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Symbiosis Regulation in a Facultatively Symbiotic Temperate Coral: Zooxanthellae Division and Expulsion
Coral Reefs (2008) 27:601–604 DOI 10.1007/s00338-008-0363-x NOTE Symbiosis regulation in a facultatively symbiotic temperate coral: zooxanthellae division and expulsion J. Dimond Æ E. Carrington Received: 18 October 2007 / Accepted: 10 February 2008 / Published online: 29 February 2008 Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract Zooxanthellae mitotic index (MI) and expul- Keywords Temperate coral Astrangia Zooxanthellae sion rates were measured in the facultatively symbiotic Expulsion Facultative symbiosis scleractinian Astrangia poculata during winter and summer off the southern New England coast, USA. While MI was significantly higher in summer than in winter, mean Introduction expulsion rates were comparable between seasons. Corals therefore appear to allow increases in symbiont density Many anthozoans and some other invertebrates are well when symbiosis is advantageous during the warm season, known for their endosymbiotic associations with zooxan- followed by a net reduction during the cold season when thellae (Symbiodinium sp. dinoflagellates). Living within zooxanthellae may draw resources from the coral. Given gastrodermal cells, zooxanthellae utilize host wastes and previous reports that photosynthesis in A. poculata sym- translocate photosynthetic products to the animal, in some bionts does not occur below approximately 6 C, cases fulfilling nearly all of the host’s energy demands considerable zooxanthellae division at 3 C and in darkness (Muscatine 1990). Host cells have a flexible, but finite suggests that zooxanthellae are heterotrophic at low sea- capacity for zooxanthellae, and must therefore either grow sonal temperatures. Finally, examination of expulsion as a additional cells to accommodate dividing symbionts or function of zooxanthellae density revealed that corals with regulate their numbers (Muscatine et al. -
Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No. -
APP201895 APP201895__Appli
APPLICATION FORM DETERMINATION Determine if an organism is a new organism under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Send by post to: Environmental Protection Authority, Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140 OR email to: [email protected] Application number APP201895 Applicant Neil Pritchard Key contact NPN Ltd www.epa.govt.nz 2 Application to determine if an organism is a new organism Important This application form is used to determine if an organism is a new organism. If you need help to complete this form, please look at our website (www.epa.govt.nz) or email us at [email protected]. This application form will be made publicly available so any confidential information must be collated in a separate labelled appendix. The fee for this application can be found on our website at www.epa.govt.nz. This form was approved on 1 May 2012. May 2012 EPA0159 3 Application to determine if an organism is a new organism 1. Information about the new organism What is the name of the new organism? Briefly describe the biology of the organism. Is it a genetically modified organism? Pseudomonas monteilii Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Pseudomonadales Family: Pseudomonadaceae Genus: Pseudomonas Species: Pseudomonas monteilii Elomari et al., 1997 Binomial name: Pseudomonas monteilii Elomari et al., 1997. Pseudomonas monteilii is a Gram-negative, rod- shaped, motile bacterium isolated from human bronchial aspirate (Elomari et al 1997). They are incapable of liquefing gelatin. They grow at 10°C but not at 41°C, produce fluorescent pigments, catalase, and cytochrome oxidase, and possesse the arginine dihydrolase system. -
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S. -
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. -
Adaptive Divergence, Neutral Panmixia, and Algal Symbiont Population Structure in the Temperate Coral Astrangia Poculata Along the Mid-Atlantic United States
Adaptive divergence, neutral panmixia, and algal symbiont population structure in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata along the Mid-Atlantic United States Hannah E. Aichelman1,2 and Daniel J. Barshis2 1 Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA ABSTRACT Astrangia poculata is a temperate scleractinian coral that exists in facultative symbiosis with the dinoflagellate alga Breviolum psygmophilum across a range spanning the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Our previous work on metabolic thermal performance of Virginia (VA) and Rhode Island (RI) populations of A. poculata revealed physiological signatures of cold (RI) and warm (VA) adaptation of these populations to their respective local thermal environments. Here, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing (mRNA-Seq) to evaluate genetic differences and identify potential loci involved in the adaptive signature of VA and RI populations. Sequencing data from 40 A. poculata individuals, including 10 colonies from each population and symbiotic state (VA-white, VA-brown, RI-white, and RI-brown), yielded a total of 1,808 host-associated and 59 algal symbiont-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) post filtration. Fst outlier analysis identified 66 putative high outlier SNPs in the coral host and 4 in the algal symbiont. Differentiation of VA and RI populations in the coral host was driven by putatively adaptive loci, not neutral divergence (Fst = 0.16, p = 0.001 and Fst = 0.002, p = 0.269 for outlier and neutral SNPs respectively). In contrast, we found evidence of neutral population differentiation in B. psygmophilum (Fst = 0.093, p = 0.001). -
