DOCSLIB.ORG

Potential Interactions Between Sharks and a Proposed Fish Farm Off Northern Stewart Island/Rakiura Response to Questions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Potential Interactions Between Sharks and a Proposed Fish Farm Off Northern Stewart Island/Rakiura Response to Questions Potential interactions between sharks and a proposed fish farm off northern Stewart Island/Rakiura Response to Questions Prepared for Ngāi Tahu Seafood Resources Limited June 2020 Prepared by: Warrick Lyon For any information regarding this report please contact: Warrick Lyon Marine Mega Fauna & Fish Biology Group +64-4-386 0873 [email protected] National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd Private Bag 14901 Kilbirnie Wellington 6241 Phone +64 4 386 0300 NIWA CLIENT REPORT No: 2020169WN Report date: June 2020 NIWA Project: NGA20301 Quality Assurance Statement Reviewed by: David Thompson Formatting checked by: Alex Quigley Approved for release by: Alison MacDiarmid This report should be referenced as: Lyon, W.S. (2020) Potential interactions between sharks and a proposed fish farm off northern Stewart Island/Rakiura: Response to Questions. NIWA Client Report 2020169WN: 14. © All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of the copyright owner(s). Such permission is only to be given in accordance with the terms of the client’s contract with NIWA. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. Whilst NIWA has used all reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information contained in this document is accurate, NIWA does not give any express or implied warranty as to the completeness of the information contained herein, or that it will be suitable for any purpose(s) other than those specifically contemplated during the Project or agreed by NIWA and the Client. Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 5 2 Response to Questions ............................................................................................... 6 2.1 Response to Question 1 & 2: Provide information about shark species in the proposal area (and Foveaux Strait) to support the decision not to assess them because they are uncommon in the area, and Question 2: Please provide more information about shark species excluded from the assessment because their interactions with finfish farms at other locations is considered not significant and consider including them in the assessment. ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Response to Question 3: Are any of the recommended avoidance and mitigation measures considered necessary to reduce risk (especially to white sharks) to an ‘acceptable level’, if so which ones? ......................................... 8 2.3 Response to Question 4: What would the consequences be of not implementing any or all of the recommendations? ................................................. 9 2.4 Response to Question 5: Are any of the recommendations necessary to ensure compliance with NZCPS policy 11 relating to potential effects on white sharks? ..................................................................................................... 11 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 13 4 References ............................................................................................................... 14 Tables Table 2-1: A list of shark species from the Stewart Island shelf, recorded from three NIWA summer bottom trawl surveys (Hurst and Bagley 1997). 6 Table 2-2: Each recommended avoidance and mitigation measure (Francis 2019) is listed and the consequences of not implementing each individual recommendation is recorded in the grey column. 9 Executive summary Ngāi Tahu Seafood Resources Limited commissioned NIWA in 2018 to provide a report assessing the potential for interactions between sharks and a proposed new fish farm situated off north-eastern Stewart Island/Rakiura. The subsequent report by Francis (2019) identified the two shark species most likely to interact with a fish farm in that location: the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias); and the broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus). Environmental Southland raised a number of questions/requests in response to the Francis (2019) report which this report addresses. Specifically, the requests and questions were: ▪ To provide information about other shark species in the proposal area (and Foveaux Strait) to support the decision not to assess them because they are uncommon in the area. ▪ To confirm if any of the recommended avoidance and mitigation measures are considered necessary to reduce risk (especially to white sharks) to an ‘acceptable level’, if so which ones. ▪ What would the consequences be of not implementing any or all of the recommendations. ▪ Are any of the recommendations necessary to ensure compliance with NZCPS policy 11 relating to potential effects on white sharks. At least 22 shark species have been identified from the Foveaux Strait area, and the criteria