A VISION for SALMON and STEELHEAD Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin

Phase 1 Report of the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force of the Marine Fisheries Advisor y Committee I appreciate that the Columbia Basin Partnership has proven to be a unique forum of people representing diverse regional sovereigns and stakeholders with their own discrete missions and clearly focused on working together, at times outside of their comfort zones, to collaboratively develop far reaching aspirational goals for salmon and steelhead across the Columbia River Basin. — Bob Austin, Upper Snake River Tribes

The Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force was convened in 2017 by NOAA Fisheries and the Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee to develop shared goals and a comprehensive vision for the future of Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. The Task Force is an unprecedented collaboration of different interests from across the Basin landscape—environmental, fishing, agricultural, utility, and river-user groups; local recovery groups; the states of Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Oregon; and federally recognized tribes. The process arose from growing frustration across the region with uneven progress and conflicts around fish conservation and restoration efforts and a widespread desire to find a better way. This report presents a shared purpose gained through these collaborations and envisions a future where coming generations enjoy healthy and abundant salmon and steelhead runs across the Columbia Basin.

For more information of the CBP Task Force please visit: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/partners/ columbia-basin-partnership-task-force.

Cover image: Columbia Basin steelhead. Credit: Richard Grost A VISION for SALMON and STEELHEAD Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin

Phase 1 Report of the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force of the Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee

May 2019 Contents

Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force Members ...... 6 Executive Summary ...... 9 Vision for the Columbia Basin ...... 10 Continuing the Work of The Task Force ...... 10

The Context for Shared Goals for Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead ...... 13 Why Shared Goals? ...... 13 Concept of a Regional Partnership ...... 14 Recommendations to the Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee ...... 15 Moving Forward with a Sense of Urgency ...... 15

Building a Regional Partnership ...... 19 Creating a Common Foundation ...... 21 Recognizing the Many Values of Salmon and Steelhead and the Columbia River ...... 21 Understanding the Challenges of Salmon and Steelhead Recovery ...... 25 Developing Shared Interests ...... 26

The First People of the Columbia Basin: A Tribal Perspective on Developing Shared Goals ...... 29 More Than a Tradition ...... 29 No False Equivalencies in Achieving Recovery ...... 30 Moving Baselines and the Future ...... 30 Moving Forward ...... 31

Building a Collaborative Approach ...... 33 Task Force Organization ...... 33 Major Work Products ...... 34

2 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force This is an important collaboration between the stakeholders that have different goals and needs. — Jess Groves, Port of Cascade Locks

Guiding Principles ...... 36 Vision...... 37 Qualitative Goals ...... 39 Overview ...... 39 Goal 1: Natural Production ...... 40 Goal 2: Harvest and Fishing Opportunity ...... 42 Goal 3: Hatchery/Mitigation ...... 44 Goal 4: Social, Cultural, Economic, and Ecosystem ...... 44

Provisional Quantitative Goals ...... 49 Overview ...... 49 Approach ...... 51 Methods for Developing Quantitative Goals ...... 60 Quantitative Goal Summaries ...... 66

Continuing the Work of the Task Force ...... 80 References ...... 81 Appendix A. Provisional Quantitative Goal Summaries by Stock .... 84 Appendix B. Glossary ...... 170 Appendix C. Terms of Reference ...... 174 Appendix D. Operating Principles ...... 176

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 3 Tables and Figures

Tables Table 1. Natural production goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead...... 41 Table 2. Harvest and fishing opportunity goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead...... 43 Table 3. Hatchery/mitigation goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead...... 45 Table 4. Social, cultural, economic, and ecosystem goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead...... 47 Table 5. Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks defined for Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force based on listing unit and run type...... 56 Table 6. Rule set for quantifying low-, medium-, and high-range goals for natural production...... 61 Table 7. Approach to identifying potential harvest and fishery opportunity consistent with Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production identified by the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force...... 65 Table 8. Rule set for quantifying current and anticipated hatchery production...... 66 Table 9. Aggregate abundance values for natural-origin escapements under current, historical, and low, medium, and high escapement goal ranges ...... 69 Table 10. Current fishery harvest/impact rates, range of increases under current management frameworks, and low, medium, and high goals for natural-origin fish in combined marine and freshwater fisheries for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks...... 70 Table 11. Current and anticipated hatchery production and approximate adult returns to the Columbia River mouth for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks...... 74 Table 12. Historical run-size estimates, current run sizes, and harvest of salmon and steelhead in the Columbia River...... 76 Table 13. Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force high-range goals for natural-origin spawners in relation to historical and current numbers, and corresponding totals for the Columbia River mouth run size and harvest...... 76

4 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force I most appreciate the willingness of all interests to put the fate of salmon above special interests. — Joel Kawahara, Coastal Trollers Association

Figures Figure 1. Map of salmon and steelhead distribution across the Columbia Basin....14 Figure 2. Relationship of types of goals relative to a continuum of fish status ranging from extinct to pristine...... 15 Figure 3. Human population growth and activities in Columbia Basin compared to commercial landings of salmon and steelhead (adapted from Penaluna et al. 2016) ...... 17 Figure 4. Ocean migration routes of Columbia Basin salmon runs...... 22 Figure 5. The major work products that form the Task Force recommendations. ...34 Figure 6. Areas addressed by regional technical teams...... 54 Figure 7. Relationship of fishery management units to hierarchy of listing units, major population groups, and populations...... 55 Figure 8. Categories of goals addressed by the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force...... 58 Figure 9. Concepts for defining natural production goals...... 60 Figure 10. Aggregate abundance values for natural-origin escapements under current, historical (pre-development), and low, medium and high escapement goal ranges...... 67 Figure 11. Current average fishery harvest/impact rates of natural-origin fish and range of increases consistent with Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production under current management frameworks in combined marine and freshwater fisheries for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks...... 68 Figure 12. Potential harvest/impact rates under abundance-based management frameworks at low, medium, and high natural production ...... 72 Figure 13. Current hatchery production for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks...... 73 Figure 14. Annual salmon and steelhead run size to the Columbia River by stock, 1990-2017...... 75 Figure 15. Composition of recent 10-year average salmon and steelhead run to the Columbia River...... 78 Figure 16. Natural production goals for spawning escapement relative to current and historical values...... 79

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 5 Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force Members

Jennifer Anders, Northwest Power Joel Kawahara, Coastal Trollers MAFAC Liaison Team and Conservation Council, Montana, Association Heidi Lovett, MAFAC assistant Salish-Kootenai Tribes and Kootenai BJ Kieffer, Spokane Tribe designated federal officer Tribe of Idaho Joe Lukas, Western Montana Electric Jennifer Lukens, MAFAC designated Bob Austin, Snake River Tribes Generating and Transmission federal officer Foundation, Shoshone-Paiute Tribes Cooperative of the Duck Valley Reservation, Mike Okoniewski, MAFAC member Deb Marriott, Lower Columbia Estuary Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Peter Shelley, MAFAC member Partnership Hall Reservation, Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe, and Steve Martin, Washington State Burns Paiute Tribe. Salmon Recovery Office NOAA Fisheries Project Team Bert Bowler, Idaho Rivers United, Idaho Rob Masonis, Trout Unlimited Barry Thom, West Coast Region Conservation League, Idaho Wildlife Liza Jane McAlister, 6 Ranch, Inc. Michael Tehan, West Coast Region Federation, International Federation Jim McKenna, Governor Brown’s Katherine Cheney, West Coast Region of Fly Fishers, Idaho Sierra Club, and Natural Resource Office, Oregon Patty Dornbusch, West Coast Region Snake River Waterkeepers Kristin Meira, Pacific Northwest Ray Beamesderfer, Affiliate Bill Bradbury, State of Oregon Waterways Association Patrick Frazier, Affiliate Urban Eberhart, Kittitas Reclamation , Northwest Power and Guy Norman Bonnie Hossack, Affiliate District Conservation Council, Washington Barbara Taylor, Affiliate Mike Edmondson, Idaho Governor’s Zachary Penney, Columbia Inter- Office of Species Conservation Tribal Fish Commission, Nez Perce Ben Enticknap, Oceana Tribe, Confederated Tribes of Kearns & West Facilitation Team Steve Fick, Fishhawk Fisheries the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Debra Nudelman Confederated Tribes of the Warm Randy Friedlander, Confederated Springs Reservation of Oregon, and Sylvia Ciborowski Tribes of the Colville Reservation Confederated Tribes and Bands of Annie Kilburg Jeff Grizzel, Grant County Public Utility the Yakama Nation Cate Bush District Kevin Scribner, Salmon Safe Tony Grover, Northwest Power and Norm Semanko, Idaho Water Users Conservation Council, ex-officio Association Jess Groves, Port of Cascade Locks Glen Spain, Pacific Coast Federation of Liz Hamilton, Northwest Sport Fishing Fishermen’s Associations Industry Association Jim Yost, Northwest Power and Marla Harrison, Port of Portland Conservation Council, Idaho Heath Heikkila, Coastal Conservation Association, Pacific Northwest Fisheries

6 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force Members, June 2018. Credit: Tony Grover

The Task Force is thankful for the technical support of the many regional experts who contributed to these recommendations:

Paul Arrington, Idaho Water Users Kristen Homel, Oregon Department of John McMillan, Trout Unlimited Association Fish and Wildlife Kevleen Melcher, Oregon Department Adrienne Averett, Oregon Department Chris Hyland, Walla Walla Watershed of Fish and Wildlife of Fish and Wildlife Partnership Keely Murdoch, Yakama Nation Casey Baldwin, Confederated Tribes of Tom Iverson, Yakama Nation Fisheries the Colville Reservation Gary James, Confederated Tribes of Todd Olson, PacifiCorp Ryan Blackadar, Shoshone-Bannock the Umatilla Indian Reservation Todd Pearsons, Grant PUD Tribes Dave Jepsen, Oregon Department of Levi Pienovi, PacifiCorp Bill Bosch, Yakama Nation Fisheries Fish and Wildlife Dan Rawding, Washington Department Jim Brick, Oregon Department of Fish Amelia Johnson, Washington Lower of Fish and Wildlife and Wildlife Columbia Salmon Recovery Board Kelly Reis, Oregon Department of Fish Alex Conley, Yakima Basin Fish and Tucker Jones, Oregon Department of and Wildlife Wildlife Recovery Board Fish and Wildlife James Ruzycki, Oregon Department of Ryan Couture, Oregon Department of Jeromy Jording, NOAA Fisheries Fish and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Paul Kline, Idaho Department of Fish Bill Sharp, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Ben Cox, Washington Department of and Game Fish Commission Fish and Wildlife Cindy LeFleur, Washington Department John Simpson, Idaho Water Users Quinten Daugherty, Washington of Fish and Wildlife Association Department of Fish and Wildlife Nancy Leonard, Northwest Power and Tim Sippel, Washington Department of Kevin Eslinger, Kittitas Reclamation Conservation Council Fish and Wildlife District Bob Lessard, Columbia River Inter- Tom Skiles, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Matthew Falcy, Oregon Department of Tribal Fish Commission Fish Commission Fish and Wildlife Mark Lewis, Oregon Department of Thomas Stahl, Oregon Department of Dave Fast, Yakama Nation Fisheries Fish and Wildlife Fish and Wildlife Kurt Kesenmyer, Trout Unlimited Ryan Lothrop, Washington Department Ian Tattam, Oregon Department of Fish John Foltz, Washington Snake River of Fish and Wildlife and Wildlife Salmon Recovery Board Greer Maier, Washington Upper Jeff Whisler, Oregon Department of Chris Frederiksen, Yakama Nation Columbia Salmon Recovery Board Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Steve Manlow, Washington Lower Brian Wolcott, Walla Walla Basin Conor Giorgi, Spokane Tribe Columbia Salmon Recovery Board Watershed Council Steve Hays, Chelan PUD Art Martin, Oregon Department of Fish Bill Young, Nez Perce Tribe and Wildlife Jay Hesse, Nez Perce Tribe Joe Zendt, Yakama Nation Fisheries

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 7 The CBP Task Force includes a diversity of stakeholders with many viewpoints. The goal setting process reflects a robust analysis of information based on copious amounts of data. — Bert Bowler, Idaho Rivers United, Idaho Conservation League, Idaho Wildlife Federation, International Federation of Fly Fishers, Idaho Sierra Club, and Snake River Waterkeepers

Salmon habitat in Central Washington. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

8 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Executive Summary

his report presents a unique voice for the future stem the decline and attempt to rebuild the runs to of salmon and steelhead of the Columbia River healthy levels. Results to date are mixed. Many runs Basin. These fish are an integral feature of the remain at low levels; none have been delisted. TColumbia River landscape, culture, and economy Considering the continuing challenges in sus- and represent the lifeblood of the Columbia Basin. taining the fish, NOAA Fisheries commissioned an Preserving the fish for future generations is one of independent, impartial assessment in 2010 to gain the greatest challenges we face today. advice on how best to approach comprehensive, Over the past two years, the 28 members of long-term salmon and steelhead recovery in the the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force (Task region. The Situation Assessment, completed in Force), representing a diversity of managers and 2012, reflected the views of more than 200 stake- stakeholders across the Columbia Basin, have holders, including federal, state, and tribal man- worked diligently and sincerely to develop a shared agers and other parties interested in salmon and vision and goals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead recovery. Important recommendations steelhead. The Task Force forwarded these goals came from this assessment: getting to recovery as recommendations to the NOAA Fisheries Marine will require creative, bold, and effective actions Fisheries Advisory Committee (MAFAC) for their at multiple levels; it will also demand attention to consideration in April 2019. MAFAC reviewed, interdependent legal, regulatory, ecological, social, discussed, and recommended these goals and the cultural, and economic elements. In particular, the full report for submission to the NOAA Fisheries Situation Assessment highlighted the lack of com- Administrator. mon goals in multiple overlapping federal, state, Great runs of salmon and steelhead historically and tribal recovery and management plans and returned to the Columbia River Basin. Estimated that effective recovery processes need to include a at between five and 16 million fish, they returned shared regional definition of success. each year like clockwork to spawn across the vast The Task Force grew out of these recommenda- Columbia landscape. Numbers began to decline in tions. Convened by NOAA Fisheries and MAFAC in the late 1800s with the advancement of European 2017, the Task Force represents an unprecedented settlement and continued to drop into the late collaboration of parties representing environmental, 1900s. Today, the annual runs average just over two fishing, agricultural, utility, and river-user interests; million fish, of which only 40 percent are naturally local recovery groups; the states of Idaho, Montana, produced. The rest come from hatchery programs Washington, and Oregon; and federally recognized developed as natural production declined. Since tribes in the region. These parties share overlapping 1992, more than half of Columbia River salmon and sometimes conflicting values and views about and steelhead species have been listed under the the Columbia River and its salmon and steelhead. U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Tremendous In the past, many of the parties faced each other effort and hundreds of millions of dollars have from opposite sides of a courtroom. The Task Force been invested in the Basin over the last 50 years to brought these representatives together at one table 1 Sources: Northwest Power and Conversation Council’s 1987 Fish and Wildlife Program https://www.nwcouncil.org/fish-and-wildlife/previous-programs/1987-columbia-river-basin- fishwildlife-program and Appendix D of the program “Compilation of Salmon and Steelhead Losses in the Columbia River Basin, March 1986”: https://www.nwcouncil.org/sites/ default/files/AppendixDLosses.pdf; and ISAB report 2015-1: https://www.nwcouncil.org/sites/default/files/isab2015-1_0.pdf

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 9 for the first time to find common ground and foster of factors, including ESA delisting requirements, a collaborative approach to ensure the long-term habitat constraints and production potential, persistence of our salmon and steelhead. density dependence, cultural needs of tribes, Through the Task Force process, these interests fishing interests and sustainability, and mitigation have arrived at a shared purpose and vision for responsibilities. In order to provide a complete future generations. accounting of future needs and desires for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead, the Task Vision for the Columbia Basin Force also quantified current and anticipated hatchery production consistent with the goals A healthy Columbia River Basin ecosystem with for natural production, and current and potential thriving salmon and steelhead that are indicators harvest and fisheries. of clean and abundant water, reliable and clean The Provisional Quantitative Goals translate into energy, a robust regional economy, and vibrant a total increase of naturally produced salmon and cultural and spiritual traditions, all interdependent steelhead from the current average of 400,000 to and existing in harmony. as high as 3.6 million adults. This represents an eightfold improvement from current levels, but is The Task Force developed Qualitative Goals and considerably less than the number of salmon and Provisional Quantitatve Goals that reflect the vision. steelhead that the Basin produced historically. The The Qualitative Goals are: goals also reflect available information on habitat 1. Restore salmon and steelhead in the Columbia production potential. The corresponding average Basin to healthy and harvestable/fishable levels. total Columbia River run (natural- plus hatchery-or- 2. Provide diverse, productive, and dependable igin fish) would be projected to increase from 2.3 tribal and non-tribal harvest and fishing oppor- million to approximately 11.4 million fish. tunities for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead in fresh and marine waters. Continuing the Work of the Task Force 3. Produce hatchery salmon and steelhead to support conservation, mitigate for lost natural The Task Force recommends these Quantitative production, and support fisheries in a manner Goals as provisional, meaning members agree to that strategically aligns hatchery production them in principle and support further exploration in with natural production recovery goals. the next phase of this effort. These recommenda- 4. Make decisions within a broader context that tions provide critical direction to help guide the Task reflects and considers effects to the full range Force’s future discussions. For instance, additional of social, cultural, economic, and ecosystem work will be required to strategically align harvest values and diversity in the Columbia Basin. and fishing aspirations and hatchery production with the natural production goals. The Task Force sees both the need and opportu- The work of the Task Force represents an oppor- nity to act today while at the same time envision- tunity to define a clear measure of success and ing salmon and steelhead runs 100 years from a shared future for Columbia Basin salmon and now. They recognize the sense of urgency to help steelhead. Achieving healthy and harvestable levels Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead, the people of salmon and steelhead will take all regional inter- and communities that rely on them, and the wild- ests working together in an integrated and efficient life, such as Southern Resident killer whales, that manner. The Task Force’s long-term goals will help to depend on them for survival. align the efforts of federal, state, and tribal managers The Task Force’s Provisional Quantitative and other stakeholders on a common path to recov- Goals describe a range of abundance numbers ering salmon and steelhead in the Columbia Basin. for salmon and steelhead that indicate whether a In June 2018, the MAFAC approved continua- Qualitative Goal has been achieved. Provisional tion of this effort, providing the Task Force with the Quantitative Goals are identified for natural opportunity to further test and refine the Provisional production of all ESA-listed and non-listed salmon Quantitative Goals. The Task Force anticipates that and steelhead in the U.S. portion of the Columbia the next phase of work will address many of the River Basin and its tributaries, including some questions around how the goals might be achieved. historical production areas that are currently The common foundation developed through this blocked. The goals are based, wherever possible, initial phase provides Task Force members with the on existing goals and take into account a number tools, respect, and inspiration to move forward.

10 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Definitions of Key Terms Used by the Task Force f Escapement Escapement typically refers to the number of adult salmon or steelhead surviving harvest and other mortality factors to reach a particular point in their return to freshwater. Harvestable Species, stocks, or populations of salmon and steelhead that are sufficiently viable, abundant, and productive to sustain significant levels of exploitation and harvest. Harvestable stocks are typically managed to produce optimum or maximum sustained yield. Harvest ability can encompass both numbers of fish harvested and qualities of fisheries, including opportunity and success. Harvestable can be broadly defined to include “fishable,” which refers to fishery opportunities that may not include direct harvest (e.g., catch and release recreational fisheries). Hatchery- Fish that were spawned and/or reared during a portion of their life cycle in an artificial production origin fish facility. Healthy Salmon or steelhead populations, ESUs, DPSs, or stocks that are abundant, productive, widely distributed, diverse, and resilient to environmental perturbations including climate change; can sustain significant levels of harvest; and support a full range of ecological benefits including the needs of dependent species. Generally, healthy refers to a point substantially above ESA delisting on the spectrum from threatened/endangered to extremely low extinction risk. Mitigation Hatchery fish production used for conservation or harvest purposes that is funded through legislation hatchery or legal agreement to compensate for natural production lost due to a specific action, such as production construction and operation of a dam. Natural Natural production, or naturally produced fish, refers to the progeny of fish that spawn in the wild, production regardless of parental origin (wild, natural, or hatchery). This term is interchangeable with the term natural-origin fish. It is important to distinguish natural production from natural productivity, which refers to the rate at which natural-origin fish are able to produce offspring. Recovery Recovery in general refers to improvement in the biological status of a depleted, weak, or at-risk species to a high level of viability and function.

NOAA Fisheries uses the term ESA recovery to refer to reducing threats and improving a species status to a point where it is no longer threatened or endangered and can be removed from ESA protection. For salmon and steelhead, this involves improving the species’ abundance, productivity, spatial structure, and diversity to levels which provide a high likelihood of long-term persistence (i.e., viable with a low risk of extinction).

NOAA Fisheries uses the term broad sense recovery to define further improvements in a species’ status. Broad sense recovery goals, generally defined by state and tribal entities or stakeholders, go beyond the requirements for ESA delisting to achieve even lower extinction risk and/or to address other legislative mandates or social, cultural, economic, or ecological values. Stock A group of fish of the same species that spawns in a particular lake or stream (or portion thereof) at a particular season and which, to a substantial degree, does not interbreed with fish from any other group spawning in a different place or in the same place in a different season. For the purposes of the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force, a stock is defined for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead based on species (Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, chum salmon, steelhead), region of origin (e.g., Lower Columbia, Middle Columbia, Upper Columbia, Snake, or Willamette), and run type (e.g. spring, summer, fall, late fall).

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 11 People working in collaboration, as we have, lets everyone have a role in designing solutions. This produces a better outcome than a single judge or agency making decisions in isolation. — Jennifer Anders, Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Montana, Salish-Kootenai Tribes and Kootenai Tribe of Idaho

Juvenile steelhead. Credit: John McMillan

12 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force The Context for Shared Goals for Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead

ll of us who call the Columbia Basin home What is missing is a coordinated, basinwide, have high expectations for the future of our multi-partner long-term vision and a common set salmon and steelhead. While we may value of goals. Athe fish for different reasons, they tie us with a com- The Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force mon bond — to each other, our past, and our future. (Task Force) was created to provide a comprehen- Today, many of these salmon and steelhead runs sive approach. The Task Force provides a forum for are struggling. While great runs of salmon and steel- parties with overlapping values and missions for head historically returned to the Columbia Basin the Columbia River and its salmon and steelhead (Figure 1), the runs are now considerably smaller to collaborate on shared goals. Task Force recom- and many are at risk of extinction. mendations reflect shared social, cultural, economic, and ecological values. They define a comprehensive Why Shared Goals? vision of what we want for the fish, and what we want from them. They aspire to “healthy and harvest- Significant effort is underway in the Columbia Basin able” levels of salmon and steelhead — well above to address the problems that hamper the fish, but levels requiring protection under the ESA, where these different actions lack a common endpoint. more than half of the Columbia Basin species now A variety of federal, state, and tribal management stand2 (Figure 2.) At the same time, the goals reflect plans identify goals for various aspects of salmon current realities, including today’s significantly altered and steelhead management and recovery. However, landscape, and are set below historical levels. these plans are focused on specific areas or purposes and do not provide a comprehensive suite of complementary goals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. For example, plans for salmon and steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) provide goals for the recovery of these listed species. Other plans address specific factors for decline, including habitat degradation and the adverse effects of hydropower, hatcheries, and harvest, or aim to achieve different federal mandates or broader social, cultural, economic, and ecological values. All of these plans and goals provide important guidance. Yet each measures success through its own yardstick, leaving open the questions: Where are we, and our salmon and steelhead, Family fishing on Lewis River, Washington. Credit: Richard Grost headed? What unifying goals should lead us there? 2 Of the 19 Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead species (defined as evolutionarily significant units or distinct population segments), 13 are listed and protected under the Endangered Species Act: Lower Columbia River, Upper Columbia River, Upper Willamette River, and Snake River (spring/summer and fall runs) Chinook; Columbia River Chum; Snake River Sockeye; Lower Columbia River Coho; and Upper Columbia River, Middle Columbia River, Lower Columbia River, Upper Willamette River, and Snake River steelhead.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 13 Long-term, shared goals will Figure 1. Map of salmon and steelhead distribution help align federal, state, and tribal across the Columbia Basin. managers and stakeholder interests on a common path toward recovering salmon and steelhead in the Columbia Basin. While NOAA Fisheries convened the Task Force, the goals are not just for NOAA Fisheries to oversee and implement. NOAA Fisheries’ regulatory role is primarily limited to the ESA, and achieving ESA recovery for listed species represents the low end of our recommended goals. Once listed salmon and steelhead achieve ESA recovery and delisting, NOAA Fisheries will work with federal, state and tribal managers and stakeholders, using other authorities, to achieve goals that provide cultural, economic, and ecological values beyond the ESA, such as supporting sustainable fisheries. In addition, sovereign and stakeholder members of the CPB Task Force can use these shared goals in their planning and management processes. Having common goals among managers and stakeholders provides a means to define success, measure progress, and maintain accountability. Attaining ESA recovery and delisting for listed species and then achieving the healthy and harvestable levels of salm- and the William D. Ruckelshaus Center at the on and steelhead — beyond mere ESA delisting lev- University of Washington consulted more than 200 els — will take all regional interests working together stakeholders and federal, state, and tribal govern- in an integrated and efficient manner. The Task Force ment representatives and managers for their insights recommendations represent an opportunity to define on past, current, and future approaches to salmon a clear measure of success and a shared future for and steelhead recovery. Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. The Oregon Consensus Program and Ruckelshaus Center issued their final report of that work, the Concept of a Regional Partnership Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead Long- Term Recovery Situation Assessment3 (Situation In 2012, NOAA Fisheries commissioned two neu- Assessment), in December 2013. In the report, many tral, university-based institutions to assess the respondents voiced support for addressing salmon views of states, tribes, federal agencies, and other and steelhead recovery in a more coherent, inte- stakeholders as to how the region should pursue grated, and efficient way. Many participants also long-term salmon and steelhead recovery goals. expressed the desire for bold leadership, noting their Through an interview-based process, the Oregon frustration with two decades of institutional gridlock Consensus Program at Portland State University and the absence of common goals.

3 https://s3.wp.wsu.edu/uploads/sites/2180/2013/06/ColumbiaRiverBasinSalmonandSteelheadLong-TermRecoverySituationAssessment-FinalReport_000.pdf.

14 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Figure 2. Relationship of types of goals relative to a continuum of fish status ranging from extinct to pristine.

Pristine Historical Potential

Healthy & Harvestable “Broad Sense” G oals “Broad Sense”

S almon tatus Delisted ESA Recovery

Threatened Listed Endangered Extinct TIME

The Task Force grew out of these findings. NOAA Columbia Basin (quantitative goals). The Task Force Fisheries convened the Task Force under and adopted these goals as provisional in March 2019. with the approval of the Marine Fisheries Advisory This means that Task Force members agree to them Committee (MAFAC) to bring together people from in principle and support these goals being further across the salmon and steelhead landscape. For explored in a second phase of this effort. The Task the first time managers, stakeholders, and repre- Force forwarded these recommendations on provi- sentatives of many different interests came together sional goals to the MAFAC for their consideration. to consider the full range of salmon and steelhead MAFAC reviewed and discussed the provisional needs, impacts, and perspectives — scientific, goals and approved them in late April 2019, and is biological, social, cultural, and economic. The rec- recommending these goals to the NOAA Fisheries ommendations of the Task Force are intended to Administrator. Furthermore, MAFAC has extended establish a vision of what we want for our salmon the term of the Task Force to conduct the Phase 2 and steelhead, and what we want from them, in a set work including developing options and recommen- of shared goals for these iconic fish. dations for how the goals could be achieved. The Task Force is forwarding these recommen- Recommendations to the Marine dations on provisional goals to the MAFAC for their Fisheries Advisory Committee consideration and to further recommend these goals to the NOAA Fisheries Administrator. Over the past two years, the 28 members of this Task Force, representing a diversity of managers Moving Forward with a and stakeholders across the Columbia Basin, have Sense of Urgency worked diligently and sincerely to develop shared long-term goals for Columbia Basin salmon and The Columbia River and its tributaries, including its steelhead. This report presents the work of the Task largest tributary, the Snake River, drain a watershed Force to describe those shared goals, expressed of 258,500 square miles (669,500 square kilome- as value statements (qualitative goals) and as ters) that reaches across seven states (Oregon, the range of potential abundance levels for the Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, 24 distinct stocks of salmon and steelhead in the and Utah) and into British Columbia.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 15 Sockeye salmon. Credit: Thomas Kline/Design Pics Inc.

Salmon and Steelhead Recovery under the Endangered Species Act

Thirteen salmon and steelhead species in the Columbia Basin are listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Recovery plans developed for these ESA-listed species — often through locally led, science-driven processes that included federal, state, tribal, and county representatives and other stakeholders — provide recovery direction that meets the needs of the fish and people. ESA recovery plans are roadmaps to rebuilding the natural populations and ecosystems upon which they depend so the species are self-sustaining in the wild for the long term and, thus, no longer need ESA protection.

For these ESA-listed salmon and steelhead, the regional priority remains achieving ESA delisting, which represents the low end of the CBP Task Force’s recommended goals. Numerous partners are currently engaged in implementing hundreds of recovery actions across the Columbia Basin. In Washington State, for example, recovery boards, directed by county, city, tribal, and citizen representatives, and advised by federal, state, and tribal scientists, are engaged in aggressive recovery efforts. The CBP Task Force goals build on this critical recovery work, embracing the momentum and commitment of the many partners recovering ESA-listed salmon and steelhead across the Columbia landscape.

Many of these ESA recovery plans also identify broad sense goals, which describe other social, cultural, economic, and ecological values beyond ESA. These broad sense goals are the basis of the CBP Task Force healthy and harvestable goals for those species.

16 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force The vast river system once Figure 3. Human population growth and activities in Columbia Basin supported massive runs of compared to commercial landings of salmon and steelhead (adapted salmon and steelhead, which from Penaluna et al. 2016). traversed its estuary and traveled hundreds of miles inland to populate the majority of its 3 14 tributaries (Figure 1). Historical 13 abundance is uncertain, but Invasive Species 12 2.5 estimates of adult fish per year Climate Change (~mid 1800s) range from 11 5−9 million (ISAB 2015), to Exurbanization 10 7.5−8.9 million (Chapman 1986), 2 to 8.3 million (PFMC 1979), and Urbanization 9 to 10−16 million (NPCC 1986). Hatcheries 8 Current salmon and steel- 1.5 7 head runs of the Columbia Basin Channel Modiﬁcation/Hydropower number only about 2.3 million fish Logging 6 (2008−17), with the majority of 5 Human population (millions) these from hatchery production. 1 Agriculture

Thirteen of the Columbia Basin Commercial harvest (millions of ﬁsh) 4 Railraods species are listed under the ESA. 3 Numerous factors have contribut- 0.5 ed to the species’ decline, and it Mining 2 will take a concerted effort across Fur Trade (beaver decline) 1 the salmon and steelhead life 0 0 cycle to recover them to healthy 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 and harvestable levels (Figure 3). Some salmon and steelhead runs Data sources: Columbia River commercial harvest numbers from ODFW, WDFW, and ISAB (2015); human population have improved from what they growth from U.S. Census data for Oregon, Washington, and Idaho; and hatchery timeframe from National Research Council (1998). Records of commercial landings do not completely reflect historical abundance but are used here were in the 1990s, in large part because historical numbers for salmon and steelhead abundance do not exist. due to numerous partners who are currently engaged in implementing hundreds of recovery actions across the Columbia This urgency is not just for the benefit of people Basin. Still, we have a long way to go to address the of the Columbia Basin. Salmon and steelhead are many challenges facing these treasured species. a critical component of a complex ecosystem and While the work of the Task Force looks ahead to food web for many species. Critically endangered envision salmon and steelhead runs 100 years from Southern Resident killer whales, as one urgent now, members also recognize that there is both an example, depend upon a diversity and abundance urgent need as well as an opportunity to act today. of salmon stocks up and down the West Coast, The work of the Task Force highlights the potential including many from the Columbia Basin, to pro- — and challenge — before us to ensure that vide the food they need at certain times of the year. salmon and steelhead can persist long into the Consequently, efforts now underway to save the future. Starting now on a common path toward endangered killer whales include working with salm- achieving healthy and harvestable levels of salmon on management partners in the Columbia Basin. and steelhead will enrich the lives of many peo- The Task Force recognizes the many interdepen- ple, including tribes, recreational and commercial dencies of salmon and steelhead in the fabric of fishers, and rural business owners and employees our landscape and culture. It embraces the need to dependent on salmon and steelhead fishing. The work collectively and decisively on a common path longer that “fish” potential goes unrealized, so too towards shared goals and a better future. will the opportunity to revitalize salmon and steelhead-dependent communities in the Columbia Basin be delayed.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 17 Based on my short tenure with the Partnership, I am most impressed with the dialogue amongst the stakeholders and sovereigns. It is professional, respectful, and honest. Continued interaction like this is our best hope for success. — Jim McKenna, State of Oregon

Task Force selection criteria: • Are broadly representative of interests and constituents affected by salmon and steelhead management in the Columbia River Basin; • Have organizational and/or subject matter expertise regarding salmon and steelhead management in the Columbia River Basin; • Have the authority to represent and speak on behalf of their interests/constituents; • Have demonstrated a willingness and ability to work with and respect other stakeholders to find solutions; and • Together represent the geographic diversity of the Columbia Basin.

Chum salmon spawning habitat in Hamilton Creek, Lower Columbia River. Credit: Bonneville Power Administration

18 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Building a Regional Partnership

reation of the Columbia Basin Partnership that the best approach was to form a task force of Task Force addressed one of the key rec- experts and stakeholders from across the region ommendations from the Oregon Consensus under its existing FACA authorities. In the spring of CProgram and the Ruckelshaus Center Situation 2016, the MAFAC officially approved the creation Assessment — the need to make sure those in the of the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force and Columbia Basin whose lives and futures are affect- developed Terms of Reference to define its purpose ed by decisions have an authentic role in develop- and parameters (see Appendix C). ing the long-term goals for salmon and steelhead In the summer of 2016, NOAA Fisheries initiated recovery. NOAA Fisheries, the Northwest Power a formal nominations process and identified criteria and Conservation Council (representing the four for Task Force members through a Federal Register Columbia Basin states), and other regional partners notice (81 FR 47776) and other public announce- held informal discussions about the best way to ments. Individuals and stakeholder organizations address this finding. NOAA Fisheries was highlighted were asked to submit nominees who met the crite- for its leadership role and agreed to pursue a com- ria and represented the broad array of interests in prehensive, collaborative effort to move forward. the region, particularly: Several steps ensued that led to the formation • NGO and environmental of the Task Force. In February 2015, the Northwest • Commercial fishing Power and Conservation Council (Council) agreed • Recreational fishing to align the objectives of the salmon and steel- • Utilities head elements of its Fish and Wildlife Program with • River industries NOAA Fisheries’ efforts to follow up on the Situation • Agricultural/irrigation Assessment. Recognizing the importance of a shared • Local salmon and steelhead recovery groups vision among parties with overlapping and com- from each state plementary missions, the Council tasked staff with On behalf of the MAFAC, NOAA Fisheries compiling existing Columbia River Basin salmon and also invited the governors of Idaho, Montana, steelhead goals and objectives, beginning with goals Washington, and Oregon and the chairs of federally for naturally produced salmon and steelhead. The recognized tribes in the Columbia Basin to submit information generated through this effort provided a the names of individuals they wished to represent foundation for the work of the Task Force. them as sovereign entities. NOAA Fisheries then began to address several Twenty-eight individuals were selected from important process considerations related to form- across the Columbia Basin region by MAFAC to ing a group, including the need to comply with the serve on the Task Force for two years, according Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). This Act to the selection criteria and approved by the NOAA formalizes processes for how agencies can receive Fisheries’ Assistant Administrator. The Task Force’s objective advice from stakeholders. NOAA Fisheries in-depth work and recommendations provide nec- presented the opportunity to its existing federal essary input for MAFAC to formalize its advice for advisory group, the MAFAC, which agreed to sup- NOAA consideration, per FACA processes. port this goal-setting effort. The MAFAC determined

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 19 I feel that the process the Columbia Basin Partnership facilitated allowed me the opportunity to “walk a mile in the shoes” of my partners. Partners who, like me, joined the group with deeply held yet diverse perspectives. — Mike Edmondson, Idaho Governor’s Office

Yakama tribal fishers pulling nets from the Columbia River near Hood River, Oregon. Credit: Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission

20 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Creating a Common Foundation

almon and steelhead contribute much to the identity of the Columbia Basin. They form the Sbackbone of coastal communities, support jobs, and provide recreational opportunities for many people across social classes and geographic origins. Salmon and steelhead and the Columbia Basin ecosystem that supports them are also central to tribal culture, ceremony, and subsistence and are integral to their economy as the first fishers of the Columbia Basin. The Task Force members often reflected upon the importance of the fish for future generations and the landscape, and considered a broad array of values in developing work products. All of these interconnections to salmon and steelhead require that long-term, stable solutions consid- Salmon troller off the North Oregon Coast. er the full range of interests and impacts. The range Credit: NOAA Fisheries of interests represented at the Task Force embraced the many values of salmon and steelhead to our society, culture, economy, and ecosystem. Partnership members rolled up their sleeves and developed a strong shared Recognizing the Many Values of Salmon and Steelhead and the Columbia River purpose to restore salmon populations to the basin and also developed a genuine Although our current landscape is significantly altered from pre-European settlement, salmon and steelhead appreciation and understanding of each continue to be an integral part of the fabric and iden- other’s needs and interests resulting in tity of the Pacific Northwest. Writer Tim Egan once transformation to a place of acceptance. defined the Pacific Northwest as “Wherever the salmon can get to.” Salmon and steelhead are a — Marla Harrison, Port of Portland major cultural icon for the entire region, and are woven into the lives and cultures of many communities throughout the Columbia River Basin. Unfortunately, the fish are now struggling. Recovering salmon and steelhead to healthy and harvestable levels is essential for multiple social, cultural, and ecological reasons. Because the Columbia River’s runs are highly migratory, their value is disbursed over a wide geographical region in

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 21 Figure 4. Ocean migration routes of Columbia River salmon runs.

Sources: Light, J. T., C. K. Harris, R. L. Burgner. 1989. Ocean distribution and migration of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo gairdneri). Fisheries Resource Institute Report FRI-UW-8912. University of Washington. Groot, C., and L. Margolis. 1991. Pacific salmon life histories. UBC Press. Vancouver, BC, Canada. the ocean, south from Central California to far north Alaska. About 32 percent of the Chinook salmon in the Gulf of Alaska, where salmon and steelhead in non-tribal commercial fisheries and 22 percent harvests provide food, jobs, and economic value to of the Chinook salmon harvested in tribal commer- many communities and support multiple food chains cial fisheries north of Cape Falcon on the Oregon and ecosystems (Figure 4). The values of the river coast consist of Columbia River stocks. Columbia system impact the entire West Coast, including areas River stocks of Chinook salmon are a primary where salmon and steelhead no longer swim due to target of commercial fisheries in the Astoria area of dams and blockages, such as in the Upper Columbia northern Oregon and along the Washington coast. and Upper Snake Basins. They also include areas These stocks also account for about 28 percent of that never supported salmon and steelhead but now Chinook salmon harvested in the Southeast Alaska reap the benefits from the river’s uses, including commercial fishery and about 7 percent of the hydropower, transportation, and irrigation. commercial harvest of Chinook salmon harvested in British Columbia marine waters. Fishery Values Commercial fisheries are tremendously important Columbia River salmon and steelhead support to tribal communities. For many tribal members, long-standing and valuable fisheries throughout the fishing is still the preferred livelihood, and Columbia Columbia Basin and in the ocean. Direct and indi- River salmon and steelhead support essential com- rect economic values of commercial, recreational, mercial, ceremonial, and subsistence fisheries. and subsistence fisheries are significant for many Based on annual data from 2008 to 2011, com- communities. mercial fisheries (tribal and non-tribal) harvested Commercial Fishing. Columbia River stocks of 327,493 salmon and steelhead per year, worth Chinook and coho salmon contribute to commer- $5,591,040 (ex-vessel value) annually within the cial fisheries in the Pacific Ocean off the coasts Columbia Basin.4 Washington and Oregon coast- of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and al commercial fisheries, where the contribution of 4 Mitchell Act EIS, p. 4-178-179. For commercial harvesters (including both tribal and non-tribal), the ex-vessel value (i.e., the price received for the product at the dock) of salmon and steelhead provides a measure of its gross economic value. Ex-vessel value represents the direct benefits to the harvester and does not include additional economic benefits resulting from processing and sales associated with retail or restaurant markets. If the cost of fishing (e.g., equipment, fuel, boats, insurance) that commercial harvesters incur is considered, the resulting net income (ex-vessel value minus costs) provides a measure of net economic value.

