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THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN • JACKSON SCHOOL OF GEOSCIENCES • 2014 NEWSLETTER NEWSLETTER 2014 • GEOSCIENCES OF SCHOOL JACKSON • AUSTIN AT TEXAS OF UNIVERSITY THE Ne2014wsletter Newsletter insidecover_final_outlined.indd 1 9/15/2014 4:07:08 PM CONTENTS 2 WELCOME 3 BRIEFS 18 FIELD EXPERIENCES 20 IN THE NEWS 25 AWARDS & HONORS 29 LIBRARY REPORT 30 SCIENTISTS On the cover: Jackson School of Geosciences research professor Ian Dalziel with Eugenia Sangines at Siccar Point in Scotland. See pages 32 SUMMER FIELD CAMPS 82-83 for more about the 2014 Texas Exes trip. FEATURES 36 OPENING UP Mexico deregulates its state-run oil industry. By Tracy Idell Hamilton 39 PREPPING FOR SPACE A Jackson School geologist trains astronauts for trip to space. By John Williams 42 DISSECTING A GLACIER Research helps reveal Thwaites Glacier’s role in sea level rise. By Tim Green 44 STRIKING IT BIG WITH NANOTECH Scientists unlock the potential of nanotechnology in energy. By Joshua Zaffos 46 LIFELESS WATERS Mississippi River pollution a likely contributor to Gulf dead zone. By John Williams 49 RIDE HIGH AND SEEK Lidar is giving researchers an eagle-eyed view of the land. By Joshua Zaffos 51 BACK FROM TOTTEN The Newsletter, a tradition since 1950, is Ice alters research plans. By Terry Britt published annually for friends and alumni of the Jackson School of Geosciences at the 52 GEOFORCE TURNS 10 University of Texas at Austin. Program introduces high-schoolers to geoscience. By Angela Curtis EDITOR: Anton Caputo 54 A CLASSROOM AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Melissa Weber Students and professors take a journey to the Arctic. By Rose Cahalan CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Marc Airhart, J.B. Bird, Terry Britt, Rose Cahalan, Anton Caputo, Angela Curtis, Tim Green, Tracy Idell Hamilton, Dennis Trombatore, Melissa Weber, 60 DONORS John Williams, Joshua Zaffos 66 GEOLOGY FOUNDATION ADVISORY COUNCIL MAGAZINE DESIGN: Dana Taylor 68 ALUMNI NOTES CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Rose Cahalan, Kerwyn Chambers, Sasha Haagensen, David Stephens, Kyle Yuhao Sun 86 MEMORIALS Send communications to: 99 CONTRIBUTION & ALUMNI NEWS UPDATE FORM Newsletter Editor The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences 2225 Speedway, Stop C1160 Austin, TX 78712-1692 Stay Connected! Phone: 512-471-6048 facebook.com/UTJSG Fax: 512-471-5585 @txgeosciences Email: [email protected] Web: www.jsg.utexas.edu youtube.com/JSGUTAUSTIN WELCOME Jackson School alumni, staff and friends with the Texas Exes in Scotland during a field trip in summer 2014. Dear Alumni and Friends, As you browse this year’s alumni Newsletter, I think you will agree photos of the 2014 symposium at which graduate and undergraduate that it has been another tremendous year of scientific discovery at the students displayed their research (page 14). This academic year’s sym- Jackson School of Geosciences. posium is Feb. 7, 2015, in the Texas Union Ballroom. Please attend. Our mission at the Jackson School is to advance understanding of You won’t regret it. the earth and its resources, systems and environment, for the lasting As many of you are well aware, the field of geosciences is expand- benefit of humankind. The work featured in this magazine is doing ing and changing rapidly. The evolving landscape offers exciting just that. opportunities and challenges. Among the most important issues we The research you will read about shows a tremendous range of face is how to arm young geoscientists with the skills needed to thrive science, plus the integration of research and education. Among the in the new environment and economy. highlights are the ongoing work that Don Blankenship and colleagues In January 2014, we hosted a National Science Foundation spon- are doing on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (page 42), and closer to sored Summit on the Future of Undergraduate Geoscience Education home, Bayani Cardenas’s research on the Mississippi River’s limita- to foster a dialogue on this crucial issue (page 15). The three-day tions to filter out nitrates flowing to the Gulf of Mexico (page 46). summit brought together about 200 educators from R1 research Also highlighted is Mark Helper’s preparation of the next genera- universities with undergraduate programs, four-year private and state tion of astronauts to conduct field geology in space, continuing Bill colleges and two-year community colleges. This vital work will be Muehlberger’s legacy (page 39). ongoing, but the summit was a great start. And proving that big ideas can come in deceivingly small packages I hope you take pride in the Jackson School as you read this year’s is the cutting-edge research on nanoparticles being conducted by Newsletter. You should, because none of this would be possible BEG’s Advanced Energy Consortium (page 44), and Danny Stockli’s without the support of an active and caring network of alumni and research teasing