to take early precautionary measures, and DSD 3 would proceed with relevant contingency arrangements. Location-specific Lightning Alert Service 14. The Location-specific Lightning Alert Service provided by the Observatory can help the public assess the risk of lightning at their locations. People can select their location of interest as well as a maximum of three alert circles of different sizes in the Observatory’s Location-specific Lightning Alert webpage. Alert messages will be automatically generated when lightning is detected within the specified ranges. The District Council and other organizations in the district can make use of this service when organizing outdoor activities, especially during the rain season. “MyObservatory” Location-specific Weather Service 15. The Observatory launched “MyObservatory”, a location-specific weather service, in March 2010. By making use of positioning software to estimate the user’s location, this new service provides the latest weather information of nearby weather stations through webpage, personal digital assistance (PDA), iPhone and Android. The information includes temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed and weather photo. Residents in Sai Kung District can acquire latest weather information in the district by using the new service. The page views to the “MyObservatory” exceed 300 million since its launch. “Digital Weather Forecast” webpage 16. Although Hong Kong is small, temperatures and winds can vary over different regions. The Observatory launched a “Digital Weather Forecast” webpage in March, providing weather forecast in fine spatial and temporal details. The webpage shows hourly changes in temperature, wind direction and speed for the next day, at a resolution of 10 kilometres over Hong Kong and the neighbouring Pearl River Estuary region. People in the Islands District can make use of this webpage to appreciate the change in temperatures and winds over the region. “Rainfall Nowcast for the Pearl River Delta Region” Webpage 17. The Observatory launched the “Rainfall Nowcast for the Pearl River Delta Region” webpage in late 2008. It displays the computer-generated evolution within the next two hours about the forecast rainfall distribution over the Pearl River Delta region, including Hong Kong. The webpage was revamped in June this year. The new webpage features a four-dimensional (4D) space-time map of the globe with user-selectable geographical information content.
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