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The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America
REVIEW:BIOLOGICAL CONTROL-PARASITOIDS &PREDATORS The Ecology, Behavior, and Biological Control Potential of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America 1 DAVID R. COYLE AND KAMAL J. K. GANDHI Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 Environ. Entomol. 41(4): 731Ð749 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11280 ABSTRACT Native and exotic siricid wasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) can be ecologically and/or economically important woodboring insects in forests worldwide. In particular, Sirex noctilio (F.), a Eurasian species that recently has been introduced to North America, has caused pine tree (Pinus spp.) mortality in its non-native range in the southern hemisphere. Native siricid wasps are known to have a rich complex of hymenopteran parasitoids that may provide some biological control pressure on S. noctilio as it continues to expand its range in North America. We reviewed ecological information about the hymenopteran parasitoids of siricids in North America north of Mexico, including their distribution, life cycle, seasonal phenology, and impacts on native siricid hosts with some potential efÞcacy as biological control agents for S. noctilio. Literature review indicated that in the hymenop- teran families Stephanidae, Ibaliidae, and Ichneumonidae, there are Þve genera and 26 species and subspecies of native parasitoids documented from 16 native siricids reported from 110 tree host species. Among parasitoids that attack the siricid subfamily Siricinae, Ibalia leucospoides ensiger (Norton), Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), and Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson) were associated with the greatest number of siricid and tree species. These three species, along with R. lineolata (Kirby), are the most widely distributed Siricinae parasitoid species in the eastern and western forests of North America. -
THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
Uroce r us californ ic us Nott on, f ema 1e. BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 6, NO. 4 THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF (Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1960 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G: Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D. Hurd, R. L. Usinget Volume 6, No. 4, pp. 59-78, plates 4-5, frontis. Submitted by editors October 14, 1958 Issued April 22, 1960 Price, 50 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE SIRICID WOOD WASPS OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) BY WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF INTRODUCTION carpeting. Their powerful mandibles can even cut through lead sheathing. The siricid wood wasps are fairly large, cylin- These insects are widely disseminated by drical insects; usually 20 mm. or more in shipments of infested lumber or timber, and length with the head, thorax, and abdomen of the adults may not emerge until several years equal width. The antennae are long and fili- have elapsed. Movement of this lumber and form, with 14 to 30 segments. The tegulae are timber tends to complicate an understanding minute. Jn the female the last segment of the of the normal distribution pattern of the spe- abdomen bears a hornlike projection called cies. the cornus (fig. 8), whose configuration is The Nearctic species in the family were useful for taxonomic purposes. This distinc- monographed by Bradley (1913). -
Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology
Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening F Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. tigations of regional interest are also welcome. Appropriate Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. topics include general and applied (e.g. conservation) ecolo I Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redaktor) gy, morphology, behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica ~ Dr. John O. Solem, Norwegian University of Science and are reviewed by at least two referees. Technology (NTNU), The Museum, N-7004 Trondheim. ( Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new infor mation generally relevan,t to Norwegian entomology. The Ame C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 Museum, journal emphasizes papers which are mainly faunal or zoo N-9006 Troms0, Ame Fjellberg, Gonveien 38, N-3145 ( geographical in scope or content, including check lists, faunal Tj0me, and Knut Rognes, Hav0rnbrautene 7a, N-4040 Madla. lists, type catalogues, regional keys, and fundamental papers Abonnement 1997 having a conservation aspect. Submissions must not have Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) far been previously published or copyrighted and must not be tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemmer av Norsk Ornitologisk published subsequently except in abstract form or by written Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a betale kr. 90. Andre consent of the Managing Editor. ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbetalingene sendes Stiftelsen for Subscription 1997 naturforskning og kulturminneforskning (NINAeNIKU), Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will r~ceive the journal Tungasletta 2, N-7005 Trondheim. -
PDF Download Wasp Ebook Free Download
