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Historic Document – Content May Not Reflect Current Scientific Research, Policies Or Practices U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Historic document – Content may not reflect current scientific research, policies or practices. Technical Papers OF THE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE 30. Estimates of Some Vital Statistics of Northern Pike, Walleye, and Sauger Populations in Lake Sharpe, South Dakota By Joseph H. Elrod and Thomas J. Hassler UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, WALTER J. HICKEL, SECRETARY Leslie L. Glasgow, Assistant Secretary for Fish and WiZdZife, Parks, and Marine Resources Fish and Wildlife Service, Charles H. Meacham, Corrmissioner Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, John S. Gottschalk, Director Washington, D.C. · October 1969 CONTENTS Abstract .• 3 Lake Sharpe 3 Collection and treatment of data 3 Results 5 Northern pike 5 Relative abundance 5 Age composition. 5 Sex ratios 5 Growth. 5 Survival 5 Walleye .. 7 Relative abundance 7 Age composition 7 Sex ratios 10 Growth. 10 Survival 10 Sauger ... 11 Relative abundance 11 Age composition 12 Sex ratios 13 Growth 13 Survival 13 Summary and conclusions 14 References 17 2 ESTIMATES OF SOME VITAL STATISTICS OF NORTHERN PIKE, WALLEYE, AND SAUGER POPULATIONS IN LAKE SHARPE, SOUTH DAKOTA By Joseph H. Elrod and Thomas J. Hassler Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife North Central Reservoir Investigations, Pierre, South Dakota AB.5TRACT. --Catch-effort data derived from gill net samples were used to estimate relative abundance, age composition, sex ratio, growth rate, survival rate, and relative year -class strength of northern pike , walleye, and sauger populations in Lake Sharpe, Missouri River, S. D., during the first 3 years of impoundment (1964-66). Catches were generally highest in Oahe Dam tailwaters. Females were more numerous and larger at most ages than males. A large 1964 year class of northern pike and walleye dominated catches of these species through 1966. Survival rate of the 1964 year class of northern pike declined with age. Survival of pre-1964 year classes of walleye and sauger was higher from 1965 to 1966 than from 1964 to 1965. Relative abundance of northern pike declined during the period considered. Research on Lake Sharpe (Big Bend LAKE SHARPE Reservoir), on the Missouri River in South Dakota, includes studies of the effects of im - Big Bend Dam on the Missouri River was poundment and water-level management on the closed in December 1963, and Lake Sharpe filled fish populations. This report contains an anal­ ear1 y in 1964 . Marked diurnal and weekly flue - ysis of gill net samples and a description of tuations in water level occurred until December some biological characteristics of the three 1965, when pool level was stabilized at 433 meters principal game fish populations in this r eser - (1,421 feet) above mean sea level with an annual voir -- northerri pike (Esox lucius), walleye mean variation of less than 0.5 meter (1.64 feet). (Stizostedion vitreum) , and sauger (Stizostedion The lake is approximately 130 kilometers (81 canadense). Its primary purpose is to provide miles) long, has a surface area of 22, 600 estimates of relative abundance, age composi­ hectares (55 ,845 acres), a maximum depth of tion, sex ratio, growth rate , survival rate, 24 meters (78 feet) and a volume of 23 .4 x lo8 and r elative year-class strength during the cubic meters (1, 900, 000 acre-feet) (fig. 1). Dis - first 3 years of impoundment ( 1964 to 1966) so charge from Oahe Reservoir is the principal that changes within populations may be docu - water source with some runoff entering from mented. the Bad River and smaller intermittent tributaries . The South Dakota Department of Game, COLLECTION AND TREATMENT OF DATA Fish, and Parks provided assistance in gill netting in the summer of 1965. The U.S. Fish populations were sampled with a Bureau of Commercial Fisheries made available 350-foot ( 107. 7 meter) gill net composed of seven some fish specimens in the fall of 1966. 50- by 6-foot (15 .2- by 1.8-meter) panels of the following consecutive mesh sizes: 3/4, 1, 1-1/4, 3 4 Technical Paper 30: Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildltfe 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, and 3-1/2 inches bar measure age indicators was established for northern pike (1.9, 2.54, 3.18, 3.81, 5.08, 6.35, and 8.89 from Oahe Reservoir by Hassler (1969), and centimeters). A standard unit of effort was there is no reason to doubt the applicability of one net fished on the bottom overnight. the scale method to this species in Lake Sharpe. Duration of sets ranged from 17 to 24 hours, Confidence in age determinations from scales with a mean of 18. 