22 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Columbia River stocks is substantial, harvested and expenditures tend to be highest in the Lower another 129,208 fish with an estimated value of Columbia River and next highest in the lower Snake $2,635,952. These figures represent the income River where steelhead is the primary target spe- and employment from the harvester and processor cies. About 18 percent of the recreational catch stages only and do not include additional benefits and expenditures are from the middle and lower resulting from sales associated with retail or restau- Columbia River Basin. These trip expenditures rant markets. contributed to $160,815,403 in personal income and From boat builders to seafood processors, com- 4,035 jobs. In addition to these trip expenditures, mercial salmon and steelhead fishing generates an other expenditures for equipment (e.g., boats, rods estimated 1,244 jobs, worth $57,457,390 in person- and reels, tackle) also contribute to the economy. al income to the Columbia Basin economy. Many of Sales of these durable goods are a primary source these jobs are indirectly generated by the salmon of income for many Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and steelhead fishing industry and occur in smaller businesses. It is not known how such expenses on coastal communities whose economies are heavily fishing-related equipment amortizes into trip-related dependent on the fishery. For example, the Astoria, expenditures. Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington port areas were Subsistence Fishing. As the primary food important salmon and steelhead processing cen- source for the Columbia Basin tribes for thousands ters, and declining harvests in the Columbia River of years, salmon and steelhead continue to provide have led to major declines in these industries.5 an essential component of their nutritional health.8 Recreational Fishing. Recreational fishing Many tribal members living within the Columbia is also a major economic driver in the Pacific Basin engage in subsistence fisheries as a founda- Northwest, especially in smaller rural communities. tion of their diets, with fish consumption rates far Most of this activity is inland, but significant ocean greater than non-native populations.9 As discussed recreational salmon fisheries also exist in several above, there are also important tribal commercial smaller coastal ports. Economic benefits are shared fisheries that provide livelihoods to tribal members. across communities, from fishing guides to small The net economic benefit derived from com- bait-and-tackle store owners, boat dealers to local mercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries hotel proprietors, authors of printed fishing guides on Columbia Basin-origin salmon and steelhead to local restaurants, and charter boat operators to is only one part of the total regional economic outfitters. Steelhead account for about 45 percent impact related to the health (or lack of health) of (139,507 fish) of all salmon and steelhead caught these stocks. Most coastal ocean salmon com- in recreational fisheries in the Columbia River Basin mercial and recreational fisheries are governed (311,252 fish). A little more than half (161,313 fish) by “weak stock management” rules, under which of the annual average recreational harvest of salmon the weakest stock becomes the limiting factor in and steelhead in the Columbia River Basin (305,168 all other intermingled ocean fisheries. Under weak fish) occurs in the Lower Columbia River and trib- stock management rules, severely depressed but utaries. Along the West Coast (including Southeast intermingled Columbia Basin-origin salmon and Alaska), coho and Chinook salmon contribute fairly steelhead stocks can trigger widespread coastal evenly to recreational salmon fisheries, with an esti- fisheries closures to protect the weakest stocks. mated 224,023 coho salmon and 224,058 Chinook In other words, harvest of more abundant stocks salmon caught annually.6 can be severely restricted whenever there are The economic benefits from recreational catch intermingling weak stocks present, particularly of of salmon and steelhead in the Columbia River those too depressed to safely allow even acci- Basin, based on data from 2008 to 2011, reflect dental harvest. Such weak stock management an estimated 1,515,038 trips resulting in 305,705 closures can cause major economic losses as a fish and about $125,136,636 in trip-related expen- result of lost harvest opportunities of the more ditures.7 Recreational catch and associated trips abundant stocks. These lost opportunities affect 5 Mitchell Act EIS p. 3-84. 6 Mitchell Act EIS p. 3-85. Based on data from 2002 through 2009. 7 Mitchell Act EIS, p. 179-180. Recreational fishers’ willingness to pay for their recreational fishing experience represents a measure of gross economic value associated with fishing for salmon or steelhead. Because recreational anglers also incur costs to fish (e.g., bait, tackle, lodging, guide fees, boat-related expenses, travel expenses, etc.), subtracting out these costs provides a measure of net economic value (i.e., net willingness to pay) for fishing opportunities. 8 See Wy-Kan-Ush-Mi Wa-Kish-Wit, CRITFC’s Spirit of the Salmon Plan. 9 A survey by CRITFC concluded that the average fish consumption rate for members of Native American Tribes in the Columbia Basin was about 58.7 grams/day. A Fish Consumption Survey of the Umatilla, Nez Perce, Yakama, and Warm Springs Tribes in the Columbia Basin, CRITFC Technical Report 94-3 (Oct. 1994), available at: http://www.critfc.org/wp-content/ uploads/2015/06/94-3report.pdf.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 23 ocean coastal fisheries as far south as Central Transportation. Over 50 million tons of cargo California and as far north as Southeast Alaska, worth over $21 billion passes each year through as well as freshwater fisheries in the mainstem the waterway, including over 9 million tons of cargo Columbia River and tributaries. moving through the mainstem Columbia and Snake The overall trend in commercial salmon and steel- River dams and their federal navigation locks. The head landings has been downward since the late Columbia and Snake River system is the nation’s 1930s (although short-term increases were seen in top wheat export gateway, second in the nation the late 1980s and between 2001 and 2004).10 The for soy, and top on the West Coast for forest prod- good news is that much of what has been lost over ucts and minerals exports. Over 50 percent of the the past decades in salmon and steelhead econom- nation’s wheat moves out of the Lower Columbia ic contributions could be recaptured if efforts to River. Of all U.S. wheat exports, 17 percent travels improve abundance prove successful. One estimate through the dams on the Columbia River, and nearly is that restored salmon fisheries in the Columbia 10 percent moves through the four lower Snake Basin could generate up to $500 million/year in addi- River dams, destined for oversea markets.12 tional regional personal income benefits and support Agriculture. Water storage and irrigation networks up to 25,000 new family wage jobs.11 have helped transform arid portions of the Columbia Basin into rich agricultural areas. Many of these proj- Other Resource Values ects also have recreational, flood control, and power Today salmon and steelhead share much of their generation benefits. The Yakima Project, for example, remaining habitat with cities, towns, farms, ranches, has been a driving force in the economic status of managed forests, and other land uses across the the Yakima Valley since its inception in 1902. Today resource-rich Columbia Basin. The fish share a river over 60 different irrigated crops, such as apples, migration corridor with a vast network of Northwest mint, and hops, are valued at $1.3 billion annually in hydropower projects that serve many purposes this subbasin alone.13 The Columbia Basin Project in including commercial navigation, electricity gen- northeastern Washington produces over $1.27 billion eration, recreation, irrigation, and municipal and worth of potatoes, sweet corn, and onions, as well industrial water supply. These developments have as specialty crops like grapes, hops, fruit trees, and significantly impacted salmon and steelhead sur- alfalfa.14 In Idaho, over 300 irrigation districts and vival and habitat quality. They also make significant canal companies contribute water supplies for more contributions to local communities and the Pacific than two million acres of irrigated Idaho farmland, Northwest economy, including: which produce potatoes, vegetables, and dairy prod- Hydropower and Flood Control. Federal agen- ucts valued at $6−7 billion annually.15 cies have built 31 major multipurpose dams on the Columbia River and its tributaries. The hydropower Ecological Values generated from the federal projects, sold on the The historic salmon and steelhead runs of the wholesale power market by the Bonneville Power Columbia Basin did not exist in isolation; they were Administration to public utility districts, rural electric an integral part of a vast and intricate food web cooperatives, municipal utility departments, and supporting many other species, spanning an area investor-owned utilities, provides about 28 percent across the West Coast from San Diego to Southeast of the electric power used in the Pacific Northwest. Alaska. Of note: The federal dams also provide a critical function in A Source of Food. Salmon and steelhead are a flood control protecting homes, businesses, and major or important food source not just for humans, livelihoods. More than 30 privately owned dams but for at least 138 species of birds, mammals, have also been built in the Basin and serve a variety amphibians, and reptiles native to the Pacific of purposes. Northwest that have been identified by scientists as

10 Mitchell Act EIS p 3-83. 11 The Cost of Doing Nothing: The Economic Burden of Salmon Declines in the Columbia River Basin, Institute for Fisheries Resources (Oct. 1996), available at: http://pcffa.org/wp-content/ uploads/2016/10/CDNReport-Columbia.pdf. 12 Statistics sources: Waterborne Commerce of the United States (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Institute for Water Resources), U.S. Department of Agriculture. U.S. Census Foreign Trade Statistics. https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/guide/index.html 13 Source: https://www.usbr.gov/pn/project/brochures/fullyak.pdf. 14 Source: https://www.usbr.gov/pn/project/brochures/columbiabasinproject.pdf. 15 Source: Pacific Northwest Project 2015. The Economic Importance of Western Irrigated Agriculture, Family Farm Alliance Review. Figure 4. Baseline Production Data from National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), USDA, Annual Bulletins and NASS Census Data for 2012 (2013, 2014); and irrigation production estimates from Appendix tables 1 and 2, and methodology described in Pacific Northwest Project water resources-white paper. The Economic Importance of Western Irrigated Agriculture, Family Farm Alliance Review, 2015.

24 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force predators or scavengers of salmon and steelhead returning to spawn contains an average of 130 at one or more stages of the salmonid life cycle. Of grams of nitrogen, 20 grams of phosphorus and this group of 138 species, nine have a strong, con- more than 20,000 kilojoules of energy in the form sistent relationship with salmon and steelhead, and of protein and fat. A 250-meter reach of salmon another 58 have a recurrent relationship with the stream in southeast Alaska receives more than 80 fish. Yet another 25 species have indirect relation- kilograms of nitrogen and 11 kilograms of phospho- ships that depend upon healthy salmon and steel- rous in the form of chum salmon tissue in just over head runs to support their direct prey base.16 one month.20 Southern Resident killer whales depend almost As the bodies of spawning salmon and steelhead exclusively on salmon, with various species com- break down, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutri- prising over 98 percent of their diet;17 of that, ents become available to streamside vegetation. roughly 80 percent is comprised of Chinook salm- According to Robert Naiman of the University of on. A lack of prey, principally Chinook, is among Washington, annual spawning migrations of salmon the greatest threats to Southern Resident killer transport substantial quantities of marine-derived whale recovery and survival. The science shows nutrients from the fertile North Pacific Ocean to they are feeding on salmon off the outer coast freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems.21 One study of Washington, Oregon, and California between concludes that trees on the banks of salmon-stocked January and June, but that these whales concen- rivers grow more than three times faster than their trate near the mouth of the Columbia River at times counterparts along salmonid-free rivers. Growing that coincide with the return of spring Chinook.18 side by side with the fish, Sitka spruce take only 86 The 2008 NOAA Fisheries Southern Resident years, rather the usual 300 years, to reach 50 cm Killer Whale Recovery Plan states, “Perhaps the thick.22 However, a century of widespread salmon single greatest change in food availability for resi- declines has brought this important natural nutrient dent killer whales since the late 1800s has been the recycling system down to an estimated 6 to 7 per- decline of salmon in the Columbia River Basin.”19 cent of historic marine nutrient recycling loads.23 Given the potential for substantial salmon recovery in the Columbia River Basin, conservation efforts Understanding the Challenges of to rebuild natural Chinook populations, along with Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Chinook produced from Columbia Basin hatcheries, can contribute significantly to adequate and Given the complexity of salmon and steelhead abundant prey for Southern Resident killer whale. management, a critical aspect of the Task Force Hatchery-produced Chinook are particularly import- process was to provide a common foundation of ant to supply prey in the near term while natural knowledge about fish management and needs populations are rebuilding. across the complex life cycle. NOAA Fisheries A Source of Nutrients. When they return to held two public workshops to develop this com- spawn, salmon and steelhead become a unique mon understanding of salmon and steelhead biological conveyor belt for nutrients from the ocean status, management approaches, and tribal treaty back to land. For example, an adult chum salmon and trust responsibilities. During the workshops,

16 Species numbers from introductory Abstract in Cederholm, C. J., D. H. Johnson, R. E. Bilby, L. G. Dominguez, A. M. Garrett, W. H. Graeber, E. L. Greda, M. D. Kunze, B. G. Marcot, J. F. Palmisano, R. W. Plotnikoff, W. G. Pearcy, C. A. Simenstad, and P. C. Trotter. 2000. Pacific Salmon and Wildlife – Ecological Contexts, Relationship, and Implications for Management. Special Edition Technical Report, Prepared for D. H. Johnson and T. A. O’Neil (Managing directors), Wildlife-Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. WA Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA. (Hereinafter “Pacific Salmon and Wildlife.) 17 Ford MJ, Hempelmann J, Hanson MB, Ayres KL, Baird RW, Emmons CK, et al. (2016) Estimation of a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population’s Diet Using Sequencing Analysis of DNA from Feces. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0144956.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144956. 18 Haneson MB, Emmons CK, Ward EJ (2013) Assessing the coastal occurrence of endangered killer whales using autonomous passive acoustic recorders. J. Acoustic Soc. Am. 134(5) 3486- 3495. 19 National Marine Fisheries Service (2008) Recovery Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington. At: II-82. 20 Scott M Gende, Thomas P. Quinn, Mary F. Wilson, Ron Heintz & Thomas M Scott (2004). Magnitude and Fate of Salmon-Derived Nutrients and Energy in a Coastal Stream Ecosystem, Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 19:1 (149-160), DOI:10.1080/02705060.2004.9664522; see also Bilby, Robert E; Beach, Eric W.; Fransen, Brian R.; Walter, Jason K.; Bisson, Peter A. Transfer of Nutrients from Spawning Salmon to Riparian Vegetation in Western Washington. Transactions of American Fisheries Society, July 2003, Vol.132(4), pp. 733-745. 21 Naiman, R. J., J. M. Helfield, K. K. Bartz, D. C. Drake, J. M. Honea. 2009. Pacific Salmon, Marine-Derived Nutrients and the Characteristics of Aquatic and Riparian Ecosystems. Challenges for diadromous fishes in a global environment. Pages 395-425 in American Fisheries Society Symposium 69. 22 Helfield, James M., “Effects of Salmon-Derived Nitrogen on Riparian Forest Growth and Implications for Stream Productivity”(2001). Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications. 19. https://cedar.wwu.edu/esci_facpubs/19; Reimchen, T., et al. 2003. Isotopic evidence for enrichment of salmon-derived nutrients in vegetation, soil and insects in riparian zones in coastal British Columbia. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34:59–69. 23 Gresh, Ted; Jim Lichatowich; Peter Schoonmaker. An Estimation of Historical and Current Levels of Salmon Production in the Northwest Pacific Ecosystem: Evidence of a Nutrient Deficit in Freshwater Systems of the Pacific Northwest. Fisheries, Vol. 25(1) (2000), pp. 15-21.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 25 After the first two meetings, I left those meetings thinking, there is no way this process is ever going to work, nor will it accomplish anything meaningful for my tribe let alone recovery within the Columbia River Basin. What has since impressed me was the folks around the table rolled up their sleeves and dove in and began a dialogue of working towards a common goal. — BJ Kieffer, Spokane Tribe regional experts provided background presen- To foster a cooperative atmosphere and build tations on harvest, hatchery, hydrosystem, and trust and respect, NOAA Fisheries engaged neu- habitat management, as well as on recent species tral facilitation expertise to promote interest-based status and related scientific research, to over 100 discussions. The Task Force facilitators encouraged attendees. These presentations are posted on the Task Force members to listen, inquire, and under- Task Force webpage: https://www.westcoast.fish- stand each other’s interests. Each meeting included eries.noaa.gov/columbia_river/index.html. time for several Task Force members to share their In addition, the Task Force identified major interests and hopes, addressing two questions: factors that influence salmon and steelhead recov- • How do people in your community view salm- ery. These factors are associated with hydropower, on and steelhead recovery efforts? habitat, hatcheries, harvest, and reintroduction of • How would you describe the key challenges, salmon and steelhead into blocked areas. Task priorities, and opportunities you see for salmon Force members also discussed ecosystem bene- and steelhead recovery? fits from recovery. Members brought their experi- Over the course of six Task Force meetings, all ence and expertise to the discussions, providing Task Force members shared personal stories and informative presentations on each issue. NOAA experiences in response to these prompts. This pro- Fisheries staff also brought extensive expertise to cess encouraged members to step into one anoth- these discussions. This breadth and depth of Task er’s shoes and more deeply understand the wide Force members’ participation, and their interactions range of interests, values, and concerns shared with NOAA staff, allowed the Task Force members by members. In addition, the Task Force meetings to consider the Columbia Basin comprehensively were structured to allow participants time to thor- and inclusively, including visualizing desired future oughly express their points of view, ask questions conditions for salmon and steelhead within several to explore varied interests and understand the root future timeframes. of differences, and develop creative solutions to meet all interests. As a result, members fostered Developing Shared Interests greater respect and understanding for the multitude of interests and values of those who care about the From the outset, the Task Force made a commit future of the Columbia Basin and found ways to ment to foster the effort as a “collaborative and positively move forward. science-based forum to provide a shared definition This open and forthright atmosphere highlighted of success for salmon and steelhead recovery.” For the commitment, experience, and collective wisdom many members, the Task Force process is their first among members. Members regularly expressed time working directly with each other. In the past, appreciation for respectful discussions about diffi- many of the members have faced each other in cult challenges. Many members acknowledged the the court room on opposing sides. In the Columbia Task Force as a forum that recognized everyone’s Basin, never before has there been one table with interests, while providing an opportunity to look all of these interests working with a shared pur- honestly and openly at the current landscape and pose. And the investment each has in the outcome toward a future for the Columbia Basin with healthy is significant. The commitment to work together and abundant salmon and steelhead. As the Task established a common bond and sense of commu- Force continued to meet, the approach allowed nity around the table. Given a history of contention members to seek common interests and develop in the Columbia River Basin on a variety of salmon a shared vision. With the fish as a common bond, and steelhead-related issues, this level of commit- Task Force members fostered the trust and respect ment provides a unique opportunity for long-term essential to finding solutions and synergies. salmon and steelhead recovery.

26 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Boats docked at marina in Westport, Washington. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

Samples of declared hopes and expectations from the first meeting of the Task Force:

• Educate task force members on the cultural and spiritual role salmon and steelhead have on people’s lives, including treaty/trust responsibility, and that the Columbia Basin provides direct food resources to hundreds of communities. • Salmon is an icon of magic, hope, and renewal in the Pacific Northwest; this aspect should be integrated to sustain cultural significance. • This process can be used to establish and build relationships based on transparency, trust, and accountability to move forward together. • The hope is that this process will help increase communication amongst members to avoid unnecessary litigation in the future. • Success is working together to support, explain, and argue passionately to defend the outcomes of this process in any venue, friendly or unfriendly, public or private. • This process provides the opportunity to listen, learn, and offer expertise as well as to approach issues from each other’s perspectives to meet all interests. • Identify a solution that works towards long-term, lasting, and sustainable change for all interests at the table.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 27 What has struck me most about the Columbia Basin Partnership is the strong desire and commitment by all Task Force members to achieve success. That success is not defined by winners and losers, but by healthy rivers and wild salmon; a vision we are all committed to seeing come true. — Ben Enticknap, OCEANA

Chum salmon in salmon redd, or spawning bed. Credit: Peter Mather

28 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force The First People of the Columbia Basin: A Tribal Perspective on Developing Shared Goals

his chapter was provided by the tribal members of the Task Force to share their perspective on the development of salmon Tand steelhead recovery goals for the Columbia River Basin. More Than a Tradition

The tribal delegates to the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force represent a contingent of diverse sovereign nations that have existed in the Columbia Basin since time immemorial. The rivers and tributaries of the Columbia and Snake Basins have always provided for our people’s needs. We are of this land, and as sovereign tribal nations, we are distinct in our connection to it. Anadromous and native fish, including the five species of Pacific salmon, steelhead, Pacific lamprey, white sturgeon, and eulachon, are part of our identity. They are our relatives, and we participate on this Task Force as part of our sacred responsibility to speak for those who cannot. These fish and the Columbia Basin ecosystem are central to tribal culture, ceremony, and subsistence. Yakama fisher dipnetting from a scaffold along They have always been a fundamental component the Klickitat River in Washington. Credit: Columbia of our tribal economies and trade. The rivers and the River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission fish have taught us many lessons. We are honored and take seriously the opportunity to share our ways and to teach these lessons to those who will listen. We accept that compromise is necessary to bring about a better environment and a better future for the fish, but we will not compromise our identity, and we will never cease to be tribal members. While the participating tribes of the Task Force share different relationships and agreements with the United States federal government and one another, we are aligned in the perspective that salmon and steelhead are more than a vibrant

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 29 The Task Force is an opportunity to meet and interact with a diverse and knowledgeable group of people with an interest in NW Salmon recovery. — Joe Lukas, Western Montana Electric Generating and Transmission Cooperative

cultural or spiritual tradition. The participating tribes and steelhead mitigation that is perceived to have of the Task Force agree that we have a sacred duty demonstrated little in the way of recovery. to salmon and steelhead — indeed all the natural Over the last 200 years, tribal resource losses, resources in the Columbia Basin. We believe that including reduced availability of salmon and steel- if you take care of the resources, the resources will head, are a direct consequence of the resource take care of you. A common tribal perspective is gains of others in the Columbia Basin. It is a false that we are borrowing these resources from future equivalency to propose that all parties on the Task generations. Force should be willing to give up equally, because Our participation on the Task Force is contingent historical gain/loss balances weigh heavily against on the honoring of tribal treaty and trust responsi- tribes. This is especially true for the many tribal bilities/obligations and the Task Force’s continued nations that no longer have anadromous fish return- engagement to help restore and care for what has ing to their homelands. been diminished, conceded, or lost. To this end, the As we move toward testing these provisional participating tribal delegates want to be forthright in broad sense goals, we are looking for zero-loss our perspective of how the Columbia Basin moves compromises and win-win solutions. The tribal forward to achieve the Qualitative and Provisional nations are not willing to accept the normalization Quantitative Goals presented in this document. of the status quo and do not concede our long-term tribal goals for salmon and steelhead restoration, No False Equivalencies in including restoring passage to blocked regions of Achieving Recovery the Columbia River Basin that historically supported anadromous fish. We will continue to look for Participants on the Task Force have developed the shared responsibility and accountability for this provisional “broad sense” recovery goals to address resource into the future. long-term conservation, harvest, and mitigation needs for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. It Moving Baselines and the Future has been clear to us that no members of the Task Force want to see Columbia Basin salmon and The pristine potential of the Columbia Basin is the steelhead go extinct or live in an endless cycle of basis for long-term tribal goals for salmon and steel- adversarial litigation. head restoration; however, it is important to articulate To accomplish the broad sense goals present- that the tribes are looking to the future, not striving ed in this document, we must identify the factors to return the Columbia Basin to 19th century condi- that are within our control to improve salmon and tions. We now live in a society that relies heavily on steelhead survival. This requires change and com- hydropower production and economies associated promise. For tribal nations, the inherent challenge with it, but the salmon and steelhead are showing us with being in a working group like the Task Force that the balance of this relationship is skewed. The is the overarching principle of fair play and com- people of the Pacific Northwest, including British promise. All members of the Task Force need to be Columbia and Alaska, ask a lot of these fish. In some open minded and willing to compromise. The tribal places, we have already asked too much. The Task perspective is unique, in that our history has been Force can change this conversation and determine one of a continuous and unabated loss of resourc- what we can do to help these fish recover. es. Conversely, other sovereign and stakeholder The participating tribes of the Task Force have participants’ histories show significant, measur- been sensitive to the establishment of Provisional able resource gains, even if they can identify a Quantitative Goals with concern that some escape- period of decline in their recent histories or if their ment objectives may reset baselines to levels of constituents are frustrated or fatigued by salmon already degraded conditions. However, for tribal

30 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Together, we’ve built the relationships, knowledge, information, and empathy to move on to bold and durable solutions. — Liz Hamilton, Northwest Sport Fishing Industry Association

nations that no longer have returning salmon and steelhead, they have everything to gain from this process. We view the Task Force provisional goals as a step in the right direction and in line with long- term tribal recovery goals. Moving Forward

We are encouraged by the relationships that have been built, and the respectful dialogue that has ensued between the sovereigns and stakeholders of this Task Force. It is promising that the members of the Task Force are not just focused on the status quo or merely achieving ESA-delisting goals, but rather focused on the future potential of the entirety of the Columbia Basin. With or without the Task Force, the tribes will continue their work to return fish to rivers and heal the Columbia Basin ecosystem. Achieving the goals set forth in this document however, will require Cattle at 6 Ranch in Enterprise, Oregon. coordinated long-term commitment and investment Credit: 6 Ranch, Inc. by sovereigns and stakeholders alike. With respect to salmon and steelhead recovery, we recognize that there are many things outside of our control, Quantitative natural production goals including ocean conditions and climate change. are essential to drive strategy and However, there are undoubtedly many things on the landscape that are within our control, and we must action selection. — Rob Masonis, Trout evaluate and implement the critical actions that can Unlimited move us toward achieving these broad sense provisional goals. As has been our agreement since the beginning, we will continue to speak on behalf of the fish and the ecosystem we have always been in partnership with. We offer this perspective to invite readers of this document to view the Columbia Basin from the tribal lens. Like the salmon and steelhead, the tribes have adapted to the challenges of the last 200 years and have persisted. As measures are implemented to achieve provisional goals, we are sensitive to the reality that Task Force members and their constituents will experience similar challenges to the ones that tribes have faced. We respect and honor your willingness to face those challenges. We look forward to continued collaboration and partnership with the Task Force.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 31 Coming from Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River, I have learned about concerns from those who live in the Upper Columbia. We seem to have more in common than not. — Steve Fick, Fishhawk Fisheries

Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation’s habitat restoration site on the Middle Fork John Day River, Oregon. Credit: Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission

32 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Building a Collaborative Approach

he Task Force employed a collaborative approach to ensure that all of the different Newly emplaced beaver dam analog for habitat restoration on Hawley Creek, a tributary to the Lemhi interests represented around the table — and River, Idaho. Credit: Daniel Bertram, Idaho Office of Tacross the Columbia Basin — were fully heard and Species Conservation considered during group discussions. Task Force Organization

NOAA Fisheries formally convened the Task Force on January 24−25, 2017. Among the first efforts of the Task Force was developing and agreeing to a set of Operating Principles that outlined how the group would conduct its work (see Appendix D). In addition, the Task Force developed and agreed to work plans that identified products and timeframes and established various teams to work on specific aspects of the work plan. Various teams developed draft work products, which were then considered and discussed by the full Task Force at meetings.

Task Force teams included: • A Coordinating Committee, which addressed identified agenda topics and approaches for the Task Force meetings. • A Vision Team, which worked on honing the vision statement for review and discussion by The CBP is a breath of fresh air – the Task Force. finally a potential shift away from • A Qualitative Goals Team, which worked to refine the qualitative goals between Task Force gridlock toward a cooperative meetings. and comprehensive salmon • An Integration Team, which worked on ways to consider the goals across species. recovery effort. It will make a real • Regional technical teams, which were geo- difference! — Glen Spain, Pacific Coast graphically based and developed Provisional Federation of Fishermen’s Association. Quantitative Goals for each region. • A Drafting Team, which worked on developing this report to reflect the work of the Task Force.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 33 Figure 5. The major work products that form the Task Force recommendations.

Framework Operating Engagement Principles Work Plan

Guiding Principles Values Ecological Vision Social Cultural Qualitative Economic Policy Goals Framework Quantitative Goals (Pilot/Prototype)

Quantitative Goals (Basinwide Integration) Analytical Framework Outcome & Strategic Recommendations for Tradeoffs Basinwide Goals

Major Work Products economic values, and reflect desired outcomes in terms of human experience, opportunity, and biolog- The Task Force developed several major products: ical status of the Columbia Basin environment. The Guiding Principles, a Vision Statement, Qualitative Qualitative Goals reflect the Guiding Principles and Goals, and Provisional Quantitative Goals. These Vision, and serve as a foundation for development products address all salmon and steelhead species of Quantitative Goals. The Qualitative Goals team in the United States portion of the Columbia River worked to write and refine the Qualitative Goals over Basin, including all its tributaries, ESA-listed and multiple iterations, with many opportunities for Task non-listed salmon and steelhead, and historical Force members to provide feedback. The Qualitative anadromous production areas that are currently Goals are described later in this report. blocked by dams. Quantitative Goals are measurable and specific The Guiding Principles, Vision Statement, and conditions that would indicate whether a qualitative Qualitative Goals together form the policy frame- goal has been achieved. Quantitative Goals trans- work of the Task Force. The policy framework was late qualitative outcomes into numerical values. In intended to inform the analytical work of the Task this report, we use the term Quantitative Goals, to Force, including the development of Quantitative refer to the quantitative natural production goals, Goals. All of these products together form the final the quantified anticipated hatchery production, and recommendations of the Task Force (Figure 5). quantified potential harvest. Qualitative Goals reflect statements of pur- The Task Force originally intended to develop pose or outcomes consistent with the overarching Quantitative Goals for naturally produced salmon vision for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. and steelhead, for hatchery production, and for They describe our ecological, social, cultural, and harvest and fisheries. As the work of the Task Force

34 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force I’ve appreciated being a part of a diverse group who first listened to each other to gain understanding and then worked together to find solutions.— Liza Jane McAlister, 6 Ranch, Inc.

proceeded, the group determined that additional Early in the effort to develop Quantitative Goals, time, evaluation, and integration among the goal regional technical teams conducted pilot studies to categories was needed to complete Quantitative identify goals for particular salmon and steelhead Goals for hatchery production and for harvest and stocks. These pilot efforts for five prototype stocks fisheries. Therefore, this report reflects Provisional were presented to the entire Task Force to Quantitative Goals for natural production for salmon determine the most appropriate approach for and steelhead in the U.S. portion of the Columbia goal-setting for all Columbia Basin runs. River Basin and its tributaries, including listed and Teams identified Provisional Quantitative Goals non-listed salmon and steelhead, and some histori- in several categories (natural production, harvest, cal production areas that are currently blocked. For hatchery production, and total number of adults hatchery production, this report reflects information returning to the mouth and to specific regions of on current and anticipated hatchery production. For the Columbia River, called the “run” size) for each harvest and fisheries, it reflects potential harvest stock. For each category, they also developed goals under several scenarios. Additional work to refine, in low, medium, and high ranges that reflect a con- integrate, and align the goals for hatchery produc- tinuum of aspiration for progressive improvements tion and for harvest and fisheries with the natural to be achieved over an extended time period. production goals will occur in the next phase of the The teams developed the Quantitative Goals to Task Force process. consider a number of factors, including ESA delis- To develop Quantitative Goals and access the ting requirements, habitat constraints and natural abundance of available data, NOAA Fisheries production potential, tribal treaty obligations and convened regional technical teams with signifi- cultural needs, fishing interests and sustainability, cant experience in the subject area to support the and mitigation responsibilities, including in currently Task Force effort. Each team addressed salmon blocked historical anadromous production areas. and steelhead stocks in a particular region of the Additionally, teams were careful to critically consid- Columbia Basin: Upper Columbia, Snake, Middle er and make use of related goals identified in the Columbia, Lower Columbia, and Willamette River variety of recovery, management, and mitigation Basins. Team members generally included staff from plans that exist in the Basin. This report summarizes states, tribes, NOAA Fisheries, and local experts. the approach and method used to develop each set Each regional team operated under the Guiding of Provisional Quantitative Goals. Appendix A pres- Principles set by the Task Force, including the prin- ents the Provisional Quantitative Goals details by ciple that recommendations be firmly grounded in stock. These goals will be refined in the next phase sound science. of this effort.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 35 Guiding Principles

he Task Force developed Guiding Principles early in the process to capture the spirit of openness, fairness, transparency, and respect among the members. These Guiding Principles were unanimously Tadopted at the June 2018 meeting of the Task Force.

Task Force Guiding Principles

• FAIRNESS: Foster a culture of respect, equity and generosity and be accountable for our interests. • OPENNESS & TRANSPARENCY: Everything is on the table — recognize yours and others’ needs, acknowledge fears, threats, and limitations to success, and be willing to re-evaluate them together. • OBLIGATIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES: Honor legal, statutory, treaty/trust and regulatory obligations, rights, and responsibilities. • CLARITY: Collaboratively arrive at solutions that improve regulatory and legal certainty. • SUSTAINABILITY: Strive for durable and practical outcomes, seeking clarity while acknowledging a dynamic social/ cultural, economic, and natural landscape. • KNOWLEDGE & WISDOM: Ground decisions and recommendations in science, while accepting that science may not be definitive. • INNOVATION & ADAPTIVENESS: Plan for the long term, act in the short term, and be bold in the face of uncertainty and change. • INTERCONNECTION & COMPLEXITY: Envision a healthy and resilient ecosystem. Assume there are multiple solutions to resolving Basin issues.

The Task Force defines the multiple lenses that folks view salmon and steelhead restoration in the Columbia River Basin. — Zach Penney, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Committee (CRITFC).

36 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Vision

he Task Force devoted significant time and care to the creation of an overarching Vision statement to capture the many views and uses of the Columbia River Basin represented by the group, as well as the hopes of each Task Force member for the future of our region. For over one year, each Task Force Tmeeting included an opportunity to review the draft Vision statement, such that Task Force members could reflect on the importance of each word and suggest ways for the group to reach consensus. The word cloud below reflects the nature of the discussions leading up to the Vision statement. The final Vision statement was unanimously adopted at the June 2018 meeting.

Vision for the Columbia Basin A healthy Columbia River Basin ecosystem with thriving salmon and steelhead that are indicators of clean and abundant water, reliable and clean energy, a robust regional economy, and vibrant cultural and spiritual traditions, all interdependent and existing in harmony.

The CBP Task Force is a unique forum that built success with broad representation, honest and respectful dialogue, and region-wide technical contributions. — Guy Norman, State of Washington

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 37 The CBP Task Force has provided an opportunity to include goals for the entire Columbia Basin all the way to the U.S./Canadian Border. — Randy Friedlander, Colville Tribes

Coho salmon. Credit: John McMillan

38 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Qualitative Goals

ualitative Goals capture our different ecolog- In establishing its goals, the Task Force recog- ical, social, cultural, and economic values, nized both the need and opportunity to act today, and reflect desired outcomes in terms of while at the same time envisioning salmon and Qhuman experience, opportunity, and the biological steelhead runs 100 years from now. The Task Force status of the Columbia Basin environment. They often reflected upon this sense of urgency needed describe changes over time in support of the larg- to help the Columbia Basin runs, the people and er Vision and provide context for the Provisional communities that rely on them, and the wildlife, such Quantitative Goals, which are measurable, specific, as Southern Resident killer whales, that depend on numeric values that indicate whether a Qualitative them for survival. Goal has been achieved. The first three goals have a subset of goals that anticipates progress in 25, 50, and 100 years. Overview These timeframes provide a general sense of how we might anticipate steady progress over time. The Task Force identified several Qualitative Goals However, they are not intended to reflect a start- to clarify an approach to achieve their Vision for the ing or ending point for any particular action. Nor Columbia Basin. These Qualitative Goals recognize should long timelines ever be an excuse for post- the need to integrate and balance sometimes com- poning necessary measures. Actions should be peting values and purposes. taken as soon as practicable, wherever practical, and sustained for as long as necessary to achieve Task Force Qualitative Goals: these goals. For some salmon and steelhead 1. Restore salmon and steelhead in the Columbia Basin to stocks, some subgoals may be attainable on a healthy and harvestable/fishable levels. more rapid timeline, depending on the opportu- 2. Provide diverse, productive, and dependable tribal nity to take corrective actions to address them. and non-tribal harvest and fishing opportunities for Others will, by their very nature, take much longer Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead in fresh and to achieve. Overall, achieving our shared Vision of marine waters. the desired future conditions for salmon and steel- 3. Produce hatchery salmon and steelhead to support head in the Columbia Basin will take a multitude conservation, mitigate for lost natural production, and of actions, starting immediately and in an orderly support fisheries, in a manner that strategically aligns sequence. The sequence of actions will be better hatchery production with natural production recovery defined during the next phase of this effort. goals. The fourth goal does not include a timeframe 4. Make decisions within a broader context that reflects because the values it describes are constant. Over and considers effects to the full range of social, cul- time, the decisions that reflect those values may tural, economic, and ecosystem values and diversity in change, but the values themselves will not. the Columbia Basin. Together, the Qualitative Goals represent important values that need to be realized throughout the Columbia Basin for this effort to be successful. While each of these goals stands by itself, this does

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 39 not mean that they are mutually exclusive. Success 50 years, and ESA delisting for all listed salmon and will depend on the ability and willingness of the steelhead within 100 years. These goals are intend- region to balance these goals. ed to build upon existing efforts towards ESA delis- As the Task Force moves into further exploring ting and not to reset any specific timeline proposed provisional goals in the next phase of this effort, dis- in ESA recovery or other plans. Progress will take cussions will focus on how to balance achievement a concerted and comprehensive effort over many of the Qualitative Goals on a stock-specific basis. years. To date, progress has not been sufficient to Different Qualitative Goals may be prioritized for delist any Columba Basin salmon or steelhead. individual stocks. Ultimately, the stock-specific strat- As ESA delisting occurs and ESA regulatory egies will be combined and evaluated to determine if oversight is no longer a legal requirement for some they will achieve benefits to the natural resource and stocks, NOAA Fisheries will continue to be an integral people interacting with that resource, in harmony, as partner in the Columbia Basin, working with state, contemplated by the Task Force Vision. tribal, and federal co-managers to provide sustainable fishery management for salmon and steelhead Goal 1: Natural Production under the Magnuson−Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, including ongoing protections The natural production goal is to restore both listed for salmon and steelhead habitat. and non-listed salmon and steelhead to “healthy and harvestable levels” (Table 1). SubGoal 1C: Achieve Broad Sense Recovery Within the natural production goal are five sub- Subgoal 1C is to achieve broad sense recovery goals with corresponding temporal achievements. beyond ESA delisting to restore listed and unlisted For ESA-listed fish, the first three subgoals reflect a salmon and steelhead to healthy and harvestable progression from current population status to del- levels. Broad sense recovery typically is reflected isting to broad sense recovery. For non-listed fish, in goals developed by stakeholders to go beyond the progression is from current population status the requirements for delisting under the ESA. Broad to broad sense recovery. The last two subgoals sense recovery efforts can address other legislative address spatial distribution, run timing, diversity, mandates or social, economic, and ecological val- and resiliency, which are ongoing concerns as fish ues of having healthy, diverse salmon and steelhead populations, both listed and non-listed, increase populations. under the first three subgoals. SubGoal 1D: Expand Spatial and SubGoal 1A: Prevent Declines Temporal Range Subgoal 1A is to reverse and prevent declines Subgoal 1D is to expand spatial and temporal range, of listed and non-listed stocks within 25 years. It e.g., rebuild historical spatial distribution and run is assumed that under current conditions, some timing of salmon and steelhead at local and basin- stocks are doing well while others are not. At a min- wide scales, including in currently inaccessible areas imum, the first subgoal is to protect all stocks (listed within the historical range. The objectives of this and unlisted) from further decline and to reverse the subgoal are (1) to minimize the risk of extinction and trend for depleted stocks. maximize survival by ensuring that fish are broadly distributed and that their migration patterns are var- SubGoal 1B: Achieve ESA Delisting ied, to provide the greatest security against environ- For ESA-listed fish, it is assumed that progress on mental disaster or change; and (2) to return fish into Subgoal 1A will lead to Subgoal 1B, which is to areas that have been blocked due to anthropogenic achieve ESA delisting, or recover the species to a impacts. Goals were not considered or identified in point where they are no longer threatened or endan- areas that have historically been blocked by natural gered. ESA recovery includes addressing all Viable barriers (e.g., above Shoshone Falls in Idaho and Salmonid Population (VSP) parameters, including Kootenai Falls in Montana). abundance, productivity, spatial structure, and In the Upper Columbia, studies to reintroduce diversity, as well as addressing the species’ major salmon and steelhead are already underway. Within threats to survival. The timeframes associated with the next 25 years, it is assumed those studies will this subgoal reflect the idea that not all stocks can continue and over time, significant, measurable be recovered at once. Thus, within 25 years, it is progress will be made toward rebuilding historical anticipated that some salmon and steelhead stocks spatial distribution and run timing. will be delisted, followed by additional stocks within

40 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 1. Natural production goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead.

Goal 1. Restore salmon and steelhead in the Columbia Basin to healthy and harvestable levels.

Subgoals Within 25 years Within 50 years Within 100 years 1-A. Prevent Declines: a. Reverse and prevent Reverse and prevent declines of both listed declines of both listed and unlisted salmon and and unlisted salmon steelhead. and steelhead. 1-B. Achieve ESA a. Achieve ESA delisting b. Achieve ESA delisting for c. Achieve ESA delisting Delisting: Recover for at least some salmon additional salmon ESUs for all listed salmon and ESA-listed salmon and ESUs and steelhead and steelhead DPSs. steelhead. steelhead to a point DPSs. where they are no longer threatened or endangered. 1-C. Achieve Broad Sense a. Make significant, b. Achieve healthy and c. Achieve healthy and Recovery: Restore measurable progress harvestable levels harvestable levels for all listed and unlisted toward broad sense for some salmon and salmon and steelhead. salmon and steelhead recovery of all salmon steelhead. to healthy and and steelhead. harvestable levels. 1–D. Expand Spatial and a. Make significant, b. Continue rebuilding c. Complete rebuilding of Temporal Range: measurable progress spatial distribution and spatial distribution and Rebuild spatial toward rebuilding run timing of salmon run timing of salmon distribution and run spatial distribution and and steelhead at local and steelhead at local timing of salmon and run timing of salmon and basinwide scales, and basinwide scales, steelhead at local and and steelhead at local including in currently including in currently basinwide scales, and basinwide scales, inaccessible areas within inaccessible areas within including in currently including beginning their historical range. their historical range. inaccessible areas to study, develop, and within the historical implement plans for range. restoring salmon and steelhead to currently inaccessible areas within their historical range. 1-E. Expand Diversity and a. Rebuild salmon and b. Continue rebuilding c. Ensure continued Resiliency: Rebuild steelhead runs that are adaptive and resilient resiliency of salmon salmon and steelhead adaptive and resilient salmon and steelhead and steelhead runs and runs that are adaptive to climate change and runs and proactively and continue to adaptively and resilient to other environmental adaptively manage for a manage for a changing climate change and perturbations. changing climate. climate. other environmental perturbations.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 41 The Task Force is a unique, collaborative effort to bring a diverse, basin-wide stakeholder group together around a common vision for Columbia River salmon recovery. — Heath Heikkila, Coastal Conservation Association

The Upper Snake River Tribes have developed and steelhead populations are more adaptive and a long-term, phased approach to restoring anad- resilient to climate change and other environmental romous fish to several major tributaries above the perturbations. Increasing and maintaining biolog- Hells Canyon Complex of hydropower projects in ical diversity is critical to enable populations to the Upper Snake River.24 NOAA Fisheries’ recovery adapt to major environmental changes, such as plans for Snake River fall Chinook, spring/summer the warming climate and new hydrologic regimes. Chinook, and steelhead recommend exploring the This subgoal further ensures that hatchery and feasibility of reintroduction above blocked areas harvest and fishing opportunity goals are aligned to support broad sense recovery goals and, in the with natural production goals. case of Snake River fall Chinook salmon, in the event it is necessary for ESA recovery.25 However, Goal 2: Harvest and the Task Force is advised that reintroduction of Fishing Opportunity ESA-listed fish to historical habitat upstream of the Hells Canyon Complex needs to be consistent with The harvest and fishing opportunity goal is to pro- Idaho state statute, which requires state consulta- vide diverse, productive, and dependable tribal trea- tion and approval. Consideration of restoring natural ty, other tribal, and non-tribal harvest and fishing reproduction of anadromous fish throughout their opportunities for Columbia Basin salmon and steel- historical distribution in the Upper Snake Basin, head in fresh and marine waters. Three subgoals consistent with Subgoal 1D, will require broad are associated with harvest: (1) ensure sustainabili- regional discussions, and development of plans, ty, (2) optimize harvest and fishery opportunity, and guiding principles, and agreements among state (3) share benefits among citizens (Table 2). and treaty tribe fishery co-managers, the Upper In-river and ocean harvest is currently regu- Snake River Tribes, and others (e.g., Idaho Power lated and constrained by various state, federal, Company). The Task Force is committed to continu- and tribal entities based on U.S. v. Oregon, U.S. ing discussion on this topic during the next phase v. Washington, and corresponding agreements; of work. the Magnuson−Stevens Fishery Conservation and Within 100 years, consistent with Subgoal 1D, it Management Act; the Pacific Salmon Treaty; the is anticipated there will be a complete rebuilding of Marine Mammal Protection Act; the Endangered spatial distribution and run timing in all areas of the Species Act; and state statutes, regulations, and Basin that historically have been home to anadro- policies. Fisheries data show harvest rates have mous fish. been reduced as wild stocks have declined. As natural production increases and spatial and Moving forward in recovery, the presumption is that temporal ranges become more diverse, harvest and increased natural production will lead to fewer legal fishing opportunities may expand. constraints, which then would result in increased and more consistent harvest and fishing oppor- SubGoal 1E: Expand Diversity and Resiliency tunities for both hatchery and natural stocks. The Subgoal 1E is to expand biological diversity, overriding theme of Goal 2 is to optimize and align including genetic and phenotypic (life history, harvest and fishing opportunities when salmon and behavioral, and morphological) diversity, so salmon steelhead populations are thriving.

24 http://www.uppersnakerivertribes.org/frg-usrtsproposedfisheriesresourcemanagementprogram_april-2018-2-2/ 25 The ESA recovery plan for Snake River fall Chinook salmon identified three potential pathways to ESA recovery: two via the single, extant population and one that would involve reestablishing the historical population above the Hells Canyon Complex. It identified one of the single-population scenarios as the most likely pathway to recovery but recommended pursuing opportunities for reestablishing natural production of fall Chinook salmon above the Hells Canyon Complex to contribute to broad sense recovery and in the event that achieving a single-population scenario consistent with ESA delisting proves infeasible or unsuccessful.

42 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 2. Harvest and fishing opportunity goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead.

Goal 2. Provide diverse, productive, and dependable tribal and non-tribal harvest and fishing opportunities for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead in fresh and marine waters.

Subgoals Within 25 years Within 50 years Within 100 years 2-A. Ensure a. Ensure that fishery b. Manage fisheries based c. Manage for optimum Sustainability: impacts on weak and on annual abundance sustainable harvest Manage harvest and listed stocks allow to promote rebuilding and fishing opportunity fisheries at levels rebuilding of natural of natural production as healthy stocks are consistent with stocks and do not and share the recovery restored. conserving natural impede recovery. burden. salmon and steelhead populations 2-B. Optimize Harvest and a. Optimize fishery b. Expand fishery c. Fully realize harvest Fishery Opportunity: opportunity and access opportunity concurrent potential with increasing Optimize fishery to harvestable surpluses with progress toward opportunity throughout opportunity and of unlisted and hatchery ESA delisting and broad the range of salmon and harvest of healthy stocks consistent with sense recovery. steelhead stocks. natural and hatchery conservation. stocks based on availability. 2-C. Share Benefits: a. Meet fishery obligations b. As constraints are c. Realize all fishery Realize all fishery and share available reduced, move into obligations and share obligations and share harvest within the focusing fisheries on benefits among users. benefits among users. constraints imposed by sharing the benefits of conservation. increasing numbers of harvestable stocks.