Voestalpine Essential Fish Habitat Assessment for PSD Greenhouse Gas Permit
Essential Fish Habitat Assessment: Texas Project Site voestalpine Stahl GmbH San Patricio County, Texas January 31, 2013 www.erm.com voestalpine Stahl GmbH Essential Fish Habitat Assessment: Texas Project Site January 31, 2013 Project No. 0172451 San Patricio County, Texas Alicia Smith Partner-in-Charge Graham Donaldson Project Manager Travis Wycoff Project Consultant Environmental Resources Management 15810 Park Ten Place, Suite 300 Houston, Texas 77084-5140 T: 281-600-1000 F: 281-600-1001 Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-2393 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROPOSED ACTION 1 1.2 AGENCY REGULATIONS 1 1.2.1 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act 1 1.2.1 Essential Fish Habitat Defined 2 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4 2.1 PROJECT SCHEDULE 4 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION 4 2.3 SITE DESCRIPTION 5 2.4 SITE HISTORY 7 2.5 EMISSIONS CONTROLS 8 2.6 NOISE 9 2.7 DUST 10 2.8 WATER AND WASTEWATER 10 2.8.1 Water Sourcing and Water Rights 11 2.8.2 Wastewater Discharge 13 3.0 IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTION AREA 15 3.1 ACTION AREA DEFINED 15 3.2 ACTION AREA DELINEATION METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS 16 3.2.1 Significant Impact Level Dispersion Modeling 16 3.2.2 Other Contaminants 17 4.0 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROJECT 19 4.1 SPECIES OF PARTICULAR CONCERN 19 4.1.1 Brown Shrimp 19 4.1.2 Gray Snapper 20 4.1.3 Pink Shrimp 20 4.1.4 Red Drum 20 4.1.5 Spanish Mackerel 21 4.1.6 White Shrimp 21 4.2 HABITAT AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN 22 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS -
Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of bacterial communities associated with blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera): a high throughput metabarcoding analysis Li Lim & Abdul Hafz Ab Majid* With the development of new metagenomic techniques, the microbial community structure of common bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, is well‑studied, while information regarding the constituents of the bacterial communities associated with tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus, is lacking. In this study, the bacteria communities in the blood‑fed and starved tropical bed bugs were analysed and characterized by amplifying the v3‑v4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene region, followed by MiSeq Illumina sequencing. Across all samples, Proteobacteria made up more than 99% of the microbial community. An alpha‑proteobacterium Wolbachia and gamma‑proteobacterium, including Dickeya chrysanthemi and Pseudomonas, were the dominant OTUs at the genus level. Although the dominant OTUs of bacterial communities of blood‑fed and starved bed bugs were the same, bacterial genera present in lower numbers were varied. The bacteria load in starved bed bugs was also higher than blood‑fed bed bugs. Cimex hemipterus Fabricus (Hemiptera), also known as tropical bed bugs, is an obligate blood-feeding insect throughout their entire developmental cycle, has made a recent resurgence probably due to increased worldwide travel, climate change, and resistance to insecticides1–3. Distribution of tropical bed bugs is inclined to tropical regions, and infestation usually occurs in human dwellings such as dormitories and hotels 1,2. Bed bugs are a nuisance pest to humans as people that are bitten by this insect may experience allergic reactions, iron defciency, and secondary bacterial infection from bite sores4,5. -
Horizontal Operon Transfer, Plasmids, and the Evolution of Photosynthesis in Rhodobacteraceae
The ISME Journal (2018) 12:1994–2010 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0150-9 ARTICLE Horizontal operon transfer, plasmids, and the evolution of photosynthesis in Rhodobacteraceae 1 2 3 4 1 Henner Brinkmann ● Markus Göker ● Michal Koblížek ● Irene Wagner-Döbler ● Jörn Petersen Received: 30 January 2018 / Revised: 23 April 2018 / Accepted: 26 April 2018 / Published online: 24 May 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access Abstract The capacity for anoxygenic photosynthesis is scattered throughout the phylogeny of the Proteobacteria. Their photosynthesis genes are typically located in a so-called photosynthesis gene cluster (PGC). It is unclear (i) whether phototrophy is an ancestral trait that was frequently lost or (ii) whether it was acquired later by horizontal gene transfer. We investigated the evolution of phototrophy in 105 genome-sequenced Rhodobacteraceae and provide the first unequivocal evidence for the horizontal transfer of the PGC. The 33 concatenated core genes of the PGC formed a robust phylogenetic tree and the comparison with single-gene trees demonstrated the dominance of joint evolution. The PGC tree is, however, largely incongruent with the species tree and at least seven transfers of the PGC are required to reconcile both phylogenies. 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: The origin of a derived branch containing the PGC of the model organism Rhodobacter capsulatus correlates with a diagnostic gene replacement of pufC by pufX. The PGC is located on plasmids in six of the analyzed genomes and its DnaA- like replication module was discovered at a conserved central position of the PGC. A scenario of plasmid-borne horizontal transfer of the PGC and its reintegration into the chromosome could explain the current distribution of phototrophy in Rhodobacteraceae. -