for assessing their likely presence or absence at the proposed fish farm site are explained. All of the avoidance and mitigation measures recommended by Francis (2019) would contribute to reducing the risks to white sharks. The recommended avoidance and mitigation measures 1 to 3 would be essential, represent international best practice and would have a direct effect in reducing risk to sharks. Recommendations 4 to 8 would be supportive of recommendations 1 to 3 and could be considered as providing additional information and an operating framework in which the benefits of recommendations 1 to 3 could be maximised. If recommendations 1 to 3 were implemented properly, then the other recommendations would not necessarily reduce the risk to white sharks significantly further. It follows, therefore, that the recommendations would not reduce risk equally; recommendations 1 to 3 would have a much larger effect than recommendations 4 to 8. The consequences of implementing all of Francis’s (2019) recommendations would be that sharks would be unlikely to suffer negative interactions from the proposed fish farm. The consequences of implementing none of Francis’s (2019) recommendations would be regular interactions of sharks with the proposed fish farm, some of which could cause injury or death. The goal of the NZCPS-policy 11 is to protect indigenous biological diversity in the coastal environment. White sharks are relevant to Policy 11 part (a) through sections i) and ii) as they are classified as threatened in New Zealand by DOC and globally through the IUCN. Clauses (a)(i) and (a)(ii) of Policy 11 require the proposed fish farm to ‘avoid adverse effects of activities’ on white sharks. Even if the residual risk to white sharks (having implemented recommendations 1 – 3 and additionally 4 – 8) resulted in the death or injury of a single shark, NIWA does not consider this would be significant at the population level. 4 Potential interactions between sharks and a proposed fish farm off northern Stewart Island/Rakiura 1 Introduction NIWA was commissioned by Ngāi Tahu Seafood Resources Limited in 2018 to: i) review and describe the known movements of white sharks at Stewart Island; ii) to review the distribution of white sharks from commercial fishing vessels and observers in Foveaux Strait; iii) review published material on interactions between white sharks and marine farms elsewhere; iv) consider the potential for impacts on other sharks in the region; v) assess the potential for white sharks to be meshed or entangled in the marine farms nets; and vi) make recommendations for mitigating any identified major risks to shark populations. The NIWA report published for Ngāi Tahu Seafood Resources, Francis (2019), assessed the potential for interactions between sharks and a proposed new fish farm situated off north-eastern Stewart Island/Rakiura, at a seafloor depth shallower than 50 m. Francis (2019) identified the two shark species most likely to interact with a fish farm in that location were the great white shark and the broadnose sevengill shark. Large predators, particularly the true sharks and rays, may be attracted to fish farms because they provide an easy opportunity to feed on preferred prey (Papastamatiou, Itano et al. 2011; Loiseau, Kiszka et al. 2016; Francis, M 2019). Predators may cause damage to farms while trying to access the fish, and they may themselves be injured or killed if they are trapped by or in the net, or in the process of being removed from the net by staff (Francis, M 2019). Sharks are particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation because of their typical life-history characteristics (slow growth, late attainment of sexual maturity, long life spans, low fecundity, and low natural mortality, and a close relationship between the number of young produced and the size of the breeding biomass) (Stevens, Bonfil et al. 2000). Sharks and the critical habitats they use during their life-history need to be carefully managed as shark populations can take several decades to recover if over-exploited. In this report the broad definition of ‘sharks’, as the Class Chondrichthyes, is used in responding to the questions. Class Chondrichthyes has three main divisions: the true-sharks (such as white sharks); the flat sharks (skates and rays); and the chimaera (such as ghost sharks and elephant fish). There are over one hundred species from the Class Chondrichthyes found
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Zealand Fishes a Field Guide to Common Species Caught by Bottom, Midwater, and Surface Fishing Cover Photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Malcolm Francis