SubGoal 2A: Ensure Sustainability SubGoal 2B: Optimize Harvest Subgoal 2A is to manage harvest and fisheries at and Fishing Opportunity levels consistent with species status. Fishing lev- Subgoal 2B is to optimize fishery opportunity and els are limited to low levels on weak or depleted harvest of healthy natural and hatchery stocks stocks. Higher fishing levels can be allowed as sta- based on availability. In the short term, this means tus improves. The current management regime is to access to harvestable surpluses of unlisted and adjust harvest numbers up or down depending on hatchery stocks. As natural production increases, numbers of returns (annual abundance). As natural harvest and fishing opportunities may expand. populations increase, it is anticipated that fisheries will continue to be managed based on annual abun- SubGoal 2C: Share Benefits dance to promote natural production and to share Subgoal 2C is to realize all fishery obligations and the burden of recovery. This will presumably result share benefits among users in a manner consistent in gradually increased harvest and fishing opportu- with the natural production goal and other con- nities as healthy stocks are restored, with the long- straints imposed by conservation needs. As natural term goal of optimal sustainable harvest and fishing production increases, the focus becomes sharing opportunity. the benefits of harvestable stocks among tribal, non-tribal, commercial, and sport fishing users from across the Columbia Basin and elsewhere.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 43 I’ve appreciated what I consider to be two significant achievements: (1) regional support for both the words and the quantitative goals related to salmon recovery, and (2) the collaboration and relationships which have come about in this very diverse group. Neither would have occurred without the CBP Task Force. — Kristin Meira, Pacific Northwest Waterways Association

Goal 3: Hatchery/Mitigation adverse impacts on natural salmon and steelhead. The intent of this subgoal is to contemplate a time The hatchery/mitigation goal is to produce hatchery when conservation hatcheries are not necessary. salmon and steelhead to support conservation, mitigate for lost natural production, and support fisher- Goal 4: Social, Cultural, Economic, ies, all in a manner that strategically aligns hatchery and Ecosystem production with natural production recovery goals and is consistent with best available science. Society today places a high value on protecting and Artificial production is an important tool for sup- preserving salmon and steelhead runs and their porting conservation and providing fish for harvest watersheds. The role that salmon and steelhead and mitigation. Each hatchery subgoal requires play in the overall health of Pacific Northwest eco- consistency with natural production goals, and it is systems, and the economic and other non-mone- presumed that hatchery managers will use best man- tary benefits, are better understood than in the past. agement practices to achieve conservation needs. Goal 4 recommends making decisions within a broader context that reflects and considers effects SubGoal 3A: Support Natural Production to the full range of social, cultural, economic, and Subgoal 3A recognizes that hatcheries may be ecosystem values and diversity in the Columbia utilized to maintain, support, and restore abundance Basin (Table 4). These considerations are ongo- of natural populations. Hatchery fish can provide ing and, therefore, do not have any particular support for natural populations. For example, one timeframe. common use is to release hatchery adults or juve- Most past development decisions were made niles in order to increase abundance of depressed without regard to their impacts on salmon and steel- natural populations (commonly referred to as head. Goal 4 takes a broader look at other salmon supplementation). and steelhead social values. It stresses the importance of approaching decision-making in a holis- SubGoal 3B: Mitigate for Lost Production tic fashion, including but not limited to traditional and Support Fisheries economics. Goal 4 recognizes that many important Subgoal 3B recognizes that hatchery fish are a tool social and cultural values, as well as major ecolog- to replace lost natural production and/or lost har- ical values, represent important benefits to society vest and fishing opportunity, and contemplates that as a whole. Although these values may be difficult this tool will be important into the future until natu- to monetize, they are essential to the identity of the rally reproducing fish recover. Some Columbia Basin Columbia Basin. hatchery production is mandated by law to mitigate Goal 4 recognizes that all of these values and for losses caused by dam construction and oper- benefits are interconnected, entwined, and to the ation, while in other situations hatchery production extent that one suffers, they all suffer. Salmon is determined by agreement of the co-managers and steelhead are the common denominator, an (states and tribes) to supply fisheries. These hatch- indicator, creating an important bond between ery programs will be aligned with natural production humans, animals, and the ecosystem. Goal 4 asks goals on a stock-specific basis. decision makers to acknowledge and respect this interconnection. SubGoal 3C: Fish Protection Subgoal 3C contemplates changes in hatch- SubGoal 4A: Consider Social Values ery management practices and programs over Social values are often underrepresented in deci- time based on best available science to minimize sion-making. These are the criteria or general

44 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 3. Hatchery/mitigation goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead.

Goal 3. Produce hatchery salmon and steelhead to support conservation, mitigate for lost natural production, and support fisheries, in a manner that strategically aligns hatchery production with natural production recovery goals.

Subgoals Within 25 years Within 50 years Within 100 years 3-A. Support Natural a. As appropriate, continue b. Use conservation c. Achieve a future where Production: Utilize to utilize hatcheries hatchery strategies as conservation hatcheries hatcheries to maintain, to maintain, support, needed to proactively are not necessary unless support and restore and restore at-risk address future threats, unforeseen natural natural production populations, including including climate change. events require an where appropriate. those affected by climate emergency response. change. 3-B. Mitigate for Lost a. Make progress in b. Consider changes in c. Achieve a future where Production and reducing reliance on hatchery objectives we rely less on hatchery Support Fisheries: hatchery production for and production levels production for mitigation Produce hatchery fish mitigation consistent with as overall fishery and fishery enhancement to support tribal treaty/ improvements in natural opportunities are only when natural trust responsibilities production. maintained through production has increased. and meaningful increased fish fishery opportunities abundance. to mitigate for historical losses due to development and to enhance fisheries. 3-C. Fish Protection: a. Continue to implement b. Continue to refine c. Reduce long-term Strategically align changes in hatchery hatchery production, hatchery impacts by hatchery production practices and programs strategies, and practices rebuilding abundance, with natural based on best available based on assessments productivity, diversity, production recovery science (including, in of effectiveness and and distribution of natural goals, consistent some cases, changes technology advances salmon and steelhead. with tribal treaty/ in stocks or species to minimize hatchery trust responsibilities, produced) to minimize impacts on natural and with other adverse effects of salmon and steelhead. legal and mitigation hatchery-origin salmon requirements. and steelhead on naturally produced salmon and steelhead.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 45 I’ve really appreciated the robust exchange of information and views that has built some solid relationships and support for a shared vision for salmon across the Basin. That and the fact that people showed up time and time again to engage. — Barry Thom, NOAA Fisheries

guidelines we use to assess our lives, set our prior- Subgoal 4C calls for future decisions about river ities, and measure successes. They provide guid- management to recognize sharing of costs and ance to individuals and communities in assessing benefits across economic sectors. It recognizes the alternative courses of action and making decisions great economic value of the Columbia River and its that will affect them and their futures. Subgoal 4A tributaries for other purposes, and the importance requires us to make salmon and steelhead resto- of this natural capital as a major driver of the pres- ration decisions that reflect a range of social values ent and future economy. in all their diversity, including consideration of future The Task Force acknowledges that many things generations. will change in the Columbia Basin over the next 100 years. One of the values of this process is that SubGoal 4B: Consider Cultural Values fostering ongoing collaboration among different Salmon and steelhead are a major cultural icon Columbia Basin partners will facilitate beneficial for the entire region and are woven into the lives change for all interests over time. and cultures of many communities throughout the Columbia River Basin. Cultural values are the core SubGoal 4D: Consider Ecosystem Values principles shared by a community, and they may Subgoal 4D calls us to make future decisions that be customs, religion, practices, a set of beliefs, or consider the role of salmon and steelhead in the shared values. whole ecosystem and support a full range of eco- Nowhere is the connection between salmon, logical benefits from restored runs, including the steelhead, and culture more direct than within the needs of dependent wildlife. various tribal communities in the Pacific Northwest As noted previously in the report, the historic and Alaska. As described in the Tribal Perspective salmon and steelhead runs of the Columbia Basin section, salmon, steelhead, and other native fish are did not exist in isolation; they were an integral part an integral part of the tribal identity. of (and a major support for) a vast and intricate food web supporting many other species. Spanning an SubGoal 4C: Consider Economic Values area across the West Coast from San Diego to the Salmon and/or steelhead fisheries dependent on the Gulf of Alaska, salmon and steelhead are a major Columbia River Basin drive a vast, multi-million dollar or important food source not just for humans, but fishing-based economy extending all the way south for at least 138 other species of birds, mammals, to central California, and north well into the Gulf of amphibians, and reptiles native to the Pacific Alaska. Salmon and steelhead are a major source of Northwest. For example, endangered Southern high-quality food on America’s tables and for export. Resident killer whales are declining, in part due There are also a multitude of economic impacts to lack of salmon coming from West Coast rivers, and benefits derived from the past industrial devel- including the Columbia River. As noted previously, opment of the Columbia Basin, including the gen- salmon and steelhead are likewise an important eration of hydropower, irrigation in the upper parts driver of the forest nutrient cycle that supports of the Basin, river transportation to and from the forest health and are important to the health of the Port of Astoria to Lewiston, Idaho, and the sup- region’s saltwater estuaries. porting infrastructure for international shipping from Portland.

46 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 4. Social, cultural, economic, and ecosystem goal and subgoals for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead.

Goal 4. Make decisions within a broader context that reflects, and considers effects to, the full range of social, cultural, economic, and ecosystem values and diversity in the Columbia Basin. 4-A. Social Goal: Make decisions that reflect the social importance of salmon and steelhead to people throughout the Columbia Basin, recognizing the full range of social diversity and values that are present. 4-B. Cultural Goal: Make decisions that reflect the cultural importance of salmon and steelhead to people throughout the Columbia Basin, recognizing the full range of cultural values that are present. 4-C. Economic Goal: Make decisions that are based on the principle of equitable sharing of costs and benefits across economic sectors. Also, make decisions that recognize the great economic value of the Columbia River and its tributaries, and the importance of this natural capital as a major driver of the present and future economy for all in the Pacific Northwest. 4-D. Ecosystem Goal: Make decisions that consider the role of salmon and steelhead in the ecosystem and that support a full range of ecological benefits, including the needs of dependent wildlife.

We are all very proud of successfully completing Phase 1 of our MAFAC CBP Task Force work. It is a shining example of how people from diverse points of view can gather together, establish friendships, understand problems and come up with goals that are the beginning of setting up the river basin ecosystem and the society that depends on it for survival into the coming centuries. — Urban Eberhart, Kittitas Southern Resident killer whale. Credit: NOAA Fisheries Reclamation District

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 47 The greatest value and benefit of the Task Force has been the relationships that have developed amongst many members and the mutual trust and respect generated from those relationships. — Jeff Grizzel, Grant County Public Utility District

Cruikshank Creek, a tributary to Upper Lemhi River, Upper Salmon Basin, Idaho. Newly emplaced beaver dam analog on river for habitat restoration. Credit: Daniel Bertram, Idaho Office of Species Conservation

48 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Provisional Quantitative Goals

uantitative goals are measurable and specific Overview conditions that would indicate whether a qualitative goal described in the last chapter To develop the quantitative goals and access Qhas been achieved. Quantitative goals translate numerous data sources, NOAA Fisheries convened qualitative outcomes into numerical values. regional technical teams with subject matter and The Task Force originally intended to develop geographic expertise. A NOAA Fisheries project quantitative goals for naturally produced salmon and team provided technical guidance to the Task Force steelhead, hatchery production, and harvest and and the regional teams. Regional technical team fisheries. As the work of the Task Force proceeded, members generally included staff from state and the group determined that additional time, evalua- tribal entities and other Task Force member orga- tion, and integration among the goal categories was nizations. These regional teams operated under needed to complete quantitative goals for hatchery the Guiding Principles adopted by the Task Force, production and for harvest and fisheries. Therefore, including the principle that all products be grounded this report reflects Provisional Quantitative Goals in sound science. Where possible, the Quantitative for natural production for all salmon and steelhead Goals are based on existing goals established by in the U.S. portion of the Columbia River Basin and state, federal, and tribal entities. All products devel- its tributaries, including listed and non-listed salmon oped by the technical teams were provided for Task and steelhead, and some historical production areas Force consideration. that are currently blocked. For hatchery production, The goals are identified at the scale of 24 “stocks” this report reflects information on current and antici- defined for the purposes of the Task Force’s pated hatchery production; for harvest and fisheries, goal-setting effort.26 For each stock, regional techni- it reflects potential harvest under several scenarios. cal teams identified Provisional Quantitative Goals for Additional work to refine, integrate, and align the natural production, expressed in terms of adult abun- goals for hatchery production and for harvest and dance, and identified current and anticipated hatch- fisheries with the Provisional Quantitative Goals for ery production, potential harvest, and total run size.27 natural production will occur in the next phase of the Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production Task Force process. and numbers for potential harvest were identified in In this report, we use the term “Quantitative a series of ranges — low, medium, and high — that Goals” to refer to the Provisional Quantitative Goals represent a continuum of decreased extinction risk for natural production, the quantified anticipated and increased ecological and societal benefits. The hatchery production, and quantified potential har- Task Force recognizes that Provisional Quantitative vest. Below we describe the approach and methods Goals do not diminish the long-term desire and intent used to develop and summarize the Quantitative of some fish and wildlife managers to achieve even Goals identified by the Task Force. higher levels of abundance.

26 For the purposes of the CBP Task Force, a stock is defined based on species (Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, chum salmon, steelhead), region of origin (e.g., Lower Columbia, Middle Columbia, Upper Columbia, Snake, or Willamette) and run type (e.g. spring, summer, fall, late fall). 27 Total run-size goals are aggregate numbers of salmon and steelhead that would be needed to meet natural production goals, provide for identified levels of harvest and fisheries, and meet anticipated hatchery production levels. They are identified at basin, species, and stock scales and used for evaluating status and goals relative to a variety of needs across the Basin.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 49 Provisional Quantitative Goals for Natural agreements, among state and treaty tribe fishery Production. Provisional Quantitative Goals, referred co-managers, the Upper Snake River Tribes, and to here as “Quantitative Goals” for natural produc- others (e.g., Idaho Power Company). For areas above tion, are expressed as numbers of natural-origin tributary dams where plans for passage have been spawners at the population level.28 For listed salm- identified or are starting to be implemented through on and steelhead, the low-range natural produc- some other process (e.g., Cowlitz River, Lewis River, tion goals are, in most cases, consistent with ESA Willamette River tributaries, and Deschutes River), delisting goals. Generally, this is defined as the Provisional Quantitative Goals are included in this abundance number consistent with a viable pop- report. They are not included for areas above tribu- ulation (i.e., a population with a five percent risk tary dams where no formal plans for passage have of extinction over a 100-year timeframe). In some been agreed to or where no goals have been iden- cases, however, ESA recovery plans identified an tified through some other process (e.g., North Fork abundance target consistent with an ESA “recovery Clearwater River). Provisional Quantitative Goals scenario.” Under these scenarios, the abundance were not considered or identified in areas that have goal for a specific population might be higher or been historically blocked by natural barriers (e.g., lower than the abundance number consistent with above Shoshone Falls in Idaho and Kootenai Falls in a viable population.29 In these cases, the Task Force Montana). adopted the specific recovery plan abundance tar- Potential Harvest and Fisheries. Potential get for that population. For non-listed species, low- harvest and fishery levels are expressed in terms range goals were based on application of the same of numbers of fish harvested and harvest rates (the technical guidance used in ESA recovery plans to proportion of total adult salmon and steelhead that identify abundance levels consistent with a viable die as a result of fishing activity in a given year) by population. In some cases, non-listed populations species and run type. To identify these numbers, are already meeting these low-range goals, and in regional technical teams used the abundance-based these cases, the low-range goal serves as a refer- management plans that are currently in place under ence point rather than a management goal. existing harvest management processes to project High-range goals reflect “healthy and harvest- harvest levels and exploitation rates that would result able” levels that are consistent with the potential if natural production increased consistent with the (i.e., restored) capacity of habitat. They are typically Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural produc- about three times greater than low-range goals, but tion. The technical teams also identified aspirational generally are still 50 percent or less than historical harvest and fishery numbers and rates based on average abundance estimates. Mid-range goals harvest that would be sustainable by healthy salmon are approximately halfway between the low-range and steelhead stocks. Healthy stocks would likely goals and the high-range goals for listed stocks. support higher harvest rates than those currently For unlisted stocks, mid-range goals are generally in place to protect weak or listed stocks. As noted defined as the number of natural-origin spawners above, additional work to refine, integrate, and align that could effectively use available habitat and sus- the goals for hatchery production and for harvest and tain high levels of harvest. fisheries with the Provisional Quantitative Goals for For the Upper Columbia Basin, this report includes natural production will occur in the next phase of the Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production Task Force process. in historically accessible areas that are currently Anticipated Hatchery/Mitigation Production. blocked. For the Upper Snake Basin, Provisional Anticipated hatchery production is expressed as Quantitative Goals are not included at this time, as juvenile production levels and corresponding adult the Task Force did not reach agreement on numerical returns under existing conservation and mitigation goals. Those considerations will require continued programs throughout the Basin. Regional technical discussion by the Task Force during the next phase teams also identified anticipated additional hatch- of work as well as a broad regional discussion, ery production levels where they were defined in and development of plans, guiding principles, and existing processes and plans (e.g., the John Day

28 Natural-origin spawners are adult fish returning to spawn that were spawned and reared in the wild, regardless of parental origin (natural or hatchery). Goals are intended to be measured as 10-year geometric means. The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of n products. Geometric means are considered to be a better measure of central tendency for data such as fish abundance, which is typically highly skewed. The geometric mean smooths the contribution of periodic large run sizes which can inflate simple averages relative to typical population values. The 10-year period was selected because it represents an interval of sustained abundance across multiple generational cycle and is consistent with how NOAA Fisheries evaluates abundance. 29 To achieve ESA recovery, not all populations are required to achieve “viability.” Instead, a sufficient number of populations, identified based on spatial distribution, historical population size, historical productivity, diversity, and other factors must achieve viability, a few populations must achieve highly viable status, and others can be maintained at lower levels of viability.

50 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Mitigation Program) or where they were proposed include both biological criteria (for evaluating a spe- by Task Force members to address specific purpos- cies’ demographic risk status) and threats criteria es (e.g., currently blocked historical anadromous (for evaluating whether the threats to a species have production areas). As noted above, additional work been addressed). The biological criteria include to refine, integrate, and align the goals for hatchery criteria at the ESU/DPS, major population group,30 production and for harvest and fisheries with the and population levels. Population-level criteria Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural produc- include specific numerical goals for abundance, as tion will occur in the next phase of the Task Force well as goals for productivity, spatial structure, and process. diversity. Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural Run-Size Goals. Run-size goals are aggregate production are consistent with ESA delisting goals numbers of salmon and steelhead that would be (with a few noted exceptions). In some cases, ESA needed to meet the identified levels of natural pro- recovery plans also include “broad sense recov- duction, potential harvest, and anticipated hatchery ery goals.” These goals are generally defined by production. They are identified at basin, species, co-managers (state and tribal entities) or stakehold- and stock scales and used for evaluating status and ers and go beyond the requirements for ESA delis- goals at regional and local spatial scales relative to ting to achieve even lower extinction risk and/or to a variety of needs across the Basin. address, for example, other legislative mandates or social, economic, and ecological values.31 Approach Northwest Power and Conservation Council Fish and Wildlife Program. The Northwest Power The Provisional Quantitative Goals are intended and Conservation Council (Council) was established to complement goals identified by other entities pursuant to the Pacific Northwest Electric Power throughout the region. This section describes the Planning and Conservation Act of 1980. The Act approach used to develop these goals. authorizes the Council to serve as a comprehensive planning agency for energy, fish, and wildlife poli- Basis of Provisional Quantitative Goals: cy, and citizen involvement in the Columbia River Existing Plans Basin. Council members include the states of Idaho, The Provisional Quantitative Goals are based on the Montana, Oregon, and Washington. The Council’s various conservation, recovery, management, and Fish and Wildlife Program is intended to protect, mitigation plans developed throughout the region to mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife affected by address various purposes and programs. In some the development and operation of the hydroelectric cases, these plans contain different numerical goals dams in the Columbia River Basin. The majority identified by different entities for different purposes. of the program is funded by the Bonneville Power The Task Force considered these different goals Administration. and integrated or reconciled them based on input The program includes qualitative goal state- from its regional technical teams. There were also ments and quantitative objectives. The quantitative instances where quantitative goals had not yet been objectives include increasing total adult salmon identified for specific stocks or outcomes. In these and steelhead abundance to an average of 5 million cases, the Task Force identified appropriate values fish annually by 2025 in a manner that emphasiz- based on input from its regional technical teams. es the populations that originate above Bonneville Key sources of existing goals include: Dam. More-specific objectives are identified for ESA Recovery Plans. NOAA Fisheries has adopt- some populations in subbasin plans prepared by ed ESA recovery plans for all listed salmon and local groups for the Fish and Wildlife Program. steelhead in the Columbia River Basin (UCRSB The Council is currently considering adopting a 2007; NMFS 2013, 2015, 2017a, 2017b; ODFW comprehensive suite of quantitative objectives and NMFS 2011). These plans were developed with into the program. In support of this consideration, local partners. The plans include objective, measur- Council staff have compiled a comprehensive able criteria for delisting threatened or endangered inventory of existing abundance goals at the popu- salmon ESUs and steelhead DPSs. Delisting criteria lation and aggregate levels, which is available in a

30 Major population groups (MPG) are aggregates of independent populations within an ESU or DPS that share similar genetic and spatial characteristic and are important components of ESA delisting criteria and species status. 31 In ESA recovery plans, NOAA Fisheries has stated our support for these broad sense goals, and our commitment, upon delisting, to work with co-managers and local stakeholders, using our non-ESA authorities, to pursue broad sense recovery goals while continuing to maintain robust natural populations. In some situations, is also appropriate to consider broad sense goals in designing ESA recovery strategies and scenarios.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 51 web-accessible database https://www.nwcouncil. The Upper Snake River Tribes (USRT), comprised org/ext/maps/AFObjPrograms/. This database was of the Burns Paiute Tribe, Fort McDermitt Paiute a key reference for goals incorporated into the Task and Shoshone Tribe, Shoshone−Bannock Tribes of Force recommendations. the Fort Hall Reservation, and the Shoshone-Paiute Tribal Plans. Tribal plans include the Spirit of Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, developed the Salmon Plan (Wy-Kan-Ush-Mi Wa-Kish-Wit) as the Hells Canyon Complex Fisheries Resource well as local plans developed by individual tribes. Management Plan (USRT 2018).33 This plan seeks Wy-Kan-Ush-Mi Wa-Kish-Wit is a regional fish resto- to restore fishing opportunities through anadromous ration plan adopted in 1995 and updated in 2014 by and resident fish management programs conduct- the Nez Perce, Umatilla, Warm Springs, and Yakama ed in a phased approach in the Snake River and Tribes (CRITFC 2014). The plan includes sever- in significant tributaries (including the Bruneau/ al goals and objectives, including an objective to Jarbidge, Owyhee, Malheur, Boise, Payette, and increase the total adult salmon and steelhead returns Weiser Rivers). Restoration of these conservation above Bonneville Dam to four million annually (by and subsistence fisheries would be accomplished 2020), and in a manner that sustains natural produc- in a manner intended to complement the ongoing tion to support tribal commercial as well as ceremo- recovery efforts of anadromous and resident fish in nial and subsistence harvests. In addition, the plan the Upper Salmon River Basin. establishes a long-term objective to “restore anadro- The USRT Plan’s tribal goals for numbers of adult mous fish to historical abundance in perpetuity.” fish, including Snake River spring/summer Chinook A Nez Perce tribal fisheries managment plan salmon, steelhead, and, eventually, fall Chinook (NPT 2014)32 identifies specific abundance objec- salmon, anticipated in the watersheds above the tives and thresholds at the species and population Hells Canyon Complex (HCC), are long-term goals. In levels for salmon and steelhead within Nez Perce some instances, these tribal goals extend beyond the tribal usual and accustomed fishing areas of the planning timeline used by the Task Force to develop Snake River Basin, and corresponding hatchery the Provisional Quantitative Goals contained in this and harvest strategies. The plan identifies viable, report. Although other co-managers in the Upper sustainable, and ecological escapement objectives Snake River, including the states of Oregon and Idaho for salmon and steelhead populations in the Snake and the Nez Perce and Umatilla Tribes, are aware River Basin. The viable abundance objectives are of these USRT tribal goals, they have not formally considered the minimum size at which a population come to agreement on these goals at this time. USRT maintains essential genetic diversity. They generally anticipates further discussion about these goals in align with NOAA Fisheries’ minimum abundance the near future with the state and tribal co-managers thresholds (and with the Task Force low-range within Oregon and Idaho, as well as with the Task Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural produc- Force during the next phase of this effort. tion). Sustainable escapement objectives describe The Provisional Quantitative Goals for natu- the numbers of returning adults that would annually ral abundance also include goals for salmon and sustain spawning, as well as harvest for tribal and steelhead returning to the Columbia River upstream non-tribal fisheries. Sustainable objectives general- of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee Dams, which ly align with the Task Force high-range Provisional currently block access to portions of the historical Quantitative Goals for natural production. Ecological range of anadromous fish. The intent of these goals escapement objectives refer to the escapement lev- is to restore meaningful fishing opportunities in el at which sustainable spawning abundance for a areas of historical use by the Colville and Spokane population is maximized, the full utilization of avail- Tribes. The goals were developed by the Upper able spawning and rearing habitat is promoted, and Columbia regional technical team, including staff ecosystem-level processes (e.g., nutrient redistri- from the Colville and Spokane Tribes. The goals bution) for multiple species are fostered. Ecological were informed by estimates of numbers of fish escapement objectives describe a future desired historically available to tribal fisheries, including condition that extends beyond the planning time- fish originating in both U.S. and Canadian waters. line used by the Task Force to develop Provisional However, the goals do not apportion production Quantitative Goals. Ecological escapement objec- into specific populations or geographic areas, nor tives are referenced in this report for contextual do they make any assumptions, either explicit or purposes only. implicit, regarding any future salmon or steelhead 32 The NPT Tribal Fisheries Management Plan can be accessed at the following web location: http://www.nptfisheries.org/portals/0/images/dfrm/home/fisheries-management-plan-final-sm.pdf. 33 The USRT Plan can be accessed at the following web location: http://www.uppersnakerivertribes.org/frg-usrtsproposedfisheriesresourcemanagementprogram_april-2018-2-2/

52 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force production in the Canadian portion of the Columbia Idaho participated with NOAA Fisheries and River Basin. The goals represent only a fraction of other federal agencies; the states of Washington the estimated historical production, and additional and Oregon; the Nez Perce, Shoshone−Bannock, analysis would be needed to apportion production and Shoshone-Paiute Tribes; and other entities to to different populations or geographic areas. As develop ESA recovery plans for Snake River spring with all Quantitative Goals, these provisional num- Chinook salmon, fall Chinook salmon, and steel- bers will be further explored and evaluated in the head. Idaho and other partners also worked with next phase of this Task Force effort. NOAA Fisheries to develop the ESA recovery plan State Plans. The states of Washington, Oregon, for Snake River sockeye salmon. Policy and stra- and Idaho have identified salmon and steelhead tegic guidance regarding state management of fish goals and related policies in a variety of forums. and fisheries is provided in multi-year management Task Force goals were intended to be consistent plans prepared by the Idaho Department of Fish with related guidance in state plans and policies. and Game. In addition, the Idaho Legislature has Washington established a series of regional created an Office of Species Conservation within salmon recovery boards that worked as partners the Office of the Governor to provide coordination, to develop regional recovery plans in the Columbia cooperation, and consultation among the state and Basin in conjunction with the Northwest Power and federal agencies with ESA responsibilities in Idaho. Conservation Council’s subbasin planning process. Hatchery/Mitigation Plans and Policies. A These plans have been incorporated into NOAA variety of plans and policies define goals and Fisheries’ ESA recovery plans. Guidance is also govern operation of the more than 80 hatchery available in other state programs, plans, and pol- facilities operated by federal and state agencies, icies. For instance, statewide policies have been tribes, and private interests to produce salmon and developed by the Washington Department of Fish steelhead in the Columbia River Basin. While some and Wildlife for some species, such as steelhead, hatcheries are operated for conservation purposes, and for hatchery operations and fisheries. others are operated for fisheries enhancement and In Oregon, the Oregon Department of Fish and many have dual purposes. Most hatcheries in the Wildlife led development of an overarching statewide Columbia River Basin were initiated as mitigation to conservation strategy to provide priorities for fish offset natural production losses caused by human and wildlife. Oregon has also developed a number of development and activities. Major hatchery pro- conservation and recovery plans for specific regions. grams in the Columbia Basin have been developed All of these plans have been incorporated into NOAA under the Mitchell Act (1938); the Lower Snake Fisheries’ ESA recovery plans. Oregon’s efforts are River Compensation Plan (1976); the John Day guided by statewide policies that have been adopted Mitigation Program (1978); the Mid-Columbia Public into regulation (e.g., the Native Fish Conservation Utility Districts (PUD) Habitat Conservation Plans, Policy, OAR 635-007-0502, and the Fish Hatchery Settlement Agreements, and Biological Opinions; Management Policy, OAR 635-007-0542). Oregon is and the Northwest Power and Conservation Council supporting recovery with a variety of related activ- Fish and Wildlife Program. ities. The Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board Fishery Management Plans. Fisheries for is the state agency charged with directing funds for Columbia River salmon and steelhead are generally habitat activities supporting recovery. managed under four governmental/jurisdictional Although Oregon’s statewide goals and strate- authorities, each of which provides some policy and gies call for recovery across species ranges — and planning guidance related to fishery goal setting. NOAA Fisheries’ recovery plans for Snake River fall States and tribes are responsible for fishery man- Chinook, spring/summer Chinook, and steelhead agement in waters under their specific jurisdictions. recommend exploring the feasibility of reintroduction Columbia River mainstem fisheries are co-managed above blocked areas to minimize extinction risk and by the states, tribes, and the federal government, support broad sense recovery goals — a consensus according to a management plan developed under between co-managers in the Snake River on specific U.S. District Federal Court direction in the U.S. quantitative goals for basins and areas upstream of v. Oregon Court case. Fisheries in marine waters Hells Canyon has not yet been reached in this phase. under the jurisdiction of the United States (from 3 Oregon expects continued and robust discussions miles to 200 nautical miles offshore) are managed leading to the ultimate setting of these Quantitative under the Pacific Fisheries Management Council Goals in the next phase of this Task Force effort. (PFMC) process, according to authorities in the

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 53 Magnuson—Stevens Fisheries Conservation Figure 6. Areas addressed by regional technical teams. and Management Act. The Pacific Salmon Treaty governs harvest of salmon that swim across United States−Canada international borders.

Regional Technical Teams NOAA Fisheries convened regional technical teams for the Upper Columbia, Snake, Middle Columbia, Lower Columbia, and Willamette River Basins to assist the Task Force in developing Provisional Quantitative Goals and provide other technical input (Figure 6). Initially, the technical teams focused on one stock per region, which served as prototypes to test concepts and better The technical teams operated under the Guiding define information needs. The teams then expanded Principles set by the Task Force, including the their efforts to address all stocks occurring in each requirement to rely on best available science. region. The teams also considered consistency between NOAA Fisheries and the Task Force asked the Provisional Quantitative Goals and the Qualitative regional technical teams to: Goals identified by the Task Force. All technical 1. Review and refine stock definitions, including team products were developed for consideration by subject populations, hatchery production pro- the Task Force. grams, and fisheries. 2. Summarize reference information for each Scale of Goals: Defining Stocks stock, including current spawning escape- Provisional Quantitative Goals are identified for ments, historical production potential, num- stocks, which regional technical teams defined, for bers of hatchery fish produced, harvest rates, the purposes of the Task Force based on species and run-size estimates. (i.e., Chinook, coho, sockeye, and chum salmon, and 3. Review and summarize existing natural steelhead), region of origin (i.e., Lower Columbia, escapement goals, hatchery production levels, Middle Columbia, Upper Columbia, Snake, or harvest rates, and run sizes. Willamette), and run timing (i.e., spring, summer, fall, 4. Develop options for integrating differing goals or late-fall). Stocks include both listed and unlisted identified by various entities or for identifying salmon and steelhead. Twenty-four stocks including additional quantitative goals where they had 331 historical populations, some of which are extir- not been otherwise identified. pated, were identified (Table 5). 5. Provide technical documentation for the sourc- Stocks are generally the same as the ESUs or es of existing goals and the basis of any new DPSs that NOAA Fisheries defines for ESA list- goals identified. ing purposes.34 One exception is in cases where

34 The ESA allows listing decisions at the level of a species, subspecies, or distinct population segment. For salmon, NMFS applies its ESU policy and treats ESUs as distinct population segments. An ESU is a group of Pacific salmon that is (1) substantially reproductively isolated from other conspecific units and (2) represents an important component of the evolutionary legacy of the species. For steelhead, NMFS applies the DPS policy. A DPS is a population or group of populations that is discrete from and significant to the remainder of its species based on factors such as physical, behavioral, or genetic characteristics, because it occupies an unusual or unique ecological setting, or because its loss would represent a significant gap in the species’ range. A DPS is defined based on discreteness in behavioral, physiological, and morphological characteristics, whereas the definition of an ESU emphasizes genetic and reproductive isolation.

54 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Figure 7. Relationship of fishery management units to hierarchy of listing units, major population groups (MPG), and populations. A fishery management unit and an ESU/DPS can include one or more Columbia Basin Partnership stocks.

MPG 1

ESU MPG 2

MPG 1 Fishery ESU Stock MPG 2

ESU MPG 1

Major Population Listing Unit Group Population an ESU or DPS contained multiple run-timings. In species that spawns in a particular locality at a par- these cases, the ESUs were split by run type into ticular season and does not interbreed substantially separate stocks so that abundance numbers could with fish from any other group. Independent popula- be more easily aggregated by run type (i.e., by tions spawning naturally, and groups of such popu- stock) in a basinwide accounting and aligned more lations (major population groups), are the essential closely to fishery management units. For instance, building blocks of an ESU or DPS (Figure 7). For the lower Columbia River Chinook salmon ESU listed ESUs or DPSs, NOAA Fisheries’ technical was split into three stocks: Lower Columbia spring recovery teams (TRTs) — teams of scientists con- Chinook, Lower Columbia fall Chinook, and Lower vened to provide guidance for recovery planning — Columbia late-fall Chinook. Similar splits were used this concept to define independent populations made for the Lower Columbia River steelhead DPS and those definitions were incorporated into ESA (stocks separated into winter and summer runs) and recovery plans. For unlisted stocks, population delin- Upper Columbia River summer/fall Chinook ESU eations are sometimes less formal, particularly where (stocks separated into summer and fall runs). they have been extirpated (e.g., coho upstream from In addition, NOAA Fisheries has not identified Bonneville Dam). Where NOAA Fisheries had not ESUs or DPSs for some unlisted or extirpated identified populations, the regional technical teams stocks, including in blocked areas within the histor- identified provisional populations for each stock ical range where salmon and steelhead no longer based on the best available information. Populations have access. In these cases, the regional technical were identified for every stock regardless of whether teams identified stocks based on the available sci- they were listed, unlisted, extant, or extirpated. entific information. Fishery Management Units. Fishery Each stock (and each ESU or DPS) contains a Management Units (FMUs) are stocks or groups number of independent populations. An independent of stocks that are subject to similar management population is defined as a group of fish of the same strategies and objectives. FMUs are primarily

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 55 Table 5. Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks defined for Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force based on listing unit and run type.

Number of Populations

Major Evolutionarily Significant Unit or Pop Region Species Run type ESA CBP Stock Distinct Population Segment Fishery Management Unit Group Total Extant Extirpated Reintroduced Chinook Spring Yes* L Columbia R Spring Chinook L Columbia R Chinook Lower River Spring 2 9 9 - - Chinook Fall (tules) Yes* L Columbia R Fall (tule) Chinook L Columbia R Chinook Lower River Hatchery (LRH) 3 21 21 - - Chinook Fall (late brights) Yes* L Columbia R Late Fall (bright) Chinook L Columbia R Chinook Lower River Wild (LRW) 1 2 2 - - Chum Late Fall Yes* Columbia R Chum Columbia R Chum Columbia R Chum 4 18 17 1 - Lower Columbia Steelhead Winter No L Columbia R Winter Steelhead SW Washington Steelhead Winter run 1 7 7 0 - Steelhead Winter Yes* L Columbia R Winter Steelhead L Columbia R Steelhead Winter run 2 17 17 0 - Steelhead Summer Yes* L Columbia R Summer Steelhead L Columbia R Steelhead L Columbia R Summer 2 6 6 - - Coho Fall (early & late) Yes* L Columbia R Coho L Columbia R Coho Columbia R Coho 4 25 25 0 1

Upriver Coho Fall Extinct Upriver Coho - Columbia R Coho 3 15 0 15 7 Chinook Spring No M Columbia R Spring Chinook M Columbia R Spring Chinook Upriver Spring 4 14 7 7 7 Chinook Summer/Fall No M Columbia R Sum/Fall Chinook M Columbia R Sum/Fall Chinook Upriver Bright (URB) 1 1 1 0 - Middle Columbia Sockeye Summer Extinct M Columbia R Sockeye - - 1 1 0 1 1 Steelhead Summer Yes* Mid Columbia R Steelhead Mid Columbia R Steelhead Upriver Summer 4 20 17 3 2 Chinook Summer/Fall Yes* Snake R Spring/Sum Chinook Snake R Spring/Sum Chinook Upriver Spring 12 68 28 40 - Chinook Fall (brights) Yes* Snake R Fall Chinook Snake R Fall Chinook Upriver Bright / Snake R Bright 1 2 1 1 - Snake Sockeye Summer Yes* Snake R Sockeye Snake R Sockeye Snake R Sockeye 4 9 1 8 - Steelhead Summer Yes* Snake R Steelhead Snake R Steelhead Upriver Summer (A & B runs) 9 40 25 15 - Chinook Spring Yes* U Columbia R Spring Chinook U Columbia R Spring Chinook Upriver Spring 4 10 3 7 1 Chinook Summer No U Columbia R Sum/Fall Chinook U Columbia R Summer Chinook Upper Columbia Summer 3 13 6 7 2 Upper Columbia Chinook Fall No U Columbia R Sum/Fall Chinook - Upriver Bright Fall Chinook (URB) 1 5 4 1 - Sockeye Summer No U Columbia R Sockeye Wenatchee, Okanogan Sockeye U Columbia R Sockeye 4 6 2 4 1 Steelhead Summer Yes* U Columbia R Summer Steelhead U Columbia R Steelhead Upriver Summer 3 11 4 7 - Chinook Spring Yes* U Willamette R Spring Chinook U Willamette R Spring Chinook Willamette Spring 1 7 7 0 - Willamette Steelhead Winter Yes* U Willamette R Winter Steelhead U Willamette R Steelhead Winter run 1 4 4 0 - Total including extinct 24 - - - 75 331 214 117 22 All Listed - 16 - - - 37 241 186 - -

* shows it is ESA listed.

56 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Number of Populations

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 57 determined by run type and return timing in rela- Figure 8. Categories of goals addressed by the tion to Columbia River mainstem fisheries, which Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force. account for the largest share of salmon and steelhead harvest. One FMU may include several listing units of similar run type (Figure 7). For example, fishery managers identify an Upriver spring Chinook management unit, which includes all spring Chinook destined for areas upstream from Bonneville Dam (Mid-Columbia, Upper Columbia, and Snake ESUs). Listing units may sometimes be split among different fishery management units when the listing units Run Size include different run types.

Quantitative Goal Categories Harvest & The scope of the Task Force, as originally defined, Fisheries included both conservation (natural production) and harvest goals, so the Task Force products address both of those categories. Hatchery production is Natural Hatchery/ addressed because of the essential role of hatch- Production Mitigation eries in conservation, fisheries, and mitigation for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead. Natural production, harvest/fishery, and hatchery/mitigation goals are often defined at a population or stock scale. These numbers can also be aggregated into Hatchery/Mitigation. Current and anticipat- run-size estimates, which identify aggregate numbers ed hatchery production and mitigation levels of salmon and steelhead needed to meet natural are expressed in terms of numbers of juveniles production, fisheries, and hatchery production goals. released and the corresponding return of adult Run-size estimates are identified at basin, species, salmon and steelhead. Hatchery-origin salmon and and stock scales and used for evaluating status and steelhead play important roles in supporting har- goals relative to a variety of needs across the Basin. vest and fishery opportunities, and in contributing Figure 8 shows the categories and relationships to conservation of natural populations across the of Quantitative Goals identified by the Task Force. Basin. Large-scale hatchery programs are operat- Goals in these categories need to address specific ed throughout the Columbia River Basin to provide purposes and provide a comprehensive accounting fish as mitigation for historical losses of natural of how many salmon and steelhead are needed to production as a result of development and other meet goals in the Columbia Basin consistent with human activities. In some cases, these hatchery the Vision and Qualitative Goals identified by the programs are tied to specific mitigation programs Task Force. (e.g., the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan). Natural Production. Natural production goals In other cases, hatchery production is more loosely are defined in terms of abundance of natural-or- related to a general need to mitigate for produc- igin spawners for each salmon and steelhead tion lost as a result of human impacts. In addition population. Natural-origin fish are those that were to providing fish to enhance fisheries, hatchery spawned and reared in the wild, regardless of production also serves conservation purposes — parental origin (natural or hatchery). Abundance is for example, to supplement abundance of naturally one of the four parameters (along with productivity, spawning fish, reintroduce fish into areas where spatial structure, and diversity) commonly used to fish have been extirpated, avoid extinction (through evaluate the biological health of salmon and steel- measures such as captive broodstock programs), head, and upon which the long-term viability of and provide ecological benefits to wildlife including salmon and steelhead depends. Abundance goals Southern Resident killer whales. are intended to be evaluated based on 10-year geo- Harvest and Fishery Opportunity. Columbia metric means.35 River salmon and steelhead are harvested in tribal 35 The geometric mean is defined as the nth root of n products. Geometric means are considered to be a better measure of central tendency for data such as fish abundance which is typically highly skewed. The geometric mean smooths the contribution of periodic large run sizes which can inflate simple averages relative to typical population values. The 10-year period was selected to represent an interval of sustained abundance across multiple generational cycles.

58 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force and nontribal commercial, sport, subsistence, and without simultaneous increases in other parameters ceremonial fisheries in the ocean as far north as (although there are exceptions). Canada and Alaska, in the Columbia River main- Other metrics related to population life-cycle stem, and in some tributaries. These fisheries pro- dynamics are also considered in some contexts. vide important economic, social, and cultural val- For instance, smolt-to-adult survival rates (SAR) ues. Related metrics can include quantity (number describe a portion of the life cycle encompassing of fish harvested), quality or opportunity (e.g., fish- outmigration from natal streams to the point of ing effort, catch per effort, fish size and condition, freshwater return at adulthood. The Council includ- open seasons), or related economic values. In this ed SAR goals in its 2014 Fish and Wildlife Program. report, the Task Force has identified potential har- SARs are a measure of population productivity over vest and fishery opportunity under several scenarios a portion of the life cycle outside of the freshwater (described later in this chapter under Methods for spawning and rearing stages. They can be used to Developing Quantitative Goals) and in terms of both distinguish the influences of local freshwater hab- numbers of fish harvested and exploitation rates itat and environmental conditions in natal streams (which are defined as the percentage of total abun- from nonlocal influences in the migration corridor dance harvested in one or more fisheries). and ocean. However, SARs are also influenced by Run Size. Run-size goals are aggregations of survival in marine waters, which varies considerably area and species-specific goals at a local, regional, from year to year. or basinwide scale. They include numbers of hatchery- and natural-origin fish returning to basin streams Quantitative Goal Ranges and harvested in fisheries. Run sizes may be calcu- In each category, the Provisional Quantitative Goals lated for specific stocks, but also may be calculat- are identified as ranges rather than single-point esti- ed across wider regions and multiple species, for mates. Ranges reflect a continuum of aspiration for instance for the entire Columbia River return. Run- progressive improvements. Goal ranges also reflect size estimates are useful for evaluating status and the increasing benefits that more fish will provide, goals relative to a variety of regional needs. including higher viability of fish species, increased fishing opportunities, and enhanced social, cultural, Quantitative Goal Metrics economic, and ecological benefits. In many cases, The Provisional Quantitative Goals are defined in goal ranges incorporate values identified in other terms of abundance of adult salmon and steel- plans and processes to address a variety of purpos- head.36 Numbers of adult fish are an essential es. For instance, goals to meet ESA delisting require- measure of conservation status, fishery value, and ments are identified as increments to achieving mitigation. Abundance also provides an objective higher numbers that support higher viability, fishery measure applicable to each of the purposes identi- opportunity, and ecological benefits. fied in the Qualitative Goals. Abundance is not the sole measure of conserva- Quantitative Goal Templates tion status, but it is strongly associated with a vari- To facilitate review of existing information and ety of other metrics of interest. For instance, long- development of Quantitative Goals for each stock, term biological viability and long-term resilience of NOAA Fisheries developed a three-page template salmon and steelhead populations have been relat- for use by the work groups (see Appendix A). The ed to abundance, productivity, spatial structure, and template includes bulleted text describing key diversity (McElhany et al. 2000). Population-level information about the stock; a map showing the biological viability criteria identified in ESA recovery geographic distribution of the stock; graphs sum- plans are typically based on a combination of these marizing current trends in abundance; pie charts parameters. Therefore, the Task Force abundance showing the distribution of harvest among various goals should be considered in the context of the fisheries and the distribution of hatchery releases other parameters related to long-term viability. In among various programs; and a table summarizing practice, abundance is positively correlated with aggregate run sizes at the mouth of the Columbia and strongly influenced by productivity, spatial River, Bonneville Dam, and point of tributary entry, structure, and diversity. Because of this relationship, and the numbers of fish harvested in the Columbia it is difficult to achieve high levels of abundance River mainstem. The template also includes tables 36 For consistency with NOAA Fisheries’ technical recovery team guidance and fishery stock assessment convention, abundance goals do not include jacks. Jacks are generally males returning to freshwater one year earlier than most mature fish of a particular species. They typically comprise a small proportion (<10%) of the total return of natural-origin fish (although hatchery programs may produce higher percentages).