WASP PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Eric Frank Russell | 192 pages | 09 May 2013 | Orion Publishing Co | 9780575129047 | English | London, United Kingdom 25 Types of Wasps and Hornets - ProGardenTips Megascolia procer , a giant solitary species from Java in the Scoliidae. This specimen's length is 77mm and its wingspan is mm. Megarhyssa macrurus , a parasitoid. The body of a female is 50mm long, with a c. Tarantula hawk wasp dragging an orange-kneed tarantula to her burrow; it has the most painful sting of any wasp. Of the dozens of extant wasp families, only the family Vespidae contains social species, primarily in the subfamilies Vespinae and Polistinae. All species of social wasps construct their nests using some form of plant fiber mostly wood pulp as the primary material, though this can be supplemented with mud, plant secretions e. Wood fibres are gathered from weathered wood, softened by chewing and mixing with saliva. The placement of nests varies from group to group; yellow jackets such as Dolichovespula media and D. Other wasps, like Agelaia multipicta and Vespula germanica , like to nest in cavities that include holes in the ground, spaces under homes, wall cavities or in lofts. While most species of wasps have nests with multiple combs, some species, such as Apoica flavissima , only have one comb. The vast majority of wasp species are solitary insects. There are some species of solitary wasp that build communal nests, each insect having its own cell and providing food for its own offspring, but these wasps do not adopt the division of labour and the complex behavioural patterns adopted by eusocial species. -
Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the Collections of the Moravian Museum, Brno
ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 93: 97–103, 2008 The subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the collections of the Moravian Museum, Brno KAMIL HOLÝ Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ-161 06 Praha 6; e-mail: [email protected] HOLÝ K. 2008: The subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the collections of the Moravian Museum, Brno. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 93: 97–103. – In total 125 specimens of six species [Megarhyssa rixator (Schellenberg, 1802), Megarhyssa superba (Schrank, 1781), Megarhyssa vagatoria (Fabricius, 1793), Rhyssa amoena Gravenhorst, 1829, Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus, 1758) and Rhyssella obliterata (Gravenhorst, 1829)] deposited in the collection of the Moravian Museum, Brno are revised. M. vagatoria is a new species for the Czech Republic, M. rixator and M. superba are new species for Moravia and R. amoena is a new species for Bohemia and Slovakia. Key words. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae, Megarhyssa, Rhyssa, Rhyssella, Central Europe, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic; first records Introduction Intensive research into the family Ichneumonidae has been undertaken by only two researchers in the territory of the former Czechoslovakia. František Gregor sen. collected material and published articles in the first half of the 20th century and Josef Šedivý continued up to and beyond the turn of the 20th century. Ichneumonologist Radoslav Obrtel was very active in the 1940’s and 1950’s, while Kolubajiv studied the importance of ichneumonids as parasitoids of forest insect pests around the mid-20th century. Faunistic data on members of this very large family appeared only very sporadically and publications tended to concentrate on information about rare or outstanding species. -
SIREX NOCTILIO HOST CHOICE and NO-CHOICE BIOASSAYS: WOODWASP PREFERENCES for SOUTHEASTERN U.S. PINES by JAMIE ELLEN DINKINS (Und
SIREX NOCTILIO HOST CHOICE AND NO-CHOICE BIOASSAYS: WOODWASP PREFERENCES FOR SOUTHEASTERN U.S. PINES by JAMIE ELLEN DINKINS (Under the Direction of Kamal J.K. Gandhi) ABSTRACT Sirex noctilio F., the European woodwasp, is an exotic invasive pest newly introduced to the northeastern U.S. This woodwasp kills trees in the Pinus genus and could potentially cause millions of dollars of damage in the southeastern U.S., where pine plantations are extensive. At present, little is known about the preferences of this wasp for southeastern pine species, and further, little methodology exists as related to conducting host choice or no-choice bioassays with this species. My thesis developed methodology to successfully perform S. noctilio host choice and no-choice bioassays (both colonization and emergence from bolts), examined S. noctilio behavioral and developmental responses to southeastern U.S. pine species using bolts, and investigated possible mechanisms to explain these behavioral responses. Results indicated larger bolts were preferred to smaller bolts by S. noctilio, and P. strobus and P. virginiana were preferred out of six southeastern species in host choice bioassays. KEYWORDS: choice and no-choice bioassay, southeastern pines, European woodwasp, host preference, mechanisms, Sirex noctilio, Pinus SIREX NOCTILIO HOST CHOICE AND NO-CHOICE BIOASSAYS: WOODWASP PREFERENCES FOR SOUTHEASTERN U.S. PINES by JAMIE ELLEN DINKINS B.S. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Athens, GA 2011 © 2011 Jamie Ellen Dinkins All Rights Reserved SIREX NOCTILIO HOST CHOICE AND NO-CHOICE BIOASSAYS: WOODWASP PREFERENCES FOR SOUTHEASTERN U.S. -
Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Linzer biologische Beiträge Jahr/Year: 2010 Band/Volume: 0042_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Ghahari Hassan, Jussila Reijo Artikel/Article: A Contribution to the Ichneumon Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Golestan National Park and Vicinity, Northeastern Iran 1379- 1384 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 42/2 1379-1384 19.12.2010 A Contribution to the Ichneumon Wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Golestan National Park and Vicinity, Northeastern Iran H. GHAHARI & R. JUSSILA Abstract: The fauna of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Golestan National Park and Vicinity (Northeastern Iran) is studied in this paper. In a total of 14 species from 14 genera (Pristomerus, Temelucha, Aclastus, Gambus, Barytarbes, Diadromus, Rhexidermus, Megastylus, Phaestacoenitus, Endromopoda, Rhyssa, Scambus, Strongylopsis, Lathrolestes), and 8 subfamilies (Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Ichneumoninae, Orthocentrinae, Phuridinae, Pimplinae, Ctenopelmatinae) were collected from this large natural ecosystem. Key words: Ichneumonidae, Parasitoid, Fauna, New record, Golestan National Park, Iran. Introduction Conservation of natural resources today is a respected and well-merited doctrine at both national and international levels. National parks possessing diverse examples of biotic communication and ecosystems, serving as scientific land use model and representing outstanding values of natural heritage, are one of the means of expressing this doctrine. The distinguishing characteristic of national parks is the non consumptive use of natural resources. They also have many scientific, cultural, educational and recreational inherent values. The Golestan National Park was the first area in Iran to be designated as a national park. It is located at 37,16° to 37,36° north latitude and 55,44° to 56,17° east longitude and has an area of about 91.000 hectares. -
Hylobius Abietis
On the cover: Stand of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in Ottawa National Forest, Michigan. The image was modified from a photograph taken by Joseph O’Brien, USDA Forest Service. Inset: Cone from red pine (Pinus resinosa). The image was modified from a photograph taken by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. Both photographs were provided by Forestry Images (www.forestryimages.org). Edited by: R.C. Venette Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN The authors gratefully acknowledge partial funding provided by USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology. Contributing authors E.M. Albrecht, E.E. Davis, and A.J. Walter are with the Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................2 ARTHROPODS: BEETLES..................................................................................4 Chlorophorus strobilicola ...............................................................................5 Dendroctonus micans ...................................................................................11 Hylobius abietis .............................................................................................22 Hylurgops palliatus........................................................................................36 Hylurgus ligniperda .......................................................................................46 -
THE EFFECT of FOOD SUPPLEMENTS on PARASITOID-HOST DYNAMICS F.L. Wäckers Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center of Terrestrial Ecology, Heteren, the Netherlands
226 Wäckers _______________________________________________________________________________ THE EFFECT OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS ON PARASITOID-HOST DYNAMICS F.L. Wäckers Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Center of Terrestrial Ecology, Heteren, The Netherlands IntroductionParasitoids can be an important factor in regulating insect population dynamics (Utida, 1957). The potential impact of a parasitoid on the population of its host depends, among other factors, on the parasitoid’s longevity, its fecundity, and the efficiency with which it locates its hosts. The vast majority of adult parasitoids require sugar solutions, such as nectar or honeydew, as their main source of energy (Jervis and Kidd, 1986). Sugar feeding can increase parasitoid longevity (Pielou and Glasser, 1953; Wäckers, 1998, 2001; Siekmann et al., 2001) as well as fecundity (Olson and Andow, 1998; Schmale et al., 2001). In addition, well-fed parasitoids are usually also more active and more focused in seeking out their herbivorous hosts (Van Emden, 1962; Wäckers, 1994; Takasu and Lewis, 1995). Each of these three fitness parameters is directly linked to the number of hosts a parasitoid can attack. Therefore, the availability of sugar sources can be a key factor in the population dynamics of a parasi- toid-host system. Lack of suitable food sources has long been suspected to be an important constraint to the success of biological control programs (Illingworth, 1921; Wolcott, 1942; Hocking, 1966). While the provision of food sources as a strategy to raise the impact of parasitoids has often been proposed, the validity of this basic concept remains to be proven. To date, only circumstantial evidence is available to indicate that natural enemies benefit from the availability of food supplements and that feeding actually translates into better herbivore regulation. -
The Role of Mating Systems in Sexual Selection in Parasitoid Wasps