out a wealth of geological knowledge from a single friends. Thank you so much for helping make the Jackson School the zircon (page 30). great place it is. As exciting as these projects are, they represent only a small frac- tion of the science being pursued at the Jackson School. To really get Sharon Mosher a feel for the breadth and depth of JSG research and student involve- Dean ment, I invite you to attend one of my favorite events of the year, the student-led research symposium. I encourage you to look at the 2 Jackson School of Geosciences BRIEFS RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS See this edition’s feature articles for additional coverage of selected research highlights. Battered But Not Broken Hurricane Sandy may have wreaked havoc throughout Long Island in October 2012, but the massive storm did not seri- ously damage the offshore barrier system that controls the island’s erosion, found researchers with the University of Texas at Austin’s Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) and other scientific institutions. The findings are based on pre-storm survey data compared with post-storm data acquired through a collaborative rapid response science mission to the south shore Above: A New Jersey neighborhood in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Credit: U.S. Navy. Below: Members of the rapid response research team included, from left to right, Jamie Austin, of Long Island led by scientists at UTIG, John Goff, Steffen Saustrup, Cassandra Browne, Beth Christensen and Roger Flood. Adelphi University, Stony Brook Univer- sity and other institutions in the New York higher frequency seafloor mapping system Compared with Galveston, Long Island has a metro area. supplied by Stony Brook University, the greater abundance of sand in its overall system. The purpose of the mission, conducted scientists used two research vessels to profile The storm churned up much of this sand and January 2013, was to assess the post-Sandy the seafloor and upper sediment layers of the moved bedforms, but the scientists speculate health of the offshore barrier system that ocean bottom. They surveyed three represen- that the greater abundance of sand helped protects New York Harbor and the south- tative segments of the shoreface that protects the offshore barriers maintain their overall western Long Island region against damage Long Island, each segment about 15 meters shape and integrity as erosional barriers. from future storms. The team conducted deep, 1 mile offshore and roughly 6 square Tempering this good news, the survey marine geophysical surveys of the seafloor miles in size. team also found evidence the storm brought and shallow subsurface to map the sedi- The storm, they found, did not significantly new pollutants into the waters off Long mentary impact of the hurricane on the erode these sampled segments of shoreface. Island. Heavy metals were detected in a layer beach/barrier systems of selected bay, inlet “The shape of the bedforms that make up of mud that the storm deposited offshore. and nearshore areas of the south shore of the barrier system did not change a whole Beth Christensen, of Adelphi University, Long Island. lot,” said co-principal investigator John Goff, traced the metals back to muds from Long Using a CHIRP (compressed high-inten- of UTIG. “Where we might have expected to Island’s South Shore Estuary Reserve, which sity radar pulse) sonar system and an even see significant erosion based on long-term has a long history of pollution from industry history, not a lot happened—nothing that ate and human habitation. into the shoreface.” The mission was the sixth rapid response “The sand largely took the blow,” added science mission funded by the Jackson co-principal investigator Jamie Austin, also School of Geosciences at UT-Austin. (UTIG of UTIG. “Like a good barricade, the barrier is a research unit within the Jackson School system absorbed the significant blow, but held.” of Geosciences.) The missions place geo- This was not the case in other storm- scientists on the scenes of natural disasters ravaged zones the Texas team has surveyed. as quickly as possible to measure the often When Hurricane Ike hit Galveston in 2008, vanishing traces of hurricanes, earthquakes, the storm significantly disrupted the thin tsunamis and other disasters. finer-grained sediment layer offshore, “The faster we get out into the field to removing material underneath the shoreline measure Earth’s response to naturally de- in a way that exacerbated long-term prob- structive events, the better we can relate data lems of erosion. to the disasters,” said Austin. 2014 Newsletter 3 Bountiful Supply The Fayetteville Shale, one of the nation’s most productive shale gas basins, will continue to be a major contributor to U.S. natural gas supplies for years to come, according to a forecast from the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) released in January 2014. The BEG found recoverable reserves of 18 trillion cubic feet (tcf) through 2050.