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 59 Figure 9. Concepts for defining natural production goals.

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000 OAL R AN G E G OAL HI G H FISH ABUNDANCE (avg.) FISH ABUNDANCE 1,000 MEDIUM LOW 0 CURRENT PRISTINE

INCREASING VIABLITY, ECOLOGICAL, AND SOCIETAL BENEFITS

showing existing natural-origin production, hatchery extinction risk and increased ecological and socie- production, fishery exploitation and harvest, and tal benefits. run sizes. For each stock, a notes page summarizes Table 6 summarizes how the regional technical the basis for specific numbers. Additional details teams identified the low-, medium-, and high-range and documentation on numbers are also available Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production. on MS Excel worksheets for each stock. To place the goals into context, estimates of current and historical abundance were also developed. Methods for Developing Estimates of the current abundance of natural- Quantitative Goals origin spawners for each extant salmon and steelhead population provided a point of reference for This section describes the methods used by the identifying natural production goals. For consistency Task Force to develop Quantitative Goals for natu- with metrics that NOAA Fisheries uses in ESA status ral production, potential harvest and fishery assessments and delisting goals, abundance of opportunity, and anticipated hatchery production. natural-origin adults in each population is expressed using a 10-year geometric mean. The geometric Quantitative Goals for Natural Production mean values are based on the most recent 10 years Provisional Qualitative Goal 1 calls for resto- of data available. Because of a one- to two-year lag ration of Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead to time in derivation and reporting of abundance num- healthy and harvestable/fishable levels. Achieving bers for some populations, year ranges vary slightly this goal will require substantial improvements among populations. in natural production of these species. Natural Historical abundance estimates for salmon and production goals are expressed in terms of natu- steelhead were also compiled wherever possible ral-origin adults spawning naturally are identified in to place goals in the context of the production that three ranges — low, medium, and high (Figure 9). could be realized under historical, or pristine, con- These ranges represent a continuum of decreased ditions. Historical is defined as pre-development,

60 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 6. Rule set for quantifying low-, medium-, and high-range goals for natural production. Rules are numbered in priority of application.

Rule set for quantifying range of goals for natural production Low 1. Delisting abundance goal consistent with recovery scenario as specified in ESA recovery plan. (Not every population required to achieve high level of viability.) 2. Minimum abundance threshold (equivalent to a viable population with ≤5% risk of extinction in 100 years) inferred from rule set developed and applied by the Technical Recovery Teams to similar populations by species. (Applicable where population-specific viability goals were not otherwise identified.) Medium 1. From existing plans, where identified. 2. Mid-way between low- and high-range goals for listed populations where not otherwise identified in existing plans. 3. Yield-based escapement goals where defined for unlisted populations based on stock-recruitment analyses. 4. Based on current abundance where yield-based goals have not been identified for unlisted populations. High 1. Based on broad sense goals identified in existing plans where consistent with qualitative goals identified by the Columbia Basin Partnership. 2. Equivalent to empirical estimates of abundance under conditions when populations were previously considered to be reasonably healthy. 3. Based on habitat-model inferences of abundance that would result from reasonably feasible habitat restoration actions and/or favorable habitat conditions. 4. Default values (generally three times the low-range value) where historical or model-derived values were not available (not to exceed the estimated pre-development habitat potential). and corresponding numbers were estimated by be reasonably feasible. Others were based on more various means. Many of these estimates were general assumptions regarding restoration of habi- based on Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment tat conditions favorable for salmonids (e.g., Properly (EDT) modelling. EDT modeling can be used to Functioning Conditions: NMFS 1996). evaluate and compare salmon and steelhead pro- Low-range goals for natural production for listed duction under current conditions, historical/pristine populations are defined as the natural-origin adult conditions, and various habitat restoration sce- spawner abundance consistent with ESA delisting narios. Most of the EDT results used by the Task goals in NOAA Fisheries’ recovery plans. These goals Force were developed during the 2005 subbasin are based on recommendations developed by the planning process overseen by the Council. The TRTs to provide guidance for recovery planning. The regional technical teams reviewed these results, goals generally represent a viable population, which and the NOAA Fisheries project team compared is considered a population not threatened with a risk the EDT-based historical estimates to pre-devel- of extinction (i.e., a population with a 5 percent risk opment run sizes identified by the Council (1986) of extinction over a 100-year timeframe). and recently reviewed by the Independent Scientific The TRTs generally derived these abundance Advisory Board (ISAB) (2015). Regional technical goals from population viability analyses using sto- teams sometimes also considered other habitat chastic life-cycle models. These models project the models. Habitat restoration assumptions embed- probability of abundance falling to critically low levels ded in these models took a variety of forms. Some (i.e., a quasi-extinction threshold) based on popula- were based on a specific suite of improvements tion productivity and normal variation in abundance determined by recovery and subbasin planners to due to environmental factors. Viability curves used

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 61 by TRTs to identify abundance goals for delisting For some stocks, ESA recovery, subbasin, or oth- also sometimes incorporated minimum abundance er management plans have previously identified thresholds (MATs) to address genetic and spatial a range of goals including values intermediate structure components in general abundance and between delisting and higher, longer-term values. productivity objectives.37 In cases where recovery Medium-range goals identified in other plans were plans targeted populations for high levels of viability, used where consistent with other low- and high- delisting goals are often equivalent to the MAT. range goals developed by the Task Force. In addition, for ESA delisting, not every pop- For populations in listed ESUs or DPSs where ulation is required to achieve viable status. The medium-range goals were not identified in other TRTs noted that as long as a sufficient number of plans, the regional technical teams simply derived populations representing the historical productivity, medium-range goals as the midpoint between low- diversity, and spatial distributions of the species range and high-range goal values. are restored to viable levels, other populations For unlisted populations, where current abun- could be maintained at lower levels of viability. In dance is substantially greater than the low-range some recovery plans, abundance goals consistent goal, the regional technical teams applied one of with these lower levels of viability are identified, two goals: (1) medium-range goals are equal to consistent with TRT guidance on how many and yield-based goals where identified from stock-re- which populations need to be at various levels of cruit analyses for relatively healthy populations viability of an ESU or DPS to be considered viable. (e.g., Hanford bright fall Chinook, Lewis River wild In these cases, the Task Force recommendations fall Chinook); or (2) where yield-based goals have for low-range Provisional Quantitative Goals for not been derived for relatively healthy populations, natural production are generally consistent with medium-range goals are simply defined as equiva- those lower numbers.38 Similarly, recovery plans lent to current abundance. sometimes identify quantitative goals for some High-range goals are intended to represent populations to be restored to levels of very high “healthy and harvestable” abundance levels that viability. In these cases, the Task Force gener- would sustain very high levels of species viability, ally incorporated these goals as the low-range significant fishery opportunities and harvest, and a Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural pro- fuller range of ecological values. These goals reflect duction. Exceptions are noted in specific stock potential future habitat conditions (i.e., restored summaries. habitats) but are still typically just a fraction of his- For unlisted stocks, there are no ESA recov- torical numbers before development. ery plans or delisting goals. For these stocks, Regional technical teams identified high-range the regional technical teams used MATs as the goals based on the information available for each low-range natural production abundance goals. stock. In some cases, existing plans identified Both the Interior Columbia and Willamette/Lower goals or reference values consistent with the Columbia TRTs identified species-specific MATs high-range definition. In these cases, the existing based on the size and spatial complexity of the goals are incorporated into the Task Force goals. historical population distribution (ICTRT 2007; For instance, ESA recovery plans (and the locally McElhany et al. 2007; LCFRB 2010). Current abun- developed plans they were based on) sometimes dance in unlisted populations typically far exceeds quantified “broad sense” goals in addition to delis- these minimum abundance thresholds. Since the ting goals.39 In other cases, these plans identified low-range goals have been achieved in these qualitative broad sense goals and reported model- cases, management efforts will now focus on the ing results consistent with those goals, but did not medium-range and high-range goals, and the low- adopt actual quantitative broad sense goals. Other range goals represent a biological reference point management plans also occasionally identified rather than a future goal. goals with broad sense purposes. For most stocks, Medium-range goals define an intermediate step however, numbers consistent with the high-range between low-range goals and high-range goals. category were not available. Thus, most high-range

37 For more information on ESA delisting goals and their derivation, see ICTRT 2007; UCRSB 2007; NMFS 2013, 2015, 2017a, 2017b; ODFW and NMFS 2011; WLCTRT and ODFW 2006. 38 One exception is in the ESA recovery plan for Lower Columbia River salmon and steelhead. In that plan, the recovery scenario did not identify abundance goals for all populations designated as “stabilizing.” The stabilizing designation signifies that under the recovery scenario, the goal is to maintain these populations at their current risk status and not to improve their status. Where more recent monitoring information is available regarding current abundance of such populations than was available during recovery plan development, the current abundance estimates are incorporated into the CBP Task Force recommendations as the low-range natural production abundance goal. Those targets are not included in the ESA recovery plan, and do not represent delisting abundance targets. We have noted this and other specific instances where the low-range goals differ from this general rule in the methodology summaries that accompany the stock summaries included in Appendix A of this report.

62 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Provisional Quantitative Goals were derived by the were also present. Spawning escapements were also regional technical teams. estimated independent of any harvest that might Where possible, high-range goals reflect empir- occur locally or downstream. Thus, total production ical estimates of historical salmon or steelhead of natural-origin fish would include both spawning abundance. These historical empirical estimates escapement and downstream harvest. provide a sound measure of what might mean- Natural production goals take into account ingfully be expected with reduced constraints. density dependence and carrying capacity of the For instance, the state of Idaho surveyed spring existing spawning and rearing habitats for salmon Chinook salmon in many natural production areas and steelhead. The ISAB (2015) reviewed the sta- during the 1950s and 1960s, when fish numbers tus of Columbia River salmonid populations in the were substantially higher. In other cases, historical context of density dependence, which they defined dam counts provide solid reference points upon as changes in one or more vital rates (birth, death, which to base high-range goals. immigration, or emigration) in response to changing Where such empirical data were lacking, high- population density. Most common is compensatory range goals were generally based on inferences density dependence (also termed compensation) from modeling of habitat productive potential. A in which a population’s growth rate is highest at variety of models relate fish abundance and oth- low density and decreases as density increases. er population parameters to habitat conditions Compensation is typically caused by competition (i.e., stream size, gradient, morphology, substrate, for limited resources, such as food or habitat. The riparian conditions). These models can be used to ISAB found that understanding density dependence project changes in abundance based on improve- in salmon and steelhead populations is important ment in habitat conditions and other life-cycle lim- in evaluating responses to recovery actions and itations. Estimates based on these habitat models for setting spawning escapement goals that will be of fish abundance under scenarios with significant sustainable. habitat restoration were documented in many subbasin plans or ESA recovery plans. For instance, Potential Harvest and Fishery Opportunity many subbasin plans incorporated EDT-based The Qualitative Goals call for providing “diverse, pro- estimates of fish numbers that might be expected ductive, and dependable tribal and non-tribal harvest with habitat improvements that subbasin planners and fishing opportunities for Columbia Basin salmon deemed to be realistically feasible or otherwise and steelhead.” Achieving this goal would reflect a desirable.40 These were the source of many of the substantial improvement from the current state of high-range goals identified by the Task Force for these fisheries. populations where empirical historical estimates To provide baseline information, the NOAA were not available. Fisheries project team documented current harvest In some cases, neither empirical nor model- rates for all Columbia Basin salmon and steel- based numbers were available for use in deriving head. Current fisheries are generally managed high-range goals. In this event, regional technical under harvest rate limits prescribed through a teams identified high-range goals that were three complex of management plans, agreements, and times the abundance identified in the low-range processes (e.g., U.S. v. Oregon, the Pacific Fishery goal for the population. The threefold difference was Management Council process, and the Pacific generally similar to the interval observed for popu- Salmon Treaty), and include a combination of abun- lations where both low- and high-range goals were dance-based, escapement-based, and harvest- otherwise documented. High-range values were rate-based goals for specific stocks. These current limited to estimated levels of pre-development hab- harvest rates do not represent fishery goals, per itat potential when three times the low-range value se, but rather allowable harvest under frameworks exceeded that value. designed to protect weak and listed stocks. The Natural-origin spawning escapement was esti- weak stock constraints in these existing frameworks mated independent of numbers of hatchery-origin also limit access to harvestable surpluses of strong fish returning to natural spawning areas. Thus, total natural and hatchery stocks in many fisheries. spawning escapement was greater than natural- Many stocks are currently managed under abun- origin spawning escapement when hatchery fish dance-based management frameworks. These 39 Broad sense recovery is defined outside of the ESA recovery planning process, generally by fisheries managers (state and tribal entities) or stakeholders, and goes beyond the requirements for ESA delisting to achieve even lower extinction risk and/or to address, for example, other legislative mandates or social, economic, and ecological values. 40 For additional discussion of EDT modeling, see above. Examples of goals based on restoration scenarios may be found in YBFWRB (2009), ODFW (2010), and ODFW and NMFS (2011).

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 63 frameworks were developed to guide fisheries in Potential harvest rate estimates do not attempt to response to annual variability in run size. They allow allocate fishery opportunities among specific fish- higher harvest rates in years of greater abundance eries. It is assumed that opportunities for additional and reduce harvest rates to protect escapements harvest will be distributed among fisheries through in years of lower abundance. One practical effect existing management authorities and processes, is that, for recovering stocks whose average abun- and that harvest managers will continue to con- dance improves over time, harvest rates in general strain harvest (or set harvest rates) consistent with are also higher on average. This means that, as achieving escapement goals for naturally produced an outcome of the existing fishery management fish. Mid- to high-range fishing levels are assumed structure, benefits of higher abundance are shared to occur at the same time that mid- to high-range between increased numbers of natural-origin natural production goals for spawning escapement spawners and increased harvest. For reference are achieved, although the Task Force may want to purposes, the regional technical teams estimated explore tradeoffs among various goal scenarios in approximate increases in harvest rates that would the next phase of the process. occur under existing management frameworks if abundance increased consistent with the Task Current and Anticipated Hatchery Production Force natural production goals. The Qualitative Goals call for producing hatchery Healthy stocks can typically support substan- salmon and steelhead to support conservation, tially higher harvest rates than are currently iden- mitigate for lost natural production, and support tified in existing management frameworks, which fisheries. are designed to protect weak and listed stocks. Existing hatchery production levels are defined in Therefore, the Task Force also identifies potential different ways for programs throughout the Basin. harvest rates and numbers that would be sus- Some programs define production levels in terms tainable by abundant and productive salmon and of adult returns, but many programs focus solely on steelhead stocks. These potential harvest rates and juvenile production. For Task Force purposes region- numbers are identified in conjunction with the low-, al technical teams documented current hatchery medium-, and high-range natural production goals. production levels (i.e., juvenile production) for each As described in Table 7, the low-range potential stock by hatchery program, and estimated corre- harvest is based on the assumption that existing sponding numbers of adults by stock. Adult return management frameworks (designed to protect expectations were identified where available. Table 8 weak stocks) will still be in place; therefore, there is shows the rule set for quantifying current and antici- no change from the estimated harvest rates under pated hatchery production. existing frameworks for low-range natural produc- Anticipated future hatchery production is identified tion goals. The high-range potential harvest rates based on available information. In most cases, future are based on existing management frameworks for production is anticipated to be similar to current currently healthy stocks (i.e., Upper Columbia River production (status quo). In some cases, planned (UCR) spring Chinook, UCR fall Chinook, Deschutes changes or additions are identified. For instance, fall Chinook, and Lower Columbia River (LCR) existing programs may be undergoing modifications bright fall Chinook). For currently weak or depleted based on new information or direction (e.g., Mitchell stocks, the high-range potential rates were identi- Act program revisions). Several new hatchery pro- fied by the NOAA Fisheries project team, in consul- grams are also currently under development are tation with regional technical team members, and likely to be implemented (e.g., John Day Mitigation, based on their professional judgement and knowl- Yakama Coho Hatchery, Walla Walla Spring Chinook edge of harvest rates typically sustained by healthy Hatchery). Mid-Columbia PUD hatchery mitigation stocks, depending on life-history type (i.e., spring, production requirements change with periodic sur- fall, or late-fall) and species. The high-range poten- vival studies, and are recalculated every 10 years to tial harvest rates were also calibrated down slightly adjust for changes in fish abundance and survival. It for stocks that would be harvested in mixed-stock should not be expected that future recalculated num- fisheries, due to the need to protect weaker stocks bers for PUD programs will be the same as current in such fisheries. These potential harvest levels are mitigation numbers; however, because it is not clear generally conservative relative to historical harvest what the future numbers will be, current numbers are rates and those sustained by salmon and steelhead used as interim estimates. Finally, some Task Force stocks in more pristine areas of the North Pacific. members highlighted a desire for additional new

64 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 7. Approach to identifying potential harvest and fishery opportunity consistent with Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production identified by the Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force.

Approach used to identify harvest and fishing opportunities

Harvest under 1. Harvests by stock are projected with increased natural-origin abundance and incremental increases Existing according to existing abundance-based harvest management frameworks. Management 2. If there is currently no abundance-based management framework, current harvest rate limits were Plans used for all natural production goal ranges.

Low-range 1. For weak stocks, assume that existing management frameworks remain in place. potential 2. For currently healthy stocks (i.e., UCR spring Chinook, UCR fall Chinook, Deschutes fall Chinook, and harvest LCR bright fall Chinook), based on existing management frameworks. 3. Ranges reflect annual variation in harvest rates based on abundance in order to meet natural-origin spawning escapement goals and access higher numbers during large run years.

Mid-range 1. Based on existing management frameworks for currently healthy stocks (i.e., UCR spring Chinook, potential UCR fall Chinook, Deschutes fall Chinook, and LCR bright fall Chinook). harvest 2. Intermediate between low- and high-range goals for currently weak or depleted stocks.

High-range 1. Based on existing management frameworks for currently healthy stocks (i.e., UCR spring Chinook, potential UCR fall Chinook, Deschutes fall Chinook, and LCR bright fall Chinook). harvest 2. For currently weak or depleted stocks, based on reasonably realistic harvest rates expected to be sustainable by healthy natural-origin stocks. 3. Prescribed rates were also consistent with needs to provide significant access to wild and hatchery fish in mixed-stock fisheries across the range of harvest including ocean, Columbia River mainstem, and tributary fisheries.

programs to support other needs, for example to Columbia River Run Sizes reintroduce salmon and steelhead into blocked areas The regional technical teams also developed aggre- within their historical range, and to increase Chinook gate abundance numbers for natural production, salmon prey for Southern Resident killer whales. fisheries, and hatchery production at Basin and Specific hatchery programs are inevitably subject species scales. These total run-size goals represent to continuing refinements under the authority and total numbers of salmon and steelhead that would auspices of oversight, funding, and implementing be needed to meet natural production, fisheries, entities. Anticipated future hatchery production and anticipated hatchery production levels. They identified by the Task Force is intended to describe are identified at Basin, species, and stock scales expectations based on current information. They are and used for evaluating status and goals relative to not intended to supersede or undermine specific a variety of needs across the Basin. Numbers are management authorities governing implementation of reported for total adult returns at the mouth of the any particular program, or to preclude future changes Columbia River, and for numbers of fish returning to based on new information, conditions, or require- different regions of the Basin. These numbers are ments. For example, hatchery mitigation production useful references for comparison with various goals requirements for the Mid-Columbia PUDs will change that have been established across the Basin, and following scheduled project survival-verification are also the basis for many fishery or mitigation-re- studies, and every 10 years with scheduled recalculated goals. lations as described above, and these changes will Spawning escapement is less than the total num- be developed and approved by hatchery oversight ber of fish returning to the Columbia River mouth committees authorized and required as part of each because fish are lost to harvest, other causes of PUD’s federal operating license issued by the Federal mortality (e.g., dam passage mortality, high tem- Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). perature effects, marine mammal predation), and

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 65 Table 8. Rule set for quantifying current and anticipated hatchery production.

Rule set for quantifying hatchery production 1. Juvenile production levels of existing programs. (Juveniles provide a common currency for all programs including those where adult return goals are not specifically identified.) Current 2. Adult returns from current programs to the Columbia River and regional production areas (Lower Columbia, Willamette, Middle Columbia, Upper Columbia, and Snake) are identified by stock based on recent average numbers. 1. Juvenile production continues at current levels (barring refinements of programs based on Status quo performance or new information). 2. Corresponding adult returns as defined or inferred from current program return rates.

3. Identify additional juvenile production in development where defined in existing processes Planned and plans (e.g., John Day Mitigation). adjustments 4. Corresponding adult returns as defined or inferred from current program return rates.

5. Identify any additional or reduced juvenile production needs to address specific purposes Future production Additional identified by Columbia Basin Partnership (e.g., reintroduction of extirpated populations or needs production for currently blocked historical anadromous production areas). 6. Corresponding to adult returns as defined or inferred from current program return rates. straying between the river mouth and the spawning Current mean numbers for most stocks fall below grounds. Therefore, spawning escapement and river target goal ranges (Figure 10). This is particularly mouth return numbers are related but not directly true for depleted and listed stocks whose numbers comparable. are typically much less than low range goals consistent with minimum viability levels or ESA recovery Quantitative Goal Summaries goals. For healthy stocks, current mean numbers generally fall within the target goal range but are This section summarizes the Provisional less than the high goal range which is indicative of Quantitative Goals identified by the Task Force. additional scope for improvement. Current mean Detailed goals by stock and population are provid- numbers are sometimes greater than the target goal ed in Appendix A. range – that is the case for Upper Columbia fall Chinook where recent returns have benefited from a Provisional Quantitative Goals for period of favorable marine environmental conditions Natural Production which are not likely to be representative of a long- The Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural term average future condition. production identify natural-origin escapements High goals are typically less than estimated under low, medium, and high goal ranges. Figure historical abundance before development (Table 9). 10 shows low- and high-goal ranges in aggre- These cases would be consistent with an implicit gate by stock in relation to current abundance. assumption that it would be difficult to approach Corresponding numbers are identified in Table 9. historical abundance without restoration of pris- Values are normalized so that ranges for more or tine conditions. In some cases, goals are a small less abundant stocks can be illustrated on the same fraction of the historical number. For instance, the graph. The gap between current abundance (val- aggregate high range goal for chum salmon is just ue of 1) and the low end of the goal range shows four percent of the historical abundance. This low the proportional increase in abundance needed to percentage reflects the severely depleted status of reach the minimum goal. Current values overlap the chum salmon and the ambitious nature of the Task goal range for stocks that are relatively healthy in Force goals which will require successful reintro- terms of abundance. duction into numerous areas where current habitat

66 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Figure 10. Aggregate abundance values for natural-origin spawning escapements under current, historical (pre-development), and low, medium and high escapement goal ranges. The reference line for current mean number depicts the stock-specific reference value in relation to the goal range. Relative goal ranges are calculated by dividing the goal by the current abundance.

Current Spr Chinook L Col Spr Chinook Willamette Spr Chinook Mid Col Spr Chinook U Col Spr Chinook Snake Summer Chinook U Col Fall Chinook U Col Fall Chinook Deschutes Fall Chinook Snake Fall (tule) Chinook L Col Fall (brite) Chinook L Col Chum L Col Coho L Col Coho abv Bonn Dam Sockeye Deschutes Sockeye U Col Sockeye Snake Sumr Steelhead L Col Sumr Steelhead Mid Col Sumr Steelhead U Col Sumr Steelhead Snake Win Steelhead SW WA Win Steelhead L Col Win Steelhead U Willamette 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Goal Range relative to Current Abundance

conditions do not support significant natural abundance-based framework. For stocks currently production of this species. In the case of sockeye managed under a fixed harvest rate, it is assumed salmon, the high range goal is actually 112 per- for the purposes of this exercise that future harvest cent of the estimated historical abundance. This rates would be the same as current (although har- high value reflects goals identified for the Upper vest numbers would be expected to increase due to Columbia where impoundment creates more a higher abundance of fish available to the fishery). current sockeye rearing habitat in reservoirs than These projections make no assumptions at this point historically existed. regarding the ability to access allowable rates due to other stock limits in mixed-stock fisheries. Figure Potential Harvest and Fishery Opportunity 12 shows abundance-based harvest/impact rates Incremental increases in average harvest rates likely that reflect aspirational fishery objectives beyond to occur with increasing natural production in rela- incremental increases projected under existing man- tion to current management frameworks are shown agement frameworks consistent with increases in in Figure 11. Corresponding numbers are identi- fish abundance identified in Provisional Quantitative fied in Table 10. Increases occur only for stocks Goals for natural production. where the harvest is regulated according to an

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 67 Developing basin-wide goals for salmon and steelhead at sustainable populations is daunting at best. We did it! We did it because of the depth of science we had, solid, expert facilitation and deadlines, but mostly because of the diverse people who sat together, listened, learned, and for me, came to care about each other as well as the fish.— Deb Marriott, Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership

Current and Anticipated Hatchery Production Columbia River Run Sizes Current hatchery production by stock is shown Total Columbia River salmon and steelhead run size in Figure 13. Table 11 summarizes releases and averaged 2.3 million for 2008−2017 (Figures 14 and corresponding adult returns. Adult returns are rough 15). Annual numbers have varied between 1.2 million approximations at this time. and 3.6 million over the same time period. Chinook salmon (spring, summer, and fall) typically comprise about half of the total return with the rest about

Figure 11. Current average fishery harvest/impact rates of natural-origin fish and range of increases consistent with Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production under current management frameworks in combined marine and freshwater fisheries for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks.

Spr Chinook L Col Spr Chinook Willamette Spr Chinook Mid Col Spr Chinook U Col Spr Chinook Snake Summer Chinook U Col Fall Chinook U Col Fall Chinook Deschutes Fall Chinook Snake Fall (tule) Chinook L Col Fall (brite) Chinook L Col Chum L Col Coho L Col Coho abv Bonn Dam Sockeye Deschutes Sockeye U Col Sockeye Snake Sumr Steelhead L Col Sumr Steelhead Mid Col Sumr Steelhead U Col Sumr Steelhead Snake Win Steelhead SW WA Win Steelhead L Col Win Steelhead U Willamette 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Harvest Rate

Current ‘@ low goal ‘@ medium goal ‘@ high goal

68 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Table 9. Aggregate abundance values for natural-origin escapements under current, historical, and low, medium, and high escapement goal ranges. Numbers reflect current progress by work groups and may be revised based on new information.

Evolutionarily Significant High as Unit or Distinct Population Low % of Segment Run type ESA Current Historical goal Med goal High goal historical Chinook L Columbia Spring X 2,200 101,700 9,800 21,550 33,300 33% Chinook U Willamette Spring X 4,300 312,200 28,900 47,800 66,800 21% Chinook M Columbia Spr Spring 9,600 103,700 15,800 26,900 38,000 37% Chinook U Columbia Spr Spring X 1,200 259,000 11,500 19,800 30,100 12% Spring/ Chinook Snake Spr/Sum X 7,000 671,000 31,800 79,400 127,000 19% Summer U Columbia Chinook Summer 16,900 694,000 9,000 78,400 131,300 19% Sum/Fall U Columbia Chinook Fall 92,400 680,000 9,200 62,200 87,800 13% Sum/Fall Deschutes Summer/ Chinook 11,500 17,000 4,000 13,000 16,000 94% Sum/Fall Fall Fall Chinook Snake Fall X 8,360 500,000 4,200 9,300 14,360 3% (brights) Chinook L Columbia Fall (tules) X 12,300 169,700 28,000 54,100 82,000 48% Fall (late Chinook L Columbia X 10,800 33,000 11,100 16,700 22,200 67% brights) Chum Columbia Late Fall X 11,800 461,300 16,500 33,000 49,500 11% Fall (early Coho L Columbia X 31,500 301,900 67,900 129,500 191,400 63% & late) (Columbia Coho Fall 10,000 320,000 24,000 57,800 96,900 30% upriver) Sockeye (Mid Columbia) Summer 30 30,000 2,500 5,000 7,500 25% Sockeye (U Columbia) Summer 80,800 2,000,000 49,000 620,000 2,235,000 112% Sockeye Snake Summer X 100 84,000 2,500 5,800 9,000 11% Steelhead L Columbia Summer X 3,300 19,100 4,600 5,850 6,950 36% Steelhead Mid Columbia Summer X 18,200 132,800 21,200 43,400 69,200 52% Steelhead U Columbia Summer X 1,500 1,121,400 7,500 31,000 47,000 4% Steelhead Snake Summer X 28,000 600,000 21,000 63,000 105,000 18% Steelhead SW Washington Winter 6,000 41,900 19,000 27,900 36,400 87% Steelhead L Columbia Winter X 10,600 61,200 21,100 29,800 38,100 62% Steelhead U Willamette Winter X 2,800 220,000 16,300 27,800 39,300 18% Totals 381,190 8,934,900 436,400 1,509,000 3,580,110 40%

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 69 Table 10. Current fishery harvest/impact rates, range of increases under current management frameworks, and low, medium, and high goals for natural-origin fish in combined marine and freshwater fisheries for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks.

Current Exploitation Rates (wild/natural) Current Management Framework Rates under existing plans Potential rates with production improvements

Fresh Total @ low @ med @ high @ low natl @ low natl @ med natl @ med natl @ high natl @ high natl Stock Ocean Water (avg) Range Related guidance Guidance includes natl natl natl Avg. Range Avg. Range Avg Range Spr Chinook L Col 9% 8% 17% 10-40% – – 17% 17% 17% 17% 10-40% 28% 15-45% 40% 20-60% Spr Chinook Willamette 9% 4% 13% 8-25% <15%/<12%* Fresh/Ocean 13% 21% 24% 13% 8-25% 26% 15-45% 40% 20-60% Spr Chinook Mid Col – 14.5% 14.5% 5.5-17% 5.5-17%* Freshwater 15% 16% 17% 15% 5.5-17% 27% 20-35% 40% 20-60% Spr Chinook U Col – 14.8% 14.8% 7.5-23% 7.5-23%* Freshwater 15% 19% 20% 15% 7.5-23% 28% 20-40% 40% 20-60% Spr Chinook Snake – 14.4% 14.4% 7.5-23% 7.5-23%* Freshwater 15% 19% 20% 15% 7.5-23% 28% 20-40% 40% 20-60% Summer Chinook U Col 36% 25% 61% 40-80% 5.2-50%* Freshwater 61% 61% 61% 61% 40-80% 61% 40-80% 61% 40-80% Fall Chinook U Col 36% 26% 61% 40-80% 21.5-45%* Freshwater 65% 65% 65% 65% 40-80% 65% 40-80% 65% 40-80% Fall Chinook Deschutes 36% 19% 55% 30-70% 21.5-45%* Freshwater 57% 57% 57% 57% 30-70% 61% 30-70% 65% 30-80% Fall Chinook Snake 20% 27% 46% 30-70% 21.5-45%* Freshwater 46% 48% 50% 46% 30-70% 51% 30-75% 55% 30-80% Fall (tule) Chinook L Col 21% 12% 33% 30-41% 30-41%* All 41% 41% 41% 41% 30-41% 53% 30-55% 65% 30-80% Fall (brite) Chinook L Col 34% 13% 47% 35-70% * – 47% 47% 47% 47% 35-70% 50% 35-70% 53% 35-70% Chum L Col – 1% 1% <5% <5% Freshwater 1% 2.8% 5% 1% <5% 20% 5-30% 40% 20-60% Coho L Col 5% 5% 10% <10-30% <10-30%* All 18% 23% 30% 18% <10-30% 24% 10-40% 30% 10-50% Coho abv Bonn Dam 5% 10% 15% <10-35% <10-30%* All < BON 21% 26% 33% 21% <10-40% 30% 10-50% 40% 20-60% Sockeye Deschutes – 3.3% 3.3% 3-11% 6-8+%* Freshwater 3% 9% 12% 3% 3-11% 15% 10-30% 25% 10-40% Sockeye U Col – 11.6% 11.6% 6-19% 6-26+%* Freshwater 12% 15% 20% 12% 6-19% 25% 10-40% 40% 20-60% Sockeye Snake – 5.6% 5.6% 6-11% 6-8+%* Freshwater 6% 9% 12% 6% 6-11% 15% 10-30% 25% 10-40% Sumr Steelhead L Col – <10% 10% <10% <10% Freshwater 10% 10% 10% 10% <10% 18% 10-25% 25% 10-40% Sumr Steelhead Mid Col – 9.5% 9.5% 8-22% 15-22%* Freshwater 10% 15.8% 22% 10% 8-22% 22% 15-30% 35% 20-50% Sumr Steelhead U Col – 10.1% 10.1% 20-34% 20-34%* Freshwater 20% 27% 34% 20% 20-34% 28% 20-40% 35% 20-50% Sumr Steelhead Snake – 19.1% 19.1% 15-22% 15-22%* Freshwater 19% 20.6% 22% 19% 15-22% 27% 20-40% 35% 20-50% Win Steelhead SW WA – 1% 1% <10% <10% Freshwater 1% 1% 1% 1% <10% 13% 10-30% 25% 10-40% Win Steelhead L Col – 1% 1% <10% <10% Freshwater 1% 1% 1% 1% <10% 13% 10-30% 25% 10-40% Win Steelhead U Willamette – 3% 3% <20% <20% Freshwater 3% 3% 3% 3% <20% 14% 10-30% 25% 10-40%

* Abundance-based management framework for Columbia River fisheries.

Notes: • Task Force Stocks defined based on the combination of conservation (ESU or DPS) and fishery management units. • Goal ranges reflect abundance-based annual harvest strategies as well as normal annual variation in fisheries. • Related guidance is for reference purposes – typically these are abundance-based ranges identified in U.S. v. Oregon or other NOAA Fisheries consultations for Columbia Basin fisheries. In a few cases, may also include marine harvest in OR/WA Ocean (e.g., Lower River Hatchery Fall Chinook, Columbia River Coho). • Potential future harvest rates not specifically identified for hatchery fish at this time. Sustainable rates will typically be substantially higher than for natural-origin fish.

70 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Current Exploitation Rates (wild/natural) Current Management Framework Rates under existing plans Potential rates with production improvements

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 71 Figure 12. Potential harvest/impact rates under abundance-based management frameworks at low, medium, and high natural production (assuming corresponding changes in fishery management frameworks). Average values are depicted by vertical lines within colored bars.

Spr Chinook L Col

Spr Chinook Willamette

Spr Chinook Mid Col

Spr Chinook U Col

Spr Chinook Snake

Summer Chinook U Col

Fall Chinook U Col

Fall Chinook Deschutes

Fall Chinook Snake

Fall (tule) Chinook L Col

Fall (brite) Chinook L Col

Chum L Col

Coho L Col

Coho abv Bonn Dam

Sockeye Deschutes

Sockeye U Col

Sockeye Snake

Sumr Steelhead L Col

Sumr Steelhead Mid Col

Sumr Steelhead U Col

Sumr Steelhead Snake

Win Steelhead SW WA

Win Steelhead L Col

Win Steelhead U Willamette

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Current Low goal Medium goal High goal

72 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Figure 13. Current and anticipated hatchery production for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks.

Spr Chinook L Col

Spr Chinook Select Area

Spr Chinook Willamette

Spr Chinook Mid Col

Spr Chinook U Col

Spr Chinook Snake

Summer Chinook U Col

Fall Chinook U Col

Fall Chinook Deschutes

Fall Chinook Snake

Fall (tule) Chinook L Col

Fall (brite) Chinook L Col

Chum L Col

Coho L Col

Coho abv Bonn Dam

Sockeye Deschutes Current Production (~140 million)

Sockeye U Col Steelhead, 16,648,300 Sockeye Snake Spring Chinook, Sockeye, 34,271,500 Sumr Steelhead L Col 5,207,000

Sumr Steelhead Mid Col Coho, 19,358,600 Sumr Steelhead U Col Summer Chinook, 4,495,000 Chum, Sumr Steelhead Snake 473,000

Win Steelhead SW WA

Win Steelhead L Col Fall Chinook, 62,351,500 Win Steelhead U Willam

(Sumr) Steelhead U Willam

0 10,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 40,000,000 Current Anticipated

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 73 Table 11. Current and anticipated hatchery production and approximate adult returns to the Columbia River mouth for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead stocks.

Current production (average) Anticipated production Stock Yearlings Other Total Col R adults Total Col R adults Spr Chinook L Col 2,570,000 416,000 2,986,000 17,000 3,780,000 25,000 Spr Chinook Select Area 1,750,000 0 1,750,000 0 3,450,000 0 Spr Chinook Willamette 5,241,000 0 5,241,000 48,000 5,817,000 53,000 Spr Chinook Mid Col 5,400,000 460,000 5,860,000 47,200 6,480,000 52,200 Spr Chinook U Col 3,094,000 0 3,094,000 19,400 10,200,000 104,300 Spr Chinook Snake 14,115,500 1,225,000 15,340,500 85,500 18,115,500 110,000 Summer Chinook U Col 3,311,000 1,184,000 4,495,000 46,800 13,950,000 146,000 Fall Chinook U Col 210,000 26,200,000 26,410,000 233,400 43,750,000 357,100 Fall Chinook Deschutes 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fall Chinook Snake 0 5,500,000 5,500,000 49,200 5,500,000 49,200 Fall (tule) Chinook L Col 0 30,441,500 30,441,500 163,000 23,941,500 139,000 Fall (brite) Chinook L Col 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chum L Col 0 473,000 473,000 300 750,000 500 Coho L Col 11,100,000 8,600 11,108,600 246,000 10,960,000 246,000 Coho abv Bonn Dam 8,250,000 0 8,250,000 128,000 7,325,000 128,000 Sockeye Deschutes 0 7,000 7,000 100 80,000 1,000 Sockeye U Col 0 4,500,000 4,500,000 32,700 14,100,000 141,000 Sockeye Snake 0 700,000 700,000 1,200 1,000,000 1,700 Sumr Steelhead L Col 1,241,000 0 1,241,000 44,000 1,316,000 44,000 Sumr Steelhead Mid Col 865,000 670,000 1,535,000 58,000 865,000 32,700 Sumr Steelhead U Col 1,005,300 0 1,005,300 21,000 2,750,000 58,000 Sumr Steelhead Snake 9,328,000 1,000,000 10,328,000 203,400 10,328,000 203,400 Win Steelhead SW WA 243,000 0 243,000 4,100 290,000 4,100 Win Steelhead L Col 1,696,000 0 1,696,000 28,900 1,765,000 28,900 Win Steelhead U Willam 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Sumr) Steelhead U Willam 600,000 0 600,000 17,000 600,000 17,000 Totals 70,019,800 72,785,100 142,804,900 1,494,200 187,113,000 1,942,100

74 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force evenly distributed among Figure 14. Annual salmon and steelhead run size to the Columbia River by stock, sockeye salmon, coho 1990-2017. salmon, and steelhead. Chum salmon typically comprise less than one 4,000 percent of the total return. Naturally produced fish 3,500 comprise about 40 percent of the run on average, with percentages vary- 3,000 ing among species and life-history types (Table 13). Approximately 60 percent 2,500 of the total average run originates from hatchery production. About 35 per- 2,000 cent of the Columbia River run is harvested in fresh- 1,500 water fisheries. Additional Columbia R Run (thousands) harvest occurs in marine waters as far north as 1,000 Alaska. Estimates of historical abundance are used as a 500 point of reference for current abundance. Historical 0 abundance is uncertain, 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 and various estimates have been developed over Spring Chinook Summer Chinook Fall Chinook Sockeye time. Total annual abun- Coho dance of adult salmon and Chum Summer Steelhead Winter Steelhead steelhead in the Columbia River Basin during the pre-development period (~mid 1800s) has been Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural pro- estimated to be 8.3 million (PFMC 1979), 7.5 to 8.9 duction were translated into equivalent Columbia million (Chapman 1986), 10 to 16 million (NPPC River mouth numbers by accounting for harvest and 1986), and 5 to 9 million (ISAB 2015). other mortality (natural or human-caused) between Stock-specific estimates of historical (pre-devel- the mouth and the spawning grounds. Columbia opment) natural production were identified by the River mouth estimates corresponding to high- regional technical teams. The total of all stock-spe- range Quantitative Goals for natural production and cific estimates of historical natural production is 9 assuming high potential fishing rates on healthy million (Table 13). This estimate is within the range of stocks are approximately 11.4 million (4.7 million the various historical Columbia River run-size esti- excluding sockeye). This includes natural-origin and mates documented in Table 12, although greater than hatchery-origin fish as well as projected harvest in estimates by the ISAB (2015) and Chapman (1986).41 freshwater. High-end Quantitative Goals for natural production identified by the Task Force on the spawning grounds for all stocks totaled 3.6 million salmon and steelhead (Figure 16). This would be nine times higher than current numbers. Species and run-specific improvement increments range from 1.6 for fall Chinook to 27.8 for sockeye. 41 Comparisons of historical (pre-development) numbers and CBP Task Force Provisional Quantitative Goals for natural production make no correction for mortality between the mouth and spawning grounds. Historical harvest and migration mortalities were unknown and the magnitude is dwarfed by inherent uncertainties in historical run-size estimates.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 75 Table 12. Historical run-size estimates, current run sizes, and harvest of salmon and steelhead in the Columbia River.

Historical Columbia River Run (millions) Current Columbia River Run (2008-2017 averages) Current Harvest (10-year averages) Northwest Power Pacific Fisheries Independent Columbia Basin Planning Council, Management Scientific Advisory Partnership, Hatchery Species 1986 Chapman 1986 Council, 1979 Board, 2015 2019a Natural origin origin Total % Hat Col Basin Ocean Total % of run Chinook 5.4-9.2 3.75-4.34 3.44 – 3.54 383,000 710,000 1,093,000 58% 419,400 427,500 846,900 56% Spring 1.4-2.3 0.5-0.6 – – 1.45 56,000 217,000 273,000 79% 88,500 7,400 95,900 34% Summer 2.7-4.6 2.0-2.5 – – 0.69 31,000 47,000 78,000 60% 31,100 43,300 74,400 61% Fall 1.3-2.3 1.25 – – 1.40 296,000 446,000 742,000 60% 299,800 376,800 676,600 60% Chum 0.8-1.0 0.45-0.75 0.95 – 0.46 15,000 0 15,000 2% 100 0 100 1% Coho 1.0-1.8 0.56-0.62 1.20 – 0.62 34,000 374,000 408,000 90% 145,000 85,000 230,000 47% Sockeye 1.5-2.6 2.25-2.62 0.65 – 2.11 295,000 34,000 329,000 10% 41,900 0 41,900 13% Steelhead 0.8-1.4 0.45-0.55 2.04 – 2.20 104,000 377,000 481,000 79% 222,800 0 222,800 46% Winter – – – – 1.87 14,000 33,000 47,000 50% 19,700 0 19,700 42% Summer – – – – 0.32 90,000 344,000 434,000 80% 203,100 0 203,100 47% Total 9.6-16.3 7.5-8.9 8.28 5.0-9.0 8.93 831,000 1,495,000 2,326,000 64% 829,200 512,500 1,341,700 37% a Based on population-specific inferences for natural-origin spawners prior to development.