Biol. Rev. (2014), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12126 Beyond sex allocation: the role of mating systems in sexual selection in parasitoid wasps Rebecca A. Boulton∗, Laura A. Collins and David M. Shuker Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, Greenside place, Fife KY16 9TH, U.K. ABSTRACT Despite the diverse array of mating systems and life histories which characterise the parasitic Hymenoptera, sexual selection and sexual conflict in this taxon have been somewhat overlooked. For instance, parasitoid mating systems have typically been studied in terms of how mating structure affects sex allocation. In the past decade, however, some studies have sought to address sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps more explicitly and found that, despite the lack of obvious secondary sexual traits, sexual selection has the potential to shape a range of aspects of parasitoid reproductive behaviour and ecology. Moreover, various characteristics fundamental to the parasitoid way of life may provide innovative new ways to investigate different processes of sexual selection. The overall aim of this review therefore is to re-examine parasitoid biology with sexual selection in mind, for both parasitoid biologists and also researchers interested in sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems more generally. We will consider aspects of particular relevance that have already been well studied including local mating structure, sex allocation and sperm depletion. We go on to review what we already know about sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps and highlight areas which may prove fruitful for further investigation. In particular, sperm depletion and the costs of inbreeding under chromosomal sex determination provide novel opportunities for testing the role of direct and indirect benefits for the evolution of mate choice. -
British Ichneumonid Wasps ID Guide
Beginner’s guide to identifying British ichneumonids By Nicola Prehn and Chris Raper 1 Contents Introduction Mainly black-bodied species with orange legs – often with long ovipositors What are ichneumonids? Lissonota lineolaris Body parts Ephialtes manifestator Tromatobia lineatoria (females only) Taking good photos of them Perithous scurra (females only) Do I have an ichneumonid? Apechthis compunctor (females only) Pimpla rufipes (black slip wasp. females only) Which type of ichneumonid do I have? Rhyssa persuasoria (sabre wasp) Large and/or colourful species Possible confusions - Lissonata setosa Amblyjoppa fuscipennis Nocturnal, orange-bodied species – sickle wasps Amblyjoppa proteus Enicospilus ramidulus Achaius oratorius Ophion obscuratus Amblyteles armatorius Opheltes glaucopterus Ichneumon sarcitorius Netelia tarsata Ichneumon xanthorius Possible confusions - Ophion luteus Ichneumon stramentor Wing comparison Callajoppa cirrogaster and Callajoppa exaltatoria Others Possible confusions - Ichneumon suspiciosus Alomya debellator Acknowledgements Further reading 2 Introduction Ichneumonids, species of the family Ichneumonidae, are difficult to identify because so many look similar. Identifications are usually made using tiny features only visible under a microscope, which Subfamily Species makes the challenge even harder. This guide attempts to allow beginners to name 22 of the most Alomyinae Alomya debellator identifiable or most frequently encountered species from eight of the 32 subfamilies in Britain. It is Banchinae Lissonota lineolaris not a comprehensive guide but intended as an introduction, using characters that are often visible in Lissonata setosa photos or in the field. Ctenopelmatinae Opheltes glaucopterus For a more detailed guide, Gavin Broad’s Identification Key to the Subfamilies of Ichneumonidae is a Ichneumoninae Amblyjoppa fuscipennis good introduction for people who have a microscope or very good hand lens. -
The Lepturine
The Lepturine Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) (The large beetle on the bottom right does not occur in the Pacific Northwest.) of the Pacific Northwest and Other Stories Phil Schapker, M.S. Web version 1.1 April, 2017 Forward to Web Version 1.1 - May, 2017: The current work is a continuation of a chapter from my MS thesis at Oregon State University, completed in Sept. of 2014. Much of this version is copied directly from that document with several additions and corrections to the text, and a number of new photographs. The intitial goal of my thesis was to create a field guide to the PNW lepturines that was useful both to amateur enthusiasts and to scientists in need of a more detailed technical resource. Unfortunately, the work was forshortened due to time constraints for finishing at OSU, and my ultimate pursuit remains a work in progress. After a brief hiatus from active research, I’ve taken back up the effort. The key to genera is largely based on Linsley & Chemsak’s two-part monograph published in 1972 and 1976. It is currently undergoing testing with the intention to incorporate simpler language, a glossary, and photographic aids. I would greatly appreciate any comments, ideas, corrections, or additions. Feel free to email [email protected]. Acknowledgements: Special thanks to Brady Richards for his meticulous help in proofreading the present draft and getting it up on BugGuide. Also to my former adviser, Chris Marshall, for his continued advice and mentorship, and for allowing me to use the resources of the Oregon State Arthropod collection to conduct my research and photograph specimens.