7 hours in Oahe tailwaters, of walleye and sauger was based on (1) the and 19 . 8 hours at other locations . independent recognition of a newly recruited dominant year class ( 1964) from time -series Fishing was conducted weekly from length-frequency distributions, ( 2) the October 1964 to June 1965 and biweekly there­ appearance of an annulus each year only during after through January 1967 at a fixed location the spring and early summer months, (3) the in Oahe tailwaters. From June through consistency of independent scale readings, September, 1965 and 1966, fishing was also and ( 4) the occurrence on the scales of all fish conducted biweekly at six approximately equi­ estirµated to be older than the 1964 year class distant downstream locations (fig. 1). Addi­ of successive narrow growth zones followed by tional fish were obtained from trap nets and an unusually wide growth zone beginning in incidental gill net catches. 1964--the first year following impoundment. Each fish was measured (fork length in millimeters) and sexed. A scale sample Estimates of relative abundance (an index was taken from every fish in 1964 and from of population abundance in which variations in the randomly selected individuals from 1965 to availability of fish to the fishing gear are 1967. Ages were determined from scales, and assumed to be random;(see Beverton and Holt, fish taken on or after January 1 were credited 1957, and Gulland, 1965), age composition, with a new annulus. Validity of scale rings as growth and survival rates, and relative year- --- Fig.ure 1 :--Lake Sharpe, South Dakota (sampling locations indicated by circles). Elrod and Hassler: Vital Statistics of Fish. Populations in Lake Sharpe 5 class strength were based on catch per standard Sex ratios unit of effort. Calculations and definitions follow Ricker ( 1958). Data were arbitrarily Females of the 1964 year class were grouped into three time periods that afforded twice as abundant as males during the first 3 maximum utilization of specimens, that is, years of life (table 3). In other year classes (1) March-May, (2) June-September, and (3) males were more numerous at ages II to IV in October-January. !/ Growth and mortality 1964; at ages Ill and IV in 1965; and at age I in rates are assumed to be consistent within each 1966 . The numbers of northern pike in most of time period and therefore comparable between the older age groups were small; hence, sex years. Moreover, annual growth would be ratios may be biased. Disregarding age, females expected to be completed by October and not were more than twice as numerous as males in resume appreciably before the end of May. All 1965 and 1960. available specimens were used for computing sex ratios. Growth RESULTS Mean length of females was greater than than of males at all ages (table 4). Mean length NORTHERN PIKE of age I northern pike of both sexes was less in 1966 than in 1965, although the length range was Relative abundance greate r in 1965. Age II females had a greater mean length in 1966 than in 1964 . The numbers The highest catch per unit of effort was of fish in older age groups were too small for in Oahe tailwaters during the third period in comparisons to be meaningful. 1964 (table 1). Catches at that station subse­ quently declined and reached their lowest levels Annual instantaneous growth rates of fish in 1966. In 1965 and 1966, catches during the of the 1964 year class, calculated from the data second period were lower than those during the in table 4, were as follows: first and third periods . A decline from 1965 to 1966 was also evident at six of seven sampling Males Females locations during the second period. Catch per Age 0 to I 0.293 0.457 unit of effort during the second period was Age I to II -0.053 0.113 highest near West Bend in both years. Growth rate of both sexes was considerably Age composition greater during the first than during the second year of life, with females growing nearly twice Catches included fish of ages 0 ( 1964 as fast as the males. The negative value for males only) through VI (table 2). In every year the reflected a shorter mean length at age II in 1966 mean age reflected the dominant 1964 year (only seven fish were taken) than at age I in 1965. class; no other year class appeared in apprec i­ able numbers . The 1965 year class accounted Survival for about 8 percent of the catch in 1966, and there was no evidence of the 1966 year class . Annual survival rates of the 1964 year Relative year -class strength, estimated from class were calculated from the first-, second-, catch of age I fish per unit of effort at all and third-period catches in Oahe tailwaters and locations during the second period, indicated from second-period catches at the remaining the 1964 year class to be 18 times as abundant locations (table 5).
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