Table 13. Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force high-range goals for natural-origin spawners in relation to historical and current numbers, and corresponding totals for the Columbia River mouth run size and harvest.

Natural-origin Spawners Columbia River Run @ high goals Harvest @ high goals Hatchery Species Current High goal % of historical Goal / current Natural origin origin Total % Hat Col Basin Ocean Total % of run Chinook 176,000 648,000 18% 3.7 1,494,900 1,035,800 2,530,700 41% 1,154,500 711,600 1,866,100 58% Spring 24,000 295,000 20% 12.3 777,100 344,500 1,121,600 31% 515,000 30,000 545,000 47% Summer 17,000 131,000 19% 7.7 241,000 146,000 387,000 38% 154,000 215,000 369,000 61% Fall 135,000 222,000 16% 1.6 476,800 545,300 1,022,100 53% 485,500 466,600 952,100 64% Chum 12,000 49,500 11% 4.1 102,000 500 102,500 0% 41,000 0 41,000 40% Coho 42,000 288,300 46% 6.9 432,000 374,000 806,000 46% 499,000 109,000 608,000 66% Sockeye 81,000 2,251,500 107% 27.8 6,560,400 143,700 6,704,100 2% 3,006,200 0 3,006,200 45% Steelhead 70,000 342,000 16% 4.9 899,200 388,100 1,287,300 30% 520,300 0 520,300 40% Winter 51,000 228,200 12% 4.5 163,000 33,000 196,000 17% 63,000 0 63,000 32% Summer 19,000 113,800 35% 6.0 736,200 355,100 1,091,300 33% 457,300 0 457,300 42% Total 381,000 3,579,300 40% 9.4 9,488,500 1,942,100 11,430,600 17% 5,221,000 820,600 6,041,600 35%

76 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Historical Columbia River Run (millions) Current Columbia River Run (2008-2017 averages) Current Harvest (10-year averages) Northwest Power Pacific Fisheries Independent Columbia Basin Planning Council, Management Scientific Advisory Partnership, Hatchery Species 1986 Chapman 1986 Council, 1979 Board, 2015 2019a Natural origin origin Total % Hat Col Basin Ocean Total % of run Chinook 5.4-9.2 3.75-4.34 3.44 – 3.54 383,000 710,000 1,093,000 58% 419,400 427,500 846,900 56% Spring 1.4-2.3 0.5-0.6 – – 1.45 56,000 217,000 273,000 79% 88,500 7,400 95,900 34% Summer 2.7-4.6 2.0-2.5 – – 0.69 31,000 47,000 78,000 60% 31,100 43,300 74,400 61% Fall 1.3-2.3 1.25 – – 1.40 296,000 446,000 742,000 60% 299,800 376,800 676,600 60% Chum 0.8-1.0 0.45-0.75 0.95 – 0.46 15,000 0 15,000 2% 100 0 100 1% Coho 1.0-1.8 0.56-0.62 1.20 – 0.62 34,000 374,000 408,000 90% 145,000 85,000 230,000 47% Sockeye 1.5-2.6 2.25-2.62 0.65 – 2.11 295,000 34,000 329,000 10% 41,900 0 41,900 13% Steelhead 0.8-1.4 0.45-0.55 2.04 – 2.20 104,000 377,000 481,000 79% 222,800 0 222,800 46% Winter – – – – 1.87 14,000 33,000 47,000 50% 19,700 0 19,700 42% Summer – – – – 0.32 90,000 344,000 434,000 80% 203,100 0 203,100 47% Total 9.6-16.3 7.5-8.9 8.28 5.0-9.0 8.93 831,000 1,495,000 2,326,000 64% 829,200 512,500 1,341,700 37%

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 77 Figure 15. Composition of recent 10-year average salmon and steelhead run to the Columbia River. Area-specific numbers are as measured at the Columbia River mouth.

Upper Columbia Lower Columbia (802,840) (594,800) Summer Steelhead, Spring Chinook, 27,700 23,240 Winter steelhead, Spring Chinook, Summer Chinook, 39,300 20,000 78,000 Summer Steelhead, 47,000

Chum, 15,000 Fall Chinook, 193,500 Sockeye, 327,000

Fall Chinook, 346,900

Coho, Run Total 280,000 (2.3 million)

Winter steelhead, Spring Chinook, 45,600 273,540 Summer Steelhead, 434,000 Summer Chinook, 78,000

Sockeye, 328,550 Fall Chinook, 741,400 Chum, 15,000

Coho, 408,000

Snake Middle Columbia (422,760) Willamette (422,390) (81,300) Spring Chinook, Summer Steelhead, 59,400 Spring Chinook, Winter steelhead, 101,000 6,300 112,900

Summer Steelhead, 17,000 Summer Steelhead, Sockeye, 241,300 90

Fall Chinook, 133,900 Fall Chinook, Spring Chinook, 58,000 67,100

Sockeye, Coho, 1,460 128,000

78 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Figure 16. Natural production goals for spawning escapement relative to current and historical values. Current, low goal, medium goal and high goal pie slices are incremental relative to lower values (e.g., low goal total = current + additional increment needed to reach the total identified for the low goal.

Lower Columbia Upper Columbia Current, 89,000

Low Goal, Current, 178,000 193,000 Medium Goal, Medium Goal, 811,000 318,000

Historical, 1,190,000 High Goal, 460,000 Historical, 4,754,000

High Goal, 2,531,000

Snake

Low Goal, 60,000 Current, Medium Goal, 43,000 158,000 Willamette High Goal, Middle Columbia 255,000 Current, 7,000 Medium Goal, 76,000 Current, High Goal, 49,000 106,000 Low Goal, 68,000

Medium Goal, 146,000

Historical, Historical, 604,000 High Goal, Historical, 532,000 228,000 1,855,000

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 79 Continuing the Work of the Task Force

he efforts of the Task Force focused first and how the goals might be achieved. The Task Force foremost on setting goals for salmon and has had many preliminary discussions about what steelhead recovery in the Columbia Basin. the next phase would cover. TThese goals are reflected in both Qualitative Goal statements and Provisional Quantitative Goals for Potential topics for further exploration each of the 24 stocks. These goals reflect values for and evaluation include: our collective future — for example, the aspiration 1. How to balance achievement of the qualitative goals to have heathy and harvestable levels of salmon on a stock-specific basis, considering that different and steelhead, and the intent to include social, qualitative goals may be prioritized for individual stocks. cultural, ecological, and economic considerations in 2. How to strategically align harvest aspirations and future salmon and steelhead management decisions. hatchery production with natural production goals. Frequently, however, Task Force discussions 3. How to refine goals for salmon and steelhead in blocked included questions about how the goals would areas in the Columbia and Snake River Basins. be realized, what actions would be necessary to 4. Identifying potential opportunities and multiple benefits achieve the goals, and what implications those among all of the species and actions. actions might have for diverse interests in the 5. Developing alternative scenarios with strategies and Columbia Basin. Task Force members held back action to achieve the goals. on resolving those questions because of the importance of first setting goals. Members frequently reminded each other of the saying that “If you don’t The relationships built on mutual trust and know where you are going, any road will take you respect that Task Force members fostered over there.” the last two years are essential to finding solutions The MAFAC approved continuation of this effort and synergies. The common foundation developed in late June 2018, providing the opportunity to through this initial phase provides the Task Force further test and refine the Provisional Quantitative members with the tools, confidence, and inspiration Goals and address many of the questions around to move forward.

80 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force References

Chapman, D. W. 1986. Salmon and Steelhead McElhany, P., M. H. Ruckelshaus, M. J. Ford, T. C. Abundance in the Columbia River in the Nineteenth Wainwright, and E. P. Bjorkstedt. 2000. Viable Century. Transactions of the American Fisheries Salmonid Populations and the Recovery of Society 115:662-670. Evolutionarily Significant Units. U.S. Department CRITFC (Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission). Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS 2014. Spirit of the Salmon Plan: Wy-Kan-Ush-Mi NWFSC-42,156 p. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/ Wa-Kish-Wit. Portland, Oregon. http://plan.critfc. view/noaa/3139. org/. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2009. Flores, L., J. Mojica, A. Fletcher, A, P. Casey, Z. Christin, Middle Columbia River Steelhead Distinct Population C. Armistead, and D. Batker. 2017. The Value of Segment ESA Recovery Plan. https://repository. Natural Capital in the Columbia River Basin: A library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/16003. Comprehensive Analysis. Earth Economics, Tacoma, NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2013. ESA WA. Available at: https://ucut.org/wp-content/ Recovery Plan for Lower Columbia River Chinook uploads/2017/12/ValueNaturalCapitalColumbia Salmon, Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon, RiverBasinDec2017.pdf. Columbia River Chum Salmon, and Lower Columbia ICTRT (Interior Columbia Basin Technical Recovery River Steelhead. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/ Team). 2007. Viability Criteria for Application to view/noaa/16002. Interior Columbia Basin Salmonid ESUs. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2015. ESA https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/research/divisions/cb/ Recovery Plan for Snake River Sockeye Salmon genetics/trt/trt_documents/ictrt_viability_criteria_ (Oncorhynchus nerka). https://repository.library.noaa. reviewdraft_2007_complete.pdf. gov/view/noaa/16001 ISAB (Independent Scientific Advisory Board). 2015. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2017a. Density Dependence and Its Implications for Fish ESA Recovery Plan for Snake River Fall Chinook Management and Restoration in the Columbia River Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). West Basin (and July 2016 addendum). Northwest Power Coast Region. Portland, Oregon. https:// and Conservation Council Document: ISAB 2015-1. www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/ https://www.nwcouncil.org/fish-and-wildlife/fw- recovery-plan-snake-river-fall-chinook-salmon independent-advisory-committees/independent- NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2017b. scientific-advisory-board/density-dependence- ESA Recovery Plan for Snake River Spring/Summer and-its-implications-for-fish-management-and- Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Snake restoration-in-the-columbia-river-basin-and-july- River Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2016-addendum. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/ LCFRB (Lower Columbia River Fish Recovery Board). recovery-plan-snake-river-spring-summer-chinook- 2010. Washington Lower Columbia Salmon Recovery salmon-and-snake-river-basin. and Fish and Wildlife Subbasin Plan. https://docs. wixstatic.com/ugd/810197_dec0786f0c474a- 1192fa14b45bde9be3.pdf.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 81 NPCC (Northwest Power and Conservation Council). UCSRB (Upper Columbia Salmon Recovery Board). 2014. Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife 2007. Upper Columbia Spring Chinook Salmon and Program. Council Document Number 2014-12. Steelhead Recovery Plan. https://repository.library. Portland, Oregon. https://www.nwcouncil.org/ noaa.gov/view/noaa/15990. reports/2014-columbia-river-basin-fish-and-wildlife- UCUT (Upper Columbia United Tribes). 1985. program. Compilation of Information on Salmon and Steelhead NPPC (Northwest Power Planning Council) 1986. Total Run Size, Catch and Hydropower Related Compilation of information on salmon and steel- Losses in the Upper Columbia River Basin, Above head losses in the Columbia River Basin. Northwest Grand Coulee Dam. Upper Columbia United Tribes Power and Conservation Council (formerly named Fisheries Technical Report #2. Northwest Power Planning Council) Portland, OR. USRT (Upper Snake River Tribes). 2018. Hells Canyon NPT (Nez Perce Tribe). 2013. Nez Perce Tribe Fisheries Resource Management Plan. April 27. Department of Fisheries Resources Management Williams, R. N. 2006. Return to the River: Restoring Plan. http://www.nptfisheries.org/portals/0/images/ Salmon to the Columbia River. Edited by Richard dfrm/home/fisheries-management-plan-final-sm.pdf. N. Williams. 2006, digital printing 2011. Elsevier NRC (National Research Council). 1998. Upstream: Academic Press (ISNB 10:0-12-088414-3). Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. WLCTRT (Willamette/Lower Columbia Technical National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. Recovery Team) and ODFW (Oregon Department of ODFW (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife). Fish and Wildlife). 2006. Revised Viability Criteria for 2010. Lower Columbia River Conservation and Salmon and Steelhead in the Willamette and Lower Recovery Plan for Oregon Populations of Salmon and Columbia Basins. https://www.researchgate.net/ Steelhead. https://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/CRP/ publication/280628372_Revised_Viability_Criteria_ lower_columbia_plan.asp. for_Salmon_and_Steelhead_in_the_Willamette_and_ ODFW (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) and Lower_Columbia_Basins. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 2011. YBFWRB (Yakima Basin Fish and Wildlife Recovery Upper Willamette River Conservation and Recovery Board). 2009. Yakima Steelhead Recovery Plan. Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead. http://www.ybfwrb.org/recovery-planning/ https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/15981. steelhead-recovery-plan/. Pacific Northwest Projects. 2015. The Economic Importance of Western Irrigated Agriculture, Family Farm Alliance Review, 2015. Water resources white paper. Prepared for The Family Farm Alliance. March 2015. Penaluna, B. E., A. Abadía-Cardoso, J. B. Dunham, F. J. García-Dé León, R. E. Gresswell, A. Ruiz Luna, E. B. Taylor, B. B. Shepard, R. Al-Chokhachy, C. C. Muhlfeld, K. R. Bestgen, K. Rogers, M. A. Escalante, E. R. Keeley, G. M. Temple, J. E. Williams, K. R. Matthews, R. Pierce, R. L. Mayden, R. P. Kovach, J. Carlos Garza, and K. D. Fausch 2016. Conservation of Native Pacific Trout Diversity in Western North America. Fisheries 41:6, 286-300. DOI: 10.1080/03632415.2016.1175888.

82 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Appendices

Appendix A. Provisional Quantitative Goal Summaries by Stock.... 84 Appendix B. Glossary...... 170 Appendix C. Terms of Reference...... 174 Appendix D. Operating Principles...... 176

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 83 Appendix A. Provisional Quantitative Goal Summaries by Stock

Contents

LOWER COLUMBIA...... 86 Spring Chinook...... 87 Fall Chinook (tules)...... 91 Late Fall Chinook (bright)...... 95 Coho...... 98 Chum...... 102 Steelhead...... 105

MID-COLUMBIA...... 110 Spring Chinook...... 111 Summer/Fall Chinook...... 115 Coho...... 118 Sockeye...... 121 Steelhead...... 124

UPPER COLUMBIA...... 128 Spring Chinook...... 129 Summer Chinook...... 132 Fall Chinook...... 135 Sockeye...... 138 Summer Steelhead...... 141

SNAKE...... 146 Spring/Summer Chinook...... 147 Fall Chinook...... 151 Sockeye...... 154 Summer Steelhead...... 157

WILLAMETTE...... 162 Spring Chinook...... 163 Winter Steelhead...... 167

For assistance with this Appendix, please contact NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region at (503) 230-5400 or visit https://www.fisheries. noaa.gov/west-coast/partners/columbia-basin-partnership-task-force.

84 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

AK Alaska BON Bonneville Dam Can Canada CJD Chief Joseph Dam CR Columbia River Crk Creek DPS Distinct Population Segment EDT Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment EF East Fork ER Exploitation Rate ESA Endangered Species Act ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit Hat Hatchery ICTRT Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team ID Idaho IDFG Idaho Department of Fish and Game IHR Ice Harbor Dam LCR Lower Columbia River LGR Lower Granite Dam LRH Lower River Hatchery (fall Chinook stock) LRW Lower River Wild (fall Chinook stock) MAT Minimum Abundance Threshold MCN McNary Dam MCR Middle Columbia River MPG Major Population Group Natl Natural NF North Fork NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NPCC Northwest Power and Conservation Council Ocn Ocean ODFW Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife OR Oregon PFC Properly Function Conditions (freshwater habitat) PRD Priest Rapids Dam R River SAB Select Area Bright (fall Chinook stock) SF South Fork TDA The Dalles Dam UCR Upper Columbia River URB Upriver Bright (fall Chinook stock) WA Washington WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WLCTRT Willamette Lower Columbia Technical Recovery Team YN Yakama Nation

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 85 86 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ hƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ;tͿ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϰ͕ϭϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϱϬ ŝƐƉƵƐ;tͿ ϳ͕ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ dŝůƚŽŶ;tͿ Ϭ ϱ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϱϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞ;tͿ ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ

ĂƐĐĂĚĞ <ĂůĂŵĂ;tͿ ϭϲϬ ϰ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϬϬ ϱϱϬ ϴϬϬ E&>ĞǁŝƐ;tͿ ϭϱϬ ϭϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ;KZͿ ϭ͕ϱϲϬ Ϯϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϱϬ ϳ͕ϵϬϬ tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ;tͿ ϱϬ ϵϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϳϬϬ ϵϬϬ 'ŽƌŐĞ ,ŽŽĚ;KZͿ ϳϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯ͕ϮϰϬ ϭϬϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϵ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϱϱϬ ϯϯ͕ϯϬϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŽǁůŝƚǌZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂZŝǀĞƌ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐZŝǀĞƌ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇZŝǀĞƌ ϮϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů Ϯ͕ϱϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂůĨŝƐŚĞƌǇĂƌĞĂƐ ϭ͕ϳϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŽŽĚZŝǀĞƌ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ŝƚƚůĞtŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝŶĚZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϲ͕ϲϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϲϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚΎ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϰ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϭϬϵ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϲϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϲϯ ϭϬͲϰϬй ϮϬͲϱϬй ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϭ͘ϯй ϳ

EĂƚƵƌĂů ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϭй Ϭ͘ϭй Ϯ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ ϳ͘ϳй ϴ͘ϰй ϭϵϭ dŽƚĂů ϭϲ͘ϴй ϴ͘ϴй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϮϬͲϱϬй ϰϯϯ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϰ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϳϯϲ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϯϳϯ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϰϵϱ ≤ϳϬй ≤ϳϬй ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ Ϯ͘Ϯй Ϯ͘ϰй ϰϯϲ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϴй Ϭ͘ϵй ϭϱϵ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ ϮϮ͘ϭй Ϯϰ͘Ϯй ϱ͕Ϭϵϱ dŽƚĂů ϯϯ͘ϵй Ϯϳ͘ϲй ≤ 70% ≤ 70% ϳ͕Ϯϵϰ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ Žů^ƉŽƌƚ ͲͲ ϳ͘ϴй ϭϬ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϴϴϯ ŽůŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ͲͲ ϵϭ͘ϭй ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ƌĞĂ ^ĞůĞĐƚ dŽƚĂů ϵϴ͘ϵй ϭϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϴϴϯ dƌĞĂƚǇ ͲͲ ϭϵ͘ϳй ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ^ƉŽƌƚ ͲͲ ϯϰ͘ϲй ϲ͕ϮϬϬ dƌŝďƐ ŽŶŶ dŽƚĂů Ϭ͘Ϭй ϱϰ͘ϯй ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ΎŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌƐƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĂƌĞŵĂƌŬƐĞůĞĐƚŝǀĞ

88 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϱй ϱϳй ϯϵй Ϯϵй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϵй ϱϬй ϯϬй ϭϳй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϲ͕ϮϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϳй ϴϯй ϱϵй ϰϱй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϰϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϱй ϳϱй ϱϱй ϰϭй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 89 ▪ ▪

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• •

90 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

&Ă• ůůKŶĞŽĨƚŚƌĞĞƐƚŽĐŬƐ͕ĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚĂƐƉƌŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬ;ƚƵůĞƐͿ ƌƵŶĂŶĚĂůĂƚĞΗďƌŝŐŚƚΗĨĂůůƐƚŽĐŬ͕ŝŶƚŚĞ ůŽǁĞƌŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌŚŝŶŽŽŬ^h͘ • dŚĞΗƚƵůĞΗƐƚŽĐŬŝƐĚŝƐƚŝŶŐƵŝƐŚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĂƌŬƐŬŝŶĐŽůŽƌĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚƐƚĂŐĞ ŽĨŵĂƚƵƌĂƚŝŽŶĂƚĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌĞŶƚƌǇ͘ • ^ƉĂǁŶĞĚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇŝŶƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵΘ ůĂƌŐĞƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐƵƉƚŽƚŚĞ<ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚZŝǀĞƌ͘ • KĐĞĂŶƌĂŶŐĞŝƐƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇĂůŽŶŐ tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶĂŶĚƌŝƚŝƐŚŽůƵŵďŝĂĐŽĂƐƚƐ͘ • WƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞůǇŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇĨŝƐŚĂƚƚŚŝƐƚŝŵĞ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϮ͕ϯϮϵ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϴ͕ϬϱϬ

DĞĚŐŽĂůƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϮ͕ϯϮϵ ϱϰ͕ϭϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϴ͕ϬϱϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂůDĞĚŐŽĂů ϱϰ͕ϭϬϬ ϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϲϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϲϵ͕ϳϬϬ

Ϭ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞWŽŽůƚƵůĞ >͘ŽůƵŵďŝĂƚƵůĞ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌDŽƵƚŚZĞƚƵƌŶ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϲϰ ϭϵϲϵ ϭϵϳϰ ϭϵϳϵ ϭϵϴϰ ϭϵϴϵ ϭϵϵϰ ϭϵϵϵ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϵ ϮϬϭϰ

,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ;йǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶǀƐKĐĞĂŶĚƵůƚƐͿ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;>ŽůƵŵďŝĂƚƵůĞƐͿ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ͕Ϯ͘ϳй KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ͕ϯ͘Ϯй ŝŐƌĞĞŬ͕ ĞĞƉZŝǀĞƌ͕ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Žǁůŝƚǌ ;Žǁůŝƚǌ Žů ^ĂůŵŽŶ,Ϳ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ͕ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͘ϱй ϱ͘ϱй <ůĂƐŬĂŶŝŶĞ͕ dŽƵƚůĞ;EdŽƵƚůĞ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,Ϳ͕ϭ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ͕ ϰ͘ϵй KĐĞĂŶ ;tͬKZͿ͕ <ĂůĂŵĂ;&ĂůůĞƌƚ͕ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů͕ ϭϭ͘ϴй <ĂůĂŵĂ&ĂůůƐͿ͕ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϯϮ͘ϲй dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϵ͘ϵ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 91 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ 'ƌĂǇƐͬŚŝŶŽŽŬ ϭϬϲ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶͬ^ŬĂŵŽŬĂǁĂ ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ DŝůůͬďĞƌŶĂƚŚǇͬ'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ ϳϭ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ zŽƵŶŐƐĂǇ Ϯϭϵ ϭϱ͕ϭϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ

ŽĂƐƚ&Ăůů ŝŐƌĞĞŬ Ϯϰ ϴ͕ϴϬϬ ϲϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ůĂƚƐŬĂŶŝĞ ϱ ϭϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ^ĐĂƉƉŽŽƐĞ Ϭ ϭϮ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϯϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ Ϯ͕ϴϭϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϵϬϬ hƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ Ϯ͕ϱϴϱ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϱ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞ ϯϯϳ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϲϬϬ ϵ͕ϭϬϬ ŽǁĞĞŵĂŶ ϳϴϰ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ ϵϯϰ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐ Ϯ͕ϳϯϴ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ

ĂƐĐĂĚĞ&Ăůů ^ĂůŵŽŶ ŶĂ ϰϬϬ ϱϬ ϮϬϬ ϰϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů ϳϭϮ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ ϭϱϮ ϮϮ͕ϲϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϰϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ ϴϵ ϲ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌ'ŽƌŐĞ ϭϮϰ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϱ͕ϭϬϬ hƉƉĞƌ'ŽƌŐĞ ϮϬϭ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϯϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϳϬϬ ϵϬϬ 'ŽƌŐĞ&Ăůů ,ŽŽĚ ϯϵ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϮ͕ϯϮϵ ϭϲϵ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϱϬ ϱϰ͕ϭϬϬ ϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ^ƚŽĐŬ ƌŽŽĚ EŽ͘ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĞĞƉZŝǀĞƌ dƵůĞ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ Žǁůŝƚǌ;Žǁůŝƚǌ^ĂůŵŽŶ,Ϳ dƵůĞ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞ;EdŽƵƚůĞ,Ϳ dƵůĞ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

tƚƵůĞƐ <ĂůĂŵĂ;&ĂůůĞƌƚ͕<ĂůĂŵĂ&ĂůůƐͿ dƵůĞ ϱ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů dƵůĞ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ůĂƐŬĂŶŝŶĞ dƵůĞ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŝŐƌĞĞŬ dƵůĞ ϯ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

KZƚƵůĞƐ KƌĞŐŽŶ^dW dƵůĞ ϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂůƐ >Z, ϭϵ͕ϵϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϰϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ W, ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞWŽŽů,;^ƉƌŝŶŐƌŬͿ W, ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ zŽƵŶŐƐZ ^ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^Ύ <ůĂƐŬĂŶŝŶĞZ ^ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂůƐ ^ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ;>t^E&,Ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ DΎ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ;tŝůůĂƌĚͿ ƌŝŐŚƚ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >'ŽƌŐĞ;ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞ,Ϳ ƌŝŐŚƚ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂůƐ D ϵ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϰϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϰϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ ΎEŽŶͲ^hŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨ&ĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬŝŶƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌͲŽůƵŵďŝĂƌĞŐŝŽŶ͘

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϳϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ ϱ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ ϭϭ͘ϴй ͲͲ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯϬͲϰϭй ϯϬͲϴϬй ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϰ͘ϵй ϲ͘Ϯй ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ϰ͘ϱй ϱ͘ϳй ϵϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ Ϯ͘ϳй ϯ͘ϰй ϲϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂůdƵůĞƐ;>Z,Ϳ dŽƚĂů ϯϮ͘ϲй ϭϱ͘ϯй ϯϬͲϰϭй ϯϬͲϴϬй ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ ϱ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ ϭϭ͘ϴй ͲͲ ϭϮ͕ϳϬϬ ≤75% ≤75% ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϱ͘ϵй ϳ͘ϰй ϲ͕ϴϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ϭϬ͘ϭй ϭϮ͘ϳй ϭϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ ϲ͘ϯй ϳ͘ϵй ϲ͕ϯϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƚƵůĞƐ;>Z,Ϳ dŽƚĂů ϰϮ͘ϴй Ϯϴ͘Ϭй ≤75% ≤75% ϰϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ͲͲ ϭϵ͘ϱй Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ≤75% ≤75% ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ͲͲ ϲϬ͘ϯй ϳ͕ϳϬϬ ϳ͕ϳϬϬ ^ĞůĞĐƚ ďƌŝŐŚƚƐ dŽƚĂů ϳϵ͘ϴй ≤75% ≤75% ϵ͕ϵϬϬ ϵ͕ϵϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ Ϭ͘Ϭй ͲͲ Ϭ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ ϭϬ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ ϭϴ͘Ϯй ͲͲ Ϯϭ͕ϳϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϯ͘Ϭй ϰ͘Ϯй ≤75% ≤75% ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ϭϬ͘ϭй ϭϰ͘Ϭй ϭϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ Ϯϵ͘Ϯй ϰϬ͘ϱй ϯϱ͕ϴϬϬ dƌŝď^ƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϱй Ϭ͘ϳй ϱϬϬ

ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞWŽŽů,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dŽƚĂů ϳϭ͘Ϭй ϱϵ͘ϰй ≤75% ≤75% ϴϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ

92 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ;>Z,Ϳ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϵϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϯй ϲϳй ϰϭй ϮϬй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϮй ϲϯй ϯϱй ϭϱй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϯ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϭй ϳϴй ϰϴй Ϯϰй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϳй ϳϯй ϰϱй ϮϮй

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ;W,Ϳ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй ϭϬϬй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 93 ▪ ▪

•

• •

94 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force LOWER COLUMBIA Late Fall Chinook (Bright) ▪ ESA: Threatened ▪ Life History: Ocean rearing

Late Fall Chinook (bright) • This "bright" stock is one of three types, along with a spring run and a "tule" Fall

stock, in the listed lower Columbia River Totals Chinook ESU. • The "late fall" stock is distinguished from the lower river tule stock by a later run timing and earlier stage of maturation at freshwater entry. • Returns are entirely wild-origin, for this reason the stock is also referred to as Lower River Wild or LRW.

Current 10,800 Current 10,800 Low goal 11,100 Natural Med goal 16,700 Low goal Production High goal 22,20011,100 Historical 33,000 Med goal 16,700

High goal 22,200

Historical 33,000

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000 Columbia River Mouth Return 10,000

5,000

0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Harvest Distribution (% Exploitation vs Ocean Adults)

Ocean (WA/OR), 7.8% Ocean (Can), 16.1% Col sport, 2.2%

Col No Current Hatchery Production commercial, 4.7%

Trib sport, Ocean (AK), 6.3% 10.2%

Totals 47.3% Totals 0

97 Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 95 LOWER COLUMBIA Late Fall Chinook (Bright) ▪ ESA: Threatened ▪ Life History: Ocean rearing

Natural Production Abundance Potential Goal Range MPG Population Recent Historical Low Med High Late North Fork Lewis 9,700 23,000 7,300 11,000 14,600 Fall Sandy 1,100 10,000 3,800 5,700 7,600 Totals 10,800 33,000 11,100 16,700 22,200

Hatchery Production Current Production Return Anticipated Location (Program) Brood Smolts Fry Goal production None 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 0 0 0 0 0

Fisheries / Harvest Exploitation rate Harvest Location Avg (v ocn) Avg (v CR) Limits Potential Recent Potential Ocean (AK) 10.2% -- 2,100 Ocean (Can) 16.1% -- 3,400 17,300 Ocean (WA/OR) 7.8% -- 2,000 35-70% 35-70% Col sport 2.2% 3.3% 600 Col commercial 4.7% 7.2% 900 9,600 Wild/Natural Trib sport 6.3% 9.5% 1,300 Total 47.3% 20.0% 35-70% 35-70% 10,300 26,900

Recent avg @ Goals Total Return (2008-2017) Low Med High @ Columbia R Mouth 14,500 14,900 23,700 33,500 Natural 14,500 14,900 23,700 33,500 Hatchery 0 0 0 0 % hatchery 0% 0% 0% 0% Escapement 11,700 12,000 18,100 24,100 Natural 11,700 12,000 18,100 24,100 Hatchery 0 0 0 0 % hatchery 0% 0% 0% 0% Harvest (Col basin) 2,800 3,000 5,800 9,600 Natural 2,800 3,000 5,800 9,600 Hatchery 0 0 0 0 % hatchery 0% 0% 0% 0% Harvest (Total) 10,300 10,700 18,100 26,900 Natural 10,300 10,700 18,100 26,900 Hatchery 0 0 0 0 % hatchery 0% 0% 0% 0%

98 96 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force LOWER COLUMBIA Late Fall Chinook (Bright) ▪ ESA: Threatened ▪ Life History: Ocean rearing

Notes - Natural Production This "bright" stock is one of three types, along with a spring run and a "tule" fall stock, in the listed lower Columbia River Chinook ESU. The "late fall" stock is distinguished from the lower river tule stock by a later run timing and earlier stage of maturation at freshwater entry. In the ocean this stock is subject to harvest from Southeast Alaska south to the Columbia River. The Lewis River population is among the most productive Chinook stocks in the Columbia basin. Returns are entirely wild-origin - for this reason the stock is also referred to as "Lower River Wild or LRW". Distribution: The WLCTRT identified two historical populations – the Sandy River Basin in Oregon and the Lewis River Basin in Washington. Both populations are extant. Historical abundance: For the Washington population (Lewis River), the estimate of historical abundance is based on EDT modeling using estimated historical habitat conditions. For the Oregon population (Sandy River), ODFW developed estimates using information from NMFS status reviews and the WLCTRT. (NMFS estimates of historical kilometers of habitat for each species and population were used to apportion the ESU abundance estimate between all populations.)

Current abundance: Based on spawning ground surveys for both populations. Goals: • Low range: Population-specific delisting abundance target from ESA recovery plan. • Medium range: Midpoint between low range and high range goals for both populations. • High range: For Sandy, 4000 (which is rounded up from BROAD SENSE RECOVERY GOAL identified in ODFW recovery plan). For both populations, doubled low goal as a placeholder.

99 Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 97 ▪ ▪

•ŽŚƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇŝŶŚĂďŝƚƐůŽǁƚŽŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞŽ ĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶƐƚƌĞĂŵƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞƉŽƌƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌŽůƵŵďŝĂ͘ • ^ͲůŝƐƚĞĚĐŽŚŽŽĐĐƵƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽůƵŵďŝĂ ZŝǀĞƌŐŽƌŐĞĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ͘ • ƵƌƌĞŶƚƌƵŶƐĂƌĞŵŽƐƚůǇŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇŽƌŝŐŝŶ͘ • ^ŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐŽĐĐƵƌŝŶ ƐŽŵĞƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯϰ͕ϰϰϮ EĂƚƵƌĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϲϬ͕ϵϮϱ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯϰ͕ϰϰϮ DĞĚŐŽĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂůϭϮϮ͕ϱϱϬϲϬ͕ϵϮϱ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϭϮϮ͕ϱϱϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϴϰ͕ϰϬϬϭϴϰ͕ϰϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϬϭ͕ϵϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϬϭ͕ϵϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ,ŝŐŚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐZĂŶŐĞ͗ϭ͘ϴŵŝůůŝŽŶ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ

ϭ͕ϰϬϬ

ϭ͕ϮϬϬ

ϭ͕ϬϬϬ >Žǁ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐZĂŶŐĞ͗ϲϬϬƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚ ϴϬϬ

ϲϬϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ͗ϰϱϬƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚΕϴϬй,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ

ϰϬϬ

ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌZƵŶ;ƚŚŽƵŝƐĂŶĚƐͿ ϮϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϯϴ ϭϵϰϯ ϭϵϱϭ ϭϵϱϲ ϭϵϲϭ ϭϵϲϲ ϭϵϳϭ ϭϵϳϲ ϭϵϴϭ ϭϵϴϲ ϭϵϵϭ ϭϵϵϲ ϮϬϬϭ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϭϭ ϮϬϭϲ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇZĞůĞĂƐĞƐ ;tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞͿ ĞĞƉZ͕ϳϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ KZ^ĞůĞĐƚƌĞĂƐ͕ϯ͕ϲϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

'ƌĂǇƐZ͕ KZ^dW KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ͕ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;WƌĞƐŵŽůƚƐͿ͕ ϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϬ͘Ϯй ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞ͕ ŝŐƌ͕ϱϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ͕ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Žǁůŝƚǌ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ͕ ;/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚͿ͕ ϴϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů͕ Žǁůŝƚǌ KĐĞĂŶ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƚĞĚͿ͕ ;<ͬĂŶͿ͕ >ŽůZ͕ >ĞǁƐ;Eͬ>ĂƚĞͿ͕ ϭ͕ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͘ϳй ϵϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͘ϭй E&dŽƵƚůĞ͕ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐ ;^ͬĂƌůǇͿ͕ϭ͕ϮϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ͕ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ƚŽƚĂů ϭϳй ƚŽƚĂů ϭϭ͘ϭ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

98 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ 'ƌĂǇƐ ϯϵϵ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ůŽĐŚͬ^ŬĂŵ ϰϯϵ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϰ͕ϭϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϬϬ DŝůůͬďĞƌͬ'Ğƌŵ ϲϬϱ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ zŽƵŶŐƐ ϳϵ ϭϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϳϱ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϵϬϬ ŽĂƐƚ ŝŐ ϯϰϵ ϭϬ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϱϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϲ͕ϯϬϬ ůĂƚƐŬĂŶŝĞ ϴϲϳ ϭϲ͕ϴϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϵ͕ϲϬϬ ^ĐĂƉƉŽŽƐĞ ϲϮϵ ϮϮ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϰ͕ϮϬϬ >͘Žǁůŝƚǌ ϰ͕ϰϮϯ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϳϬϬ ŽǁĞĞŵĂŶ Ϯ͕Ϭϰϲ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϲ͕ϮϬϬ ^&dŽƵƚůĞ ϭ͕ϳϵϮ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ E&dŽƵƚůĞ ϭ͕ϰϴϯ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϭϬϬ hŽǁůŝƚǌ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϴϲϳ ŝƐƉƵƐ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϱ͕ϰϬϬ dŝůƚŽŶ Ϯ͕ϮϮϴ ϱ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ ϭϴ ϴϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ĂƐĐĂĚĞ E&>ĞǁŝƐ ϵϭϳ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϳϱϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ &>ĞǁŝƐ ϵϭϮ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϱϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϭ͕Ϯϰϰ ϱ͕ϯϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϰ͕ϲϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů ϯϯϭ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϱϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ ϭ͕ϯϵϯ ϭϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ ϯ͕ϬϮϯ ϱϮ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϰϱϬ ϭϳ͕ϳϬϬ >͘'ŽƌŐĞ Ϯϱϵ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϬϬ ϴ͕ϴϬϬ h͘'ŽƌŐĞ

'ŽƌŐĞ ϭϰϬ ϵ͕ϴϬϬ ϳ͕ϭϬϬ ϵ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϮϬϬ ,ŽŽĚ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů Ϯϰ͕ϰϰϮ ϯϬϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϲϬ͕ϵϮϱ ϭϮϮ͕ϱϱϬ ϭϴϰ͕ϰϬϬ KƚŚĞƌ tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞΎ ϳ͕ϬϴϮ Ϭ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϯϭ͕ϱϮϰ ϯϬϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϵϮϱ ϭϮϵ͕ϱϱϬ ϭϵϭ͕ϰϬϬ ΎEŽƚƉĂƌƚŽĨ>ŝƐƚĞĚ^h

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀĞ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ ϭ͘ϳй ͲͲ ϱϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ ϭϬ͘Ϯй ͲͲ фϭϬͲϯϬй фϭϬͲϱϬй ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽůZ ϱ͘ϭй ϱ͘ϳй Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů dŽƚĂů ϭϳ͘Ϭй ϱ͘ϳй фϭϬͲϯϬй фϭϬͲϱϬй ϯϵ͕ϭϭϬ ϭϬϮ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ Ϭ͘ϳй ͲͲ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ ϭϴ͘ϰй ͲͲ ≤70% ≤70% ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽůZ ϯϰ͘ϭй ϰϮ͘ϳй ϭϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dŽƚĂů ϱϯ͘Ϯй ϰϮ͘ϳй ≤70% ≤70% ϭϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 99 ▪ ▪

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ 'ƌĂǇƐZ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ĞĞƉZ ϳϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶ Ϭ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ KZ^ĞůĞĐƚƌĞĂƐ ϯ͕ϲϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϳϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ KZ^dW;WƌĞƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ŝŐƌ ϱϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Žǁůŝƚǌ;/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚͿ ϴϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Žǁůŝƚǌ;^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƚĞĚͿ ϭ͕ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ E&dŽƵƚůĞ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐ;^ͬĂƌůǇͿ ϭ͕ϮϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁƐ;Eͬ>ĂƚĞͿ ϵϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞ ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů;zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐͿ ϭϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϵϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů;WƌĞƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ

ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϰϬϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϮй ϴϭ͘ϴй Ϭ͘Ϭй ϰϲ͘ϰй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϮϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϲϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϴй ϵϱй ϳϵй ϱϴй

ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ Λ'ŽĂůƐ >ŽůƐƚŽĐŬ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϮϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϴй ϳϱй ϱϳй ϰϰй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϳϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϵϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϭй ϲϮй ϯϳй ϭϴй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;>ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϭϬϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϲϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵϮ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϴй ϵϲй ϴϲй ϳϯй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϭϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϳй ϵϮй ϴϬй ϲϴй

100 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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• •

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 101 ▪ ▪

•ŚƵ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇƐƉĂǁŶĞĚŝŶůŽǁĞƌƌĞĂĐŚĞƐŽĨŵ ƐƚƌĞĂŵƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ ĨƌŽŵĞůŝůŽ&ĂůůƐ͘ • :ƵǀĞŶŝůĞƐŵŝŐƌĂƚĞƐĞĂǁĂƌĚĂƐĨƌǇƐŽŽŶĂĨƚĞƌ ĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŐƌĂǀĞůŝŶůĂƚĞǁŝŶƚĞƌ ĂŶĚĞĂƌůǇƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘ • ŚƵŵŚĂǀĞĚĞĐůŝŶĞĚƚŽǀĞƌǇůŽǁůĞǀĞůƐ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚŝŶŐŽĨĂĨĞǁƐŵĂůůƌĞŵŶĂŶƚ ƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŝƐůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽƐŵĂůůͲ ƐĐĂůĞƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶĞĨĨŽƌƚƐ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϭ͕ϳϲϮ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϭ͕ϳϲϮ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϭϲ͕ϱϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂů DĞĚŐŽĂůϭϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϵ͕ϱϬϬ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ DĞĚŐŽĂů ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůϯϯ͕ϬϬϬϰϲϭ͕ϯϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϵ͕ϱϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϰϲϭ͕ϯϬϬ

Ϭ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ

ϰϬϬ

ϯϬϬ

ϮϬϬ ;ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐͿ

ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌZƵŶ ϭϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϯϴ ϭϵϰϯ ϭϵϰϴ ϭϵϱϯ ϭϵϱϴ ϭϵϲϯ ϭϵϲϴ ϭϵϳϯ ϭϵϳϴ ϭϵϴϯ ϭϵϴϴ ϭϵϵϯ ϭϵϵϴ ϮϬϬϯ ϮϬϬϴ ϮϬϭϯ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;ĨƌǇͿ ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞƐͿ

>Z >ĞǁŝƐZŝǀĞƌ͕ KƌĞŐŽŶ ŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ ϭϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ ƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ͕ Ϭ͘ϲй ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ƵŶĐĂŶ ƌĞĞŬ͕ ϲϮ͕ϬϬϬ

'ƌĂǇƐZŝǀĞƌ͕ϭϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůƐ Ϭ͘ϲй dŽƚĂůƐ ϰϳϯ͕ϬϬϬ

102 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ 'ƌĂǇƐ ϲ͕ϳϲϲ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ ůŽĐŚͬ^ŬĂŵ ϮϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ DŝůůͬďĞƌͬ'Ğƌŵ ϭϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ zŽƵŶŐƐ ϭϱ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ŽĂƐƚ ŝŐ Ϯϵϵ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ůĂƚƐŬĂŶŝĞ ϯ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĐĂƉƉŽŽƐĞ Ϭ ϱϬϬ Žǁůŝƚǌ ϯϬϬ ϭϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϱ͕ϰϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ ϭϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐ ϭϬϬ ϭϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϭϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϯϬϬ

ĂƐĐĂĚĞ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂůͬ/ϮϬϱ ϭ͕ϵϭϭ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ Ϭ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ Ϭ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌŐŽƌŐĞ ϭ͕ϳϴϳ ϳ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ 'ŽƌŐĞ hƉƉĞƌŐŽƌŐĞ ϴϭ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϭ͕ϳϲϮ ϰϲϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϱϬϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ 'ƌĂǇƐZŝǀĞƌ ϭϳϴ Ϭ ϭϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ KƌĞŐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ ͲͲ Ϭ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐZŝǀĞƌ ϴϴ Ϭ ϭϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƵŶĐĂŶƌĞĞŬ ϱϰ Ϭ ϲϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϯϮϬ Ϭ ϰϳϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ Ϭ͘ϲй фϱй ϭϬͲϯϬй ϴϬ ϰϬй

EĂƚƵƌĂů dŽƚĂů Ϭ͘ϲй фϱй ϭϬͲϯϬй ͲͲ ϰϬй

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϮ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dŽDŝĚŽůZ;KEͿ ϭϬϬ ϭϰϬ ϯϰϬ ϲϴϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵͿ ϴϬ ϭϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 103 ▪ ▪