Spatial Distribution and the Effects of Competition on Some Temperate Scleractinia and Corallimorpharia
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 70: 39-48, 1991 Published February 14 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. ~ Spatial distribution and the effects of competition on some temperate Scleractinia and Corallimorpharia Nanette E. Chadwick* Department of Zoology. University of California, Berkeley. California 94720. USA ABSTRACT: The impact of interference competition on coral community structure is poorly understood. On subtidal rocks in the northeastern Pacific, members of 3 scleractinian coral species (Astrangia lajollaensis, Balanophyllia elegans, Paracyathus stearnsii) and 1 corallimorpharian (Corynactls califor- nica) were examined to determine whether competition exerts substantial influence over the~rabund- ance and distributional patterns. These anthozoans occupy > 50 % cover on hard substrata, and exhibit characteristic patterns of spatial distribution, with vertical zonation and segregation among some species. They interact in an interspecific dominance hierarchy that lacks reversals, and is linear and consistent under laboratory and field conditions. Experiments demonstrated that a competitive domin- ant, C. californica, influences the abundance and population structure of a subordinate. B. elegans, by (1)reducing sexual reproductive output, (2) increasing larval mortality, (3)altering recruitment patterns. Field cross-transplants revealed that the dominant also affects vertical zonation of a competitive intermediate, A. lajollaensis, by lulling polyps that occur near the tops of subtidal rocks. It is concluded that between-species competition, -
Iscr of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Functions As
ORIGINAL RESEARCH IscR of Rhodobacter sphaeroides functions as repressor of genes for iron-sulfur metabolism and represents a new type of iron-sulfur-binding protein Bernhard Remes1, Benjamin D. Eisenhardt1, Vasundara Srinivasan2 & Gabriele Klug1 1Institut fu¨ r Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-Universita¨ t, 35392 Giessen, Germany 2LOEWE-Zentrum fu¨ r Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Philipps Universita¨ t Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany Keywords Abstract Fe–S proteins, iron, Iron-Rhodo-box, iron- – sulfur cluster, IscR, Rhodobacter sphaeroides. IscR proteins are known as transcriptional regulators for Fe S biogenesis. In the facultatively phototrophic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides IscR is the pro- Correspondence duct of the first gene in the isc-suf operon. A major role of IscR in R. sphaer- Gabriele Klug, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 oides iron-dependent regulation was suggested in a bioinformatic study Giessen, Germany. Tel: (+49) 641 99 355 42; (Rodionov et al., PLoS Comput Biol 2:e163, 2006), which predicted a binding Fax: (+49) 641 99 355 49; E-mail: gabriele. site in the upstream regions of several iron uptake genes, named Iron-Rhodo- [email protected] box. Most known IscR proteins have Fe–S clusters featuring (Cys)3(His)1 liga- tion. However, IscR proteins from Rhodobacteraceae harbor only a single-Cys – Funding Information residue and it was considered unlikely that they can ligate an Fe S cluster. In This work was supported by the German this study, the role of R. sphaeroides IscR as transcriptional regulator and sensor Research Foundation (Kl563/25) and by the of the Fe–S cluster status of the cell was analyzed. -
Season, but Not Symbiont State, Drives Microbiome Structure in the Temperate Coral Astrangia Poculata
Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications Arts and Sciences 2017 Season, but not symbiont state, drives microbiome structure in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata. Koty H. Sharp Roger Williams University, [email protected] Zoe A. Pratte Georgia Institute of Technology Allison H. Kerwin University of Connecticut, Storrs Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.rwu.edu/fcas_fp Part of the Biology Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Sharp, K.H., Pratte, Z.A., Kerwin, A.H., Rotjan, R.D., & Stewart, F. J. (2017). Season, but not symbiont state, drives microbiome structure in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata. Microbiome 5(1), 120. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts and Sciences at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sharp et al. Microbiome (2017) 5:120 DOI 10.1186/s40168-017-0329-8 RESEARCH Open Access Season, but not symbiont state, drives microbiome structure in the temperate coral Astrangia poculata Koty H. Sharp1*, Zoe A. Pratte2, Allison H. Kerwin3, Randi D. Rotjan 4,5 and Frank J. Stewart2 Abstract Background: Understanding the associations among corals, their photosynthetic zooxanthella symbionts (Symbiodinium), and coral-associated prokaryotic microbiomes is critical for predicting the fidelity and strength of coral symbioses in the face of growing environmental threats. Most coral-microbiome associations are beneficial, yet the mechanisms that determine the composition of the coral microbiome remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized microbiome diversity in the temperate, facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata at four seasonal time points near the northernmost limit of the species range.