    New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing Cover photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola lalandi), Malcolm Francis. Top left – Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), Malcolm Francis. Centre – Catch of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), Neil Bagley (NIWA). Bottom left – Jack mackerel (Trachurus sp.), Malcolm Francis. Bottom – Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), NIWA. New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No: 208 Prepared for Fisheries New Zealand by P. J. McMillan M. P. Francis G. D. James L. J. Paul P. Marriott E. J. Mackay B. A. Wood D. W. Stevens L. H. Griggs S. J. Baird C. D. Roberts‡ A. L. Stewart‡ C. D. Struthers‡ J. E. Robbins NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241 ‡ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6011Wellington ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-98-859425-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-98-859426-2 (online) 2019 Disclaimer While every effort was made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ A higher resolution (larger) PDF of this guide is also available by application to: [email protected] Citation: McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; James, G.D.; Paul, L.J.; Marriott, P.; Mackay, E.; Wood, B.A.; Stevens, D.W.; Griggs, L.H.; Baird, S.J.; Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Struthers, C.D.; Robbins, J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th Meeting of the Scientific Committee SC5-DW09 Rev1
    5th Meeting of the Scientific Committee Shanghai, China, 23 - 28 September 2017 SC5-DW09_rev1 Ecosystem approach considerations: Deepwater chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaeras) in the Western SPRFMO Area Clinton Duffy1, Shane Geange1 & Tiffany Bock2 1 Department of Conservation 2 Ministry for Primary Industries 1 23 Aug 2017 SC5-DW09_rev1 1. Purpose of paper This paper provides a characterisation of the catch of chondrichthyans in New Zealand bottom fisheries in the SPRFMO Area and information on potential risks to deepwater chondrichthyan species from SPRFMO bottom fishing. Chondrichthyans, particularly those which predominantly occur or complete most of their lifecycle below 200 m depth, are known to have life history characteristics which make them especially vulnerable to fishing pressure. 2. Background About half of chondrichthyans are considered deepwater species, of which around half are sharks (predominantly squaloid dogfishes, Order Squaliformes, and catsharks, Order Carcharhiniformes, Families Pentanchidae and Scyliorhinidae)), with the remainder being skates (predominantly Arhynchobatidae, Rajidae, and Anacanthobatidae), and holocephalans (Kyne & Simpfendorfer 2007). There are currently 177 species reported from the SPRFMO Area that are known to regularly occur below 200 m depth (Appendix 1). Chondrichthyans generally exhibit relatively slow growth rates, late age at maturity, low fecundity and low natural mortality. Knowledge of the growth and reproductive parameters of most deepwater species is generally poor or completely lacking. For the limited number of deepwater species for which sufficient life history data is available, their estimated intrinsic rebound potential values (i.e., ability of a species to recover from fishing pressure) fall at the lower end of the chondrichthyan productivity scale, and include the lowest levels observed (Kyne & Simpfendorfer 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • FAMILY Chimaeridae Bonaparte, 1831
    FAMILY Chimaeridae Bonaparte, 1831 - shortnose chimaeras [=Chimeria Rafinesque, 1815, Plagiostomata Goldfuss, 1820, Acanthorhina Latrielle, 1825] Notes: Chimeria Rafinesque, 1815:92 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) Chimaera [as Chimera, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; corrected to Chimaerei by Jarocki 1822:402 [ref. 4984] (family); corrected to Chimaerae by Stark 1828:390 [ref. 4193] (family); stem Chimaer- confirmed by Bonaparte 1831:164, 187 [ref. 4978]] Plagiostomata Goldfuss, 1820:X, 113 [ref. 1829] (family) ? Chimaera [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Acanthorhina Latreille, 1825:111 [ref. 31889] (family) Chimaera [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] GENUS Chimaera Linnaeus, 1758 - shortnose chimaeras [=Chimaera Linnaeus [C.], 1758:236] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Fem. Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758. Type by Linnaean tautonymy. Spelled Chmaera by Berkenhout 1789:51 [ref. 12437]. On Official List (Opinion 77, Direction 56). Chimaira Duméril, 1856 on Official Index as an incorrect subsequent spelling (Direction 56). •Valid as Chimaera Linnaeus, 1758 -- (Krefft 1973:78 [ref. 7166], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:212 [ref. 13675], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:17 [ref. 6441], Compagno 1986:144 [ref. 5648], Gomon et al. 1994:186 [ref. 22532], Didier 1995:14 [ref. 22713], Compagno 1999:1533 [ref. 24636], Didier & Séret 2002:225 [ref. 26557], Didier 2002:299 [ref. 26493], Didier 2003:598 [ref. 26986], Compagno et al. 2005:13 [ref. 29145], Paxton et al. 2006:52 [ref. 28995], Didier et al. 2008:327 [ref. 29698], Last et al. 2008:341 [ref. 29699], Gomon 2008:1438 [ref. 30616], Kemper et al.