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• •

104 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^•ƚĞ^ƉĂǁŶƐŝŶƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĂƐĐĂĚĞƐĞůŚĞĂĚ ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽǁůŝƚǌƚŽƚŚĞ,ŽŽĚZŝǀĞƌ͘ • KƌĞŐŽŶĂŶĚtĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ ;ĂůůǁŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶͿŝŶĚŽǁŶƐƚƌĞĂŵ ƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐĂƌĞŝŶĂĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚ^h ;^ŽƵƚŚǁĞƐƚtĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶͿ͘ • ǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌĂŶĚ >ĞǁŝƐƌŝǀĞƌƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞďĞŝŶŐ ƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͘ • ^ƉŽƌƚĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĨŽĐƵƐŽŶŵĂƌŬĞĚ ŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇĨŝƐŚŝŶƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌǇƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ͘EŽ ĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůŚĂƌǀĞƐƚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϯ͕ϴϰϲ EĂƚƵƌĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϯ͕ϴϰϲ >ŽǁŐŽĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂůϮϱ͕ϳϱϬ Ϯϱ͕ϳϱϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϯϱ͕ϲϱϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϱ͕ϬϱϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůϯϱ͕ϲϱϬϴϬ͕ϯϬϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϱ͕ϬϱϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϴϬ͕ϯϬϬ

Ϭ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵŵŵĞƌƌƵŶ tŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌDŽƵƚŚZĞƚƵƌŶ

Ϭ ϭϵϲϵ ϭϵϳϰ ϭϵϳϵ ϭϵϴϰ ϭϵϴϵ ϭϵϵϰ ϭϵϵϵ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϵ ϮϬϭϰ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ;tŝŶƚĞƌZƵŶͿ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌZ͕ϲϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ;tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞ ŽǁĞĞŵĂŶZ͕ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ Z͕ϭϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ 'ŶĂƚƌŬ͕ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ Žů dŝůƚŽŶZ͕ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐZ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ ƐƉŽƌƚ͕Ϭ͘ϯй ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĂŐůĞƌŬ͕ Ϭ͘Ϯй ŝŐƌŬ͕ϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶZ͕ ,ŽŽĚZ͕ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ZŽĐŬƌĞĞŬ͕ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ D'͕ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂZ͕ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞZĞƐ͕͘ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ <ůĂƐŬĂŶŝŶĞZ͕ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂůZ͕ ^ĂŶĚǇZ͕ ^ĂůŵŽŶƌŬ͕ ϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐZ͕ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϭ͘ϱй dŽƚĂůƐ ϭ͘ϵ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 105 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ^ƚĂƚĞ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ 'ƌĂǇƐͬŚŝŶŽŽŬ t ϲϬϵ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶͬ^ŬĂŵŽŬĂǁĂ t ϱϱϮ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϲϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ DŝůůͬďĞƌŶĂƚŚǇͬ'ĞƌŵĂŶǇ t ϯϱϳ ϵϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ zŽƵŶŐƐĂǇ KZ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ ϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϳ͕ϰϬϬ

t^hͿ ŝŐƌĞĞŬ KZ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ůĂƚƐŬĂŶŝĞ KZ ϳϲϵ ϵ͕ϰϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ŽĂƐƚtŝŶƚĞƌ;^t ^ĐĂƉƉŽŽƐĞ KZ ϭϬϮ ϭϮ͕ϰϬϬ ϱ͕ϮϬϬ ϳ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ^tt^hƚŽƚĂů ϱ͕ϵϴϵ ϰϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϰϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ t ϯϱϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ hƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌ t ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ Ϯϲϴ ŝƐƉƵƐ t ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ dŝůƚŽŶ t ϮϮϮ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞ^& t ϱϰϮ ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞE& t ϲϮϴ ϲϬϬ ŽǁĞĞŵĂŶ t ϱϯϮ ϵϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ t ϵϭϭ ϴϬϬ ϲϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐE& t ϭϱϬ ϴ͕ϯϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ĂƐĐĂĚĞtŝŶƚĞƌ >ĞǁŝƐ& t ϱϬϰ ϵϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ t ϱϬ ϱϬϬ ϱϬ ϭϬϬ ϮϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ KZ Ϯ͕ϯϭϰ Ϯϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϲϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇ KZ Ϯ͕ϭϲϬ ϭϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů t ϰϰϯ ϴϬϬ ϯϱϬ ϲϬϬ ϵϬϬ >'ŽƌŐĞ KZͲt ϳϱϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ h'ŽƌŐĞ KZͲt ϯϱϭ ϲϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϲϬϬ 'ŽƌŐĞ tŝŶƚĞƌ ,ŽŽĚ KZ ϰϭϵ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂ t ϱϭϯ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐE& t ϭϱϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϱϬ ϯϬϬ ϰϱϬ >ĞǁŝƐ& t ϳϲϮ ϲϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϱϱϬ ϲϬϬ ĂƐĐĂĚĞ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂů t ϲϴϰ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϳϬϬ ϵϬϬ 'ŽƌŐĞ tŝŶĚ t ϳϮϰ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ,ŽŽĚ KZ ϰϭϵ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ tŝŶƚĞƌ ϭϬ͕ϱϵϰ ϲϭ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϵ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϭϬϬ >Z^h ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ϯ͕ϮϱϮ ϭϵ͕ϭϬϬ ϰ͕ϲϱϬ ϱ͕ϴϱϬ ϲ͕ϵϱϬ ůů ϭϯ͕ϴϰϲ ϴϬ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϳϱϬ ϯϱ͕ϲϱϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϱϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ 'ŽĂů WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϯй Ϭ͘ϯй ϯϬ фϮ͘Ϭй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϯϰ ;ŶĂƚƵƌĂůͿ >ZtŝŶƚĞƌ dŽƚĂů Ϭ͘ϱй Ϭ͘ϱй фϮ͘Ϭй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϱϰ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌƐƉŽƌƚ ϱϴ͘Ϭй ϱϴ͘Ϭй ϴϮϬ ≤70% ≤70% ϱϯ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϭ͘Ϯй Ϭ ;ŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͿ >ZtŝŶƚĞƌ dŽƚĂů ϱϴ͘Ϯй ϱϴ͘Ϯй ≤70% ≤70% ϴϮϬ ϱϯ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϰй Ϭ͘ϰй ϭϭ фϮ͘Ϭй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >Z ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϭй Ϭ͘ϭй ϰ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ;ŶĂƚƵƌĂůͿ dŽƚĂů Ϭ͘ϱй Ϭ͘ϱй фϮ͘Ϭй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϭϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ &ƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌƐƉŽƌƚ ϱϱ͘Ϭй ϱϱ͘Ϭй Ϯ͕ϬϲϬ ≤70% ≤70% ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ >Z ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϭй Ϭ͘ϭй ϰϬ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ;ŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͿ dŽƚĂů ϱϱ͘ϭй ϱϱ͘ϭй ≤70% ≤70% Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ

106 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŝŐƌŬ ϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐZ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ 'ŶĂƚƌŬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽǁĞĞŵĂŶZ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌZ ϲϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌŽǁůŝƚǌZ ϭϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ dŝůƚŽŶZ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĂŐůĞƌŬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶZ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ D' ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂZ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ

tŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶ <ůĂƐŬĂŶŝŶĞZ ϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐZ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶƌŬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇZ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂůZ ϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞZĞƐ͘ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ZŽĐŬƌĞĞŬ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŽŽĚZ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϭ͕ϵϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕Ϭϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐZ ϭϮϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ŽǁůŝƚǌZ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϮϲ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŚŽŵĂŶZ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ĂůĂŵĂZ ϴϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞǁŝƐZ Ϯϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂŶĚǇZ ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƵƚůĞ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵŵŵĞƌƌƵŶ tĂƐŚŽƵŐĂůZ ϲϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŽŽĚ Ϭ Ϭ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϭ͕Ϯϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ Λ'ŽĂůƐ ZĞĐĞŶƚ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϱй ϲϭй ϰϵй ϰϬй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϴй ϰϭй Ϯϵй ϮϮй

>Zͬ^tttŝŶƚĞƌ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϭϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϳй ϵϱй ϴϭй ϲϲй ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϯ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϰй ϵϮй ϴϴй ϴϯй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ Ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϳй ϴϯй ϳϳй ϲϴй >Z^ƵŵŵĞƌ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ Ϯϰ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϬϬ ϮϱϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϵй ϵϵй ϵϳй ϵϭй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 107 ▪ ▪

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108 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 109 110 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^•Ɖƌ/ŶŚĂďŝƚƐŵŝĚƚŽŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶƐƚƌĞĂŵƐŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬ ĚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĂƐĐĂĚĞƐĂŶĚ ǁĞƐƚůƵĞDŽƵŶƚĂŝŶƐ͘ • KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŚĞĂůƚŚŝĞƐƚƐƉƌŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬƐŝŶ ƚŚĞďĂƐŝŶǁŝƚŚƐĞǀĞƌĂůǀŝĂďůĞŽƌ ŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞůǇǀŝĂďůĞƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘ • >ŝŵŝƚĞĚŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘ • ^ĞǀĞƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚďǇƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌǇ ĚĂŵƐĂƌĞďĞŝŶŐƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϵ͕ϲϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϵ͕ϲϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂůϭϱ͕ϳϱϬ ϭϱ͕ϳϱϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů Ϯϲ͕ϴϳϱ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůϮϲ͕ϴϳϱ ϭϬϯ͕ϳϬϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϬϯ͕ϳϬϬ

Ϭ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ hZΘ^ŶĂŬĞ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ DZĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

^ƉƌŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůĞĂŵ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϭϵϵϱ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϱ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ;tĂƌŵ ;EĂƚƵƌĂůǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞƐͿ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐͿ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;ZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ ĨƌǇͿ͕ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿ͕ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů͕ ;ZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͘Ϭй ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ͕ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂ tĂůůĂ͕ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ ϮϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;^ŬĂŵĂŶŝĂͿ͕ ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ͕ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dƌĞĂƚǇ͕ ,ŽŽĚZ͕͘ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͘ϰй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ >͘tŚŝƚĞ EŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ Ϯ͘Ϯй tŝŶĚZ͘;ĂƌƐŽŶͿ͕ ^ĂůŵŽŶ͕ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϰ͘ϱй dŽƚĂů ƐŵŽůƚƐ͗ ϯ͕ϬϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĨƌǇ͗ ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 111 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚZ͘ ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϵϳϱ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ tĂƌŵ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ

ĂƐƚ DĞƚŽůŝƵƐZ͘ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕Ϭϳϱ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ

ĂƐĐĂĚĞ ϭϬϬ hĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϬϮϱ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ h͘ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ EŽƌƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϳ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ĂǇ :ŽŚŶ DŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬ ϳϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂZ͘ ϯϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϱϬ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂƵƉƉĞƌ ϰ͕ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂͲDŝůůƌ Ϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϵϳϱ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ůƵĞ ϮϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ^&Ŭ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϴϳϱ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ DŽƵŶƚĂŝŶƐ dŽƵĐŚĞƚ ϴ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϳϱϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ h͘ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϰ͕ϲϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ EĂĐŚĞƐͬŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϰϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϲϱϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϬϯ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϳϱϬ Ϯϲ͕ϴϳϱ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ ϱϬϬ ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϱϰϵ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ;ZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞͿ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϳϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ;tĂƌŵ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐͿ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

^h hŵĂƚŝůůĂ;hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ ϮϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ DŝĚŽůƵŵďŝĂ zĂŬŝŵĂ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϯ͕ϬϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ >͘tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶΎ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝŶĚZ͘;ĂƌƐŽŶͿΎ ϭ͕ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϭ͕ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ

>Z^h ,ŽŽĚZ͘Ύ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ͲͲ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯ͕ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ Ϯ͕ϰϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ;ǀŽůZͿ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϭ Ϭ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ Ϯ͘Ϯй ϯϬϬ ϱ͘ϱͲϭϳй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϵ͘ϰй ϮϬͲϲϬй ϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ϯ͘Ϭй ϰϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů dŽƚĂů ϭϰ͘ϱй ϱ͘ϱͲϭϳй ϮϬͲϲϬй ϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭй ͲͲ Ϭ Ϭ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϬ͘ϯй ͲͲ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ ΕϳϬй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϵ͘ϰй ͲͲ ϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϱϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ϱ͘Ϭй ͲͲ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ dŽƚĂů Ϯϰ͘ϲй ͲͲ ΕϳϬй ϭϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϱϬϬ

112 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϯͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϱϵ͕ϰϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϮϬϬ ϴϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϮ͕ϮϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϵ͕ϴϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϴϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϳ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϮϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϵй ϳϬй ϱϲй ϰϰй dŽDŝĚŽůZ;KEͿ ϱϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϲϮ͕ϯϬϬ ϳϳ͕ϴϬϬ ϵϳ͕ϴϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϮϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϴϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϬй ϲϵй ϱϭй ϯϱй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϰϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϲϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϲϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϴй ϲϴй ϰϴй Ϯϴй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůƵŵďŝĂĂƐŝŶͿ ϭϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϳϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϲϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϲϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϱϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϲй ϳϴй ϲϴй ϱϳй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 113 ▪ ▪

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• •

114 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^•ƵŵŽŶƐŝƐƚƐŽĨŵĞƌͬ&ĂůůĂƐŝŶŐůĞƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶŽĐĐƵƌŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬ ŝŶƚŚĞĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZŝǀĞƌ͘ • hƉƌŝǀĞƌďƌŝŐŚƚƐƚŽĐŬƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝǀĞ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌŽůƵŵďŝĂ͘ • ^ƉĂǁŶŝŶŐŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZŝǀĞƌǁŚĞƌĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶŵĂǇ ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƐůŝŐŚƚůǇƚƌƵŶĐĂƚĞĚďǇWĞůƚŽŶ ĂŶĚZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞĚĂŵƐ͘ • EŽŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬ ŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZŝǀĞƌ͘ • ZĂŶŐĞƐǁŝĚĞůǇŝŶƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĂŶĚŝƐ ŚĂƌǀĞƐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐEŽƌƚŚǁĞƐƚƚŽ ĂŶĂĚĂĂŶĚůĂƐŬĂ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϭ͕ϱϬϬϭϭ͕ϱϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϰ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů DĞĚŐŽĂůϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dĞƌŵŝŶĂůŚĂƌǀĞƐƚ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϱ͕ϬϬϬ &ĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬƚŽĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZŝǀĞƌ

Ϭ ϭϵϳϳ ϭϵϴϬ ϭϵϴϯ ϭϵϴϲ ϭϵϴϵ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϱ ϭϵϵϴ ϮϬϬϭ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϯ ϮϬϭϲ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ;EĂƚƵƌĂůZͿ DŝĚͲ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ&ĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ͕ϭϮ͘ϯй hŵĂƚŝůůĂ;ŽŶŶͬ͘hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿΎ͕ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ͕Ϯ͘ϱй ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ ;>t^E&,ͿΎ͕ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ͕ϰ͘Ϯй <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚZ ;<ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚͿΎ͕ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Žů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ ϯ͘ϳй >tŚŝƚĞ ^ĂůŵŽŶ ;tŝůůĂƌĚͿΎ͕ ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ϳ͘Ϯй ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞWŽŽů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ͕ ;^ƉƌŝŶŐƌŬͿΎ͕ ϮϬ͘ϴй dĞƌŵŝŶĂůƐƉŽƌƚΘ ϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ϰ͘ϭй

dŽƚĂůƐ ϱϰ͘ϴй dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯϭ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 115 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ DŝĚͲ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZŝǀĞƌ ϭϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ^ƚŽĐŬ ƌŽŽĚ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZ ͲͲ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ;>t^E&,ͿΎ ďƌŝŐŚƚ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ;tŝůůĂƌĚͿΎ ďƌŝŐŚƚ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞWŽŽů;^ƉƌŝŶŐƌŬͿΎ ƚƵůĞ ϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚZ;<ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚͿΎ ďƌŝŐŚƚ Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ;ŽŶŶͬ͘hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿΎ ďƌŝŐŚƚ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů Ϯ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ΎEŽŶͲ^hŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨ&ĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲŽůƵŵďŝĂƌĞŐŝŽŶ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϮϬ͘ϴй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ ϭϮ͘ϯй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϲϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϳϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϰ͘Ϯй ϲ͘ϱй ϰϬͲϴϬй ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ϯ͘ϳй ϱ͘ϴй Ϯϭ͘ϱͲϰϱй ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϰϬϬ

tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϳ͘Ϯй ϭϭ͘Ϯй Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂůƐƉŽƌƚΘƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϰ͘ϭй ϲ͘ϯй ϭ͕ϮϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϱϰ͘ϴй Ϯϵ͘ϴй ϯϬͲϳϬй ϰϬͲϴϬй ϭϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϳϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй dŽDŝĚŽůZ;KEͿ ϭϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй ƐĐĂƉĞ;^ƉĂǁŶĞƌƐͿ ϭϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϳϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϱ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϰϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϭϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϱ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϱ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй

116 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 117 ▪ ▪

•ŽŚΗhƉƌŝǀĞƌΗŽŚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞĨŝƐŚƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŽŽ ĂƌĞĂƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŵŝĚĚůĞŽůƵŵďŝĂ͕ƵƉƉĞƌ ŽůƵŵďŝĂĂŶĚ^ŶĂŬĞƌŝǀĞƌƐͿ͘ • 'ŽƌŐĞƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐĂƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞůŽǁĞƌ ŽůƵŵďŝĂ^h͘ • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵ dŚĞĂůůĞƐĂŵďƵƚƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ ƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͘ • ƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞůǇŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇŽƌŝŐŝŶ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ŶŽƚĂǀĂŝů EĂƚƵƌĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ŶŽƚĂǀĂŝů DĞĚŐŽĂů>ŽǁŐŽĂů ϱϳ͕ϴϬϬϮϰ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϱϳ͕ϴϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϵϲ͕ϵϬϬϵϲ͕ϵϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϭϵ͕ϱϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϭϵ͕ϱϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬϬ

ϮϬϬ ;ƚŚŽƵŝƐĂŶĚƐͿ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵŽƵŶƚ ϭϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϳϬ ϭϵϳϱ ϭϵϴϬ ϭϵϴϱ ϭϵϵϬ ϭϵϵϱ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϱ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƌĞůĞĂƐĞƐ;ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ;dŽƚĂů,ĂƌǀĞƐƚͿ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ϭ͕ϬϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ͕ >ŽůZ͕ 'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ͕ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ͕ ϭϴ͘ϰй ϭϳ͘ϲй ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

DĞƚŚŽǁ͕ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ͕ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ ;<ͬĂŶͿ͕ zĂŬŝŵĂ͕ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ͘ϳй hƉƌŝǀĞƌ;ϲŽůͿ͕ϭϬ͘ϳй

dŽƚĂů ϰϳй dŽƚĂů ϴ͘ϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

118 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ ;^hͿͬ;DW'Ϳ WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ :ŽŚŶĂǇ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϲ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϮϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ ϱ͕Ϭϯϵ ŶĂ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ DŝĚŽůƵŵďŝĂ zĂŬŝŵĂ ϴϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ ϰϴϱ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ƐƵďƚŽƚĂů ϲ͕ϯϮϰ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϱϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ϯϲϳ ϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ŶƚŝĂƚ ŶĂ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌ DĞƚŚŽǁ Ϯϱ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůƵŵďŝĂ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ďǀ͘ŽƵůĞĞ Ϭ ŶĂ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ ƐƵďƚŽƚĂů ϯϵϮ ϰϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ 'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ ŶĂ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞ /ŵŶĂŚĂ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϳ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐƵďƚŽƚĂů ŶĂ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϰϬϬ dŽƚĂů ŶĂ ϯϭϵ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϳ͕ϴϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϵϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϳϵϵ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϯϳϳ d zĂŬŝŵĂ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϯϳϰ Ϭ͘ϰϬͲϭ͘Ϭŵŝů DĞƚŚŽǁ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϵϵ Ϭ͘ϯϱͲϭ͘Ϭŵŝů 'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ ϭ͕ϬϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϳϯ d ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů;hƉƌŝǀĞƌͿ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϱϮϮ ϳ͘ϮϬͲϴ͘ϰϱŵŝů

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ĂǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ Ϭ͘ϳй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ ϭϴ͘ϰй ͲͲ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ≤70% >ŽůZ ϭϳ͘ϲй ϮϮ͘Ϭй ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů hƉƌŝǀĞƌ;ϲŽůͿ ϭϬ͘ϳй ϭϮ͘ϵй ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͬ dŽƚĂů ϰϳ͘ϯй ϯϰ͘ϵй ≤70% ϱϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϵ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϰϬϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϮй ϴϭ͘ϴй ϲϯ͘ϴй ϰϲ͘ϰй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ƚŽƚĂůͿ ϮϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϲϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϴй ϵϱй ϳϵй ϱϴй

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ͘ Λ'ŽĂůƐ hƉƌŝǀĞƌZƵŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϮϴ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƌŝǀĞƌZƵŶ;ΛŽŶŶĂŵͿ ϭϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϬϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽŶĞϲͿ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 119 ▪ ▪

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120 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

•^Ž,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶǁĂƐĞǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚ͘ĐŬĞǇĞ • ŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨĂďĂƌƌŝĞƌĂƚ^ƵƚƚůĞ>ĂŬĞ ŽƵƚůĞƚŝŶϭϵϬϬƐĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂƚĞƌĐŽŵƉůĞƚŝŽŶŽĨ

WĞůƚŽŶZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞĂŵĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝŶϭϵϲϬƐ Miles ďůŽĐŬĞĚĂŶĂĚƌŽŵŽƵƐƉĂƐƐĂŐĞƚŽƚŚĞ 0 5 10 15 20 ƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ͘ . . Buck H R oll • ŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇƐƉĂǁŶŝŶŐƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶŽĨ te B ow hi . ak Cr eo v . W en ŬŽŬĂŶĞĞ;ůĂŶĚͲůŽĐŬĞĚƐŽĐŬĞǇĞͿĞǆŝƐƚƐŝŶ Cr.

Wa ^ƵƚƚůĞ>ĂŬĞĂŶĚ>ŝŶŬƌĞĞŬĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŝŶ rm . >ĂŬĞŝůůǇŚŝŶŽŽŬ͘ O R E G O N S ring . • ZĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĨƐŽĐŬĞǇĞƵƐŝŶŐŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ p s R T rou Regulating t ƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶŝƐďĞŝŶŐĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚƵŶĚĞƌ Dam C Pelton r. Dam &ZůŝĐĞŶƐŝŶŐĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚĨŽƌWĞůƚŽŶZŽƵŶĚ M e to l Round Butte iu ƵƚƚĞ͘ s Dam R.

. r Opal Springs C Dam ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϯϲ w a u . S q ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϯϲ R C r o d R. . s oke >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ e >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ t Ochoco Dam u h DĞĚŐŽĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ c s DĞĚŐŽĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ e ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϳ͕ϱϬϬ D T Bowman Dam ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ um r. ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϳ͕ϱϬϬ a l o C .

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬϬ

ϱϬϬ ĨĨĞĐƚƐŽĨ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϬϬ ^ƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƚŝŽŶĨĨŽƌƚ ϯϬϬ

ϮϬϬ WĞůƚŽŶdƌĂƉZĞƚƵƌŶ

ϭϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϵϵ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϭ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϯ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϬϴ ϮϬϬϵ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϭ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϯ ϮϬϭϰ ϮϬϭϱ ϮϬϭϲ ϮϬϭϳ ϮϬϭϴ

,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞƐͿ

DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ŶŽŶƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ dƌĞĂƚǇ͕ Ϭ͘ϰй Ϯ͘ϵй

dŽƚĂůƐ ϯ͘ϯй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 121 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ;ŵĞĂŶͿ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ DŝĚͲŽů ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ ϯϲ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ͲͲ ͲͲ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵŶŽŶƚƌĞĂƚǇ Ϭ͘ϰй Ϭ ϱͲϳй ůů DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ Ϯ͘ϵй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϯ Ϭ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ dŽƚĂů ϯ͘ϯй ϱͲϳй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϯ Ϭ

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϵͲϮϬϭϴͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϵϭ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐƌĞƚƵƌŶ ϴϴ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵͿ ϯ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ

122 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

•

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 123 ▪ ▪

^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ • /ŶŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐůŽǁƚŽŵŝĚͲĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶƐƚƌĞĂŵƐ ĚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĂƐĐĂĚĞƐĂŶĚǁĞƐƚ ůƵĞŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶƐ͘ • /ŶĐůƵĚĞƐǀŝĂďůĞĂŶĚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞůǇǀŝĂďůĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚŝƐĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞůŝƐƚĞĚ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĐůŽƐĞƐƚƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŝƐůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽĂĨĞǁ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘ • ^ĞǀĞƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚďǇƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌǇ ĚĂŵƐ͕ĂƌĞďĞŝŶŐƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϴ͕ϭϱϱ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϴ͕ϭϱϱ>ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϭ͕ϮϱϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϰϯ͕ϯϱϬEĂƚƵƌĂů ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϲϵ͕ϭϱϬWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůϮϭ͕ϮϱϬ ϭϯϮ͕ϴϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ

DĞĚŐŽĂů ϰϯ͕ϯϱϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϲϵ͕ϭϱϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϯϮ͕ϴϬϬ

Ϭ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ hŽůΘ^ŶĂŬĞZĚĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ DŝĚͲŽůĚĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ Ϭ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ tŝůĚͬEĂƚů͘ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞͿ WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;^ŵŽůƚƐͿ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ;ZŽƵŶĚ ;hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿ͕ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ƵƚƚĞͿ͕ϭϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ EŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ ϭ͘Ϯй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ dƌĞĂƚǇ͕ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ ϲ͘ϯй ;^ŬĂŵĂŶŝĂͿ͕ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ DĐEĂƌǇZĞƐ͘ ;ZŝŶŐŽůĚͿ͕ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dĞƌŵŝŶĂů͕ dŽƵĐŚĞƚ Ϯй ;>ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇͿ͕ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂ tĂůůĂ ;>ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇͿ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůƐ ϵ͘ϱй dŽƚĂů ƐŵŽůƚƐ͗ Ϭ͘ϵ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

124 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶZ͘ ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚZ͘ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ &ŝĨƚĞĞŶŵŝůĞƌ͘ ϰϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZ͘ĞĂƐƚ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐZ͘ǁĞƐƚ ϲϬϬ ϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ

ĂƐĐĂĚĞ^ůŽƉĞ ƌŽŽŬĞĚZ͘ Ϭ ϭϰ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϱϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϵϬϬ ZŽĐŬƌ͘ ϰϱϱ ϲϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϱϱϬ ϲϬϬ >͘ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϱϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϲ͕ϳϱϬ EŽƌƚŚ&ŽƌŬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϳϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ DŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ

:ŽŚŶĂǇ ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ϴϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭϬϬϬ ϭϱϬϬ h͘ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϳϬϬ ϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůůŽǁƌ͘ Ϭ ͲͲ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂZ͘ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂZ͘ ϵϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ

hŵĂƚŝůůĂͲ ϭϲ͕ϱϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ dŽƵĐŚĞƚZ͘ ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ^ĂƚƵƐƌ͘ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƉƉĞŶŝƐŚƌ͘ ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϮϱϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ EĂĐŚĞƐZ͘ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϴ͕ϰϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϯ͕ϰϱϬ ϱ͕ϰϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ h͘ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϮϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϳ͕ϳϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϴ͕ϭϱϱ ϭϯϮ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϮϱϬ ϰϯ͕ϯϱϬ ϲϵ͕ϭϱϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞͬ>tŚŝƚĞ^ĂůŵŽŶΎ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŽŽĚΎ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ <ůŝĐŬŝƚĂƚ;^ŬĂŵĂŶŝĂͿ ϭϰϰ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ ĞƐĐŚƵƚĞƐ;ZŽƵŶĚƵƚƚĞͿ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ hŵĂƚŝůůĂ;hŵĂƚŝůůĂͿ ϭϭϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϳϱϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ DĐEĂƌǇZĞƐ͘;ZŝŶŐŽůĚͿ ϯϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ;>ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇͿ ϯϱ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƵĐŚĞƚ;>ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇͿ ϴϴ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭ͕ϳϳϳ ϴϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϮϱϬ ϴϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ύ>ŽǁĞƌŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌ^h;ĐŽƵŶƚĞĚŝŶŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵƌĞƚƵƌŶͿ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 125 ▪ ▪

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭ͘Ϯй ϳϬϬ ϭϱͲϮϮй ϮϬͲϱϬй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲ͘ϯй Ϯ͕ϴϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϰϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů Ϯй ϴϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů dŽƚĂů ϵ͘ϱй ϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϰϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϯй ϳ͕ϭϬϬ ΕϳϬй ΕϳϬй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲй ϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϲϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ϮϬй ϭϮ͕ϭϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϯϵй ΕϳϬй ΕϳϬй ϮϮ͕ϱϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϲϬϬ

ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ƌĞĐĞŶƚ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϬϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϲϯ͕ϳϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϳϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϳй ϱϯй Ϯϳй ϭϮй dŽDŝĚŽůZ;KEͿ ϵϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϰ͕ϰϬϬ Ϯϯϰ͕ϭϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϵ͕ϰϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϭϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϲй ϱϮй Ϯϲй ϭϭй >ŽĐĂůƌĞƚƵƌŶ;ƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌǇĞŶƚƌǇͿ ϴϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϰϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϰϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϱϰй ϱϬй Ϯϯй ϭϬй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ Ϯϲ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϯϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϬϯ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϴϬϬ ϴϬ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϮ͕ϱϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϲϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϰй ϴϮй ϰϴй ϮϮй

126 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

• • •

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 127 128 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force UPPER COLUMBIA Spring Chinook ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Stream rearing

S•prCurrently inhabits large tributaries ing Chinook upstream from Priest Rapids Dam. • Spawning occurs in mid to high elevation reaches • A portion of the historical habitat upstream from Chief Joseph and Grand Totals Coulee dams is not currently accessible under current management. • This stock ranges widely in the ocean along the Pacific Coast where it is not subject to fisheries.

CurrentCurrent1,430 1,430 Low goal 11,500 Med goal 19,842 Low goal 11,500 High goal 30,138 Natural Production Historical 259,432 Med goal 19,842

High goal 30,138

Historical 259,432

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 Spawning Escapement

Current Fishery Distribution Current Hatchery Production (smolts) of Wild/Natural Impacts (v Col R) Methow, Col R (Wells 624,000 Mainstem 1.7% pool), 700,000 Non-trty, 10.1% 3.1% 1.7% Mainstem Trty, 10.1% Okanogan, 200,000

Terminal, 3.1% Wenatchee, 1,570,000

Totals 14.8% Totals 3.0 million

133 Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 129 UPPER COLUMBIA Spring Chinook ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Stream rearing

Natural Production Abundance Potential Goal Range MPG Population Recent Historical Low Med High Methow 430 24,000 2,000 2,698 4,047 Wenatchee 680 20,650 2,000 2,714 4,071 Entiat 220 3,400 500 680 1,020

N Cascades Okanogan (US) 100 14,125 500 750 1,500 Blocked area 0 197,257 6,500 13,000 19,500 Totals 1,430 259,432 11,500 19,842 30,138

Hatchery Production Current Production Return Anticipated Location (Program) Brood Yearlings goal production Methow 340 624,000 624,000 Okanogan 140 200,000 200,000 Wenatchee 1,087 1,570,000 1,570,000 Col R (Wells pool) 486 700,000 700,000 New (blocked area) 0 0 0.7 - 13.5 million Subtotal 2,053 3,094,000 3.8-16.6 million

Fisheries / Harvest Exploitation rate (v Col R) Harvest Location Avg. Limits Potential 10-yr avg Potential Ocean -- 0% ------Mainstem Non-trty v Col R. 1.7% 60 5.5-17% Mainstem Trty v Col R. 10.1% 390 20-60% 46,500 Terminal v PRD 4.0% 2-6% 120

Wild/Natural Blocked area 0% -- -- Total v Col R. 14.8% 7.5-23% 20-60% 570 46,500 Ocean -- 0 ------Mainstem Non-trty v Col R. 12.1% -- 2,350 Mainstem Trty v Col R. 10.1% -- 1,750 ≤70% 72,900 Terminal v PRD 10.0% -- 1,340 Hatchery Blocked area 0% -- 0 Total v Col R. 32.2% ≤70% 5,440 72,900

Recent avg @ Goals Total Return (2008-2017) Low Med High @ Columbia R Mouth 23,240 50,300 87,300 220,500 Wild/Natural 3,840 30,900 63,400 116,300 Hatchery 19,400 19,400 23,900 104,200 % hatchery 83% 39% 27% 47% To Bonneville Dam 20,880 47,500 79,600 174,800 Wild/Natural 3,780 30,400 61,400 110,700 Hatchery 17,100 17,100 18,200 64,100 % hatchery 82% 36% 23% 37% To Upper Col R (PRD) 16,360 37,200 55,500 105,500 Wild/Natural 2,960 23,800 42,800 67,800 Hatchery 13,400 13,400 12,700 37,700 % hatchery 82% 36% 23% 36% Escapement 7,530 17,600 24,900 43,100 Wild/Natural 1,430 11,500 19,800 30,100 Hatchery 6,100 6,100 5,100 13,000 % hatchery 81% 35% 20% 30% Harvest (Col Basin) 5,970 10,000 29,600 119,400 Wild/Natural 570 4,600 17,800 46,500 Hatchery 5,400 5,400 11,800 72,900 % hatchery 90% 54% 40% 61%

134 130 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force UPPER COLUMBIA Spring Chinook ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Stream rearing

Notes - Natural Production Distribution: Historically distributed in Wenatchee, Entiat, Methow, and Okanogan subbasins as well as currently-blocked areas upstream from Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee Dams. The Okanogan population was historically extirpated; the other three populations are extant. At least 3 populations were historically assumed to occur upstream from Chief Joseph Dam (Spokane, Hangman, Sanpoil, Kettle/Colville, Kootenay and headwaters).

Historical abundance: Based on combination of harvest/consumption-based estimates by Upper Columbia River tribes and EDT-based estimates under assumed historical conditions.

Current abundance: Based on spawning surveys.

Goals:

• Low: Based on recovery plan goals. In some cases, modeled abundance identified by the recovery plan is less than the minimum abundance threshold (MAT) identified by the Interior Columbia Technical Recovery Team – in these cases, the modeled abundance is used. Value for blocked areas is equal to the minimum abundance threshold for six assumed historical populations upstream from Chief Joseph Dam – this number is intended to represent numbers of fish that would be available to Colville and Spokane Tribes in historical fishing areas under conditions equivalent to minimum viability of historical populations. • Medium: Based on modeled equilibrium abundance using EDT model assuming implementation of a suite of habitat restoration actions as reported in the recovery plan appendix. Value for blocked areas is intermediate between low and high values. • High: Generally based on 1.5 times medium goal. Okanogan value is default three times low goal. Value for blocked areas is default three times low goal.

Provisional goals are identified for salmon and steelhead returning to the Columbia River upstream of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams. The intent of these goals is to restore meaningful fishing opportunities in areas of historical use by the Colville and Spokane tribes. Goals represent only returns to areas upstream from Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams and do not apportion production into specific populations or geographic areas. See Chapter 10 for further explanation.

135 Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 131 ▪ ▪

^•ƵŵƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇŝŶŚĂďŝƚƐŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵĂŶĚůĂƌŐĞŵĞƌŚŝŶŽŽŬ ƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵŽĨWƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐĂŵ͘ • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵŚŝĞĨ :ŽƐĞƉŚĂŶĚ'ƌĂŶĚŽƵůĞĞĚĂŵƐŝƐŶŽƚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞƵŶĚĞƌĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĂƐƐƵŵĞĚ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƚŚĂƚŽĨƐƉƌŝŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬ͘ • WĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƵŶůŝƐƚĞĚƵƉƉĞƌŽůƵŵďŝĂ dŽƚĂůƐ ƐƵŵŵĞƌͬĨĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬ^h͕ǁŚŝĐŚĂůƐŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚďƌŝŐŚƚĨĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬ͘ • ZĂŶŐĞƐǁŝĚĞůǇŝŶƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞ WĂĐŝĨŝĐŽĂƐƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽ ĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐEŽƌƚŚǁĞƐƚƚŽ ĂŶĂĚĂĂŶĚůĂƐŬĂ͘ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϲ͕ϵϮϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭϲ͕ϵϮϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϵ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶϳϴ͕ϯϱϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϯϭ͕ϯϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϲϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϳϴ͕ϯϱϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϯϭ͕ϯϬϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϲϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ŽůZDŽƵƚŚZƵŶ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;EĂƚƵƌĂůΘ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͿ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϴϬ ϭϵϴϱ ϭϵϵϬ ϭϵϵϱ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϱ

&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞǀKĐĞĂŶĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞͿ WĞŶƚŝĐƚŽŶ͕ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚ ;ƌǇĚĞŶͿ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ;ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵͿ͕ KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ͕ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ͕ Ϯϴ͘ϵй ϲ͘ϳй ŶƚŝĂƚ͕ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ;ŚŝĞĨ ŶŽŶƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ :ŽƐĞƉŚͿ͕ ϱ͘ϲй ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŚĞůĂŶ&ĂůůƐ͕ ϱϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ DĞƚŚŽǁͬĂƌůƚŽŶ͕ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů͕ϱ͘ϳй ƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ϭϯ͘ϵй ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞůůƐ͕ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϲϭй dŽƚĂů;ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ϯ͘ϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

132 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ DĞƚŚŽǁ ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϰ͕ϰϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ϱ͕ϵϱϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϳϬϬ ϴ͕ϲϬϬ ŶƚŝĂƚ ϮϰϬ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ;h^Ϳ ϱ͕ϭϱϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϰϬϬ ĂƐĐĂĚĞƐ ŚĞůĂŶ ϴϴϬ Ϭ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϯϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵŽůƵŵďŝĂ ϯ͕ϮϬϬ Ϭ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ zĂŬŝŵĂ ϭϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ ϱϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϲ͕ϵϮϬ ϲϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϴ͕ϯϱϬ ϭϯϭ͕ϯϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚ;ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵͿ ϱϬϯ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ;ŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚͿ ϲϭϲ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ DĞƚŚŽǁͬĂƌůƚŽŶ ϭϭϴ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞůůƐ ϰϵϰ ϯϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϴϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ŚĞůĂŶ&ĂůůƐ ϯϱϴ ϱϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϱϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ ŶƚŝĂƚ ϮϭϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ;ƌǇĚĞŶͿ ϮϲϮ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ WĞŶƚŝĐƚŽŶ ϲ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ EĞǁ;ďůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂͿ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ϮϬͲϯϱƚŚŽƵ Ϭ͘ϵͲϭϴŵŝů ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů Ϯ͕ϱϲϳ ϯ͕ϯϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϴϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ͳ ϱ͘ϰͲϮϮ͘ϱŵŝů

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů EŽǁ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ Ϯϴ͘ϵй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϯϱ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;h^Ϳ ϲ͘ϳй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ͕ϮϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵŶŽŶƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϱ͘ϲй ϴ͘ϲй ϲ͕ϳϬϬ ϱ͘ϮͲϱϬй ϰϬͲϴϬй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϯ͘ϵй Ϯϭ͘ϲй ϭϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ϱ͘ϳй ϴ͘ϵй ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ͘Ϭй Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ EĂƚƵƌĂůͬ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ dŽƚĂů ϲϭй ϯϵй ϰϬͲϴϬй ϳϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϯϲϵ͕ϬϬϬ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϳϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϲ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϯй ϰϬй ϯϴй dŽŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϳϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϰй ϰϬй ϯϴй dŽhƉƉĞƌŽůZ;WZͿ ϱϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲϯ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϭ͕ϭϮϬ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϭ͕ϲϴϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϵ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϰй ϰϬй ϯϴй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϯϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϭ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϯй ϰϬй ϯϴй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůĂƐŝŶͿ ϯϭ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϮ͕ϰϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϴ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϯй ϰϬй ϯϴй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϳϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϲϵ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϵ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϰ͕ϲϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϵ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬй ϳϰй ϰϬй ϯϴй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 133 ▪ ▪

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134 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

&•Ăů/ŶĐůƵĚĞƐ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚƌŝŐŚƚĨĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬ͕ǁŚŝĐŚůŚŝŶŽŽŬ ĂƌĞĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚĂŶĚŵŽƐƚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝǀĞƐĂůŵŽŶƐƚŽĐŬƐƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞ ŽůƵŵďŝĂĂƐŝŶ͘ • dŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬƐƉĂǁŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƵŶŝŵƉŽƵŶĚĞĚ ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ZŝĐŚůĂŶĚ͕tĂŶĚŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚĂŵ͘ • &ŝƐŚĂůƐŽƐƉĂǁŶĞĚŝŶĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇͲŝŶĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ ƉŽƌƚŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƌŝǀĞƌƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵŚŝĞĨ :ŽƐĞƉŚĂŵ͘ • dŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬƌĂŶŐĞƐǁŝĚĞůǇŝŶƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĂůŽŶŐ ƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐŽĂƐƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐEŽƌƚŚǁĞƐƚƚŽ ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĂĚĂĂŶĚůĂƐŬĂ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϵϮ͕ϰϬϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϵϮ͕ϰϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϵ͕ϮϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϲϮ͕Ϯϭϱ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂůϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϴϯϱ EĂƚƵƌĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϲϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϲϮ͕Ϯϭϱ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϴϳ͕ϴϯϱ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϲϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůZZƵŶ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚƐĐĂƉĞ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ĚƵůƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϴϲ ϭϵϴϴ ϭϵϵϬ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϰ ϭϵϵϲ ϭϵϵϴ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϬϴ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϰ ϮϬϭϲ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ;ƐƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐͿ ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞǀƐ͘KĐĞĂŶĚƵůƚƐͿ

ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ͕ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ZŝŶŐŽůĚ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ zĂŬŝŵĂZ͕ ϭϰ͘ϱй ƐƉŽƌƚ͕ϯ͘ϯй ;ŽůZͿ͕ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ ϯ͘ϳй

ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ͕ KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ͕ ϰ͘Ϯй ϮϬ͘ϴй KĐĞĂŶ ;tͬKZͿ͕ Ϯ͘ϱй WƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐ͕ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ͕ ϳ͕ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͘ϯй

dŽƚĂů ϲϭ͘ϯй dŽƚĂů ϭϯ͘Ϭ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 135 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚ ϳϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϵϱϬ ϱϭ͕ϭϴϴ zĂŬŝŵĂZ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ WZͲ: Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hZ&Ăůů ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϳϲϱ Ϯϯ͕ϲϰϴ dŽƚĂůƐ ϵϮ͕ϰϬϬ ϲϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϲϮ͕Ϯϭϱ ϴϳ͕ϴϯϱ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ WƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐ Ϭ ϳ͕ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳ͕ϯϳϲ ZŝŶŐŽůĚ^ƉƌŝŶŐƐ;ŽůZͿ Ϭ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂZ ϮϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĞǁ;:ŽŚŶĂǇDŝƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶͿ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ϱϰ͕ϭϮϲ Ϭ͘ϮϳͲϬ͘ϱϰŵŝů ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϳ͕ϯϳϲ ϮϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϯ͕ϭϮϲ Ϯϰ͘ϱͲϮϵ͘ϲŵŝů

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϮϬ͘ϴй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ ϭϮ͘ϯй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϲϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϮϮϱ͕ϱϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϭϯ͕ϯϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϰ͘Ϯй ϲ͘ϱй Ϯϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϰϬͲϴϬй ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ϯ͘ϳй ϱ͘ϴй Ϯϭ͘ϱͲϰϱй ϮϬ͕ϵϬϬ ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϰ͘ϱй ϮϮ͘ϱй ϳϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϲϯ͕ϲϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂůƐƉŽƌƚ ϯ͘ϯй ϱ͘Ϯй ϭϳ͕ϴϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ,ĂƚĐŚͬEĂƚů dŽƚĂů ϲϭ͘ϯй ϯϵ͘ϵй ϰϬͲϴϬй ϰϬͲϴϬй ϯϮϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϴϵ͕ϭϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϯϰϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϯϭ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯϱϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϬϴ͕ϮϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϮϴ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϯϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϭϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϭϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϭϴ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϰϭ͕ϴϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй ΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϯϬϱ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϭ͕ϮϬϬ ϯϱϵ͕ϱϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϬϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϳ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϰϲ͕ϱϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй dŽhƉƉĞƌŽůZ;DEͿ Ϯϯϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϲϯ͕ϳϬϬ Ϯϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϱϮ͕ϳϬϬ ϴ͕ϵϬϬ ϴϲ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϬϴ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϴ͕ϴϬϬ ϳϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϳ͕ϲϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй ƐĐĂƉĞ;DEͲWZͿ ϭϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϱϲ͕ϯϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϴϳ͕ϲϬϬ ϱ͕ϮϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϱ͕ϰϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϮϬϬ ϵϮ͕ϲϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůĂƐŝŶͿ ϭϯϲ͕ϮϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϲϯ͕ϲϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϴϵ͕ϴϬϬ ϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϱϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϲϲ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϯϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϯϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϵϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϯϮϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϮϱ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯϯϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϴϵ͕ϭϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϭϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϲ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϱϴ͕ϲϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϭϭ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϭϮ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϭϮ͕ϲϬϬ ϮϯϬ͕ϱϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰй ϵϬй ϰϳй ϱϵй

136 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 137 Kinbasket Reservoir Mica Dam

Revelstoke Reservoir C o l u m Revelstoke b Dam ia R i v e r

Arrow Lakes Kootenay Reservoir Lake

o o t e Hugh L. n a Keenleyside y Koocanusa Dam R ▪ ▪ P e i Reservoir n v d e r ^•Ž,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶůĂƌŐĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůůĂŬĞƐĐŬĞǇĞ d ’ M O Hungry ǁŚĞƌĞũƵǀĞŶŝůĞƐŽĐŬĞǇĞƌĞĂƌ͘ e R r

t i n e h Horse a l • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚ o g l ƵƌƌĞŶƚ w e a n Dam ĂŵĂŶĚƚŚĞKŬĂŶŽŐĂŶŝƐŶŽƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇ ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ R Lake R a i Libby ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞƵŶĚĞƌĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ k dŽƚĂůƐ ve O Roosevelt r Falls Dam • ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞŚĂƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚŝŶƌĞĐĞŶƚǇĞĂƌƐĚƵĞ Chief Joseph Dam C ƚŽƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌǇƉĂƐƐĂŐĞĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ l ar Flathead ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞKŬĂŶŽŐĂŶƐǇƐƚĞŵĂŶĚ k R Grand Coulee Dam F Lake o d ĨĂǀŽƌĂďůĞŵĂƌŝŶĞƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů͘ W r k a e e • dŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬƌĂŶŐĞƐǁŝĚĞůǇŝŶƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĂůŽŶŐ n Wells Dam Spokane R R a h t t c Kerr ƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐŽĂƐƚǁŚĞƌĞŝƚŝƐŶŽƚƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽ h a e Rocky Reach Dam l ĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ͘ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĂƌĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚ e F Dam R ĂƐǁĞůů͘ Rock Island Dam ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϴϬ͕ϳϱϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ Wanapum Dam Lower >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ Little Granite ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϴϬ͕ϳϱϬ Dworshak Priest Goose Dam DĞĚŐŽĂů >ŽǁŐŽĂůϲϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ Dam Dam DĞĚŐŽĂů ϲϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ Rapids Ice ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů Ϯ͕Ϯϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů Ϯ͕Ϯϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ Dam Harbor ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ya kim Dam a Lower S ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ R Monumental n

a Ϭ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Dam R McNary e d k ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Dam n e The Dalles John Day o Clearwater R ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌDŽƵƚŚ R ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Dam Dam e d WƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐĂŵ n ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ra Umatilla R G Salmon R

ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ R

s EƵŵďĞƌ Montana ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ e t u ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ h c s ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ e

D Ϭ R

ϭϵϲϮ ϭϵϲϱ ϭϵϲϴ ϭϵϳϭ ϭϵϳϰ ϭϵϳϳ ϭϵϴϬ ϭϵϴϯ ϭϵϴϲ ϭϵϴϵ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϱ ϭϵϵϴ ϮϬϬϭ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϯ ϮϬϭϲ i

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ v ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇZĞůĞĂƐĞƐ e ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞͿ r DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ŶŽŶͲƚƌƚǇ͕ ŽŶĞϲdƌƚǇ͕ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ Ϭ͘ϱй ϱ͘ϳй ;WĞŶƚŝĐƚŽŶ,Ăƚ͘Ϳ͕ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dĞƌŵŝŶĂů͕ ϱ͘ϱй

dŽƚĂů ϭϭ͘ϲй dŽƚĂů ϰ͘ϱ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

138 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ;ŵĞĂŶͿ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ zĂŬŝŵĂ;ƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶͿ ϵϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ Ϯϭ͕ϴϱϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ ϮϬϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ ϭ͕Ϯϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϴϬ͕ϳϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕Ϯϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ;WĞŶƚŝĐƚŽŶ,Ăƚ͘Ϳ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ zĂŬŝŵĂ ϭ͕ϬϬϬͲϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚƌĞĂ Ϭ Ϭ ϯϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵŶŽŶͲƚƌƚǇ ǀŽůZ Ϭ͘ϱй ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϲͲϴнй ŽŶĞϲdƌƚǇ ǀŽůZ ϱ͘ϳй ϭϵ͕ϯϬϬ ϮϬͲϲϬй ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ǀŽůZ ϱ͘ϱй фϭϴй Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ

ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ͘Ϭй Ϭ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͬEĂƚƵƌĂů dŽƚĂů ǀŽůZ ϭϭ͘ϲй ϲͲϮϲнй ϮϬͲϲϬй ϰϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϯϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϵϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϲϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϵϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϮ͕ϳϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬй ϮϬй ϭϭй Ϯй ΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϯϮϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϱϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϵϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲ͕ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϮ͕ϲϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬй ϮϬй ϭϮй Ϯй dŽhƉƉĞƌŽůZ;WZͿ Ϯϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϰϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϰϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϯϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϳ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬй ϮϬй ϭϭй Ϯй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϭϯϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϮϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬй ϮϬй ϭϭй ϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůĂƐŝŶͿ ϰϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϲϬϬ ϯϱϰ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϵϱ͕ϵϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϳ͕ϲϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϯϮ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϱϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϬй ϮϬй ϯй Ϯй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 139 ▪ ▪

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140 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^Ƶ• ŵƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇŝŶŚĂďŝƚƐůĂƌŐĞƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐŵĞƌ^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵWƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐĂŵ͘ • ůĂƌŐĞƉŽƌƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚĂŶĚ'ƌĂŶĚ ŽƵůĞĞĚĂŵƐŝƐŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞƵŶĚĞƌ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ • dŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬƌĂŶŐĞƐǁŝĚĞůǇŝŶƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶ dŽƚĂůƐ ĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞWĂĐŝĨŝĐŽĂƐƚǁŚĞƌĞŝƚŝƐŶŽƚ ƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽĨŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭ͕ϰϴϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϭ͕ϰϴϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭ͕ϭϮϭ͕ϰϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϳ͕ϱϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ

DĞĚŐŽĂů ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭ͕ϭϮϭ͕ϰϬϬ

Ϭ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚ ŽŵďŝŶĞĚ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ WƌŝĞƐƚZĂƉŝĚƐĂŵŽƵŶƚ

Ϭ ϭϵϲϮ ϭϵϲϳ ϭϵϳϮ ϭϵϳϳ ϭϵϴϮ ϭϵϴϳ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϳ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϳ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;^ŵŽůƚƐͿ hŽů^ƉŽƌƚ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂůϭ͘ϴй /ŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽůZ;ZŝŶŐŽůĚͿ͕ ŽŶĞϲƚƌŝďĂů ϲ͘ϱй ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůZ^Ɖƚ ϭ͘ϲй ŽůZ^Ɖƚ͕ϭ͘ϲй DĞƚŚŽǁ͕ ŽŶĞϲƚƌŝďĂů>ZĐŽŵŵ͕͘ Ϭ͘Ϯй ϯϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ h^KĐĞĂŶϲ͘ϱй Ϭ <ͬE Ϭ >ZĐŽŵŵ͕͘ ŽůZ Ϭ͘Ϯй ;tĞůůƐͿ͕ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ

<ͬE͕Ϭ͘Ϭй

tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ͕ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ͕ Ϯϰϳ͕ϯϬϬ hŽů^ƉŽƌƚ͕ϭ͘ϴй ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂů ϭϬ͘ϭй dŽƚĂů ϭ͘Ϭ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 141 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ƌĂď ŶĂ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ŶƚŝĂƚ ϭϰϬ ϱϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ DĞƚŚŽǁ ϳϵϬ ϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϱϬ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ ϮϰϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϵϬϬ Ϯ͕ϴϱϬ EĂƐĐĂĚĞƐ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ϯϭϬ ϳ͕ϯϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ ϭ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϭ͕ϰϴϬ ϭ͕ϭϮϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϳ͕ϬϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ zĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ DĞƚŚŽǁ ϮϬϮ ϯϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ KŬĂŶŽŐĂŶ ϱϴ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂƚĐŚĞĞ ϭϰϬ Ϯϰϳ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϰϳ͕ϯϬϬ ŽůZ;tĞůůƐͿ ϭϬϴ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůZ;ZŝŶŐŽůĚͿ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĞǁ;ďůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂͿ Ϭ Ϭ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬͲϯŵŝů ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϱϬϴ ϭ͕ϬϬϱ͕ϯϬϬ ϭ͘ϬͲϰ͘ϭŵŝů

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ;ǀŽůZͿ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϭ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭ͘ϴй ϭϬϬ ϭϱͲϮϮй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲ͘ϱй ϰϬϬ ϮϬͲϱϬй ϵϵ͕ϬϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů;хWZͿ ϭ͘ϴй ϱͲϭϮй ϭϬϬ

tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ Ϭ͘Ϭй Ϭ dŽƚĂů ϭϬ͘ϭй ϮϬͲϯϰй ϮϬͲϱϬй ϲϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ Ϭ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϮ͘Ϭй ͲͲ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ фϳϬй Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů;хWZͿ Ϯϰ͘ϵй ͲͲ ϱ͕ϯϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ dŽƚĂů ϰϯ͘Ϭй ͲͲ фϳϬй ϵ͕ϭϬϬ

142 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ;ϮϬϬϲͲϮϬϭϱͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ Ϯϳ͕ϳϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰϮ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴϰ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϳй ϯϲй ϭϵй ϭϳй ΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞ&Ăŵ Ϯϲ͕ϳϬϬ ϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϲ͕ϰϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϳϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϲй ϯϲй ϭϵй ϭϳй dŽhƉƉĞƌŽůZ;WZͿ ϭϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϰ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϰй ϯϳй ϮϬй ϭϵй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůĂƐŝŶͿ ϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϲ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϲϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϰй ϱϵй Ϯϲй Ϯϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ƚŽƚĂůͿ ϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϲ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϲϬϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϵ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϰй ϱϵй Ϯϲй Ϯϭй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 143 ▪ ▪

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144 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force This page is intentionally left blank.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 145 146 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^•Ɖƌ/ŶŚĂďŝƚƐŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶĂƌĞĂƐŽĨŝŶŐͬ^ƵŵŵĞƌŚŝŶŽŽŬ ŵĂũŽƌƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ͘ • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇĞǆĐĞĞĚĞĚŽŶĞŵŝůůŝŽŶĨŝƐŚ ĂŶŶƵĂůůǇŝŶƚŚĞůĂƚĞϭϴϬϬƐĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞ ^ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉůĂŶ͘ • ƌĞĂƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ,ĞůůƐĂŶǇŽŶĂŵ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂƌĞŶŽƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ͘dŚŝƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚϮϱŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĨŝǀĞ ŵĂũŽƌƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶŐƌŽƵƉƐŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚďǇƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŝŽƌŽůƵŵďŝĂdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇdĞĂŵ͘ • ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŽĐĐƵƌƐĞŶƚŝƌĞůǇŝŶĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŝƐ ŵƵĐŚƌĞĚƵĐĞĚĨƌŽŵŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůĞǀĞůƐ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϲ͕ϵϴϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϯϭ͕ϳϱϬ

DĞĚŐŽĂů ϳϵ͕ϯϳϱ EĂƚůĞƐĐĂƉĞ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϲ͕ϵϴϴ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϯϭ͕ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů DĞĚŐŽĂů ϳϵ͕ϯϳϱ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϳϬϬ͕ϬϬϬͲ EĞǌWĞƌĐĞdƌŝďĞ ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŽďũĞĐƚŝǀĞϲϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂůŽƌŝŐŝŶ ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇŽƌŝŐŝŶ EĂƚƵƌĂůͲŽƌŝŐŝŶ ŽďũĞĐƚŝǀĞϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇͲŽƌŝŐŝŶ ŽďũĞĐƚŝǀĞϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂůͲŽƌŝŐŝŶ DŝŶŝŵƵŵďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞdŚƌĞƐŚŽůĚϯϭ͕ϳϱϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

hƉĞƌŵŽƐƚ^ŶĂŬĞZ͘ĂŵŽƵŶƚ;ĂĚƵůƚƐͿ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϲϮ ϭϵϲϳ ϭϵϳϮ ϭϵϳϳ ϭϵϴϮ ϭϵϴϳ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϳ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϳ

&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶEĂƚƵƌĂůͲŽƌŝŐŝŶϮϬϬϳͲϮϬϭϲ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďǇƌĞůĞĂƐĞĂƌĞĂ;ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ĂǀŐ͘ ^ĂůŵŽŶ͕ ϲ͕ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZ͕ EŽŶͲƚƌƚǇ dƌĞĂƚǇ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ͕ ŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ͕ϭϬй Ϯй EŽŶͲƚƌƚǇŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵϮй dƌĞĂƚǇŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵϭϬй ^ŶĂŬĞƐƉŽƌƚ ϭй ^ŶĂŬĞƚƌŝďĂů Ϯй ^ŶĂŬĞƚƌŝďĂů͕ Ϯй tĂůůĂ tĂůůĂ͕ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ͕ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ͕ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϱ͕ϱϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞƐƉŽƌƚ͕ ϭй /ŵŶĂŚĂ͕ 'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ͕ ϰϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂů ϭϰ͘ϰй dŽƚĂů ϭϰ͘ϭ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 147 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ;ŵĞĂŶͿ EWdĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ϭϵϱϬƐ ŐŽĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ ϮϰϬ ŶĂ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ğ >͘

^ŶĂŬ ƐŽƚŝŶΎ ϭϬ Ϭ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ WŽƚůĂƚĐŚΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ĂƉǁĂŝͬŝŐĂŶǇŽŶΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ƌǇ >ĂǁǇĞƌΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ

ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ hƉƉĞƌ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ E&Ŭ>ŽǁĞƌŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵΎ Ϭ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ E&ŬhƉƉĞƌŵĂŝŶƐƚĞŵΎ Ϭ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ >ŽůŽΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽĐŚƐĂΎ ŶĂ Ϭ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĂĚŽǁΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ

tĞƚůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ DŽŽƐĞΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌ^ĞůǁĂǇΎ ŶĂ Ϭ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ tĞŶĂŚĂ ϰϮϬ ϴϮϬ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ DŝŶĂŵ ϱϯϬ ϭ͕Ϯϳϲ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĞ ϭϵϬ ϵϲϵ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽŽŬŝŶŐŐůĂƐƐΎ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽƐƚŝŶĞͬtĂůůŽǁĂ ϲϯϱ ϵϮϲ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ h'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ ϳϬ ϭϭϭ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ /ŵŶĂŚĂ ϰϭϬ Ϯ͕ϯϰϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ

'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞͬ/ŵŶĂŚĂ ŝŐ^ŚĞĞƉΎ ŶĂ ŶĂ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŝƚƚůĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ ŶĂ ϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĞĐĞƐŚ ŶĂ ϴϮϴ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϱϭϬ ϯ͕ϮϳϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ

^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ĂƐƚ&ŽƌŬ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ŶĂ ϱϯϳ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ŚĂŵďĞƌůĂŝŶ ϴϰϬ ϳϴϬ ϭϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ŝŐ ϮϬϬ ϲϮϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌDŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬ ϭϬ ϲϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ĂŵĂƐ ϰϬ ϮϰϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽŽŶ ϲϬ ϱϰϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌDŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϴϬ ϱϲϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵůƉŚƵƌ ϵϬ ϮϴϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ

DŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶ ĞĂƌsĂůůĞǇ ϱϭϬ ϭ͕ϱϰϬ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ DĂƌƐŚ ϰϬϬ ϱϭϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ EŽƌƚŚ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϭϬϬ ϮϵϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞŵŚŝ ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϲϬ ϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϵϬ ϭ͕ϮϭϬ ϰϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ WĂŚƐŝŵĞƌŽŝ ϮϳϬ ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ĂƐƚ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϰϰϬ ϭ͕ϯϮϬ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ zĂŶŬĞĞ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶZŝǀĞƌ ϵϬ ϮϮϬ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ

hƉƉĞƌ^ĂůŵŽŶ sĂůůĞǇ ϭϱϬ ϰϱϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ^ĂůŵŽŶ ϯϵϬ ϭ͕ϯϱϬ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ WĂŶƚŚĞƌΎ ϭϯ Ϭ ŶĂ ϳϱϬ ϭ͕ϴϳϱ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϲ͕ϵϴϴ ϮϮ͕ϮϬϳ ϲϳϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϳϱϬ ϳϵ͕ϯϳϱ ϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ύ&ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůůǇĞǆƚŝƌƉĂƚĞĚ;ƐŽŵĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞďĞŝŶŐƌĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚͿ͘

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞƐ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ͘ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌƚǇ ǀŽůZ͘ ϭ͘ϳй ϱ͘ϱͲϭϳй ϰϱϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌƚǇ ǀŽůZ͘ ϭϬ͘ϭй Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϮϬͲϲϬй ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZ^ƉŽƌƚ ǀ>'ƌ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͘ϱй ϬͲϰй ϲϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZdƌŝďĞƐ ǀ>'ƌ dŽƚĂů ǀŽůZ͘ ϭϰ͘ϰй ϱ͘ϱͲϭϵй ϮϬͲϲϬй ϯ͕ϵϱϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ Ϭй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌƚǇ ǀŽůZ͘ ϭϮ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϭϬ͕ϯϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ǀŽůZ͘ ϭϬ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϴ͕ϮϬϬ ≤70% ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZ^ƉŽƌƚ ǀ>'ƌ ϭϴ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ϭϬ͕ϵϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ^ŶĂŬĞZdƌŝďĞƐ ǀ>'ƌ ϭϴ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ϭϬ͕ϵϬϬ dŽƚĂů ǀŽůZ͘ ϰϳ͘ϭй ≤70% ϰϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ

148 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ZĞůĞĂƐĞ dǇƉĞ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ DĐĂůů,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶƌ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ϭϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ^&Ŭ^ĂůŵŽŶ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ϲϰϴ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ƵƌƚŝƐͬĂďŝŶƌ͘ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ϭϳϱ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ WĂŚƐŝŵĞƌŽŝ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ WĂŚƐŝŵĞƌŽŝ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ ϲϰϴ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ d WĂŶƚŚĞƌƌ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ d ĂƌƐŽŶE&, tĂůůĂtĂůůĂ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϲϱ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶͬ>ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϱϬ ϮϮϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϱϮ ƐĂŵĞ d ƐŽƚŝŶƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ d >ŽŽŬŝŶŐŐůĂƐƐ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĞƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϮϬ ƐĂŵĞ h'ƌĂŶĚĞZŽŶĚĞ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϲϱ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ >ŽƐƚŝŶĞ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϲϱ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐŐůĂƐƐƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϲϱ ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ /ŵŶĂŚĂ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϯϮϬ ϰϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϭϬ ƐĂŵĞ ZĂƉŝĚZŝǀĞƌ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ZĂƉŝĚ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭ͕ϲϮϭ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ >ŝƚƚůĞ^ĂůŵŽŶ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ,ĞůůƐǇŶ^ŶĂŬĞZ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϮϯϬ ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ^ĂǁƚŽŽƚŚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ^ĂůŵŽŶZ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϵϳϮ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϰϰϱ ƐĂŵĞ ƌǇƐƚĂů^Ɖƌͬ^ĂǁƚŽŽƚŚ zĂŶŬĞĞ&Ŭ^ĂůŵŽŶ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϮϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ EĞǌWĞƌĐĞdƌŝďĂů,Ăƚ͘ DĞĂĚŽǁ;^ĞůǁĂǇͿ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ Ϯϴϱ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϭϯϱ ƐĂŵĞ >ŽůŽƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϬϲ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ EĞǁƐŽŵĞƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϱϱ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ EWd,ͬǁŽƌƐŚĂŬE&, ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌZ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϭϯϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ǁŽƌƐŚĂŬE&, h^ĞůǁĂǇZ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ Ϯϭϱ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ E&ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌZ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϲϵϬ ϭ͕ϬϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ <ŽŽƐŬŝĂ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ůĞĂƌƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϰϮϱ ϲϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ KƚŚĞƌůŽĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϮϲϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϵϭϱ ƐĂŵĞ ůĞĂƌƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϰϭϱ ϵϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ ZĞĚZŝǀĞƌ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ϳϭϱ ϭ͕ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ƐĂŵĞ d hƉƉĞƌ^ŶĂŬĞ ^ƉƌŝŶŐ ͲͲ Ϭ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϰ͕ϭϭϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϮϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϬ͕ϲϳϳ ϭϴ͕ϭϭϱ͕ϱϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚ ΛŐŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ;ĂǀŐͿ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϭϮ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϰϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϲϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϴϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϵϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϲй ϲϬй ϯϳй Ϯϲй >ŽǁĞƌ'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵ ϳϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϳϯ͕ϮϱϬ Ϯϱϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϳ͕ϲϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϬ͕ϱϬϬ ϲϬ͕ϱϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϮϱϬ ϵϬ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϳй ϲϯй ϰϯй ϯϱй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚΎ ϱϬ͕ϭϬϬ ϲϲ͕ϱϱϬ ϭϬϵ͕ϯϳϱ ϭϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϱ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϳϱϬ ϳϵ͕ϯϳϱ ϭϮϳ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϲϵй ϱϮй Ϯϳй ϭϲй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůƵŵďŝĂďĂƐŝŶͿ ϰϰ͕ϮϱϬ ϰϴ͕ϯϬϬ ϵϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴϱ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯ͕ϵϱϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϰϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϱϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϭй ϴϯй ϱϴй ϰϭй ΎƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚƚŽƐƉĂǁŶŝŶŐƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐĂŶĚŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƌĞƚƵƌŶ͘

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 149 ▪ ▪

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• •

150 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

&•ĂůƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ^ŶĂŬĞZŝǀĞƌůŚŝŶŽŽŬ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ>ĞǁŝƐƚŽŶĂŶĚ,ĞůůƐĂŶǇŽŶĂŵ ĂŶĚƉŽƌƚŝŽŶƐŽĨŵĂũŽƌƚƌŝďƚƵĂƌŝĞƐ͘ • DŽƐƚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚǁĂƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚ dŽƚĂůƐ ƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ,ĞůůƐĂŶǇŽŶĂŵ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂŶĚŝƐŶŽƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ͘ • ůĂƐƐŝĨŝĞĚŝŶĨŝƐŚĞƌǇŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƐ ƵƉƌŝǀĞƌďƌŝŐŚƚĨĂůůŚŝŶŽŽŬĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚǇ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚZĞĂĐŚƐƚŽĐŬ͘ • ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƚŽĐŬŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚŝŶƚŚĞ ŽĐĞĂŶĂŶĚŝŶĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŚĂƐƌĞďƵŝůƚĂ ƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƚƵƌŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞƐ ƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĂŚŝŐŚƉƌŽƉŽƌƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƌƵŶ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϴ͕ϯϲϬ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϴ͕ϯϲϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϰ͕ϮϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϰ͕ϮϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂůEĂƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶϵ͕ϮϴϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϰ͕ϯϲϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϵ͕ϮϴϬ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϰ͕ϯϲϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ

ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů

DŝƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ 'ŽĂůсϯϵ͕ϭϭϬ ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ /dZdŵŝŶŝŵƵŵǀŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ сϰ͕ϮϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌ'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚ;ĂĚƵůƚƐͿ Ϭ ϭϵϵϰ ϭϵϵϲ ϭϵϵϴ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϰ ϮϬϬϲ ϮϬϬϴ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϰ ϮϬϭϲ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶŽĨtŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů /ŵƉĂĐƚƐ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ;ǀƐ͘ŽĐĞĂŶĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞͿ /ĚĂŚŽWŽǁĞƌ >ǇŽŶƐ >ZĐŽŵŵ͘Θ KZͬtŽĐĞĂŶ͕ WƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ &ĞƌƌǇ ƐƉŽƌƚ͕Ϭ͘Ϭϵ Ϭ͘ϭϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ͕ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ĂŶĂĚĂŽĐĞĂŶ͕ Ϭ͘Ϭϳ EĞǌWĞƌĐĞ dƌŝďĂů ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ͕ ŽŶĞϲƚƌŝďĂů͕ ůĂƐŬĂŽĐĞĂŶ͕Ϭ͘ϬϮ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ͘ϭϲ ^ŶĂŬĞZ͕Ϭ͘ϬϮ

dŽƚĂů ϰϲй dŽƚĂů ϱ͘ϱ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 151 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ;ŵĞĂŶͿ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ >ŽǁĞƌ^ŶĂŬĞZ ϴ͕ϯϲϬ ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϵ͕ϮϴϬ ϭϰ͕ϯϲϬ ^ŶĂŬĞ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ DŝĚĚůĞ^ŶĂŬĞZ Ϭ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ dŽƚĂůƐ ϴ͕ϯϲϬ ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϵ͕ϮϴϬ ϭϰ͕ϯϲϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ ŐŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ EĞǌWĞƌĐĞdƌŝďĂů,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ /ĚĂŚŽWŽǁĞƌWƌŽŐƌĂŵ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϱ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϵ͕ϭϭϬ ϱ͕ϱϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ 'ŽĂů WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<ͬĂŶͿ ϵ͘ϳй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϮϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ ϵ͘ϴй ͲͲ ͲͲ ϴ͕ϮϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϵ͘ϭй ϭϭ͘ϰй ϯϬͲϴϬй ϳ͕ϲϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϯϭ͘ϱͲϰϱй ϯϭ͕ϵϬϬ ŽůƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϲ͘Ϭй ϭϵ͘ϵй ϭϯ͕ϯϬϬ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů ϭ͘ϲй Ϯ͘Ϭй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ

EĂƚƵƌĂůΘ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ůŽĐŬĞĚĂƌĞĂ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ dŽƚĂů ϰϲ͘Ϯй ϯϯ͘ϯй Ϯϭ͘ϱͲϰϱй ϯϬͲϴϬй ϯϴ͕ϱϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϭϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ;ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƐͿ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϲϳ͕ϭϬϬ ϱϴ͕ϮϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϭϬϬ ϴϯ͕ϰϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϰ͕ϮϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϮϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϯй ϴϱй ϳϬй ϱϵй ΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϮ͕ϱϬϬ ϳϯ͕ϳϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯϵ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϯй ϴϱй ϳϬй ϲϬй Λ>ŽǁĞƌ'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵ ϯϴ͕ϳϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϳϴϰ ϯϲ͕ϰϱϬ ϰϮ͕ϵϱϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ ϱ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϮϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϴ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϰϴϰ Ϯϰ͕ϳϱϬ Ϯϰ͕ϳϱϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϯй ϳϰй ϲϴй ϱϴй ^ƉĂǁŶŝŶŐĞƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϯϭ͕ϴϬϬ Ϯϳ͕ϱϬϴ ϯϮ͕ϱϳϯ ϯϳ͕ϱϮϲ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϵ͕ϲϬϬ ϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϱϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϮϮ͕ϮϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϳϬϴ Ϯϭ͕ϴϳϯ Ϯϭ͕ϬϮϲ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϬй ϴϯй ϲϳй ϱϲй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϮϮ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϵϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϲ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϯ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϲ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϴ͕ϱϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϯй ϴϱй ϳϬй ϱϴй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ƚŽƚĂůͿ ϯϴ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϯ͕ϭϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϱϮ͕ϭϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϬ͕ϰϬϬ ϱ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϳϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϴ͕ϭϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϰϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϯй ϴϱй ϳϬй ϱϴй

152 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

•

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 153 SNAKE Sockeye ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Summer run, Lake rearing

S•ocAt listing, only one populations remained keye (Redfish Lake in the Sawtooth Valley). • Returns dwindled to zero to 10 fish/year. • Extirpated from five other Stanley Basin Lakes, the Payette system upstream from Hells Canyon, and Wallowa Lake in the upper Grande Ronde. • An intensive conservation aquaculture program with captive broodstock began in 1991. • Hatchery fish are currently being released into Redfish, Petit, and Alturus Lakes.

Current 100 Natural Production Low goal 2,500Current 100 Low goal 2,500 Med goal 5,750Med goal 5,750 High goal 9,000 High goal 9,000Historical 84,000 Historical 84,000

0 50,000 100,000 3,000 Columbia River return Lower Granite return Hatchery return to Sawtooth Valley 2,000 Natural return to Sawtooth Valley Abundance 1,000

0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Harvest Distribution Hatchery Releases 2007-2016 avg. Springfield Columbia R Hatchery, Treaty, 5.5% 700,000

Columbia R Nontreaty, 0.1%

Totals 5.6% Fry 700,000

158 154 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force SNAKE Sockeye ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Summer run, Lake rearing

Natural Production Abundance (mean) Potential Goal Range ESU/MPG Population Recent Historical Low Med High Redfish Lake 100 1,000 Alturas Lake 0 1,000 Stanley Hell Roaring Lake 0 -- 25,000 5,750 9,000 Basin Stanley Lake 0 -- Pettit Lake 0 500 Yellow Belly Lake 0 -- (SF Salmon) Warm Springs 0 ------(Payette) Payette 0 35,000 ------(Wallowa) Wallowa Lake 0 24,000 ------Totals 100 84,000 2,500 5,750 9,000

Hatchery Production Current Production Return Anticipated Location (Program) Brood Smolts Fry goal production Springfield Hatchery 700,000 10,000 1,000,000 Totals 700,000 10,000 1,000,000

Fisheries / Harvest Exploitation rate Harvest Location Avg. Limits Potential 10-yr avg Potential Ocean 0 ------Mainstem non treaty 0.1% 1 Natural & 5-7% Mainstem Treaty 5.5% 10-40% 81 8,200 Hatchery Terminal 0 -- -- Total 5.6% 5-7% 10-40% 82 8,200

Recent avg @ Goals Total Return (2008-2017) Low Med High @ Columbia R Mouth 1,460 8,470 18,500 32,900 Natural 290 7,300 18,500 32,900 Hatchery 1,170 1,170 0 0 % hatchery 80% 14% 0% 0% @ Bonneville Dam 1,460 8,370 18,500 32,700 Natural 290 7,200 18,500 32,700 Hatchery 1,170 1,170 0 0 % hatchery 80% 14% 0% 0% To Snake R (L Granite) 1,130 6,120 12,100 18,900 Natural 210 5,200 12,100 18,900 Hatchery 920 920 0 0 % hatchery 80% 15% 0% 0% Local Return 752 4,114 7,900 12,400 Natural 138 3,500 7,900 12,400 Hatchery 614 614 0 0 % hatchery 80% 15% 0% 0% Harvest (Col mainstem) 82 470 2,800 8,200 Natural 12 400 2,800 8,200 Hatchery 70 70 0 0 % hatchery 80% 15% 0% 0%

159 Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 155 SNAKE Sockeye ▪ ESA: Endangered ▪ Life History: Summer run, Lake rearing

Notes - Natural Production Distribution: Historically, sockeye salmon ascended the Snake River to the Wallowa River basin in northeastern Oregon and the Payette and Salmon River basins in Idaho to spawn in natural lakes. Within the Snake River drainage, Wallowa Lake, the Payette Lake basin, and the Stanley Basin are separated by distances that are consistent with those between other Sockeye Salmon ESUs (NMFS 2015). The ICTRT concluded that it is unclear, and currently unresolvable, whether these lake groups were MPGs of the same ESU or separate ESUs (ICTRT 2007). Given this uncertainty, the ICTRT treats the Snake River Sawtooth Valley Sockeye Salmon as a single ESU with a single MPG (ICTRT 2010). Within the Salmon River basin, sockeye salmon spawned in Warm Lake in the South Fork Salmon River basin, as well as in the Sawtooth Valley lakes: Stanley, Redfish, Yellowbelly, Pettit and Alturas Lakes. A smaller Sawtooth Valley lake, Hell Roaring Lake, may have also supported some Sockeye Salmon production. The historical relationships between the different fish populations are not known. All populations except Redfish Lake are extirpated; sockeye are being reintroduced into Petit and Alturas lakes. The Technical Recovery Team did not formally designate mpgs for populations in the South Fork Salmon or Payette systems but treatment of Upper Columbia River populations, the project team labeled these exitirpated sockeye as separate mpgs - parentheses are used to designate these mpgs as assumed for the purposes of this exercise. Historical abundance: From IDFG website. Little information on historical abundance exists. Current abundance: Fish traps and spawning surveys in the Stanley Basin. Goals: • Low range: ESA recovery plan (for Redfish, Alturas, and Petit Lake populations) • Medium range: Mid-point between low and high goals • High range: IDFG

160 156 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^•Ƶŵ/ŶŚĂďŝƚŵŽĚĞƌĂƚĞƚŽŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶĂƌĞĂƐŽĨŵĞƌ^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ŵĂũŽƌƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐ͘ • ƌĞĂƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ,ĞůůƐĂŶǇŽŶĂŵ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂƌĞŶŽƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚǇĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ͘dŚŝƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚϭϱŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĨŽƵƌ ŵĂũŽƌƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶŐƌŽƵƉƐŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĞĚďǇƚŚĞ /ŶƚĞƌŝŽƌŽůƵŵďŝĂdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůZĞĐŽǀĞƌǇdĞĂŵ͘ • ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŽĐĐƵƌƐĞŶƚŝƌĞůǇŝŶĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚŝƐ ŵƵĐŚƌĞĚƵĐĞĚĨƌŽŵŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůĞǀĞůƐ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŝƐƐŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ DĞĚŐŽĂů DĞĚŐŽĂů ϲϯ͕ϬϬϬϲϯ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů;ΕϭϵϲϬͿϭϭϰ͕ϴϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϭϭϰ͕ϴϬϬ ;ΕϭϵϲϬͿ

Ϭ ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ

ϮϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůĚ

ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ hƉĞƌŵŽƐƚ^ŶĂŬĞZĂŵŽƵŶƚ;ĂĚƵůƚƐͿ Ϭ ϭϵϲϮ ϭϵϲϳ ϭϵϳϮ ϭϵϳϳ ϭϵϴϮ ϭϵϴϳ ϭϵϵϮ ϭϵϵϳ ϮϬϬϮ ϮϬϬϳ ϮϬϭϮ ϮϬϭϳ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϱй WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ;^ŵŽůƚƐͿ >ǇŽŶƐ dĞƌŵŝŶĂů &ĞƌƌǇͬ/ƌƌŝŐŽŶͬtĂůůŽ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ͕ ZEŽŶͲdƌĞĂƚǇ ǁĂ͕ϭ͕ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬй ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ZdƌĞĂƚǇ EŝĂŐĂƌĂ^Ɖƌ͕͘ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ /ƌƌŝŐŽŶͲ /ŵŶĂŚĂ͕ ϭϱй Ϯϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ;ǁŝůĚĨŝƐŚͿ ϭϬй DĂŐŝĐ ǁŽƌƐŚĂŬ͕ &ŝƐŚĞƌǇŝŵƉĂĐƚƌĂƚĞƐ sĂůůĞǇ͕ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱй

Ϭй ,ĂŐĞƌŵĂŶ͕ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ͕ ͲŝŶĚĞǆ ͲŝŶĚĞǆ ϭ͕ϱϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϬ͘Ϯй ϭϵ͘ϭй ^ŵŽůƚƐ ϵ͘ϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 157 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ;ŵĞĂŶͿ EWdĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ΕϭϵϲϬ ŐŽĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ >ŽǁĞƌ ƐŽƚŝŶƌĞĞŬ ϲϭϬ ϭ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶZŝǀĞƌ ϲϰϬ ϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ŶĂ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ >ŽĐŚƐĂZŝǀĞƌ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϰϬ ^ĞůǁĂǇZŝǀĞƌ ϱϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϯ͕ϮϬϬ >ŽůŽƌĞĞŬ ŶĂ ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ

ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ EŽƌƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ŶĂ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ Ϯ͕ϬϰϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ >ŽǁĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϲϭϬ ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ hƉƉĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ Ϯ͕ϲϯϬ ϴϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϳ͕ϱϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϵϬϬ

ZŽŶĚĞ :ŽƐĞƉŚƌĞĞŬ Ϯ͕ϯϯϬ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ 'ƌĂŶĚĞ tĂůůŽǁĂZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϭϵϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ /ŵŶĂŚĂ /ŵŶĂŚĂZŝǀĞƌ ŶĂ ϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ŚĂŵďĞƌůĂŝŶƌĞĞŬ ŶĂ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ĂƐƚ&ŽƌŬ^ĂůŵŽŶZŝǀĞƌ ŶĂ ϭϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ >ĞŵŚŝZŝǀĞƌ ŶĂ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ >ŝƚƚůĞ^ĂůŵŽŶZŝǀĞƌ ŶĂ ϭϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ DŝĚĚůĞ&Ŭ>ŽǁĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͕ϰϳϬ DŝĚĚůĞ&ŬhƉƉĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϮϬϬ EŽƌƚŚ&ŽƌŬ ŶĂ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ^ĂůŵŽŶ WĂŚƐŝŵĞƌŽŝZŝǀĞƌ ŶĂ ϭϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ WĂŶƚŚĞƌƌĞĞŬ ŶĂ ϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ hƉƉĞƌDĂŝŶƐƚĞŵ ŶĂ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĞĐĞƐŚZŝǀĞƌ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ Ϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϭ͕ϮϮϬ ^ŽƵƚŚ&ŽƌŬ Ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϬϬϬ KƚŚĞƌ DŝƐĐ>^ŶĂŬĞƚƌŝďƐ ͲͲ ϭϭ͕ϰϬϬ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϰ͕ϴϬϬ ϲϬϮ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ dǇƉĞ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ ^ƵďǇĞĂƌůŝŶŐƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ dƵĐĂŶŶŽŶ ϲϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰ͕ϲϱϲ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ >ǇŽŶƐ&ĞƌƌǇͬ/ƌƌŝŐŽŶͬtĂůůŽǁĂ ϰϳϮ ϭ͕ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϭϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ /ƌƌŝŐŽŶͲ/ŵŶĂŚĂ ϭϯϮ Ϯϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭ͕ϭϴϰ Ϯϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ǁŽƌƐŚĂŬ ϴϳϮ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϬ͕Ϯϲϰ Ϯ͕ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ůĞĂƌǁĂƚĞƌ ϰϱϮ ϴϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϰϯ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂŐĞƌŵĂŶ ϴϳϴ ϭ͕ϱϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ DĂŐŝĐsĂůůĞǇ ϴϭϮ ϭ͕ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ EŝĂŐĂƌĂ^Ɖƌ͘ ϭ͕ϭϱϮ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϴϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ĂǁƚŽŽƚŚͬWĂŚƐŝŵĞƌŽŝ ͬ ϰϱϱ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵďƚŽƚĂů ϱ͕Ϯϴϱ ϵ͕ϯϮϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϴϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϯϮϴ͕ϬϬϬ EŽƚĞ͗ZĞƚƵƌŶŐŽĂůŽĨϲϬ͕ϮϲϰсƐƵŵŽĨ>^ZW͕KĂŶĚ/WŐŽĂůƐ

158 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ;ǀŽůZƌƵŶͿ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ͲƌƵŶĂǀŐ ƌƵŶĂǀŐ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ϭϬǇƌĂǀŐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭ͘ϵй Ϯ͘Ϯй ϳϬϬ ϭϱͲϮϮй DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲ͘ϯй ϭϰ͘ϵй Ϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϮϬͲϱϬй ϰϯ͕ϵϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZ;ďĞůŽǁ>͘'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵͿ EĂƚƵƌĂů ^ŶĂŬĞZ;Ăďǀ>͘'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵͿ Ϯ͘Ϭй Ϯ͘Ϭй фϮй ϲϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϭϬ͘Ϯй ϭϵ͘ϭй ϭϳͲϮϮй ϮϬͲϱϬй ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϯ͕ϵϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵEŽŶͲƚƌĞĂƚǇ ϭϰ͘ϯй ϭϱ͘ϱй Ϯϴ͕ϲϬϬ DĂŝŶƐƚĞŵdƌĞĂƚǇ ϲ͘ϳй ϭϱ͘Ϯй ϭϱ͕ϱϬϬ ≤70% ≤70% ϭϰϭ͕ϵϬϬ ^ŶĂŬĞZ;ďĞůŽǁ>͘'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵͿ ϰ͘ϭй ϴ͕ϰϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ^ŶĂŬĞZ;Ăďǀ>͘'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵͿ ϯϴ͘Ϭй ϳϳ͕ϮϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϲϯй ϳϯй ≤70% ≤70% ϭϮϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϰϭ͕ϵϬϬ