    [Show full text]
  • AEBR 102 Review of Research and Monitoring Studies on New Zealand
    Review of research and monitoring studies on New Zealand sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras, 2008−2012 New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 102. M. P. Francis W. S. Lyon ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-0-478-40439-5 (online) October 2012 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. METHODS 3 3. RESULTS 5 3.1 Review of research and monitoring studies 5 3.1.1 Taxonomy 5 3.1.2 Identification guides 6 3.1.3 Genetics 7 3.1.4 Distribution, movements and habitat 11 3.1.5 Feeding 21 3.1.6 Age, growth, reproduction and productivity 23 3.1.7 Fisheries, catches, catch per unit effort, and catch composition 27 3.1.8 Trawl survey monitoring 42 3.1.9 Stock assessment and status 50 3.1.10 Mitigation 52 3.1.11 Summary of research 2008–2012 54 3.2 NPOA achievements 56 3.3 NPOA research gaps and recommendations 59 4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 61 5. REFERENCES 62 6. APPENDIX 1. 68 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Francis, M.P.; Lyon, W.S. (2012). Review of research and monitoring studies on New Zealand sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras, 2008−2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Metanephrops Challengeri) in the Bay of Plenty (SCI 1
    New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 42 2009 ISSN 1176-9440 Ecosystem indicators for New Zealand fisheries Ian Tuck Russell Cole Jennifer Devine Ecosystem indicators for New Zealand fisheries Ian Tuck1 Russell Cole2 Jennifer Devine3 1NIWA Private Bag 99940 Auckland 1149 2NIWA P O Box 893 Nelson 7040 3NIWA Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6241 New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 42 2009 Published by Ministry of Fisheries Wellington 2009 ISSN 1176-9440 © Ministry of Fisheries 2009 Tuck, I.; Cole, R.; Devine, J. (2009). Ecosystem indicators for New Zealand fisheries. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 42. 188 p. This series continues the Marine Biodiversity Biosecurity Report series which ceased with No. 7 in February 2005. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................6 2. FISH-BASED ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS......................................................................................7 2.1. Species based indicators (SpBIs) .................................................................................................7 2.1.1. Indicator or endangered species...............................................................................................8 2.1.2. Diversity ..................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative Shark Risk Assessment• 1
    Qualitative (Level 1) Risk Assessment of the impact of commercial fishing on New Zealand Chondrichthyans. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 157. R.B. Ford, A. Galland. M.R. Clark, P. Crozier, C.A.J. Duffy, M. Dunn, M.P. Francis, R. Wells ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-77665-041-5 (online) September 2015 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. METHODS 4 Scope and Panel Composition 4 Pre- workshop preparation 4 Assessment Methodology 10 3. RESULTS 14 Quota Management System (QMS) species 16 Rough skate Zearaja nasuta 18 Smooth skate Dipturus innominatus 19 Dark ghost shark Hydrolagus novaezealandiae 20 Elephantfish Callorhinchus milii 20 Rig Mustelus lenticulatus 21 School shark Galeorhinus galeus 22 Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias 23 Mako Isurus oxyrinchus 24 Pale ghost shark Hydrolagus bemisi 25 Porbeagle shark Lamna nasus 26 Blue shark Prionace glauca 27 Non-QMS species and taxa 28 Carpet shark Cephaloscyllium isabellum 31 Seal shark Dalatias licha 31 Leafscale gulper shark Centrophorus squamosus 33 Longnose velvet dogfish
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Red List for Cartilaginous Fish [Sharks, Skates, Rays and Chimaeras]
    Ireland Red List No. 11 Cartilaginous fish [Sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras] Ireland Red List No. 11: Cartilaginous fish [sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras] Maurice Clarke1, Edward D. Farrell2, William Roche3, Tomás E. Murray4, Stephen Foster5 and Ferdia Marnell6 1 Marine Institute 2Irish Elasmobranch Group 3Inland Fisheries Ireland 4National Biodiversity Data Centre 5Marine and Fisheries Division, Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs 6 National Parks & Wildlife Service Citation: Clarke, M., Farrell, E.D., Roche, W., Murray, T.E., Foster, S. and Marnell, F. (2016) Ireland Red List No. 11: Cartilaginous fish [sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras]. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs. Dublin, Ireland. Cover photos: From top: Thornback ray (Raja clavata) © Sytske Dijksen; Rabbitfish (Chimaera monstrosa) © Ed Farrell; Lesser-spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) © Sytske Dijksen. Ireland Red List Series Editors: F. Marnell & B. Nelson © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2016 ISSN 2009-2016 1 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 5 Red list assessment methodology...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Extinction Risk of New Zealand Chondrichthyans Brittany Finucci1, Clinton A.J. Duffy2, Malcolm P. Francis3, Claudine Gibson4
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.3053Full text version available https://rdcu.be/bOXYf POSTPRINT The extinction risk of New Zealand chondrichthyans Brittany Finucci1, Clinton A.J. Duffy2, Malcolm P. Francis3, Claudine Gibson4, Peter M. Kyne1 1 Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia 2 Department of Conservation, Carlaw Park, 12-16 Nicholls Ln, Parnell, Auckland 1145, New Zealand 3 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Pde, Greta Point, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand 4 Auckland Zoo, Motions Rd, Auckland 1022, New Zealand Key words: shark, ray, chimaera, conservation, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, deepwater, marine management 1 https://www.nespmarine.edu.au/document/extinction-risk-status-new-zealand-chondrichthyans https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.3053Full text version available https://rdcu.be/bOXYf POSTPRINT 1 Abstract 2 3 1. The national extinction risk of New Zealand chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras), 4 which accounts for ~10% of the global chondrichthyan fauna, was evaluated for the first time 5 using the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria. Across 32 families, 103 6 species were assessed. 7 2. New Zealand holds a high degree of species endemism (20%) with deepwater species 8 dominating the fauna (77%). Sharks were the most speciose group with 68 species (66%), 9 followed by 24 rays (23%), and 11 chimaeras (10%). 10 3. Most species were assessed as Least Concern (60%, 62 species) or Data Deficient (32%, 33 11 species), with four (3.8%) species listed as Near Threatened, and four (3.8%) in a threatened 12 category (Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered).