ZĞĐĞŶƚϭϬͲǇƌĂǀŐ;ϮϬϬϳͲϮϬϭϲͿ Λ'ŽĂůƐ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ͲƌƵŶ ͲƌƵŶ dŽƚĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϭϵϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϮϬϬ Ϯϰϭ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϰϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϮϯ͕ϱϬϬ ϰϭϱ͕ϲϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϭ͕ϴϬϬ ϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϮϬ͕ϭϬϬ ϮϭϮ͕ϮϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϲϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϵ͕ϭϬϬ ϮϬϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϮϬϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϮϬϯ͕ϰϬϬ ϮϬϯ͕ϰϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϰй ϴϳй ϴϰй ϴϰй ϲϯй ϰϵй ΛŽŶŶĞǀŝůůĞĂŵ ϭϴϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϰϰ͕ϰϬϬ ϮϯϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϮϯϬ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϬϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϵϵ͕ϭϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϯϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϭϴ͕ϮϬϬ ϮϬϳ͕ϴϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϱϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϴ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϵϮ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϵϮ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϵϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϵϭ͕ϯϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϯй ϴϲй ϴϰй ϴϰй ϲϮй ϰϴй Λ>ŽǁĞƌ'ƌĂŶŝƚĞĂŵ ϭϯϴ͕ϲϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϲϲ͕ϳϬϬ ϮϮϯ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϴϲ͕ϵϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϰ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϴϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϴϬϬ ϵϯ͕ϮϬϬ ϭϱϲ͕ϴϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϭϮ͕ϯϬϬ Ϯϯ͕ϲϬϬ ϭϯϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϯϱ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϯϬ͕ϭϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϭй ϴϰй ϴϮй ϴϮй ϱϴй ϰϱй ^ƉĂǁŶŝŶŐƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ EĂƚƵƌĂů Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ƚŽƚĂůͿ ϭϯϯ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲϭ͕ϭϬϬ ϭϴϱ͕ϴϬϬ tŝůĚͬEĂƚƵƌĂů ϰ͕ϮϬϬ ϰ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϵ͕ϮϬϬ ϰϯ͕ϵϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϮϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϮϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϰϭ͕ϵϬϬ ϭϰϭ͕ϵϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϳй ϵϳй ϴϴй ϳϲй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 159 ▪ ▪

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Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 161 162 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

^Ɖ•ƌŝZĞƚƵƌŶƚŽŵŝĚƚŽŚŝŐŚĞůĞǀĂƚŝŽŶƐŶŐŚŝŶŽŽŬ ƐƚƌĞĂŵƐŽŶƚŚĞǁĞƐƚĞƌŶƐůŽƉĞŽĨƚŚĞ ĂƐĐĂĚĞƐ͘ • &ŝǀĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǀĞŶŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĂƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇĂƚůŽǁůĞǀĞůƐŽĨǀŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ • ĂŵƐǁŚŝĐŚďůŽĐŬƉĂƐƐĂŐĞƚŽŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶĂƌĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞ^ĂŶƚŝĂŵĂŶĚ dŽƚĂůƐ DŝĚĚůĞ&ŽƌŬtŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘ • ^ŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐ ĂƐŵŝƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƌĞĚƵĐĞĚŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϰ͕Ϯϳϴ EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ >ŽǁŐŽĂů Ϯϴ͕ϴϵϭ

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ ϰ͕Ϯϳϴ &ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ DĞĚŐŽĂů>ŽǁŐŽĂů ϰϳ͕ϴϯϮϮϴ͕ϴϵϭ DĞĚŐŽĂů ϰϳ͕ϴϯϮ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϲϲ͕ϳϳϯϲϲ͕ϳϳϯ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϭϮ͕ϭϳϯ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϯϭϮ͕ϭϳϯ

Ϭ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϴϬ͕ϬϬϬ

;ĂĚƵůƚƐͿ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ

ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌDŽƵƚŚ ZĞƚƵƌŶ Ϭ ϭϵϵϬ ϭϵϵϱ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϱ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;ƐŵŽůƚƐͿ ;tŝůĚͬEĂƚůǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶZĂƚĞͿ DĐ<ĞŶǌŝĞ,Ăƚ͕ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ͕Ϯ͘Ϯй ϲϬϰ͕ϳϱϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ͕Ϭ͘ϰй ,Ăƚ͕ϴϳϯ͕ϬϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ Ϭ͘ϰй KĐĞĂŶ E^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ ;ĂŶͿ͕ > ;DĂƌŝŽŶ Ϯ͘ϱй tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ &ŽƌŬƐ,ĂƚͿ͕ ƐƉŽƌƚ͕ ϳϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯ͘ϲй DŝĚĚůĞ&Ŭtŝůů ;tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ,ĂƚͿ͕ h ϭ͕ϲϳϮ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ ^^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ ;<Ϳ͕ϰ͘ϭй ƐƉŽƌƚ͕ ,Ăƚ͕ Ϭ͘ϳй ϭ͕ϬϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůƐ ϭϯй dŽƚĂů ƐŵŽůƚƐ ϱ͘Ϯ ŵŝůůŝŽŶ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 163 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϲϵϱ Ϯϳ͕ϲϳϯ Ϯ͕ϯϭϰ ϯ͕ϵϲϲ ϱ͕ϲϭϴ DŽůĂůůĂZŝǀĞƌ E ϭϯ͕ϳϱϬ ϲϵϵ ϭ͕ϲϲϯ Ϯ͕ϲϮϳ EŽƌƚŚ^ĂŶƚŝĂŵZŝǀĞƌ ϯϲϭ ϱϲ͕ϭϬϬ ϱ͕ϰϮϴ ϭϬ͕ϴϲϰ ϭϲ͕ϯϬϬ ^ŽƵƚŚ^ĂŶƚŝĂŵZŝǀĞƌ ϱϯϲ ϯϳ͕ϰϬϬ ϯ͕ϭϭϲ ϲ͕ϮϬϴ ϵ͕ϯϬϬ

ŽĂƐƚ&Ăůů ĂůĂƉŽŽŝĂZŝǀĞƌ Ϭ ϵ͕ϱϬϬ ϱϵϴ ϭ͕ϮϬϳ ϭ͕ϴϭϱ DĐ<ĞŶǌŝĞZŝǀĞƌ ϭ͕ϱϰϵ ϭϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϵϭϲ ϭϮ͕Ϯϲϱ ϭϯ͕ϲϭϯ DŝĚĚůĞ&ŬtŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ ϭϯϲ ϱϳ͕ϳϱϬ ϱ͕ϴϮϬ ϭϭ͕ϲϲϬ ϭϳ͕ϱϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϰ͕Ϯϳϴ ϯϭϮ͕ϭϳϯ Ϯϴ͕ϴϵϭ ϰϳ͕ϴϯϮ ϲϲ͕ϳϳϯ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ůĂĐŬĂŵĂƐ,Ăƚ ϴϳϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϱ͕ϬϬϬ E^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ;DĂƌŝŽŶ&ŽƌŬƐ,ĂƚͿ ϳϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬϰ͕ϬϬϬ ^^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ,Ăƚ ϭ͕ϬϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϮϭ͕ϬϬϬ DŝĚĚůĞ&Ŭtŝůů;tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ,ĂƚͿ ϭ͕ϲϳϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϭ͕ϲϳϮ͕ϬϬϬ DĐ<ĞŶǌŝĞ,Ăƚ ϲϬϰ͕ϳϱϬ ϳϴϳ͕ϬϬϬ ŽĂƐƚ&ŽƌŬtŝůů Ϯϲϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϮϴ͕ϬϬϬ DŽůĂůůĂ ϵϵ͕ϳϬϬ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ ϱ͕Ϯϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱ͕ϴϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϰ͘ϭй ͲͲ ϰϳϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϭϮй ϮϲϬ Ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϮϴϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϰй Ϭ͘ϰй ϮϬͲϲϬй ϰϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϰй Ϭ͘ϰй ϰϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϱй ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ >tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞƐƉŽƌƚ Ϯ͘ϲй Ϯ͘ϲй ϮϰϬ htŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϳй Ϭ͘ϳй ϳϬ dŽƚĂů ϭϮ͘ϵй ϰ͘ϭй ϭ͕ϰϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϬϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;<Ϳ ϰ͘ϭй ͲͲ Ϯ͕ϰϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;ĂŶͿ Ϯ͘ϱй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϯϬϬ ϱ͕ϯϬϬ KĐĞĂŶ;tͬKZͿ Ϯ͘Ϯй ͲͲ ϭ͕ϱϬϬ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ ϰ͘Ϭй ϰ͘ϯй ≤70% ≤70% Ϯ͕ϮϬϬ ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϯ͘ϴй ϯ͘Ϭй ϭ͕ϲϬϬ

,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϲ͕ϬϬϬ >tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞƐƉŽƌƚ ϭϵ͘Ϯй ϮϬ͘ϲй ϭϬ͕ϱϬϬ htŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞƐƉŽƌƚ ϲ͘ϱй ϳ͘ϱй ϯ͕ϴϬϬ dŽƚĂů ϰϭ͘ϯй ϯϱ͘ϰй ≤70% ≤70% Ϯϯ͕ϯϬϬ ϭϬϭ͕ϯϬϬ

164 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚĂǀŐ Λ'ŽĂůƐ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϱϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϯ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϳϵ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϳϯ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϯ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϯй ϰϮй Ϯϴй ϭϵй ƐĐĂƉĞŵĞŶƚ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϴ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϴϳй ϯϯй ϮϬй ϭϭй >ŽĐĂůƌĞƚƵƌŶ;tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ&ĂůůƐͿ ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϲ͕ϰϯϯ ϭϬϯ͕ϲϬϵ ϭϮϵ͕Ϭϴϳ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϬ͕ϵϱϱ ϴϯ͕ϮϮϳ ϭϭϱ͕ϰϵϵ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϰϳϴ ϮϬ͕ϯϴϮ ϭϯ͕ϱϴϴ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϳϵй Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϭϴ͕ϴϬϬ ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϬ͕ϳϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϰϬϬ ϯ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϱ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϭϴ͕ϰϬϬ ϭϳ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϱ͕ϳϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϴй ϴϱй ϱϭй ϯϮй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ Ϯϱ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϲϴ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϵ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϵϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϯϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϰϭ͕ϬϬϬ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ ϵϲй ϳϭй ϰϲй ϯϬй

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 165 ▪ ▪

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166 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪ tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ^͗dŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚ t•ŝŶ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇƌĞƚƵƌŶĞĚƚŽĨŽƵƌǁĞƐƚƐůŽƉĞƚĞƌ^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ĂƐĐĂĚĞƚƌŝďƵƚĂƌŝĞƐƵƉƐƚƌĞĂŵĨƌŽŵ tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ&ĂůůƐ͘ • ^ŝŐŶŝĨŝĐĂŶƚƉŽƌƚŝŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů

ƌĂŶŐĞĂƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇďůŽĐŬĞĚďǇĚĂŵƐ͘ dŽƚĂůƐ • ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇǁŝŶƚĞƌƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐŝŶƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌtŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶĚŝƐĐŽŶƚŝŶƵĞĚ͘ • ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇƐƵŵŵĞƌƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚĂƌĞ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌtŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞĨŽƌ ŵŝƚŝŐĂƚŝŽŶƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͘

ƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯ͕ϴϭϲ EĂƚƵƌĂů ƵƌƌĞŶƚ Ϯ͕ϴϭϲ >ŽǁŐŽĂů ϭϲ͕ϮϵϮ>ŽǁŐŽĂů WƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶϭϲ͕ϮϵϮ DĞĚŐŽĂů Ϯϳ͕ϴϬϵ DĞĚŐŽĂů Ϯϳ͕ϴϬϵ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϯϵ͕ϯϮϱ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ,ŝŐŚŐŽĂů ϯϵ͕ϯϮϱ

,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů ϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϮϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϯϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ^ƵŵŵĞƌ^ƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ϲϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝŶƚĞƌƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ

ϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϰϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϯϬ͕ϬϬϬ

ϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ&ĂůůƐŽƵŶƚ

ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ

Ϭ ϭϵϳϬ ϭϵϳϱ ϭϵϴϬ ϭϵϴϱ ϭϵϵϬ ϭϵϵϱ ϮϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϱ ϮϬϭϬ ϮϬϭϱ

,ĂƌǀĞƐƚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ;ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞͿ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇZĞůĞĂƐĞƐ

^ƵŵŵĞƌ htŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ ƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ͕ ^ƉŽƌƚ͕ϭ͘Ϭй ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ͕ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ͘ϳй

>tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ ^ƉŽƌƚ͕Ϭ͘ϯй ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů͕ Ϭ͘ϳй

dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯ͘ϳй dŽƚĂůtŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶ Ϭ

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 167 ▪ ▪

EĂƚƵƌĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ;tŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶͿ ďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů'ŽĂůZĂŶŐĞ DW' WŽƉƵůĂƚŝŽŶ ZĞĐĞŶƚ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ DŽůĂůůĂ ϭ͕Ϯϯϭ ϳϳ͕ϬϬϬ ϯ͕ϮϮϲ ϭϭ͕ϯϰϴ ϭϵ͕ϰϳϬ EŽƌƚŚ^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ ϲϵϬ ϳϱ͕ϮϬϬ ϴ͕ϲϯϮ ϵ͕ϯϮϯ ϭϬ͕Ϭϭϯ

hƉƉĞƌ ^ŽƵƚŚ^ĂŶƚŝĂŵ ϳϭϴ ϱϬ͕ϮϬϬ ϯ͕ϵϭϮ ϰ͕ϲϰϮ ϱ͕ϯϳϭ

tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ ĂůĂƉŽŽŝĂ ϭϳϳ ϭϳ͕ϲϬϬ ϱϮϮ Ϯ͕ϰϵϳ ϰ͕ϰϳϭ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϯ͕ϴϭϲ ϮϮϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϲ͕ϮϵϮ Ϯϳ͕ϴϬϵ ϯϵ͕ϯϮϱ

ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂůWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ƵƌƌĞŶƚWƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ZĞƚƵƌŶ ŶƚŝĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ;WƌŽŐƌĂŵͿ ƌŽŽĚ ^ŵŽůƚƐ &ƌǇ 'ŽĂů ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ tŝŶƚĞƌƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ ^ƵŵŵĞƌƐƚĞĞůŚĞĂĚ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ dŽƚĂůƐ Ϭ ϲϬϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϭ Ϭ ϱϱϬ͕ϬϬϬ

&ŝƐŚĞƌŝĞƐͬ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƌĂƚĞƐ ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ >ŽĐĂƚŝŽŶ ǀŐ;ǀŽĐŶͿ ǀŐ͘;ǀZͿ >ŝŵŝƚƐ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů ZĞĐĞŶƚ WŽƚĞŶƚŝĂů KĐĞĂŶ Ϭ͘ϬϬй ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ͲͲ ŽůƐƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϳϬй Ϭ͘ϳϬй ϱϬ фϮ͘Ϭй ŽůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů Ϭ͘ϳϬй Ϭ͘ϳϬй ϱϬ ϭϬͲϰϬй Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ >tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ^ƉŽƌƚ Ϭ͘ϯϬй Ϭ͘ϯϬй ϮϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů

tŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶ htŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ^ƉŽƌƚ ϭ͘ϬϬй ϭ͘ϬϬй ϭϬͲϮϬй ϳϬ dŽƚĂů Ϯ͘ϳй Ϯ͘ϳй ϭϬͲϰϬй ϭϵϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ

dŽƚĂůZĞƚƵƌŶ;tŝŶƚĞƌƌƵŶͿ ZĞĐĞŶƚ;ĂǀŐͿ Λ'ŽĂůƐ ;ϮϬϬϴͲϮϬϭϳͿ >Žǁ DĞĚ ,ŝŐŚ ΛŽůƵŵďŝĂZDŽƵƚŚ ϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϲ͕ϯϬϬ ϯϲ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϬ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϭϰ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй >ŽĐĂůƌĞƚƵƌŶ;tŝůůĂŵĞƚƚĞ&ĂůůƐͿ ϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϱ͕ϱϬϬ ϯϮ͕ϬϬϬ ϱϰ͕ϬϬϬ ϳϲ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;ŽůďĂƐŝŶͿ ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй ,ĂƌǀĞƐƚ;dŽƚĂůͿ ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů ϮϬϬ ϭ͕ϬϬϬ ϭϬ͕ϬϬϬ Ϯϴ͕ϬϬϬ ,ĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ йŚĂƚĐŚĞƌǇ Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй Ϭй

168 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force ▪ ▪

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Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 169 DiversityAppendix of stakeholders B. Glossary with diversity of viewpoints. Robustness and analysis of information used in goal setting. Displaying and organization of copious amounts

of data. — Bert Bowler, Upper Snake River Tribes

Abundance In the context of the Task Force, Delisting criteria Criteria incorporated into abundance refers to the number of natural- or ESA recovery plans that define both biological hatchery-origin adult salmon and steelhead criteria and threats criteria based on the five listing (excluding jacks) measured at various points (e.g., factors in ESA section 4[a][1]), and related to allevi- spawning grounds, returning to hatcheries, returning ating the causes for decline that, when met, would to a local area, available for harvest, returning to result in a determination that a species is no longer the Columbia River mouth). In the context of ESA threatened or endangered and can be proposed delisting, abundance refers to the number of natural- for removal from the Federal list of threatened and origin adult fish (excluding jacks) reaching spawning endangered species. grounds. Density dependence Density dependence Broad sense recovery goals Recovery goals, occurs when a population’s density affects its generally defined by state and tribal entities or growth rate by changing one or more vital rates — stakeholders that go beyond the requirements for birth, death, immigration, or emigration. ESA delisting to achieve even lower extinction risk and/or to address other legislative mandates or Distinct population segment (DPS) social, cultural, economic, and ecological values. The ESA allows listing decisions at the level of a species, subspecies, or distinct population segment Carrying capacity An upper limit to population (DPS). For steelhead, NOAA Fisheries applies a joint growth as density increases which determines a policy with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service poli- maximum equilibrium population size. Population cy that defines a DPS as a population or group of size is expected to fluctuate around the maximum populations that is discrete from and significant to equilibrium population size because of variability the remainder of its species based on factors such that is unrelated to density. Moreover, the carrying as physical, behavioral, or genetic characteristics, capacity parameter itself may change over time, because it occupies an unusual or unique ecolog- tracking changes in habitat conditions. [ISAB 2015] ical setting, or because its loss would represent a significant gap in the species’ range. Also see evo- Conversion rate For Columbia River salm- lutionarily significant unit (ESU). on and steelhead, the conversion rate is defined as fishery-independent survival between points Diversity The genetic and phenotypic (life histo- in freshwater migration. It is typically estimated ry, behavioral, and morphological) variation within a between dams based on counts or tag recovery population. Variation could include anadromous or rates. resident life histories, fecundity, run timing, spawn timing, juvenile behavior, age at smoltification, age Conservation Used generally, the act or at maturity, egg size, developmental rate, ocean instance of conserving or keeping fish resources distribution patterns, male and female spawning from change, loss, or injury, and leading to their behavior, physiology, molecular genetic characteris- protection and preservation. The Endangered tics, etc. Abundance, productivity and resilience are Species Act (ESA) defines conservation as the use strongly related to diversity which allows fish to suc- of all methods and procedures necessary to bring ceed under conditions that may vary substantially in any endangered species or threatened species to time and space. the point at which the measures provided pursuant to the ESA are no longer necessary.

170 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force De Minimis exploitation rates Low rates of Evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) fishery exploitation determined to pose negligible The ESA allows listing decisions at the level of a risk to the long-term viability of endangered, threat- species, subspecies, or distinct population segment ened, depleted, or weak fish stocks. (DPS). For salmon, NOAA Fisheries applies its 1991 ESU policy and treats ESUs as DPSs. An ESU is Ecosystem A community of organisms, including a group of Pacific salmon that is (1) substantially humans, in conjunction with their nonliving envi- reproductively isolated from other conspecific units ronment. Ecosystems involve complex interactions and (2) represents an important component of the between organisms, their environment, and the evolutionary legacy of the species. Also see distinct processes that drive the system. Ecosystems are population segment (DPS). complex and continuously changing. Humans and human institutions, beliefs and practices are integral Exploitation rate The proportion of a total parts of the ecosystem. run that is harvested in one or more fisheries. Exploitation rates may be calculated relative to Endangered Species Act (ESA) Federal law ocean abundance, freshwater return or local return passed in 1973 (16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) that aims depending on the distribution of fisheries and the to prevent the extinction of invertebrates, verte- management application. For the purposes of the brates, and plants listed as threatened or endan- Task Force, exploitation rate is defined broadly to gered. A species must be listed if it is threatened or include all fish harvested and any incidental mortali- endangered due to any of the following five factors: ties that may result from fishing activities. (1) present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range; (2) overutili- Fishery management unit (FMU) Fishery zation for commercial, recreational, scientific, or management units (FMUs) are stocks or groups educational purposes; (3) disease or predation; (4) of stocks that are subject to similar management inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; and strategies and objectives. FMUs are primarily deter- (5) other natural or manmade factors affecting its mined by run type and return timing in relation to continued existence. After being listed, a recovery Columbia River mainstem fisheries, which account plan must be created that aims to recovery the spe- for a large share of salmon and steelhead harvest. cies The Act also requires federal agencies or their One fishery management unit may include several non-federal permit applicants to determine whether ESA listing units of similar run type. their proposed action may impact a listed species. Harvestable Species, stocks or populations of ESA recovery plan A plan to recover a species salmon and steelhead that are sufficiently viable, listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. abundant, and productive to sustain significant lev- Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA requires els of exploitation and harvest. Harvestable stocks that recovery plans, to the extent practicable, are typically managed to produce optimum or max- incorporate (1) objective, measurable criteria that, imum sustained yield. Harvest ability can encom- when met, would result in a determination that the pass both numbers of fish harvested and qualities species is no longer threatened or endangered; of fisheries including opportunity and success. (2) site-specific management actions that may be Harvestable can be broadly defined to include “fish- necessary to achieve the plan’s goals; and (3) esti- able,” which refers to fishery opportunities that may mates of the time required and costs to implement not include direct harvest (e.g., catch and release recovery actions. The ESA requires NOAA Fisheries recreational fisheries). to develop and implement recovery plans for ESA- listed salmon and steelhead species. Recovery Hatchery-origin fish Fish that were spawned plans are guidance, not regulatory documents. and/or reared during a portion of their life cycle in an artificial production facility. Escapement Escapement typically refers to the number of adult salmon or steelhead surviving har- Healthy Salmon or steelhead populations, ESUs, vest and other mortality factors to reach a particular DPSs, or stocks that are abundant, productive, point in their return to freshwater. widely distributed, diverse, and resilient to environmental perturbations including climate change; can

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 171 sustain significant levels of harvest; and support a productivity, which refers to the rate at which natu- full range of ecological benefits including the needs ral origin fish are able to produce offspring of dependent species. Generally, healthy refers to a point substantially above ESA delisting on the Natural-origin fish Fish that spawned and spectrum from threatened/endangered to extremely reared in the wild, regardless of parental origin (wild, low extinction risk. natural or hatchery).

Jacks Jacks are sexually mature salmon, generally Population A group of fish of the same species males, returning to freshwater one year earlier than that spawns in a particular locality at a particular most mature salmon. They typically comprise a season and does not interbreed substantially with small proportion of the total return of natural-origin fish from any other group. fish, but many hatchery programs produce higher percentages of jacks. Numbers of jacks returning Productivity The rate at which a population is in one year are frequently used as predictors of the able to produce offspring. Productivity is used as an number of fully mature fish likely to return in the indicator of a population’s ability to sustain itself or following year. its ability to rebound from low numbers. The terms “population growth rate” and “population produc- Listing unit A grouping of salmon or steelhead tivity” are interchangeable when referring to mea- (see evolutionarily significant unit for salmon or sures of population productivity over an entire life distinct population segment for steelhead) that is cycle. The indicator for productivity is the average listable under the ESA. number of surviving offspring per parent, which can be expressed as the number of recruits (adults) per Minimum abundance threshold (MAT) spawner or the number of smolts per spawner. A minimum population abundance level corresponding with a viable population (i.e., a population Rebuilding exploitation rates (RERs) with a low risk of extinction [<5 percent] over a A harvest exploitation rate consistent with a popula- 100-year timeframe. Incorporates spatial structure tion’s survival and recovery requirements under the and diversity considerations into population viability Endangered Species Act according to quantitative curves based on abundance and productivity. risk assessment.

Mitigation hatchery production Hatchery Recovery Recovery in general refers to improve- fish production used for conservation or harvest ment in the biological status of a depleted, weak, or purposes that is funded through legislation or legal at-risk species to a high level of viability and func- agreement to compensate for natural production tion. Recovery can be viewed as a spectrum — for lost due to a specific action, such as construction example, from improving a species likelihood of and operation of a dam. persistence to a point where it is no longer threatened or endangered and can be removed from ESA Major population group (MPG) An protection to improving a species to a point where aggregate of independent populations within an it has an extremely low risk of extinction. NOAA ESU or DPS that share similar genetic and spatial Fisheries uses the term ESA recovery to refer to characteristics. reducing threats and improving a species status to a point where it is no longer threatened or endan- Metrics Something that quantifies a character- gered and can be removed from ESA protection. istic of a situation or process; for example, the For salmon and steelhead, this involves improving number of natural-origin salmon returning to spawn the species’ abundance, productivity, spatial struc- to a specific location is a metric for population ture, and diversity to levels which provide a high abundance. likelihood of long-term persistence (i.e., viable with a low risk of extinction). Natural production Natural production, or naturally produced fish, refers to the progeny of fish Recovery goals Recovery goals may include that spawn in the wild, regardless of parental origin both ESA recovery (delisting) goals and broad sense (wild, natural, or hatchery). This term is interchange- recovery goals that go beyond the requirements of able with the term natural-origin fish. It is import- ESA delisting by addressing other legislative man- ant to distinguish natural production from natural dates or social, cultural, economic, and ecological values. 172 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force Recovery scenario Scenario that describes a or in the same place in a different season. For the target status for each population included in an ESU purposes of the Columbia Basin Partnership Task or DPS, generally consistent with ICTRT recommen- Force, a stock is defined for Columbia Basin salmon dations for ESU/DPS viability. and steelhead based on species (Chinook salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, chum salmon, Run The migration of salmon or steelhead from steelhead), region of origin (e.g., Lower Columbia, the ocean to freshwater to spawn. Defined by the Middle Columbia, Upper Columbia, Snake, or season, they return as adults to the mouths of their Willamette) and run type (e.g. spring, summer, fall, home rivers. late fall).

Run size The total number of adult salmon Stock-recruitment The relationship between or steelhead (i.e., number of fish harvested plus parent spawners (stock) and the subsequent returns escapement from fisheries) returning to their sys- of progeny as maturing adults (recruitment). Stock- tems of origin. recruitment models are commonly used to describe and quantify compensation in a managed fish pop- Self-sustaining A self-sustaining viable population, to develop biologically based spawning and ulation has a negligible risk of extinction due to harvest rate goals, and to estimate the maximum reasonably foreseeable changes in circumstances equilibrium abundance that the habitat can support affecting its abundance, productivity, spatial struc- (ISAB 2015). ture, and diversity characteristics over a 100-year period, and achieves these characteristics without Technical recovery team Teams of scientists dependence upon artificial propagation. Artificial convened by NOAA Fisheries to develop technical propagation may be used to benefit threatened and products and recommendations related to ESA endangered species, and a self-sustaining popula- recovery planning. Technical recovery teams were tion may include artificially propagated fish, but a complemented by planning forums unique to spe- self-sustaining population must not be dependent cific states, tribes, or regions, which used TRT and upon propagation measures to achieve its viable other technical products to develop ESA recovery characteristics. Artificial propagation may contribute plans. to recovery, but is not a substitute for addressing the underlying factors (threats) causing or contribut- Viable salmonid population (VSP) ing to a species’ decline. An independent population of Pacific salmon or steelhead that has a negligible risk of extinction Smolt-to-adult return ratio (SAR) Smolt- due to threats from demographic variation (random to-adult return ratio (SAR) is the survival from a or directional), local environmental variation, and beginning point as a smolt to an ending point as an genetic diversity changes (random or directional) adult. SARs are influenced by both natural environ- over a 100-year timeframe. mental conditions and human factors in the freshwater migration corridor, estuary and marine waters. VSP parameters Abundance, productivity, In the Columbia Basin, SARs are typically calculated spatial structure, and diversity. These parameters from measurement points at dams (Lower Granite describe characteristics of salmon and steelhead Dam to Lower Granite Dam, Bonneville Dam to populations that are useful in evaluating population Bonneville Dam, Bonneville to Lower Granite Dam, viability. See NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS- or below Bonneville to Bonneville Dam). NWFSC-42, Viable salmonid populations and the recovery of evolutionarily significant units (McElhany Spatial structure The geographic distribu- et al. 2000). tion and organization of a population or groups of populations. Wild fish Fish that spawned and reared in the wild and originated from parents and a lineage that Stock A group of fish of the same species that does not include significant numbers of hatchery- spawns in a particular lake or stream (or portion origin fish. Distinguished in some applications from thereof) at a particular season and which, to a natural-origin fish, whose parents might include substantial degree, does not interbreed with fish hatchery-origin fish spawning in the wild. from any other group spawning in a different place

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 173 Appendix C. Terms of Reference

Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee Columbia Basin Partnership (CBP) Task Force Terms of Reference July 2016, and Amended by Addendum, June 2018 Purpose conservation needs while also providing har- The purpose is to establish a task force under vest, including that necessary to satisfy treaty the authority of the Marine Fisheries Advisory rights, and fishing opportunities. Goals will be Committee (MAFAC) to provide expert advice and developed in light of habitat capacity, climate create a communication conduit for geographically change, and other ecosystem conditions that focused stakeholder input to MAFAC, and subse- affect natural production. quently from MAFAC to NOAA’s National Marine • Foster a strong foundation of collaborative Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) Leadership, on relationships to address multiple management Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed and non-listed decisions in coming years. salmon and steelhead issues and goals that integrate long-term conservation and harvest/fishing Background/Scope and support regional and local efforts amongst The Columbia Basin is home to one of the richest Columbia Basin partners. This advice and relat- arrays of salmon and steelhead in the world, and ed information will contribute to fulfilling NOAA this wealth of anadromous species holds great Fisheries mission activities. ecological, cultural, spiritual, and economic value. Protecting, restoring, and effectively managing Objective these valuable species is one of the region’s great- This Task Force is being established to expand the est responsibilities, and one of NOAA Fisheries’ expertise of MAFAC and to help MAFAC provide greatest challenges. The Task Force’s work will advice and input to NOAA Fisheries Leadership on depend on wide, candid, and honest participation the Columbia Basin Partnership (CBP) and its future by all who care about salmon and steelhead. activities. By reporting to MAFAC, the Task Force will assist NOAA Fisheries in fulfilling its central role in The scope of this effort covers: ensuring that ESA, tribal trust, and sustainable fishing • All ESA-listed and non-listed salmon and steel- responsibilities integrate conservation and harvest head in the Columbia Basin, above and below through an inclusive approach in the Columbia Basin. Bonneville Dam; The Task Force will be science-based, results driven, • Ocean, main stem, and tributary fisheries that transparent, and publicly embraced. harvest Columbia Basin stocks, including commercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries; The initial actions for consideration of the • Multiple scales (basinwide, species, and major Task Force include: population group); • Provide a framework for developing quanti- • All impacts across salmon and steelhead tative goals for salmon and steelhead at the life-cycles (e.g. habitat, harvest, hatchery, and species, stock, and major population group hydro); and (MPG). • Consideration of ecological conditions and • Collaboratively develop goals to meet current and future habitat capacity.

174 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force. NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region and the prohibited from providing individual input to NOAA Northwest Power and Conservation Council will Fisheries on topics which do not concern MAFAC serve as ex-officio members of the Task Force. upon NOAA Fisheries’ request. Terms and Composition Funding This Task Force will consist of 25 to 35 individuals. Funding would be provided by NOAA Fisheries The individuals will be made up of regional sover- West Coast Region. Members of the Task Force are eigns and stakeholders. Given the long history of not compensated for their services, but will upon sovereign collaboration in the Columbia Basin as request be allowed to travel and per diem expenses well an obligation for Government-to-Government as authorized by 5 U.S.C. § 5701 et seq. relations with Tribes, up to 10 member seats will be allocated to sovereigns and the remainder (up to 25) Duration for stakeholders. This Task Force creates an import- The Task Force will be established for an initial peri- ant opportunity for stakeholders to engage in mean- od of two (2) years with a possibility of extending ingful collaboration along with regional sovereigns. that term if deemed necessary by NOAA Fisheries The Task Force members will strive to work and MAFAC. together to seek support for common goals over the long term by integrating local and regional efforts, ADDENDUM - June 2018 improving efficiency, considering existing information The term for the initial two-year period for the on goals, the full salmon life-cycle, the four Hs (hab- Columbia Basin Partnership Task Force began in itat, hydropower, hatcheries, and harvest), species’ January 2017, when its members were brought status, and current environmental conditions. together for its first meeting. The initial two year Members of the Task Force will serve to reflect the period ends at the end of January 2019. broader constituency that they represent. The Task The Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee Force will be made up of representatives from the (MAFAC) held its spring 2018 meeting in June in four Northwest states (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Portland, Oregon, with the specific purpose of and Montana), regional tribes, state agencies, and receiving an extensive update on the progress of the local recovery groups, as well as members that rep- Task Force. On June 27, members of the Task Force resent the following interests: presented on their progress to date and discussed • Environment their operating principles, the overarching vision that • Commercial fishing has been guiding their work, and the development • Recreational fishing of qualitative and technical quantitative goals. The • Utilities members presented their timeline and confirmed • River industries that a report on the Qualitative and Provisional • Agriculture Quantitative Goals under consideration was due for It is intended that the Task Force members rep- completion by the end of January 2019. resent the diverse constituent groups and partners MAFAC members were extremely pleased with that interact with NOAA Fisheries from the states the progress and work completed to date. MAFAC of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana. Task agreed that a second phase of work, comprised of Force members will be appointed for a term up to scenario planning and related efforts, would help two (2) years. establish integrated goals for long-term conservation and harvest/fishing of salmon and steelhead and Organization and Reporting would support collaborative regional and local efforts The Task Force may meet in person at the dis- amongst Columbia Basin partners. cretion of MAFAC with the concurrence of the Based on this assessment, MAFAC members members. Other meetings may be conducted by unanimously approved extending the term of the telephone or using other meeting technology. The Task Force for an additional two-year period, from Task Force will report to the MAFAC’s Ecosystem the end of January 2019 through the end of January Approach Subcommittee, which will report on its 2021. activities, findings, recommendations, reports, and other deliverables at regular meetings of MAFAC. Individual members of the Task Force are not

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 175 Appendix D. Operating Principles

MARINE FISHERIES FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE (MAFAC) COLUMBIA BASIN PARTNERSHIP TASK FORCE (CBP TASK FORCE) OPERATING PRINCIPLES (adopted on 06-27-2017)

or any collaborative process to operate and non-listed, that incorporate long-term conser- smoothly, it is necessary for those involved vation and provide harvest/fishing opportunities, to agree on the purpose for the process and while also satisfying tribal treaty/trust responsibili- Fthe procedures by which the group will conduct its ties. This task is a living marine resource matter that business. These operating principles are intended is a responsibility of the Department of Commerce, to support a constructive and productive process. and falls within the scope of MAFAC per its charter.

I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Scope OF THE COLUMBIA BASIN The scope of this effort covers: PARTNERSHIP TASK FORCE • All Columbia Basin listed and non-listed salmon and steelhead, including some extirpated Introduction. NOAA Fisheries has Endangered populations, above and below Bonneville Dam; Species Act (ESA), tribal treaty/trust responsibilities, and including the upper, middle, and lower and sustainable fishing responsibilities that require basins, and the estuary. integrating conservation and harvest needs. The • Ocean, mainstem, and tributary fisheries that discussions and products of the Columbia Basin harvest Columbia Basin stocks, including com- Partnership Task Force (CBP Task Force) will help mercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries. advise the Marine Fisheries Advisory Committee • Multiple geographic scales (basin, subbasin, (MAFAC) and, through MAFAC, NOAA Fisheries evolutionarily significant unit (ESU), and major on ways to integrate those responsibilities to help population group (MPG)). inform future management decisions. • Multiple temporal scales (e.g., 100-, 50-, or The CBP Task Force is a subcommittee of the 25-year goals). MAFAC, formed at the request of NOAA Fisheries • All impacts across the salmon and steelhead pursuant to the MAFAC Charter (Section 13(b) and life-cycle (e.g., habitat (mainstem, tributary, the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)), sub- estuary, and ocean), harvest, hatchery, and ject to procedures according to FACA. MAFAC and hydro). its subcommittees are managed by a Designated • Ecological functions, conditions, and current Federal Officer (DFO). and future habitat capacity.

Purpose Products The purpose of the CBP Task Force, as tasked MAFAC has tasked the CBP Task Force to provide by MAFAC, is to provide for a science-based, advice and recommendations for quantitative goals results-driven, transparent, and publicly embraced for salmon and steelhead at the ESU, stock, and process to recommend broad sense recovery goals MPG levels for Pacific salmon and steelhead in the for Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead, listed Columbia Basin. The CBP Task Force will consider

176 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force the best available science including information on Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe), habitat capacity, climate change, impacts to resi- Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of dent fish and other species, and other ecosystem the Flathead Nation, and Kootenai Tribe of conditions. The Task Force will also consider res- Idaho; toration potential of the currently blocked historical • NGO/environmental representative(s); salmon and steelhead habitat. • Commercial fishing representative(s); In addition to enhanced engagement and under- • Recreational fishing representative(s); standing among CBP Task Force members, the • Utilities representative(s); outcome of its advice may be a concise, common • River industries representative(s); definition of success. Numerical adult return goals • Agricultural/irrigation representative(s); may allow a means to measure progress and a clear • A local recovery group representative from way to maintain public support for regional recov- each state; ery efforts and investments. Additionally, chances • MAFAC member(s); and of achieving broad sense salmon recovery may be • A representative from the Northwest Power enhanced through better coordination and effective and Conservation Council (ex-officio). use of resources. • Membership Criteria. Members of the CBP The recommendations of the CBP Task Force will Task Force have been appointed by the NOAA not obligate any CBP Task Force member to under- Fisheries Administrator, based on the recom- take certain activities or diminish tribal treaty/trust mendations of MAFAC using the following responsibilities. It is the sincere hope of the Task criteria: Force that recommendations for common, long- • Are broadly representative of their interests term goals for salmon and steelhead will inspire our and constituents affected by salmon and many partners to integrate efforts to achieve the steelhead management in the Columbia River final recommendations. Basin. • Have organizational and/or subject matter II. STRUCTURE OF THE CBP expertise regarding salmon and steelhead TASK FORCE management in the Columbia River Basin. • Together represent the geographic diversity of CBP Task Force Members. The CBP Task Force the Columbia River Basin. will consist of stakeholders, tribes, and states. The Working Teams. As needed, with the approv- CBP Task Force members are voluntarily working al of NOAA Fisheries and pursuant to the MAFAC together to achieve a mutually acceptable outcome Charter, the CBP Task Force may organize teams that satisfies, to the greatest degree possible, the comprised of CBP Task Force members to inform interests of all members. It is essential that the CBP the CBP Task Force. Task Force members reflect the range of views from Coordinating Team. The CBP Task Force may across the Columbia Basin. decide to designate a balanced, representative Members of the CBP Task Force will serve to group of members as a Coordinating Team with reflect the broader constituency that they represent. specified process-related roles and responsibilities The CBP Task Force will include: in between meetings. This group may assist the • Four Northwest states: Oregon, Washington, MAFAC DFO and the DFO’s Fisheries staff in pre- Idaho, and Montana; paring proposed agenda topics for CBP Task Force • Columbia River Tribes: Confederated Tribes meetings. of the Colville Reservation, Spokane Tribe of Indians, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish III. MEETINGS AND PUBLIC Commission (representing the Nez Perce INTERACTIONS Tribe, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Confederated Tribes of Meeting Principles. the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, and • Members of the CBP Task Force will be open, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the transparent, inclusive, and accountable in Yakama Nation), Upper Snake River Tribes all of their actions. They will adhere to the Foundation (representing the Burns Paiute highest ethical standards in their work and Tribe, Shoshone−Bannock Tribes of the Fort deliberations and are committed to using Hall Reservation, Shoshone−Paiute Tribes informed judgment and thoughtfulness in of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, and decision-making.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 177 • Members of the CBP Task Force will listen and available on the MAFAC and NOAA Fisheries West understand broad stakeholder interests and Coast Region website. There will be an opportunity diversity within the Columbia Basin. for public input during meetings of the CBP Task • Members of the CBP Task Force will provide Force. Comments from the public will be limited input to each other and MAFAC that is strate- in time to allow sufficient opportunity to conduct gic and science-based and will reflect a basin- other portions of the agenda. The MAFAC DFO may wide perspective and long-term view. engage the CBP Task Force in a “town hall” or other • While the work of the CBP Task Force will be type of public meeting or forum on Columbia Basin accomplished cooperatively whenever pos- topics to provide the public with opportunity for sible, when individual CBP Task Force mem- providing input and feedback. bers decline to support a recommendation, they may explain their decisions to the CBP IV. RECOMMENDATIONS Task Force, and all views will be shared with It is understood that CBP Task Force members are MAFAC. representing the interests of their agency, organization, and/or constituents and providing input based Meeting Coordination. on those interests. CBP Task Force members will NOAA Fisheries and the MAFAC DFO may hire facil- engage in dialogue to seek common ground, sup- itators or consultants to assist in ensuring CBP Task port interests, and address differences to develop Force meetings run smoothly and efficiently. The recommended goals. MAFAC DFO will approve all meeting schedules. The The CBP Task Force shall report all advice, DFO and DFO’s Fisheries staff and consultants will: recommendations, and reports to MAFAC for its • Develop draft agendas, distribute meeting feedback and consideration and must not provide materials, facilitate meetings, work to resolve advice or work products directly to NOAA or NOAA any process issues or impasse that may arise, Fisheries. MAFAC will present its own final recom- prepare action items, and other tasks as mendations to NOAA Fisheries, and will meet and requested. discuss its draft recommendations with the CBP • Provide a process that supports constructive Task Force to seek feedback prior to finalizing its and productive dialogue and stays focused on recommendations. the agreed-upon scope of work for CBP Task Force meetings. V. RELATIONSHIP OF THE CBP TASK • Offer process skills to support open, balanced, FORCE TO OTHER PROCEEDINGS respectful dialogue and interest-based CBP The CBP Task Force is a task force of the MAFAC. Task Force problem-solving. Participation in the CBP Task Force will not limit any • Track areas of alignment and divergence, rec- member from taking whatever actions or asserting ommendations, and next steps. positions that the member determined was in its • Send draft documents to CBP Task Force best interest and, for sovereigns, is consistent with members for review. its legal and/or regulatory obligations.

Meeting Attendance. VI. GROUND RULES Each member will make a good faith effort to attend • Learn from and understand each other’s each CBP Task Force meeting. It is the responsi- perspective. bility of the member to stay fully briefed on all CBP • Be respectful, candid, and constructive. Task Force meeting discussions and deliberations. • Provide balance of speaking time. If a member misses more than half the meetings in • Test assumptions by asking questions. a year or is not engaged in the between-meeting • Resolve differences and reach consensus. work, or for any other reason at NOAA’s discretion, • Personal attacks and prejudicial statements NOAA Fisheries and MAFAC may terminate the term are not acceptable. of that member and seek and appoint a new repre- • Explore innovative solutions based upon com- sentative to fill the responsibility. mon interests. • Discuss topics together rather than in isolation. Public Input and Public Outreach. • Avoid surprises. The public may attend CBP Task Force meetings • Limit side conversations. as audience members. Meeting materials will be • Turn off cell phones or place in the non-ring mode during meeting sessions.

178 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force VII. SAFEGUARDS

Right to Withdraw. Any member may temporarily or permanently withdraw from the CBP Task Force at any time after discussing the reasons for withdrawal with the DFO or meeting facilitator. A CBP Task Force member wishing to resign from the CBP Task Force should submit a letter of resignation to the NOAA Fisheries Administrator with a copy to the MAFAC DFO. VIII. AGREEMENT AND ADOPTION The CBP Task Force members agree to abide by the preceding CBP Task Force Operating Principles.

Goals to Restore Thriving Salmon and Steelhead to the Columbia River Basin 179 180 Phase 1 Report of CBP Task Force

Lower Lemhi River, Upper Salmon Basin, Idaho. Newly constructed stream channel, floodplain, and side channel complex providing off-channel rearing and overwintering capacity for Chinook salmon and steelhead. Credit: Daniel Bertram, Idaho Office of Species Conservation

Three inspiring words ring through my Partnership experience: Gifts – We who are served so well by the River and its salmon, are committed to giving back; Trust – We are learning to rely upon each other; Boldness – We are demonstrating the collective will to take on even the most difficult issues, with eyes wide open. — Kevin Scribner, Salmon Safe