    [Show full text]
  • (2012) Trawl Survey of Middle Depth Species in Southland and Sub
    Trawl survey of hoki, hake, and ling in the Southland and Sub- Antarctic areas, November–December 2009 (TAN0911) N.W. Bagley R.L. O’Driscoll NIWA Private Bag 14901 Wellington 6241 New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2012/05 February 2012 Published by Ministry of Fisheries Wellington 2012 ISSN 1175-1584 (print) ISSN 1179-5352 (online) © Ministry of Fisheries 2012 Bagley, N.W.; O‟Driscoll, R.L. (2012). Trawl survey of middle depth species in the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas, November–December 2009 (TAN0911). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2012/05. 70p. This series continues the informal New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document series which ceased at the end of 1999. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bagley, N.W.; O‟Driscoll, R.L. (2012). Trawl survey of middle depth species in the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas, November–December 2009 (TAN0911). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2012/05. 70p. The thirteenth Tangaroa summer trawl survey of the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas was carried out from 24 November to 23 December 2009. Ninety trawls were successfully completed in 21 strata. Biomass estimates (and c.v.s) for all strata were 66 157 t (16%) for hoki, 22 772 t (10%) for ling, and 1602 t (18%) for hake. The hoki biomass was higher than the 2008 estimate of 48 340 t, continuing the increase from the low of 14 747 t recorded in 2006. The hake estimate from all strata was lower than that in 2008 (2354 t), and the lowest estimate recorded for the summer series for the core strata. The hake biomass in stratum 25 (800–1000 m) at Puysegur was less than half of that observed in 2008 (1088 t in 2008 down to 450 t in 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • REVIEW of the IMPLEMENTATION of the INTERNATIONAL PLAN of ACTION for the CONSERVATION and MANAGEMENT of SHARKS Copies of FAO Publications Can Be Requested From
    FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1076 FIRF/C1076 (En) ISSN 2070-6065 REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARKS Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Publishing Policy and Support Branch Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1076 FIRF/C1076 (En) REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARKS by Johanne Fischer Senior Fishery Resources Officer FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy Karine Erikstein Associate Legal Officer FAO Legal Office, Development Law Service Rome, Italy Brigitte D’Offay Legal Consultant FAO Legal Office, Development Law Service Rome, Italy Solène Guggisberg Intern FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy and Monica Barone Consultant FAO Fisheries Department Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Trawl Survey of Hoki and Middle-Depth Species in the Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas, November–December 2011 (TAN1117)
    Trawl survey of hoki and middle-depth species in the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas, November–December 2011 (TAN1117) New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2013/23 N.W. Bagley R.L. O’Driscoll J. Oeffner ISSN 1179-5352 (online) ISBN 978-0-478-40597-2 (online) April 2013 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bagley, N.W.; O’Driscoll, R.L.; Oeffner, J. (2013). Trawl survey of hoki and middle-depth species in the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas, November–December 2011 (TAN1117). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2013/23. 70 p. The fourteenth Tangaroa summer trawl survey of the Southland and Sub-Antarctic areas was carried out from 24 November to 23 December 2011. Ninety eight trawls were successfully completed in 21 strata. Biomass estimates (and c.v.s) for all strata were 46 757 t (15%) for hoki, 23 336 t (12%) for ling, and 2004 t (23%) for hake. The hoki biomass was lower than the 2009 estimate of 66 157 t but similar to estimates from 2007 and 2008, confirming the increase from the time-series low of 14 747 t recorded in 2006. The hake estimate from all strata in 2011 was higher than the equivalent estimate of 1602 t from 2009, but the hake biomass in stratum 25 (800–1000 m) at Puysegur was less than half of that observed in 2008 (1088 t in 2008 down to 450 t in 2009 and 2011).
    [Show full text]